<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-24-050855.txt : 20240424
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240424064554
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-24-050855
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	20-F
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		146
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20231231
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240424
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240424

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Tuya Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001829118
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			E9
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		20-F
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-40210
		FILM NUMBER:		24866675

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		FLOOR 7-12, BLOCK A
		STREET 2:		HUACE CENTER, XIHU DISTRICT
		CITY:			HANGZHOU
		STATE:			F4
		ZIP:			00000
		BUSINESS PHONE:		86 0571 8691 5981

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		FLOOR 7-12, BLOCK A
		STREET 2:		HUACE CENTER, XIHU DISTRICT
		CITY:			HANGZHOU
		STATE:			F4
		ZIP:			00000
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>20-F
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231x20f.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 20-F
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id="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w"><xbrli:measure>xbrli:pure</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog"><xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_Vote_QcgAiV6S00atw9QnBpr_Dw"><xbrli:measure>tuya:Vote</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g"><xbrli:measure>iso4217:CNY</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw"><xbrli:measure>tuya:item</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_subsidiary_5aYrwGFsLUCayAKFj5MlEg"><xbrli:measure>tuya:subsidiary</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA"><xbrli:divide><xbrli:unitNumerator><xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unitNumerator><xbrli:unitDenominator><xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unitDenominator></xbrli:divide></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_segment_TcXsw6s5tE6G69uGldKWXA"><xbrli:measure>tuya:segment</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit></ix:resources></ix:header></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:1pt;padding-top:1pt;text-align:right;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:3.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_Hlk101606291"></a><a id="_eac295b4_c03b_49f4_902d_f69f125b01ff"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">UNITED STATES</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Washington, D.C. 20549</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:14pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">FORM </b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:DocumentType" id="Narr_Uozloey680SQB7fMVqeVlQ"><b style="font-weight:bold;">20-F</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:6pt;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">(Mark One)</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:DocumentRegistrationStatement" id="Narr_tH33b2gGD0Gnncev1E9I_w"><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">OR</b></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:DocumentAnnualReport" id="Narr_GDuXXerzkk2pic_uDwqrJw"><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9746;</span></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</b><span style="font-size:8pt;"><br/></span><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">For the fiscal year ended </b><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate" id="Narr_TTSSGwNr1ka9mEav-M0AYg"><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">December 31, 2023</b></ix:nonNumeric><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">.</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">OR</b></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:DocumentTransitionReport" id="Narr_aAB_ndS5q0iiTuQhao2XYA"><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE</b><span style="font-size:8pt;"> </span><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">ACT OF 1934</b><span style="font-size:8pt;"><br/></span><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">For the transition period from </b><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;"> to </b><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">.</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">OR</b></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:DocumentShellCompanyReport" id="Narr_tTsGvljfdEeKNOJuZey-2Q"><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</b><span style="font-size:8pt;"><br/></span><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">Date of event requiring this shell company report</b><b style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;">Commission file number: </span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:EntityFileNumber" id="Narr_gDUYmw3pJEapoNGKb_yr6A"><span style="font-size:8pt;">001-40210</span></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:17pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" id="Narr_uhSg2AQYQ0yeNk5F7NaHmg"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Tuya Inc.</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">N/A</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (Translation of Registrant&#8217;s name into English)</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:edgarprovcountryen" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" id="Narr_CeXMd-xuXUKrP_7MGf4M9w"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cayman Islands</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1" id="Narr_gGfHHxDl90mQazi5PMECjQ"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">10/F, Building A, Huace Center</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine2" id="Narr_9Y7MsJY92UKrCFWUmLaArw"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Xihu District</b></ix:nonNumeric><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">, 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id="Narr_7JIV1DdBAk6B6utC3GpRhg"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">China</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">(Address of principal executive offices)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_C_vtaxGhekCS43Z6xo-OaA" name="dei:ContactPersonnelName" id="Narr_n_lh_nslzE6e_UbwnrPRrQ"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Yao (Jessie) Liu</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Chief Financial Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Tel: +86 </b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_C_vtaxGhekCS43Z6xo-OaA" name="dei:CityAreaCode" id="Narr_4uQB5YanlUKN98RsxpqJwQ"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">0571</b></ix:nonNumeric><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">-</b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_C_vtaxGhekCS43Z6xo-OaA" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber" id="Narr_vIaalze6Rk2uRCHLBd1_2Q"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">86915981</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">E-mail: </b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_C_vtaxGhekCS43Z6xo-OaA" name="dei:ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" id="Narr_macMzyAuIEWeIgM-MbuTAQ"><b 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name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" id="Narr_I6o1ukpeoE6d4b5hRErGFA">504,387,299</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.00005 per share (including 5,433,895 Class A ordinary shares issued to the depositary bank for bulk issuance of ADSs reserved for future issuances upon the exercise or vesting of awards granted under our 2015 Plan, and a total of 11,361,436 Class A ordinary shares, including Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs, that have been repurchased by us from the open market), and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" scale="0" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_PKxhKYxi_UqOsS8Tsc0QPw" decimals="INF" name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" id="Narr_jRSoWwJBfU-_8xBW_6KEPQ">70,205,300</ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.00005 per share, as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:6pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:100%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. </p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:100%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;">Yes&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:8pt;">&#9744;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#160;</span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" id="Narr_gWt4f6jDXE6i_871coFkjA"><span style="font-size:8pt;">No</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size:8pt;">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:8pt;">&#9746;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:8pt;"> </span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:6pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;">If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 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name="dei:DocumentAccountingStandard" id="Narr_KgVLPIMnSEGVbB9EUaxa_g"><span style="font-size:8pt;">U.S. GAAP</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size:8pt;">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:8pt;">&#9746;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">International Financial Reporting Standards as issued</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">by the International Accounting Standards Board&#160;<span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:20.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">Other&#160;<span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:6pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">If &#8220;Other&#8221; has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.&#160;<span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span> Item 17&#160;<span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span> Item 18</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;">If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes&#160;</span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:EntityShellCompany" id="Narr_f107uNn440Gt2HFTtnmYCg"><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:8pt;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size:8pt;"> No&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:8pt;">&#9746;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:6pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;table-layout:auto;width:100%;"><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:100%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Yes&#160;<span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:52.46%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">No&#160;<span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:6pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:1pt;padding-top:1pt;text-align:center;border-bottom:3.0pt solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="TOC"></a><a id="_57da38f5_ab3e_41c5_8162_2654e89c8941"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;width:100%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Page</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#INTRODUCTION_719280"><b style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">INTRODUCTION</b></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">ii</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:90.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#FORWARDLOOKINGINFORMATION_109992"><b style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION</b></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">iv</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#PARTI_73079"><b style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">PART I</b></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM1IDENTITYOFDIRECTORSSENIORMANAGEMENT"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 1.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM1IDENTITYOFDIRECTORSSENIORMANAGEMENT"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">1</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM2OFFERSTATISTICSANDEXPECTEDTIMETABLE"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 2.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM2OFFERSTATISTICSANDEXPECTEDTIMETABLE"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">1</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM3KEYINFORMATION_43920"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 3.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM3KEYINFORMATION_43920"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">KEY INFORMATION</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">1</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM4INFORMATIONONTHECOMPANY_675730"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 4.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM4INFORMATIONONTHECOMPANY_675730"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">70</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM4AUNRESOLVEDSTAFFCOMMENTS_99773"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 4A.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM4AUNRESOLVEDSTAFFCOMMENTS_99773"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">109</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM5OPERATINGANDFINANCIALREVIEWANDPROSP"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 5.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM5OPERATINGANDFINANCIALREVIEWANDPROSP"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">110</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM6DIRECTORSSENIORMANAGEMENTANDEMPLOYE"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 6.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM6DIRECTORSSENIORMANAGEMENTANDEMPLOYE"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">124</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM7MAJORSHAREHOLDERSANDRELATEDPARTYTRA"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 7.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM7MAJORSHAREHOLDERSANDRELATEDPARTYTRA"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">137</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM8FINANCIALINFORMATION_440460"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 8.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM8FINANCIALINFORMATION_440460"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">FINANCIAL INFORMATION</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">138</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM9THEOFFERANDLISTING_855539"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 9.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM9THEOFFERANDLISTING_855539"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">THE OFFER AND LISTING</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">140</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM10ADDITIONALINFORMATION_599790"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 10.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM10ADDITIONALINFORMATION_599790"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">140</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM11QUANTITATIVEANDQUALITATIVEDISCLOSU"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 11.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM11QUANTITATIVEANDQUALITATIVEDISCLOSU"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">157</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM12DESCRIPTIONOFSECURITIESOTHERTHANEQ"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 12.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM12DESCRIPTIONOFSECURITIESOTHERTHANEQ"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">158</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#PARTII_89173"><b style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">PART II</b></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">163</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM13ITEMDEFAULTSDIVIDENDARREARAGESANDD"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 13.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM13ITEMDEFAULTSDIVIDENDARREARAGESANDD"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">163</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM14MATERIALMODIFICATIONSTOTHERIGHTSOF"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 14.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM14MATERIALMODIFICATIONSTOTHERIGHTSOF"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">163</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM15CONTROLSANDPROCEDURES_662984"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 15.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM15CONTROLSANDPROCEDURES_662984"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">164</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM16AAUDITCOMMITTEEFINANCIALEXPERT_781"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.A.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16AAUDITCOMMITTEEFINANCIALEXPERT_781"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">165</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM16BCODEOFETHICS_946799"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.B.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16BCODEOFETHICS_946799"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">CODE OF ETHICS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">165</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM16CPRINCIPALACCOUNTANTFEESANDSERVICE"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.C.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16CPRINCIPALACCOUNTANTFEESANDSERVICE"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">165</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM16DEXEMPTIONSFROMTHELISTINGSTANDARDS"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.D.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16DEXEMPTIONSFROMTHELISTINGSTANDARDS"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">166</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM16EPURCHASESOFEQUITYSECURITIESBYTHEI"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.E.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16EPURCHASESOFEQUITYSECURITIESBYTHEI"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">166</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM16FCHANGEINREGISTRANTSCERTIFYINGACCO"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.F.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16FCHANGEINREGISTRANTSCERTIFYINGACCO"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">CHANGE IN REGISTRANT&#8217;S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">167</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM16GCORPORATEGOVERNANCE_173081"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.G.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16GCORPORATEGOVERNANCE_173081"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">CORPORATE GOVERNANCE</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">167</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM16HMINESAFETYDISCLOSURE_890130"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.H.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16HMINESAFETYDISCLOSURE_890130"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">167</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM16IDISCLOSUREREGARDINGFOREIGNJURISDI"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.I</span></a>.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16IDISCLOSUREREGARDINGFOREIGNJURISDI"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">168</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#Item16JINSIDERTRADINGPOLICIES_83980"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.J.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16JINSIDERTRADINGPOLICIES_83980"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">INSIDER TRADING POLICIES</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">168</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM16KCYBERSECURITY_132224"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 16.K.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16KCYBERSECURITY_132224"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">CYBERSECURITY</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">168</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#PARTIII_438262"><b style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">PART III</b></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">169</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM17FINANCIALSTATEMENTS_257001"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 17.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM17FINANCIALSTATEMENTS_257001"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">169</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM18FINANCIALSTATEMENTS_434404"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 18.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM18FINANCIALSTATEMENTS_434404"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">169</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 14.4pt;"><a href="#ITEM19EXHIBITS_791341"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ITEM 19.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:75.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM19EXHIBITS_791341"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">EXHIBITS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">169</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">i</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_7d3e4d92_4ac1_412b_815a_e2a170264070"></a><a id="INTRODUCTION_719280"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 11pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">INTRODUCTION</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 11pt 0pt;">Except where the context otherwise requires and for the purpose of this annual report only:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;ADSs&#8221; refers to the American depositary shares, each representing one Class A ordinary share;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;CAC&#8221; refers to the Cyberspace Administration of&#160;China;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;China&#8221; or &#8220;the PRC&#8221; refers to the People&#8217;s Republic of China, including Hong Kong and Macau and, only for the purpose of this annual report, excluding Taiwan; the only instances in which &#8220;China&#8221; or &#8220;the PRC&#8221; do not include Hong Kong or Macau are when used in the case of laws and regulations, including, among others, tax matters, adopted by the People&#8217;s Republic of China; &#8220;PRC subsidiaries&#8221; and &#8220;PRC entities&#8221; refer to entities established in accordance with PRC laws and regulations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;CIC&#8221; refers to China Insights Consultancy, an independent professional market research and consulting company;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Class A ordinary shares&#8221; refers to our Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.00005 per share;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Class B ordinary shares&#8221; refers to our Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.00005 per share;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;CSRC&#8221; refers to the China Securities Regulatory Commission;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;the Group&#8221; refers to Tuya Inc., its subsidiaries and the VIE;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Hangzhou Tuya Technology&#8221; refers to Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd.;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Hong Kong Listing&#8221; refers to the listing of the Class A ordinary shares on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Hong Kong Stock Exchange&#8221; refers to The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;IoT&#8221; refers to Internet of Things, a concept of connecting physical objects, or &#8220;things,&#8221; that are embedded with communication modules, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging information with other devices and systems over the internet or other communications networks;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;MAA&#8221; or &#8220;Articles&#8221; refers to the ninth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of our company, currently effective;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;NYSE&#8221; refers to the New York Stock Exchange;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;PaaS&#8221; refers to platform as a service, a category of cloud computing services that provides a platform and environment to allow developers to build applications over the internet;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;premium IoT PaaS customer&#8221; refers to a customer as of a given date that contributed more than US$100,000 of revenues during the immediately preceding 12-month period;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;RMB&#8221; or &#8220;Renminbi&#8221; refers to the legal currency of the People&#8217;s Republic of China;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;SaaS&#8221; refers to software as a service, a cloud-based software licensing and delivery model in which software and associated data are centrally hosted and are available to end users over the internet, including but not limited to the industry SaaS and clouds storage service;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;SAFE&#8221; refers to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;shares&#8221; or &#8220;ordinary shares&#8221; refer to our Class A and Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.00005 per share;</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">ii</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Tuya,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221; &#8220;our company&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; refer to Tuya Inc., a Cayman Islands company and its subsidiaries;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Tuya Information&#8221; refers to Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd.;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:11pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;US$,&#8221; &#8220;dollars&#8221; or &#8220;U.S. dollars&#8221; refers to the legal currency of the United States; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;variable interest entity&#8221; or &#8220;VIE&#8221; refers to Hangzhou Tuya Technology, i.e., the PRC entity, of which, through certain contractual arrangements, we are considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting purposes, and consolidate its operating results in our financial statements under U.S. GAAP to the extent the conditions for consolidation of the VIE under U.S. GAAP are satisfied. The contractual arrangements provide us with the exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interest of the entity at the minimum price possible to the extent permitted under PRC law.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:11pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi in this annual report are made at RMB7.0999 to US$1.00, the exchange rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board on December 29, 2023. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">iii</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_e737b51c_a4b1_4f12_9698_1e60bfcbdffb"></a><a id="FORWARDLOOKINGINFORMATION_109992"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">This annual report contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the &#8220;safe harbor&#8221; provision under Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;) and as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Many of the forward-looking statements contained in this annual report can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as &#8220;aim,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;likely to,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;will&#8221; or other similar expressions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this annual report and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our intent, belief or current expectations. Forward-looking statements are based on our management&#8217;s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to, those identified under the section entitled &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8221; in this annual report. These risks and uncertainties include factors relating to:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">general economic, political, demographic and business conditions in China and globally;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to implement our growth strategies;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the success of operating initiatives, including advertising and promotional efforts and new product and service development by us and our competitors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to develop and apply our technologies to support and expand our product and service offerings;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to compete and conduct our business in the future;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the expected growth of the IoT PaaS, SaaS and smart device industries in China and globally;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the availability of qualified personnel and the ability to retain such personnel;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">competition in the IoT PaaS, SaaS and smart device industries;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">changes in government policies and regulations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">other factors that may affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">other risk factors discussed under &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors.&#8221;</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update them in light of new information or future developments or to release publicly any revisions to these statements in order to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">iv</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_bcefb3c7_7206_4ad2_9c6e_7182fab772ab"></a><a id="PARTI_73079"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">PART I</p><a id="ITEM1IDENTITYOFDIRECTORSSENIORMANAGEMENT"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_78da42be_1078_4803_b939_70e4ce061a1a"></a><a id="ITEM2OFFERSTATISTICSANDEXPECTEDTIMETABLE"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_53270a4f_0e9f_4722_8c08_dad5f8008c5d"></a><a id="ITEM3KEYINFORMATION_43920"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;KEY INFORMATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Holding Company Structure</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya Inc. is a Cayman Islands holding company, and the Group operates in China mainly through its PRC subsidiaries. The Group also conducts business internationally with local offices in the United States, Europe, Singapore, India, Japan and Colombia, among other locations. It is important to note that investors in our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares do not hold equity securities issued by our subsidiaries or the VIE in China, but instead hold equity securities of Tuya Inc. As used in this annual report, &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221; &#8220;our company,&#8221; &#8220;our&#8221; or &#8220;Tuya&#8221; refers to Tuya Inc. and its subsidiaries, and &#8220;the Group&#8221; refers to Tuya Inc., its subsidiaries and the VIE.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The operations of the VIE do not constitute a material aspect of the Group&#8217;s operations, based on the following:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Business Operation.</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> We set out to offer IoT PaaS to customers developing smart devices, including brands and their contracted OEMs. Over time, we have extended our offerings to those who use smart devices. We offer Industry SaaS to businesses in selected verticals and cloud-based value-added services to end users. In addition, we engage in smart device distribution. Some of our customers, primarily brands and system integrators, who prefer not to directly deal with multiple OEMs, may purchase directly from us finished smart devices with IoT PaaS deployed that are sourced from qualified OEMs. As part of this business, we also offer smart solutions tailored to enterprises aiming to develop their own smart devices. We provide finished smart devices that integrate more extensive and comprehensive software capabilities, which enable these customers to efficiently build their smart business product portfolios. We may also provide customers for our smart device distribution business with an access to Tuya Expo, a dedicated business-to-business (&#8220;B2B&#8221;) platform connecting brands globally with an extensive network of OEMs. Currently, only a de minimis portion of our revenue is derived from Tuya Expo.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;">In China, providing online transaction platform services fall within the categories of the value-added telecommunication service, which is subject to foreign investment restrictions and license requirements under the PRC laws and regulations. Therefore, Hangzhou Tuya Technology, or the VIE, was established to hold the requisite license and for the purpose of providing investors with exposure to foreign investment in China-based companies where direct foreign investments in operating entities are not viable. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;">As advised by Jia Yuan Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel, based on consultations with competent government authorities, the offering of IoT PaaS, Industry SaaS, cloud-based value-added services and other types of smart device distribution are not subject to foreign ownership restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations. In the event the VIE structure is disallowed, the Group does not expect to experience a material disruption in its operations.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Financial Position and Results of Operations.</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> The VIE does not represent a material percentage of the Group&#8217;s financial position and results of operations as of and for each period presented in this annual report. Historically, the VIE accounted for an immaterial portion of the Group&#8217;s total revenue and assets. The VIE contributed nil to the Group&#8217;s total revenue in 2021 , 2022 and 2023. As of both December 31, 2022 and 2023, the assets of the VIE, excluding amounts due from other companies in the Group, represented less than 0.01% of the Group&#8217;s consolidated total assets. We expect the contribution of revenue and assets to the Group from the VIE to remain immaterial in the foreseeable future.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">1</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:246.59pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following chart illustrates our corporate structure, including our significant subsidiaries as that term is defined under Section 1-02 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act, the VIE and certain other subsidiaries, as of the date of this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231x20f001.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:246.59pt;width:477.35pt;"/></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Notes:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(1) The VIE is owned by certain nominee shareholders, not us. All of these nominee shareholders are also beneficial owners of our company. Shareholders of Hangzhou Tuya Technology are Xueji (Jerry) Wang (our director and CEO), Liaohan (Leo) Chen (our director), Yaona Lin (our employee), Ruixin Zhou (our employee) and Peihong Chen (our employee), each holding approximately 60.7%, 13.1%, 11.5%, 9.8% and 4.9%, respectively, of Hangzhou Tuya Technology&#8217;s equity interests. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(2) Contractual arrangements include exclusive business cooperation agreement, equity interest pledge agreement, exclusive option agreement, power of attorney and spousal consent. See &#8220;&#8212;Contractual Arrangements.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For a detailed discussion of how funds and other assets are transferred through our organization, see &#8220;&#8212;Transfer of Funds and Other Assets through Our Organization.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our corporate structure involves unique risks to investors in our equity securities. Investors who are non-PRC residents may never directly hold equity interests in the VIE under current PRC laws and regulations. We do not have any equity interests in the VIE who is owned by certain nominee shareholders. Any of such nominee shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations in an acceptable manner, or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. In the event that the shareholders of the VIE breach the terms of these contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate the VIE, or the VIE declares bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to conduct the affected business operations or otherwise benefit from the assets held by the VIE and its shareholders. As a result, the contractual arrangements may be less effective than direct ownership, and we could face heightened challenges, risks and costs in enforcing these contractual arrangements due to legal uncertainties and jurisdictional limits.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">2</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As of the date of this annual report, our contractual arrangements with the VIE have not been tested in a court of law in the PRC. If the PRC government deems that our contractual arrangements with the VIE do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations or otherwise significantly change our corporate structure. We and our investors face significant uncertainty about potential future actions by the PRC government that could affect the legality and enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE and, consequently, negatively affect our ability to consolidate the financial results of the VIE and the financial performance of our company as a whole. Our securities may decline in value or become worthless if we are unable to effectively enforce our contractual control rights over the assets and operations of the VIE. For a detailed discussion of the risks associated with the VIE structure, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factor&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We also face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties related to doing business in China. The PRC government has authority to regulate and exert influence on companies operating in the PRC, including their ability to conduct business, accept foreign investments or be listed on foreign stock exchanges. For example, we face risks associated with regulatory approvals of offshore offerings, anti-monopoly regulatory actions, cybersecurity and data privacy, as well as the uncertainty on whether the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the &#8220;PCAOB&#8221;) will continue to be able to satisfactorily inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. The PRC government may also intervene with or influence our operations as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory political and societal goals, among other things, which could result in an adverse impact on our operations and/or value of our equity securities. In recent years, the PRC government has published policies that have significantly impacted our industry and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future further release regulations or policies regarding our industry, including those that may have adverse impacts on our business, financial condition and results of operations. These actions may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or in extreme cases, become worthless. For a more detailed discussion of these risks, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8221; and &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Contractual Arrangements</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">A series of contractual arrangements were entered into between Tuya Information, on the one hand, and the VIE and its registered shareholders, on the other hand:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">power of attorney, equity interest pledge agreements, which provide us with effective control over the VIE; </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">exclusive business cooperation agreement, which allows us to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIE; and </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">exclusive option agreements, which provide us with exclusive options to purchase all or part of the equity interests in or all or part of the assets of or inject registered capital into the VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC law.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For details, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and the VIE&#8217;s Registered Shareholders&#8221; below in this annual report. These contractual arrangements in totality provide Tuya Inc. with a controlling financial interest as the primary beneficiary under ASC 810 and the basis to consolidate the VIE under U.S. GAAP.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Transfer of Funds and Other Assets through Our Organization</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have established stringent cash management policies that dictate how funds are transferred between Tuya Inc., its subsidiaries and the VIE. Each transfer of cash among Tuya Inc., its subsidiaries and the VIE is subject to internal approval. To effect a cash transfer, a number of steps are typically needed, including but not limited to the submission of transfer application, the initial approval by certain manager, and final approval by the financial director. A designated personnel with fund management expertise will review transfer applications as well as underlying agreements and/or related documents on a monthly basis.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, Tuya Inc., through its intermediate holding company, had made cumulative capital contributions of US$494.2 million to its PRC subsidiaries. These funds have been used by our PRC subsidiaries mainly for their business operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">3</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:9.2pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The VIE may transfer cash to Tuya Information, our wholly owned subsidiary in the PRC, by paying service fees pursuant to the contractual arrangements through which we control and consolidate the financial results of the VIE. In each of 2021, 2022 and 2023, the VIE did not pay any service fees to Tuya Information pursuant to the contractual arrangements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Because Tuya Inc. controls the VIE through contractual arrangements, it is not able to make direct capital contribution to the VIE. Nonetheless, Tuya Inc. and its subsidiaries may transfer cash to the VIE by loans or by making payment to the VIE for intergroup transactions, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration and approval requirements. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, Tuya Inc. and its subsidiaries did not make any loans to the VIE. In addition, Tuya Information may, from time to time, lend cash to the VIE or settle the VIE&#8217;s payment obligations on behalf of VIE to provide temporary working capital support to the VIE. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, the net amounts of working capital support provided by Tuya Information to the VIE were RMB2.7 million, RMB2.5 million and RMB1.9 million (US$0.3 million), respectively. As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the amounts owed by VIE to Tuya Information associated with the foregoing working capital support arrangements were RMB7.1 million, RMB9.6 million and RMB11.5 million (US$1.6 million), respectively. The VIE has historically funded its operations primarily using cash generated from its operating activities and the working capital support provided by Tuya Information. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, there were no assets transferred between the VIE and other entities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In 2021, 2022 and 2023, no dividends or distributions were made to Tuya Inc. by its subsidiaries. Tuya Inc. has not previously declared or paid any cash dividend or dividend in kind, and has no plan to declare or pay any dividends in the near future on our shares or the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares. We currently intend to retain our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business. We currently do not have any plan to require our PRC subsidiaries to distribute their retained earnings and intend to retain them to operate and expand our business in the PRC. See &#8220;Item 8.&#8212;Financial Information&#8212;8.A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information&#8212;Dividend Policy.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">For the purpose of illustration, the below table reflects the hypothetical taxes that might be required to be paid within China, assuming that: (i) we have taxable earnings, and (ii) we determine to pay a dividend in the future:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:75.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:75.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Taxation&#160;Scenario</b><sup style="font-size:6pt;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:75.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Statutory&#160;Tax&#160;and&#160;Standard&#160;Rates</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:75.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Hypothetical pre-tax earnings<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.81%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:75.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tax on earnings at statutory rate of 25%&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (25)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:75.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net earnings available for distribution</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 75</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:75.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Withholding tax at standard rate of 10%<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(3)</sup>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (7.5)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:75.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net distribution to Parent/Shareholders</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 67.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">Notes:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">For purposes of this example, the tax calculation has been simplified. The hypothetical book pre-tax earnings amount, not considering timing differences, is assumed to equal taxable income in China.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Under the terms of the contractual arrangements between us and the VIE, our PRC subsidiary may charge the VIE for services provided to the VIE. These service fees shall be recognized as expenses of the VIE, with a corresponding amount as service income by our PRC subsidiary and eliminate in consolidation. For income tax purposes, our PRC subsidiary and the VIE file income tax returns on a separate company basis. The service fees paid are recognized as a tax deduction by the VIE and as income by our PRC subsidiary and are tax neutral.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(3)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Tuya Information, our wholly owned PRC subsidiary, is eligible to enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15% in 2021 2022 and 2023, to the extent it has taxable income under the EIT Law. Tuya Information is qualified as a High and New Technology Enterprise (the &#8220;HNTE&#8221;) and was entitled to enjoy the 15% beneficial tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023. However, such rate is subject to qualification, is temporary in nature and may not be available in a future period when distributions are paid. For purposes of this hypothetical example, the table above reflects a maximum tax scenario under which the full statutory rate would be effective.</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">4</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(4)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a foreign invested enterprise, or FIE, to its immediate holding company outside China if such immediate holding company is considered as a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company&#8217;s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by a FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong can be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% if the immediate holding company in Hong Kong owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE and could be recognized as a Beneficial Owner of the dividend from a PRC tax perspective.</span></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The table above has been prepared under the assumption that all profits of the VIE will be distributed as fees to Tuya Information under tax neutral contractual arrangements. If in the future, the accumulated earnings of the VIE exceed the fees paid to Tuya Information, or if the current and contemplated fee structure between the intercompany entities is determined to be non-substantive and disallowed by Chinese tax authorities, we have other tax-planning strategies that can be deployed on a tax neutral basis. Should all tax planning strategies fail, the VIE could, as a matter of last resort, make a non-deductible transfer to our PRC subsidiary for the amounts of the stranded cash in the VIE. This would result in the double taxation of earnings: one at the VIE level (for non-deductible expenses) and one at Tuya Information level (for presumptive earnings on the transfer). Such a transfer and the related tax burdens would reduce our after-tax income to approximately 50.6% of the pre-tax income. Our management believes that there is only a remote possibility that this scenario would happen.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For PRC and United States federal income tax consideration of an investment in the ADSs, see &#8220;Item 10. Additional Information&#8212;10.E. Taxation.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Restrictions on Foreign Exchange and the Ability to Transfer Cash between Entities, Across Borders and to U.S. Investors</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;">To the extent cash or assets in the business are in the PRC, including Hong Kong, or a PRC (including Hong Kong) entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC, including Hong Kong, due to interventions in or the impositions of restrictions and limitations on the availability of Tuya Inc., its subsidiaries or the VIE by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets. There is no assurance that the PRC government will not intervene in or impose restrictions on the ability of Tuya Inc., its subsidiaries or the VIE to transfer cash or assets.  </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the future, if and when we become profitable, Tuya Inc.&#8217;s ability to pay dividends, if any, to its shareholders and ADS holders and to service any debt it may incur will depend upon dividends paid by our PRC subsidiaries. Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries are subject to certain restrictions with respect to paying dividends or otherwise transferring any of their net assets offshore to Tuya Inc. In particular, under the current effective PRC laws and regulations, dividends may be paid only out of distributable profits. Distributable profits are the net profit as determined under PRC GAAP, less any recovery of accumulated losses and appropriations to statutory and other reserves required to be made. Each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, after making up previous years&#8217; accumulated losses, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds, until the aggregate amount of such a fund reaches 50% of its registered capital. As a result, our PRC subsidiaries may not have sufficient distributable profits to pay dividends to us in the near future. </p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">5</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Furthermore, if certain procedural requirements are satisfied, the payment of current account items, including profit distributions and trade- and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE or its local branches. However, where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses, such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies, approval from or registration with competent government authorities or their authorized banks is required. The PRC government may take measures at its discretion from time to time to restrict access to foreign currencies for current account or capital account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our offshore intermediary holding companies or ultimate parent company, and therefore, our shareholders or investors in our ADSs. Further, we cannot assure you that new regulations or policies will not be promulgated in the future, which may further restrict the remittance of RMB into or out of the PRC. We cannot assure you, in light of the restrictions in place, or any amendment to be made from time to time, that our current or future PRC subsidiaries will be able to satisfy their respective payment obligations that are denominated in foreign currencies, including the remittance of dividends outside of the PRC. If any of our subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends to Tuya Inc. In addition, our PRC subsidiaries are required to make appropriations to certain statutory reserve funds, which are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of a solvent liquidation of the companies.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Recent PRC Regulatory Developments</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Cybersecurity Review</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On December 28, 2021, the CAC and several other administrations jointly promulgated the Measures for Cybersecurity Review, or the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective on February 15, 2022. The Cybersecurity Review Measures provide that (i) a &#8220;network platform operator&#8221; holding over one million users&#8217; personal information shall apply for a cybersecurity review when listing their securities in a foreign country, (ii) a &#8220;critical information infrastructure operator&#8221; (the &#8220;CIIO&#8221;) that intends to purchase internet products and services that affect or may affect national security shall apply for a cybersecurity review and (iii) a &#8220;network platform operator&#8221; carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security shall apply for a cybersecurity review. Since the Cybersecurity Review Measures are relatively new, significant uncertainties exist in relation to their interpretation and implementation. Additionally, the Cybersecurity Review Measures do not provide the exact scope of &#8220;network platform operator&#8221; or the circumstances that would &#8220;affect or may affect national security.&#8221; </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As of the date of this annual report, we have not been required to go through a cybersecurity review by the CAC. However, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to apply for a cybersecurity review pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures in the future. To the extent any cybersecurity review is required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete it in a timely manner, or at all. Any failure to complete the required cybersecurity review may result in administrative penalties, including fines, a shut-down of our business, revocation of requisite licenses, as well as reputational damage or legal proceedings or actions against us, which may have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Compliance with the rapidly evolving landscape of global data privacy and data security laws may be challenging, and any failure or perceived failure to comply with such laws, or other concerns about our practices or policies with respect to the processing of personal information, could damage our reputation and deter current and potential customers and end users from using our platform and products and services or subject us to significant compliance costs or penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">6</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">CSRC Approval for Issuance and Listing of Securities Overseas</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and relevant supporting guidelines, collectively, the New Overseas Listing Rules, setting out new filing procedures for China-based companies seeking direct or indirect listings and offerings in overseas markets, which came into force since March 31, 2023. The New Overseas Listing Rules are applicable to PRC domestic companies that seek to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either through direct or indirect means. If an issuer meets both of the following criteria, the overseas securities offering and listing conducted by such issuer shall be deemed as an indirect overseas offering subject to the filing procedures set forth under the New Overseas Listing Rules: (i) 50% or more of the issuer&#8217;s operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent fiscal year are derived from PRC domestic companies; and (ii) the issuer&#8217;s business activities are substantially conducted in mainland China, or its principal place(s) of business are located in mainland China, or the senior managers in charge of its business operations and management are mostly Chinese citizens or domiciled in mainland China. Pursuant to the New Overseas Listing Rules, an issuer listed in an overseas market that intends to conduct any follow-on offering in the same overseas market where it has previously offered and listed securities should, through its major operating entity incorporated in the PRC, file required materials with the CSRC within three business days after the completion of such follow-on offering. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Furthermore, according to the New Overseas Listing Rules, after an issuer has completed its offering and listed its securities on an overseas stock exchange, it shall submit required reports to the CSRC within three business days after the occurrence and public disclosure of any material events, including (i) a change of control, (ii) investigations of or sanctions imposed on the issuer by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other relevant competent authorities, (iii) changes of listing status or transfers of the listing segment, (iv) a voluntary or mandatory delisting and (v) a material change in its main business operation, as a result of which that issuer is no longer subject to the filing requirements under the New Overseas Listing Rules.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The New Overseas Listing Rules provide that in the event of any breach, including any failure to fulfill the filing procedure, or any offering and listing of securities in an overseas market in violation of the measures, the CSRC will order such domestic company to rectify, issue warnings to such domestic company, and impose a fine between RMB1 million and RMB10 million. Fines and warnings will be imposed on the persons-in-charge and other persons who are directly liable. In addition, fines will also be imposed on the controlling shareholders and actual controllers of the domestic company who initiate or cause the aforesaid non-compliance activities. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;The filing, approval or other administration requirements of the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC government authorities may be required to maintain our listing status or conduct future offshore securities offerings.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">7</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">PRC Licenses, Permissions and Approvals</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the view of Jia Yuan Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel, we had complied with the relevant applicable PRC laws relating to the required licenses, permissions and approvals to business operations in China in all material respects. Our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that, to the best of their knowledge, there should be no material legal impediment for us to renew these licenses, permissions and approvals as long as we comply with the relevant legal requirements and we take all necessary steps and submit the relevant applications in accordance with the requirements and schedules prescribed by the applicable PRC laws and regulations. For details of these licenses and permissions, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;4.B. Business Overview&#8212;Licenses, Permissions and Approvals.&#8221; For the consequences to us and investors if we do not receive or maintain requisite licenses, permissions and approvals necessary to conduct operations in China, or if applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we are required to obtain additional permissions or approvals in the future, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risk Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;Any failure to maintain necessary permits and licenses to operate our business operations under applicable laws and regulations could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As described above, the PRC government has recently tightened the regulation of cybersecurity, and indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over securities offerings and other capital markets activities that are conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based companies like us. As of the date of this annual report, we have not been required to go through a cybersecurity review by the CAC, or required to obtain any permission from, or complete any filing with, the CSRC in connection with our prior public offerings or maintaining the listing status on applicable stock exchanges. Nor have we received any formal inquiry, notice, warning, sanction, or any regulatory objection in relation to cybersecurity review from the CSRC, the CAC or any other PRC regulatory agencies that have jurisdiction over our operations. Since the legislative and regulatory actions in this regard, including the release of New Overseas Listing Rules, are relatively new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation-making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our business operations, our ability to accept foreign investments and conduct follow-on offerings, and listing or continuing listing on applicable stock exchanges. For details of related risks, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;The filing, approval or other administration requirements of the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC government authorities may be required to maintain our listing status or conduct future offshore securities offerings.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">3.A.</b></span>[Reserved]</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">3.B.</b></span>Capitalization and Indebtedness</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">3.C.</b></span>Reason for the Offer and Use of Proceeds</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">3.D.</b></span>Risk Factors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Below please find a summary of the principal risks we face, organized under relevant headings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Risks Related to Our Business and Industry</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Risks and uncertainties related to our business and industry include, but are not limited to, the following:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We operate in an emerging and evolving market, which may develop differently from or more slowly than we expect. If our market does not grow as we expect, or if we cannot expand our products and services to meet the demands of this market, our revenue may decline, or fail to grow, and we may continue to incur operating losses. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">11</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We have a limited operating history, making it difficult to forecast our future results of operations. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">8</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our recent growth may not be indicative of our future growth, and we may not be able to sustain our revenue growth rate in the future. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">13</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The markets in which we operate are competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">13</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Failure to maintain, expand and optimize our customer base or strengthen customer engagement may adversely affect our business and results of operations. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">14</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">If we fail to estimate customer demand properly, our financial results could be harmed. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">14</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our use of third-party suppliers involves certain risks that may result in, among others, increased costs, disruption of supply or shortage of raw materials or inventories such as finished smart devices, quality or compliance issues, or failure by our suppliers to timely manufacture the modules and finished smart devices, any of which could materially harm our business. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page 15 of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">If we are not able to introduce new features or products successfully or to make enhancements to our existing products and services, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">16</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We rely upon third-party providers of cloud-based infrastructure to host our platform. Any disruption in the operations of these third-party providers, limitations on capacity or interference with our use, due to geopolitical tensions or business competition could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">16</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We benefit from integration of our products and services with those of our business partners. If these business partners choose not to partner with us in the future, our business and results of operations may be harmed. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">17</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Having a corporate structure being based primarily in China poses risks to investors. Risks and uncertainties related to our corporate structure and the contractual arrangements include, but are not limited to, the following:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in the VIE. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">44</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and its registered shareholders to use, or otherwise benefit from, certain licenses and approvals we may need in the future, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control and could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">45</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Any failure by the VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have an adverse effect on part of our business. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">46</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The registered shareholders of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect part of our business. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">46</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">9</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Contractual arrangements we have entered into with the VIE may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities. A finding that we owe additional taxes could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">47</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We may lose the ability to use and benefit from assets held by the VIE that are supplementary to the operation of our business if the VIE goes bankrupt or becomes subject to dissolution or liquidation proceeding. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">47</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the Foreign Investment Law and the recently amended PRC Company Law and how they may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and operations. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">47</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Risks Related to Doing Business in China</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Having the majority of our operations in China poses risks to investors:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Changes in economic, political or social conditions or government policies of China and globally could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">48</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">49</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report. </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The filing, approval or other administration requirements of the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC government authorities may be required to maintain our listing status or conduct future offshore securities offerings. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">54</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries in mainland China and Hong Kong to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of these subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">51</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">57</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Trading in our securities will be prohibited under the HFCAA if the PCAOB determines that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including our auditor as an independent registered public accounting firm, and as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as the NYSE, may determine to delist our securities. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">59</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Risks Related to Our ADSs and Class A Ordinary Shares</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition to the risks described above, we are subject to risks related to our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares, including, but are not limited to, the following:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The price and trading volume of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares may be volatile, which could lead to substantial losses to investors. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">60</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The concentration of our shares&#8217; voting power limited our shareholders&#8217; ability to influence corporate matters. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">61</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">10</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Holders of the ADSs may not have the same voting rights as the holders of our Class A ordinary shares and may not be able to exercise their right to direct how our Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs are voted. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">62</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our dual-class voting structure may render our securities ineligible for inclusion in certain stock market indices, and thus adversely affect the trading price and liquidity of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">62</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;white-space:pre-wrap;"> of this annual report.  </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our securities, the market price and trading volume for our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares could decline. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">63</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Substantial future sales or perceived sales of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares could materially and adversely affect their market price. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">63</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Techniques employed by short sellers may drive down the market price of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">63</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on a price appreciation of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares for a return on your investment. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">64</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. or Hong Kong courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">64</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigations or collect evidence within China. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">64</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We were likely a passive foreign investment company (a &#8220;PFIC&#8221;) for 2023 and there is a significant risk that we will be a PFIC for 2024 and possibly subsequent taxable years, in which case U.S. investors will generally be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. For details, see the risk factor with the same heading on page </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">69</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> of this annual report.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Risks Related to Our Business and Industry</p><a id="Weoperateinanemergingandevolvingmarketwh"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We operate in an emerging and evolving market, which may develop differently from or more slowly than we expect. If our market</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> does not grow as we expect, or if we cannot expand our products and services to meet the demands of this market, our revenue may decline, or fail to grow, and we may continue to incur operating losses.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The IoT PaaS and IoT SaaS markets are at a relatively early stage of development and are constantly evolving. There is considerable uncertainty over the size and rate at which these markets will grow, as well as whether our products and services will be widely adopted. Moreover, the IoT cloud industry, including the IoT PaaS market and the IoT SaaS market, is subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, changing regulations, as well as changing customer needs, requirements and preferences. The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes on a timely basis. If we are unable to develop and launch new products and services or provide enhancements and new features to keep pace with rapid technological and industry changes, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. If new technologies emerge that are able to deliver competitive products and services at lower prices or more efficiently or securely, such technologies could adversely impact our ability to compete effectively.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">11</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our products, services and platform must also integrate with a variety of network, hardware, software and technologies, and we need to continuously modify and enhance our products, services and platform to adapt to changes and innovation. For example, if customers adopt new software, we may be required to develop new versions of our products and services to be compatible with such new software. This development effort may require significant resources, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any failure of our products and services to operate effectively with evolving or new software and technologies could reduce the demand for our products and services. If we are unable to respond to these changes in a cost-effective manner, our products and services may become less marketable and less competitive or obsolete, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Furthermore, as we embark on the implementation of innovative business models to remain competitive and meet the evolving needs of our market, we recognize the heightened management capabilities required across various dimensions of our operations. These areas include, but are not limited to, internal team collaboration, business processes optimization, agile product development and iteration, efficient manufacturing practices, and robust management of external supplier relationships, including contract manufacturers, logistics and delivery services, and maintaining high standards of product quality. While we are actively exploring and learning to adapt to these demands, we are faced with the risk of insufficient experience and expertise in these complex areas. These gaps may lead to suboptimal progress in product development or delays in delivery, slower product iteration speeds than our competitors, failure to achieve anticipated technological upgrades, or issues with product quality that could harm our reputation among end users, consumers and partners, any of which could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the past, our business has scaled rapidly by leveraging our strong software and robust platform-based delivery capabilities. However, in the second half of 2021, the global consumer electronics sector started to experience a significant and growing supply-demand mismatch, a situation where the supply of the products available exceeds the demand, resulting in a high level of inventory of manufacturers and distributors. Several factors contributed to this mismatch, including rising shipping costs, supply chain disruptions and rising global inflation, among others, many of which are beyond our control. As a result, our customers, who are mostly consumer electronics brands and OEMs, were negatively impacted, as were our own business operations. Since 2022, the ongoing inflationary pressures and global events such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the energy shortage have further aggravated these issues. We, for the first time since our inception, experienced a decrease in our annual revenue in 2022. Amid the high global inflation, the entire industry has entered a destocking cycle. In 2023, we continued to observe a moderately declining yet persisting overall inflation, and we expect that it will continue affecting the discretionary consumer electronics spending. Due to industry-wide efforts, downstream inventory level has gradually returned to normal. As a result, downstream smart device manufacturers, brands, and retail channels have greater flexibility in their operations and procurement. However, it is uncertain whether they will increase their procurements from upstream suppliers like us, as this is subject to various factors beyond our control.</p><a id="Wehavealimitedoperatinghistorymakingitdi"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We have a limited operating history, making it difficult to forecast our future results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We commenced our operations in 2014. Our relatively limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and prospects, and to plan for our anticipated future growth. As a result of our limited operating history, our ability to accurately forecast our future results of operations is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. Our historical revenue growth should not be considered indicative of our future performance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Further, in future periods, our revenue growth could slow down or our revenue could decline for a number of reasons, including slowing demand for our offerings, increased competition, changes to technology, a decrease in the growth of our overall market, or our failure, for any reason, to continue to take advantage of growth opportunities. We have also encountered, and will continue to encounter, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties and our future revenue growth are incorrect, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations, and our business could suffer.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">12</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Ourrecentgrowthmaynotbeindicativeofourfu"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our recent growth may not be indicative of our future growth, and we may not be able to sustain our revenue growth rate in the</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> future.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have experienced rapid growth since the inception of our operations. However, you should not rely on the revenue growth of any prior quarterly or annual period as an indication of our future performance. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage our growth at the same rate as we did in the past, or avoid any decline in the future. To sustain our growth, we must attract more customers, hire additional qualified R&amp;D and other staff, expand our business, and enhance our technology infrastructure. Moreover, our current and planned staffing, systems, policies, procedures and controls may not be adequate to support our future operations. To manage our expected growth, we will also be required to improve our operational, financial and management controls and reporting systems and procedures. If we fail to efficiently manage the expansion of our business, our costs and expenses may increase faster than we planned and we may not successfully attract enough customers and end users affordably, respond quickly to competitive challenges, or otherwise execute our business strategies. Our growth requires significant financial resources and will continue to place significant demands on our management. There is no guarantee that we will be able to effectively manage any future growth in an efficient, cost-effective and timely manner, or at all. Our growth in a relatively short period of time is not necessarily indicative of results that we may achieve in the future. If we fail to effectively manage the growth of our business and operations, our reputation, results of operations and overall business and prospects could be negatively impacted.</p><a id="Themarketsinwhichweoperatearecompetitive"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The markets in which we operate are competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our business, operating results and</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> financial condition could be harmed.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The market of IoT PaaS, SaaS (including industry SaaS and other software value-added services), and smart devices are competitive and rapidly evolving. The principal competitive factors in these markets include the ability to support multiple use cases on a single platform, ease of deployment, implementation and use, platform performance, scalability and reliability, global reach, brand awareness and reputation, the strength of sales and marketing efforts, as well as the ability to ensure data security and privacy.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Some of our existing and potential competitors might have substantial competitive advantages, including larger scale, longer operating history, greater brand recognition, more established relationships with customers, suppliers, manufacturers and other business partners, and greater financial, research and development, marketing and other resources. As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or customer requirements. Our existing and potential competitors may develop and market new products and services with comparable functionality to ours, and this could force us to offer our products and services at lower prices in order to remain competitive.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Some of our competitors are able to offer products and services at lower prices than ours, which may be attractive to certain customers even if those products and services offer different or fewer functionalities. If we are unable to maintain our current pricing due to the competitive pressures, our margins will be reduced and our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected. In addition, pricing pressures and increased competition could result in reduced revenue, reduced margins, increased losses or the failure of our products and services to achieve or maintain widespread market acceptance, any of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, we are continuously exploring and promoting innovative business models designed to meet the evolving development needs of our industry. While these efforts distinguish our offerings and drive value for our customers, they also expose us to the risk of imitation and intensified business competition. Competitors may adopt similar business models or emulate our strategies, potentially coupling their efforts with aggressive pricing tactics to attract our customer base. The introduction of comparable business models by competitors may significantly impact our market position, as well as our customer retention and acquisition cost. Should our competitors succeed in offering similar or superior solutions at lower prices, we may experience a decrease in customer loyalty and engagement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">With the introduction of new products and services and new market entrants, we expect competition to intensify in the future. In addition, some of our customers may choose to use our products and services and our competitors&#8217; products and services at the same time, or choose to switch to other IoT platforms. As we expand the scope of our platform, products and services, we may face additional competition. If one or more of our competitors were to merge or partner with another of our competitors, the change in the competitive landscape could also adversely affect our ability to compete effectively.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">13</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Failuretomaintainexpandandoptimizeourcus"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Failure to maintain, expand and optimize our customer base or strengthen customer engagement may adversely affect our</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> business and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our revenue growth depends on our ability to maintain, expand and optimize our customer base. Over the past two years, the markets in which we operate have experienced various challenges and obstacles. In response, we strategically strengthen our focus on high-quality customers. This involves dedicating our sales and marketing efforts, as well as technology and customer service support to customers who have larger scale of operations, higher market share and greater resilience to economic downturns. As a result, the total number of our customers decreased from approximately 8,400 in 2021 to approximately 7,600 in 2022 and further decreased to approximately 6,100 in 2023. The total number of our IoT PaaS customers decreased from approximately 5,500 in 2021 to approximately 5,100 in 2022 and further decreased to approximately 4,000 in 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, it is crucial for us to strengthen customer engagement so that more of our customers will use our products and services more often and contribute more to our revenue growth. If our customers do not increase their use of our products and services, our revenue may not grow, and our results of operations may be harmed. However, it is difficult to predict the end users&#8217; usage levels of smart devices accurately and the loss of customers or reductions in the end users&#8217; usage levels may have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our customers may cease, or reduce their usage of our products and services due to a variety of reasons or factors, such as progress in technology that makes our products and services obsolete, a decrease in the quality of our products and services, unfounded allegations and rumors relating to the health effect of technologies such as 5G, or national security or other concerns caused by our products and services, rising raw material prices and shortage of semiconductor components, which are outside our or our customers&#8217; control. Additionally, our customers or partners, who distribute and sell their smart products using our offerings such as IoT PaaS and smart solutions for IoT devices through various sales channels, are often required to adhere to specific sales policies set by these channels covering a wide range of practices, including but not limited to marketing, pricing, and customer interaction. Failure to comply with these policies can result in penalties, including fines or, in severe cases, the termination of their ability to sell through these channels. If our customers or partners are penalized or face business shutdown due to non-compliance with these sales policies, it could result in a reduction in their purchases from us. This, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our sales volume and revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If a significant number of our customers cease using, or reduce their usage of, our products and services, or if the brands who place orders through our OEM customers cease to place orders from them, we may be required to spend significantly more on sales and marketing than we currently plan to spend in order to maintain or increase revenues. These additional expenditures could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.</p><a id="Ifwefailtoestimatecustomerdemandproperly"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If we fail to estimate customer demand properly, our financial results could be harmed.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our business involves estimates of customers&#8217; future demand. There may be a significant mismatch between supply and demand, giving rise to product shortages or excess inventory, and make our demand forecast more uncertain. Demand for our products and services is based on many factors, including our product introductions, competitor announcements, competing technologies, and power or raw material supply, among other things. These factors are often outside our and our customers&#8217; control and their impact are difficult to predict. For example, the demand and use of the chips as part of the modules where the edge capabilities of IoT PaaS are embedded have fluctuated in the past and is likely to continue to fluctuate in the future. In periods with limited supply of chips or following a significant destocking cycle in the industry, when enterprises start restocking their inventory levels, our customers may place inventory orders significantly in advance of their normal order cycle, which could increase fluctuations in our sales and revenue between periods and make it more difficult for us to estimate future customer demands. These challenges may be more pronounced in the future if the demand, downstream inventory patterns and prices of chips continue to fluctuate. In addition, to the extent our customers experience material changes in the sale of their smart devices or a high level of backlogs in inventories, they may reduce or delay purchases of our products and services, causing our estimate of customer demand to be inaccurate. In estimating demand, we make multiple assumptions, any of which may prove to be incorrect. Furthermore, to the extent we build inventory anticipating growth in customer demand, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be negatively affected if such growth does not materialize as expected.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">14</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Ouruseofthirdpartysuppliersinvolvescerta"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our use of third-party suppliers involves certain risks that may result in, among others, increased costs, disruption of supply or</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> shortage of raw materials or inventories such as finished smart devices, quality or compliance issues, or failure by our suppliers to timely manufacture the modules and finished smart devices, any of which could materially harm our business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We use third-party suppliers to manufacture the modules where edge capabilities of IoT PaaS are embedded, and in some circumstances (such as our smart device distribution business) finished smart devices. we are dependent on third-party suppliers to manufacture the modules and smart devices using their equipment and technology. Our use of such third-party suppliers who manufacture the modules and smart devices involves a number of risks, including:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">insufficient capacity or delays in meeting our demand;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">inadequate manufacturing yields, inferior quality and excessive costs;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">failure by our suppliers to manufacture products that meet the agreed-upon specifications;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">failure by our suppliers to procure raw materials and components on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or to provide or allocate adequate, or any, manufacturing or other capacity for our products;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">failure by our suppliers to comply with the relevant regulatory requirements, including those relating to the manufacturing process;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">limited warranties on products supplied to us;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">potential increases in prices;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a lack of direct control over delivery schedules or product quantity and quality;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">delays in product shipment, shortages, a decrease in product quality and/or higher expenses;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">increased exposure to potential misappropriation of our intellectual property; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">disruptions to supply chain, manufacturing process and business operation including those following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If any of our suppliers is not able to perform its manufacturing obligations in the manner, timing and quality as agreed, we may not be able to, on a timely basis, find a suitable alternative on commercially acceptable terms. Disruptions of our relationships with such suppliers could negatively impact our business operations for an extended period of time. Any inability to acquire sufficient quantities of the modules and finished smart devices in a timely manner from these third-party suppliers could have a material negative impact on our business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Components of IoT modules, smart devices and other raw materials used in our operations are periodically subject to supply shortages, and our business is subject to the risk of price increases and periodic delays in delivery. For example, the supply of chips that are essential components of IoT modules has been subject to a global shortage, due to geopolitical tensions. The chip industry has also experienced cyclical price fluctuations. While we believe that as of the date of this annual report, such chip shortage, or any increase in the price of chips, has not had a material negative impact on our business operations, there is no assurance that we will be able to continue to secure adequate chip supply at commercially reasonable cost for our operations. If we fail to secure sufficient chip supply, we may have to secure alternative suppliers or find alternative supplies or technologies, which could be costly, time consuming, and may not be successful. To the extent the chip shortage deteriorates or becomes longer-term in nature, we may experience significant delays in our delivery to customers and our business operations and prospects may be negatively impacted.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">15</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Ifwearenotabletointroducenewfeaturesorpr"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If we are not able to introduce new features or products successfully or to make enhancements to our existing products and</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> services, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">To attract new customers and end users and keep our existing ones engaged, we must introduce new products and services and upgrade our existing offerings to meet their evolving preferences. It is difficult to predict the preferences of a particular customer or a specific group of customers. Changes and upgrades to our existing products may not be well received by our customers and end users, and newly introduced products or services may not achieve success as expected. For example, we may introduce new SaaS products for new industry verticals such as the home energy management system and mini-programs for the energy-saving sector, with which we have little or no prior experience. Such efforts may require us to contribute a substantial amount of additional human capital and financial resources. We cannot assure you that any of such new products will achieve market acceptance or generate sufficient revenue to adequately compensate the costs and expenses incurred in relation to our development and promotion efforts. Enhancements and new products and services that we develop may not be introduced in a timely or cost-effective manner, may contain errors or defects, may have interoperability difficulties with our platform or other products and services or may not achieve the broad market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenue. If we fail to improve our existing products and introduce new ones in a timely or cost-effective manner, our ability to attract and retain customers and end users may be impaired, and our financial performance and prospects may be adversely affected.</p><a id="Werelyuponthirdpartyprovidersofcloudbase"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We rely upon third-party providers of cloud-based infrastructure to host our platform. Any disruption in the operations of these</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> third-party providers, limitations on capacity or interference with our use, due to geopolitical tensions or business competition could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We currently serve our customers and end users from data centers in China, the United States, Europe and India. We also use various third-party cloud-hosting providers such as AWS, Microsoft Azure and Tencent Cloud to provide cloud infrastructure for our platform. Our IoT PaaS and Industry SaaS products and value-added services rely on the operations of this infrastructure. We do not control, or in some cases have limited control over, the operation of the data center facilities we use. Customers expect to access our platform at any time, without interruption or degradation of performance, and we provide a few customers with service-level commitments with respect to uptime. Any limitation on the capacity of our data centers or cloud infrastructure could impede our ability to onboard new customers or expand the usage of our existing customers, host our products or serve our customers, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any incident and technical failure affecting our data centers or cloud infrastructure that may be caused by cyberattacks, natural disasters, fire, flood, severe storm, earthquake, power loss, outbreaks of contagious diseases, telecommunications failures, terrorist or other attacks, or other events beyond our control could negatively affect the cloud-based portion of our platform. A prolonged service disruption affecting our data centers or cloud-based services for any of the foregoing reasons would negatively impact our ability to serve our customers and could damage our reputation with current and potential customers, expose us to liability, cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business. We may also incur significant costs for using alternative providers or taking other actions in preparation for, or in response to, events that damage the third-party hosting services we use.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The global landscape of cloud services is subject to the influence of geopolitical factors, including international trade disputes, sanctions, and national security concerns, which could impact the availability, reliability, and cost of cloud infrastructure services. Additionally, the competitive dynamics in the cloud services market and potential commercial conflicts of interest could lead to changes in service terms, pricing, availability or even termination of service agreements, particularly if our providers engage in business activities similar to ours and become direct competitors. Any limitation on the capacity of our cloud infrastructure, or any interruption caused by geopolitical events, trade restrictions, or competitive actions in the cloud market, could impede our ability to onboard new customers or expand the usage among existing customers, host our products, or serve our customers effectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the event that our service agreements relating to our data centers or cloud infrastructure are terminated, or there is a lapse of service, elimination of services or features that we utilize, interruption of internet service provider connectivity or damage to such facilities, we could experience interruptions in access to our platform, as well as significant delays and additional expense in arranging or creating new facilities and services or rebuilding our platform for deployment on a different data center provider or cloud infrastructure service provider, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">16</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Webenefitfromintegrationofourproductsand"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We benefit from integration of our products and services with those of our business partners. If these business partners choose not</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> to partner with us in the future, our business and results of operations may be harmed.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We benefit from integration of our products and services with those of our business partners, such as the providers of cloud services used to support our platform. If entities who serve as our business partners change their cooperation model with us, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. We may also face competition from our business partners in a number of areas, including innovations in our businesses. Such competition may adversely affect our competitive position, business prospects and our relationship with our business partners. It may be necessary in the future to renegotiate agreements relating to various aspects of these collaborations or business partnerships. In addition, if our business partners choose not to partner with us, or choose to form collaborations with our competitors&#8217; platforms, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Compliance with the rapidly evolving landscape of global data privacy and data security laws may be challenging, and any failure or perceived failure to comply with such laws, or other concerns about our practices or policies with respect to the processing of personal information, could damage our reputation and deter current and potential customers and end users from using our platform and products and services or subject us to significant compliance costs or penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Failure to comply with the increasing number of data protection laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate, as well as concerns about our practices with regard to the collection, use, storage, retention, transfer, disclosure and other processing of personal information, the security of personal information, the use of biometric information or other privacy-related matters, such as cybersecurity breaches, misuse of personal information and data sharing without necessary safeguards, including concerns from our customers, employees and third parties with whom we conduct business, even if unfounded, could damage our reputation and operating results. As we seek to expand our business, we are, and may increasingly become, subject to various laws, regulations and standards, as well as contractual obligations, relating to data privacy and security in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The regulatory and legal frameworks regarding data privacy and security issues in many jurisdictions are constantly evolving and developing and can be subject to significant changes from time to time, including in ways that may result in conflicting requirements among various jurisdictions. Interpretation and implementation standards and enforcement practices are similarly in a state of flux and are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. As a result, we may not be able to comprehensively assess the scope and extent of our compliance responsibility at a global level, and may fail to fully comply with the applicable data privacy and security laws, regulations and standards. Moreover, these laws, regulations and standards may be interpreted and applied differently over time and from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and it is possible that they will be interpreted and applied in ways that may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">PR</i><i style="font-style:italic;">C</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In recent years, the PRC government has increasingly tightened the regulation of cybersecurity and the storage, sharing, use, disclosure and protection of data and personal information. The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People&#8217;s Congress (the &#8220;SCNPC&#8221;) has come into force on June 1, 2017. In addition, the Data Security Law of PRC, or the Data Security Law, was promulgated by the SCNPC on June 10, 2021 and took effect on September 1, 2021.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">17</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Numerous laws, regulations, guidelines and other measures have been or are expected to be adopted pursuant to the guidelines of, or in addition to, the Cybersecurity Law and Data Security Law. These include, for example, the draft Measures on Security Assessment of Cross-Border Transfer of Personal Information and Important Data released in April 2017, the draft Measures on Security Assessment of Cross-Border Transfer of Personal Information released in June 2019, and the Personal Information Protection Law, or the Personal Information Protection Law, which was released on August 20, 2021 and became effective on November 1, 2021. Specifically, on July 7, 2022, the CAC released the Measures on Security Assessments for the Cross-border Transfer of Data, which is applicable to cross-border transfers of personal information and important data collected and generated in China under certain circumstances. While we do not believe our current business involves any transmission, use and exchange of information that comes under the definition of &#8220;cross-border transfers of personal information and important data&#8221; under the foregoing laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that the PRC regulatory authorities will not take a view contrary to ours, thus requiring us to comply with applicable data localization, security assessment and other requirements under these proposed laws and regulations. As our business continues to grow, there may arise circumstances where we engage in such cross-border transfers of personal information and important data, including in order to satisfy the legal and regulatory requirements, in which case we may need to comply with the foregoing requirements as well as any other limitations under PRC laws then applicable. Complying with these laws and requirements could cause us to incur substantial expenses or require us to alter or change our practices in ways that could harm our business. Additionally, to the extent we are found to be not in compliance with these laws and requirements, we may be subject to fines, regulatory orders to suspend our operations or other regulatory and disciplinary sanctions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On July 30, 2021, the State Council of the PRC promulgated the Provisions on Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure, or the CII Protection Regulations, which became effective on September 1, 2021. Pursuant to the CII Protection Regulations, &#8220;critical information infrastructures&#8221; (&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">CIIs</b>&#8221;) refer to any important network facilities or information systems of the important industry or field such as public communication and information service, energy, communications, water conservation, finance, public services, e-government affairs and national defense science, which may endanger national security, people&#8217;s livelihood and public interest in case of damage, function loss or data leakage. In addition, relevant administration departments of each critical industry and sector shall be responsible for formulating eligibility criteria and identifying the CIIOs in the respective industry or sector, and the CIIOs shall be responsible for protecting the CIIs&#8217; security by performing certain prescribed obligations. As of the date of this annual report, we have not been informed by CAC or any other PRC government authorities that we are identified or will be deemed as a CIIO. However, since the criteria for determining CIIOs remain uncertain, we cannot assure you that we will not be identified as a CIIO by any competent regulatory authority in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On December 28, 2021, the CAC and several other administrations jointly promulgated the Measures for Cybersecurity Review, or the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective on February 15, 2022. The Cybersecurity Review Measures provide that (i) a &#8220;network platform operator&#8221; holding over one million users&#8217; personal information shall apply for a cybersecurity review when listing their securities in a foreign country, (ii) a CIIO that intends to purchase internet products and services that affect or may affect national security shall apply for a cybersecurity review and (iii) a &#8220;network platform operator&#8221; carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security shall apply for a cybersecurity review. Since the Cybersecurity Review Measures are relatively new, significant uncertainties exist in relation to their interpretation and implementation. Additionally, the Cybersecurity Review Measures do not provide the exact scope of &#8220;network platform operator&#8221; or the circumstances that would &#8220;affect or may affect national security.&#8221; There can be no assurance that we will not be required to apply for a cybersecurity review pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures. To the extent any cybersecurity review is required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete it in a timely manner, or at all. Any failure to complete the required cybersecurity review may result in regulatory sanctions including, among others, government enforcement actions and investigations, fines, penalties, and suspension of our non-compliant operations, as well as reputational damage or legal proceedings or actions against us, any of which may have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">18</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, on November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Regulations on the Administration of Cyber Data Security (Draft for Comments) (the &#8220;Draft Cyber Data Security Regulation&#8221;), which has not been officially enacted as of the date of this annual report. According to the Draft Cyber Data Security Regulation, data processors shall apply for a cybersecurity review when carrying out the following activities: (i) the merger, reorganization or division of internet platform operators that have acquired a large number of data resources related to national security, economic development or public interests, which affect or may affect national security; (ii) data processors that handle personal information of more than one million people contemplating to list its securities on a &#8220;foreign&#8221; stock exchange; (iii) data processors contemplating to list its securities on a stock exchange in Hong Kong, which affects or may affect national security; and (iv) other data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. According to the PRC National Security Law, &#8220;national security&#8221; refers to a status in which the regime, sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, welfare of the people, sustainable economic and social development, and other vital interests of the state are relatively not in danger and not threatened internally or externally and the ability to maintain a sustained security status. However, as of the date of this annual report, the criteria for determining the circumstances that &#8220;affect or may affect national security&#8221; for the purpose of the Draft Cyber Data Security Regulation remain unclear and are subject to further clarification by the CAC. It also remains uncertain when the Draft Cyber Data Security Regulation will be adopted and become effective and whether it will be adopted in its current draft form. It remains uncertain whether future regulatory changes would impose additional restrictions on us. We cannot predict the impact of the Draft Cyber Data Security Regulation, if any, at this stage, and we will closely monitor and assess any development in the rulemaking process. If the enacted version of the Draft Cyber Data Security Regulation mandates clearance of a cybersecurity review and other specific actions to be completed by China-based companies listed on a foreign stock exchange like us, we face uncertainties as to whether such clearance can be timely obtained, or at all.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">EU and U.K.</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">GDPR</b>&#8221;), which applies to the collection, use, storage, retention, transfer, disclosure and other processing of personal data obtained from individuals located in the European Union (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">EU</b>&#8221;) or by businesses operating within the EU, became effective on May 25, 2018 and has resulted, and will continue to result, in significantly greater compliance burdens and costs for companies with customers, end users, or operations in the EU. The GDPR places stringent obligations and operational requirements on us as both a processor and controller of personal data and could make it more difficult or more costly for us to use and share personal data. Under the GDPR, data protection supervisory authorities are given various enforcement powers, including levying fines of up to &#8364;20 million or up to 4% of an organization&#8217;s annual worldwide turnover, whichever is greater, for the preceding financial year, for non-compliance. Data subjects also have the right to be compensated for damages suffered as a result of a controller or processor&#8217;s non-compliance with the GDPR. While the GDPR provides a more harmonized approach to data protection regulation across the EU member states, it also gives EU member states certain areas of discretion and therefore laws and regulations in relation to certain data processing activities may differ on a member state by member state basis, which could further limit our ability to use and share personal data and could require localized changes to our operating model. In addition to the GDPR, the EU also has released a proposed Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communications, or the ePrivacy Regulation, to replace the EU&#8217;s current Privacy and Electronic Communications Directive, or the ePrivacy Directive, to, among other things, better align EU member states and the rules governing online tracking technologies and electronic communications, such as unsolicited marketing and cookies, with the requirements of the GDPR. While the ePrivacy Regulation was originally intended to be adopted on May 25, 2018 (alongside the GDPR), it is currently going through the European legislative process and timing for adoption remains unclear. The current draft of the ePrivacy Regulation significantly increases fining powers to the same levels as GDPR and may require us to change our operational model and incur additional compliance expenses. The regulation is currently in the final stages of negotiation, and the details of this regulation remain in flux. Additional time and effort may need to be spent addressing the new requirements in the potential ePrivacy Regulation as compared to the GDPR.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the GDPR, restrictions are placed on transfers of personal data outside of the European Economic Area to countries which have not been deemed &#8220;adequate&#8221; by the European Commission (including the PRC). As a global business, with customers and end users worldwide, we are susceptible to any changes in legal requirements affecting international data flows. Due to recent regulatory changes and guidance, we may need to invest in additional technical, legal and organization safeguards in the future to avoid disruptions to data flows within our business and to and from our customers and service providers. Furthermore, this uncertainty, and its eventual resolution, may increase our costs of compliance, impede our ability to transfer data and conduct our business, and harm our business or results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">19</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Additionally, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (&#8220;U.K.&#8221;) from the EU (commonly known as &#8220;Brexit&#8221;) has created uncertainty with regard to the regulation of privacy and data protection in the U.K. Since January 1, 2021, when the transitional period following Brexit expired, the so-called U.K. GDPR (combining the GDPR and the U.K.&#8217;s Data Protection Act of 2018) has been in effect in the U.K. Although the U.K. GDPR currently imposes substantially the same obligations as the GDPR, and currently authorizes similar fines, the U.K. GDPR will not automatically incorporate changes to the GDPR going forward (which would need to be specifically incorporated by the U.K. government). Moreover, the U.K. government has publicly announced plans to reform the U.K. GDPR in ways that, if formalized, are likely to deviate from the GDPR. While the European Commission has issued an &#8220;adequacy&#8221; decision to the U.K., which facilitates the sharing of personal data between the EU and the U.K. for the time being, such adequacy decision will sunset in June 2025 unless extended and it may be revoked in the future by the European Commission if the U.K. data protection regime is reformed in ways that deviate substantially from the level of protection currently in place. Adding further complexity for international data flows, in March 2022, the U.K. adopted its own International Data Transfer Agreement for transfers of personal data out of the U.K. to so-called third countries, as well as an international data transfer addendum that can be used with GDPR&#8217;s standard contractual clauses for the same purpose. All of this creates a risk of divergent parallel regimes and related uncertainty, along with the potential for increased compliance costs and risks for affected businesses based on differing, interpretation and enforcement by regulators and authorities. For details of related regulations, see &#8220;Regulation&#8212;Regulation Relating to Cybersecurity, Data Security and Privacy Protection.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">United States</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the United States, various federal regulators, including governmental agencies like the Federal Trade Commission, and states and state regulators have adopted, or are considering adopting, laws and regulations concerning personal data and data security, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, of 2018 (as modified by the California Privacy Rights Act, collectively &#8220;CCPA&#8221;). This patchwork of legislation and regulation may give rise to conflicts or differing views of personal privacy rights. For example, certain state laws may be more stringent or broader in scope, or offer greater individual rights, with respect to personal data than federal, international or other state laws, and such laws may differ from each other, all of which may complicate compliance efforts. One such comprehensive privacy law in the United States is the CCPA, which came into effect on January 1, 2020 and was significantly amended as of January 1, 2023. Among other things, the CCPA requires companies that process personal information of California residents to make detailed disclosures to consumers about such companies&#8217; data collection, use and sharing practices, gives California residents expanded rights to access and delete their personal information and to opt out of certain personal information sharing with (and sales of personal information to) third parties. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal data that may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. Additionally, the CCPA expands consumers&#8217; rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information, further restricts the use of cross-context behavioral advertising and creates a state agency, the California Privacy Protection Agency, to oversee implementation and enforcement efforts. Amendments have been made to the CCPA, and it is possible that further amendments will be enacted, but even in its current form it remains unclear how various provisions of the CCPA will be interpreted and enforced potentially resulting in further uncertainty and requiring us to incur additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply. Other state laws are changing rapidly and there have been ongoing discussions and proposals in the U.S. Congress with respect to new federal data privacy and security laws to which we would become subject if enacted. All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time, may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies, divert resources from other initiatives and projects, and could restrict the way products and services involving data are offered, all of which may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For details of related regulations, see &#8220;Regulation&#8212;Regulation Relating to Cybersecurity, Data Security and Privacy Protection.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">20</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition to government regulation, privacy advocates and industry groups have and may in the future propose self-regulatory standards from time to time. These and other industry standards may legally or contractually apply to us, or we may elect to comply with such standards. We expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws and regulations concerning data privacy and security, and we cannot yet determine the impact such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. New laws, amendments to or reinterpretations of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations may require us to incur additional costs and restrict our business operations. For example, there is an increasing trend of jurisdictions requiring data localization, which may prohibit companies from storing data relating to resident individuals in data centers outside the relevant jurisdiction or, at a minimum, require a complete set of the data to be stored in data centers within the relevant jurisdiction. Because the interpretation and application of laws, regulations, standards and other obligations relating to data privacy and security are still uncertain, it is possible that these laws, regulations, standards and other obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data processing practices and policies or the features of our products and services. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines, lawsuits, complaints, inquiries, allegations, regulatory investigations, public censure, other claims and penalties, and significant costs for remediation and damage to our reputation, we could be materially and adversely affected if legislation or regulations are expanded to require changes in our data processing practices and policies or if governing jurisdictions interpret or implement their legislation or regulations in ways that negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the developing requirements relating to clear and prominent privacy notices (including in the context of obtaining informed and specific consents to the collection and processing of personal information, where applicable) may potentially deter end users from consenting to certain uses of their personal information.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In general, negative publicity of us or our industry regarding actual or perceived violations of our end users&#8217; privacy-related rights, including fines and enforcement actions against us or other similarly placed businesses, also may impair users&#8217; trust in our privacy practices and make them reluctant to give their consent to share their data with us. Any inability to adequately address data privacy or security-related concerns, complaints, inquiries or allegations when they arise, even if unfounded, or to comply with applicable laws, regulations, standards and other obligations relating to data privacy and security, could result in additional cost and liability to us, harm our reputation and brand, damage our relationships with consumers and have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, due to data privacy or data security concerns, our ability to retain or increase our user base and user engagement may be materially and adversely affected, we may not be able to maintain or grow our revenues as anticipated and our financial results could be materially and adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">With regard to our commercial arrangements, we and our counterparties, including business partners and external service providers, might be subject to contractual obligations regarding the processing of personal information. While we believe our and our counterparties&#8217; conduct under these agreements is in material compliance with all applicable laws, regulations, standards, certifications and orders relating to data privacy or security, we or our counterparties may fail, or be alleged to have failed, to be in full compliance. In the event that our acts or omissions result in alleged or actual failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations, standards, certifications and orders relating to data privacy or security, we may incur liability. While we endeavor to include indemnification provisions or other protections in such agreements to mitigate liability and losses stemming from our counterparties&#8217; acts or omissions, we may not always be able to negotiate for such protections and, even where we can, there is no guarantee that our counterparties will honor such provisions or that such protections will cover the full scope of our liabilities and losses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">While we strive to comply with our internal data privacy guidelines as well as all applicable data privacy and security laws and regulations and contractual obligations in respect of personal information, there is no assurance that we are able to comply with these laws, regulations and contractual obligations in all respects. Any failure or perceived failure by us, external service providers or business partners to comply may result in proceedings or actions against us, including fines and penalties or enforcement orders (including orders to cease processing activities) being levied on us by government agencies or proceedings or actions against us by our business partners, customers or end users, including class action privacy litigation in certain jurisdictions, and could damage our reputation and discourage current and future users from using our products and services, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, compliance with applicable laws on data privacy requires substantial expenditure and resources, including to continually evaluate our policies and processes and adapt to new requirements that are or become applicable to us on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis, which would impose significant burdens and costs on our operations or may require us to alter our business practices. Concerns about the security of personal information also could lead to a decline in general internet usage, which could result in a decrease in demand for our products and services and have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, if the local government authorities in our target markets require real-name registration for users of our platform, the growth of our customer and end-user bases may slow down and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">21</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The expansion of our international operations exposes us to significant regulatory, economic and political risks.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Expansion of our operations and customer base worldwide is essential to our growth strategy. We operate internationally with local offices in the United States, Europe, Singapore, India, China, Japan and Colombia among other locations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We expect that our international activities will continue to grow over the foreseeable future as we continue to pursue opportunities in existing and new markets, which will require significant management attention and financial resources worldwide. In connection with such expansion, we may face difficulties including costs associated with varying seasonality patterns, potential adverse movement of currency exchange rates, longer payment cycle, difficulties in collecting accounts receivable in some countries, the imposition of new tariffs, or adjustments in existing tariffs or trade barriers, a variety of regulatory or contractual limitations on our ability to operate, adverse tax events, reduced protection of intellectual property rights in some countries, political risks and a geographically and culturally diverse workforce and customer base. Failure to overcome any of these difficulties could harm our business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, we will face risks in doing business internationally that could adversely affect our business, including:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">difficulties in managing and staffing international operations and the increased operations, travel, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with numerous international locations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">challenges to our corporate culture resulting from a dispersed workforce;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to effectively price our products in competitive international markets;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">foreign ownership restrictions;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">potentially greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable and longer payment cycles;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the need to adapt and localize our products and services for specific countries;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">difficulties in understanding and complying with local laws, regulations and customs in foreign jurisdictions, including those governing competition, pricing, internet activities, cybersecurity and data protection, employment and labor laws, privacy, collection, use, processing, or sharing of personal information, intellectual property, and other activities important to our business;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">difficulties with differing technical and environmental standards, privacy, cybersecurity, data protection and telecommunications regulations and certification requirements across multiple jurisdictions, which could prevent customers from deploying our products and services or limit their usage;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">difficulties in understanding, and adapting our products and services to, local end users&#8217; habits and preferences;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the effect of differing governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic or other epidemics and any continuing impact of the pandemic on individuals, businesses and economies in various foreign jurisdictions;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the complexities of complying with current and future export controls and economic sanctions administered by the Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security and the Treasury Department&#8217;s Office of Foreign Assets Control and other relevant sanctions authorities;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">uncertainties arising from sanctions and regulations from United States, the European Union or other foreign jurisdictions.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">tariffs and other non-tariff trade barriers, such as quotas and local content rules;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">more limited protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">adverse tax consequences;</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">22</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could increase the price of our products and services in certain markets, increase the purchase price of raw materials and inventories, increase the cost of components and services used in our operations, including cloud infrastructure services, and increase the expenses of our international operations and expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk or the cost and risk of hedging transactions if we choose to enter into such transactions in the future;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">currency control regulations, which might restrict or prohibit our conversion of other currencies into RMB and/or U.S. dollars; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">restrictions on the transfer of funds across borders.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As we operate across various countries and regions, we are subject to a complex web of data security laws and regulatory requirements. These laws and regulations vary significantly from one jurisdiction to another, and often, there can be overlaps or direct conflicts between the data protection frameworks of different countries and regions. Managing compliance with these diverse regulatory landscapes poses a substantial challenge. Failure to navigate these jurisdictional overlaps or address regulatory conflicts could result in a range of adverse outcomes, including but not limited to business interruptions, the termination of critical services in certain regions, or the imposition of fines and penalties. Additionally, any perceived or actual non-compliance could harm our reputation, eroding trust among customers, users and partners, and potentially leading to decreased adoption of our platform.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our international operations, and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In some cases, compliance with the laws and regulations of one country could violate the laws and regulations of another country. As our global operations evolve, we cannot assure you that we are able to fully comply with the legal requirements of each jurisdiction and successfully adapt our business models to local market conditions. Due to the complexity involved in our international business expansion, we cannot assure you that we are or will be in compliance with all local laws.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our and our business partners&#8217; operations and it, or any future health epidemic or other adverse public </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">health</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> developments, may continue to do so.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The COVID-19 pandemic has in the past caused temporary disruption to our operations and those of our customers, suppliers and other business partners. For example, the pandemic has caused significant logistical challenges to the global supply chains, resulting in disrupted shipping lanes, labor and material shortages and weakened consumer demand for smart devices, all of which have negatively impacted our business and results of operations. Travel restrictions and social distancing guidelines imposed by governments globally have also reduced international travels and in-person meetings, which in turn have limited our ability to engage in in-person marketing with brands, particularly those brands based in the United States and Europe. In addition, the economic downturn due to COVID-19 has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect our customers&#8217; ability to pay and customer demand for and end user usage of our products and services, which would adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If we fail to manage the operation of our platform and infrastructure, our customers and end users may experience service outages and delays in the deployment of our products and services.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We seek to maintain sufficient excess capacity on our cloud platform to meet the needs of all of our customers and end users. We also seek to maintain excess capacity to facilitate the rapid provision of new customer deployments and the expansion of existing customer deployments. In addition, we need to properly manage our technological operations infrastructure and cloud platform, and to respond to security threats, cyberattacks and performance and reliability problems that may arise from time to time, in order to support version control, changes in hardware and software parameters and the evolution of our products and services. However, the provision of new hosting infrastructure requires adequate lead time. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, system disruptions, outages and other performance problems. These types of problems may be caused by a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, viruses, security attacks, fraud, spikes in customer and end user usage and denial of service issues. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">23</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Further, if our contractual and other business relationships with our cloud infrastructure providers are terminated, suspended, or suffer a material change to which we are unable to adapt, such as the elimination of services or features on which we depend, we could be unable to provide our platform and could experience significant delays and incur additional expense in transitioning customers to a different cloud infrastructure provider. Any difficulties these providers face, including the potential of certain network traffic receiving priority over other traffic (i.e., lack of net neutrality), may adversely affect our business, and we exercise little control over these providers, which increases our vulnerability to problems with the services they provide. Any disruptions, outages, defects, and other performance and quality problems with our platform or with our products and services and internet infrastructure on which they rely, or any material change in our contractual and other business relationships with our cloud infrastructure providers, could result in reduced use of our platform, increased expenses, including service credit obligations, and harm to our brand and reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Defects, errors or any other problems associated with our products and services could diminish demand for our products or services, harm our business </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">and</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> results of operations and subject us to liability.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our customers may use our products and services for important aspects of their businesses or operations, and any errors, defects or disruptions to our products and services and any other performance problems with our products and services could damage our customers&#8217; businesses and operations and, in turn, hurt our brand and reputation. We provide regular updates to our products and services, which have in the past contained, and may in the future contain, undetected errors, failures, vulnerabilities and bugs, especially when first introduced or released. Real or perceived errors, failures, bugs or security vulnerabilities in our products could result in negative publicity, loss of or delay in market acceptance of our platform, loss of competitive position, lower customer retention or claims by customers for losses sustained by them. In such an event, we may be required, or may choose, for customer relations or other reasons, to expend additional resources in order to help correct the problem. As a result, our reputation and our brand could be harmed, and our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected. Moreover, the edge capabilities of IoT PaaS are embedded in modules manufactured by certain third-party suppliers; we also use third-party suppliers to manufacture the finished smart devices for our smart device distribution customers. Such modules and finished smart devices may contain defects, errors or other product issues, which may negatively impact the performance of our platform, our products and services, and Tuya-powered smart devices, damage our reputation, harm our ability to attract new and existing customers, and incur significant support, repair or replacement costs even if we can be reimbursed from the third-party suppliers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Moreover, the edge capabilities of IoT PaaS are embedded in modules manufactured by certain third-party suppliers. We also engage third-party suppliers to manufacture the finished smart devices for our smart device distribution customers, and our smart solutions for IoT devices are delivered to our customers in the form of finished smart devices that are manufactured by third-party suppliers. Such modules and finished smart devices may contain defects, errors or other product issues due to various factors such as design flaws, defects in software, raw materials, components or manufacturing difficulties, which can affect both the quality and the yield of the product, and since some of smart devices using our smart solution are electricity-related devices or to be used in a renewable energy-related scenarios, it is possible that these products could result in injury, whether by product malfunctions, defects, improper installation, or other causes. These events may negatively impact the performance of our platform, our products and services, and Tuya-powered smart devices, damage our reputation, harm our ability to attract new and existing customers, and incur significant support, repairment or replacement costs even if we can be reimbursed from the third-party suppliers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We generate a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of major customers and any loss of business from these customers could have a negative impact on our revenues and harm our business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We derive a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of major customers. Our five largest customers in the aggregate accounted for approximately 17.2%, 11.7% and 13.1% of our total revenue in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Our ability to maintain close relationships with major customers is essential to the success of our business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">However, the purchase orders placed by specific customers may vary from period to period, and we typically do not have long-term purchase commitments from customers not enrolled in our membership program. As a result, most of our customers could reduce or cease their use of our products and services at any time without any penalty or termination charges. A major customer may not contribute the same level of our revenue in one year as in any previous years. In addition, reliance on any individual customer that contributes a significant portion of our revenue may increase such customer&#8217;s pricing leverage when negotiating relevant terms or contracts of our products or services.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">24</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Many factors not within our control could cause the loss of, or reduction in, business or revenue from any customer, and these factors are not predictable. These factors include, among others, pricing pressure from competitors, a change in a customer&#8217;s business strategy, rising raw material prices, or failure of a chip or module supplier to develop competitive products. Our customers may choose to pursue alternative technologies and develop alternative products in addition to, or in lieu of, our products, either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors. The loss of any major customer, or a significant decrease in the volume of customer demand or the price at which we sell our products to customers, could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We have a history of net loss and net cash operating outflow and may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have experienced net loss in each year since inception. We generated net losses of US$175.4 million, US$146.2 million and US$60.3 million in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. We expect to continue to devote significant resources to research and development activities. We also expect to continue to incur substantial sales and marketing expenses in acquiring and retaining customers and enhancing our brand awareness, and incur substantial general and administrative expenses including those associated with operating as a public company. We may not be able to increase our revenue enough to offset the increase in operating expenses resulting from these investments. If we are unable to achieve and sustain profitability, or if we are unable to achieve the revenue growth that we expect from these investments, the value of our business and stock may decrease.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Additionally, we recorded net cash operating outflow of US$126.1 million and US$70.7 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Although, for the first time since our inception, we recorded an annual net cash operating inflow of US$36.4 million in 2023, we may still experience quarterly or yearly net cash operating outflow in the future if we fail to grow our business or properly manage our operating leverage.If so, our business, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. There is no assurance that we will always generate sufficient net income or operating cash flows to meet our working capital requirements and repay our liabilities as they become due, due to a variety of factors. For actions we intend to take to finance our future working capital requirements and capital expenditures, see &#8220;Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects&#8212;5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.&#8221; There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully take any of these actions in a timely manner, including prudently managing our working capital, or raising additional equity or debt financing on terms that are acceptable to us. Our failure to take these actions as and when necessary could materially adversely affect our liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and ability to operate.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We cannot guarantee that our future monetization strategies will be successfully implemented or generate sustainable revenues and profit.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have developed a diversified revenue model and plan to explore additional opportunities to monetize our customer base and technology by, for example, promoting additional value-added services to end users to generate more subscription fees. If these efforts fail to achieve our anticipated results, we may not be able to increase or maintain our revenue growth. Specifically, in order to increase the number of our customers and end users and their levels of spending, we will need to address a number of challenges, including providing consistent quality products and services; continuing to innovate and stay ahead of our competitors; and improving the effectiveness and efficiency of our sales and marketing efforts. If we fail to address any of these challenges, we may not be successful in increasing the number of our customers and end users and their expenditures with us, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our results may fluctuate from period to period, and if we fail to meet securities analysts&#8217; and investors&#8217; expectations, the trading price of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares and the value of your investment could decline substantially.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our operating results have fluctuated from period to period and may continue to fluctuate in the future as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict, correlate, or anticipate even when external indicators are present. For example, our business model is based in large part on our ability to accurately estimate customer demands, which may constrain our ability to forecast our revenue. If operating results for any particular period fall below securities analysts&#8217; and investors&#8217; expectations, then the trading price of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares could decline substantially. Some factors that may cause our operating results to fluctuate from period to period include:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to attract, retain and increase revenue from customers and end users;</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">25</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">market acceptance of our products and services and our ability to introduce new products and services and enhance existing products and services;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">competition and the actions of our competitors, including pricing changes, the introduction of new products and services, and expansion into new geographies;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to control costs and operating expenses, including the fees that we pay cloud infrastructure providers, chip and module suppliers, outsourcing manufacturing suppliers or OEMs who manufacture smart devices for our smart solutions business;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">changes in our pricing as a result of our negotiations with our larger customers or our optimization efforts or otherwise;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the rate of expansion and productivity of our sales force;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">change in the mix of products and services that our customers and end users use;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">changes in end user and customer demand as end users increase or decrease their demand for smart home products, or other products and services, due to the imposition or easing of stay-at-home, travel and other government mandates in response to disease outbreaks, such as the Covid-19 pandemic or future epidemics and public health crisis;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the expansion of our business, particularly in international markets;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, particularly the U.S. federal funds rate;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">changes in laws, regulations or regulatory enforcement, in China, the United States or other countries and regions, that impact our ability to market, sell or deliver our products;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">significant security breaches of, technical difficulties with, or interruptions to, the delivery and use of our products and services on our platform;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">allegations, even if not supported by fact or based on isolated incidents, relating to cybersecurity events relating to our business operations or our unauthorized use, misuse or disclosure of personal information or other sensitive information;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">general economic and political conditions that may adversely affect a prospective customer&#8217;s ability or willingness to adopt our products and services, delay a prospective customer&#8217;s adoption decision, reduce the revenue that we generate from their use of our products and services, or impact customer retention;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">extraordinary expenses such as litigation or other dispute-related settlement payments;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">sales tax and other tax determinations by authorities in jurisdictions where we conduct business;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the impact of new accounting pronouncements;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">expenses incurred in connection with mergers, acquisitions or other strategic transactions and integrating acquired business, technologies, services, products and other assets; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">fluctuations in share-based compensation expenses.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The occurrence of one or more of the foregoing and other factors may cause our operating results to vary significantly. As such, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. If we fail to meet or exceed the expectations of investors or securities analysts, then the trading price of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares could fall substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">26</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are subject to potential misuse of our platform, tools, and services.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We provide an advanced platform and suite of software development tools, products, and services designed to enable developers to create innovative smart devices. While we strive to foster innovation and support the development of high-quality smart devices, there is a risk that developers might use our platform, tools, products, or services improperly. Such improper use could include, but is not limited to, the creation of devices or applications that are harmful, infringe upon intellectual property rights, violate privacy regulations, or are used for illicit purposes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Despite implementing terms of service and usage policies, it is challenging to completely mitigate the risk of misuse by all users. Any failure to detect, prevent, or address misuse promptly could harm our reputation among customers, developers, and industry partners. Negative public perception, particularly if amplified by social media or traditional news outlets, could result in decreased user engagement, reluctance of developers to use our platform, and potential legal and regulatory challenges. Moreover, should any misuse of our platform lead to litigation, regulatory scrutiny, or government action, we could incur significant legal expenses and potential fines, further impacting our financial performance. Additionally, rectifying any issues arising from such misuse may require substantial resources and lead to service interruptions, undermining the trust of our user base and potentially causing long-term harm to our brand.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Any failure to effectively develop and expand our marketing and sales capabilities could harm our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our products and services.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Historically, we have relied on the adoption of our products and services by developers through our self-service portal as well as more targeted sales efforts. Our ability to further increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our platform will significantly depend on our ability to expand our marketing and sales operations. We plan to maintain an appropriate number of sales people both domestically and internationally. We also plan to dedicate appropriate resources to sales and marketing programs. All of these efforts will require us to invest significant financial and other resources and if they fail to attract additional customers and end users our business will be harmed.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We believe that there is significant competition for sales personnel, including sales representatives, sales managers and sales engineers, with the skills and technical knowledge that we require. Our ability to achieve significant revenue growth will depend, in large part, on our success in recruiting, training and retaining sufficient numbers of effective and qualified sales personnel to support our growth according to our business and product strategies. New hires require significant training and may take significant time before they achieve full productivity. Our new hires may not become productive as quickly as we expect, if at all, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the markets where we do business or plan to do business. In addition, particularly if we continue to grow rapidly, new members of our sales force will have relatively little experience working with us, our products and platform, and our business model. If we are unable to hire and train sufficient numbers of effective and qualified sales personnel, our sales personnel do not reach significant levels of productivity in a timely manner, or our sales personnel are not successful in acquiring new customers and end users or expanding usage by existing customers and end users, our business will be harmed.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We believe that continued growth in our business is also dependent upon identifying, developing and maintaining strategic relationships with additional retail channels that can drive substantial revenue growth. If we fail to identify additional channel partners in a timely and cost-effective manner, or at all, or are unable to assist our current and future channel partners in independently selling and deploying our products and services, then our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">27</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Any failure to offer high-quality developer and customer support may adversely affect our relationships with our developers and customers.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">High quality, ongoing developer and customer support are critical to the successful marketing, sale and adoption of our products and services. Many of our customers depend on our customer support team to assist them in deploying our products and services effectively, help them resolve post-deployment issues quickly and provide ongoing support. As we grow our developer and customer base, we will need to further invest in and expand our developer and customer support teams, which could strain our resources and reduce profit margins. If we do not devote sufficient resources or otherwise do not help our developers and customers adopt our products and services, quickly resolve any post-implementation matters, and provide effective ongoing developer and customer support and training, our ability to expand sales to existing and future developers and customers and our reputation would be adversely affected. Our support teams will face additional challenges associated with our international operations, including those associated with delivering support and documentation in multiple languages. We might also face additional difficulties associated with providing customer support and warranties to our smart device distribution and smart solution customers as we may not be able to control customer service terms of third-party suppliers, such as outsourcing manufacturing suppliers or OEMs who manufacture smart devices for our smart solutions business. Increased demand for developer and customer support, without corresponding revenues, could increase costs and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Any failure to maintain high-quality developer and customer support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality developer and customer support, could adversely affect our reputation, business, operating results and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may be sanctioned or otherwise restricted from engaging in certain businesses due to heightened regulatory and public scrutiny, including in connection with our data processing practices and policies.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The level of regulatory and political scrutiny on technology companies in general, and companies whose businesses involve the processing of personal information in particular, has increased significantly recently and may continue to increase globally. Legislators have enacted, and may continue to enact, new laws or regulatory agencies may promulgate new rules or regulations that are adverse to our business, or they may view matters or interpret or enforce laws and regulations differently than they have in the past or in a manner adverse to our business. Such legislative or regulatory scrutiny or action may create or enhance different or conflicting obligations on us from one jurisdiction to another. Additionally, we have been in the past and may in the future be the subject of scrutiny and press attention. Any related claims, allegations and investigations, even if without merit, may be very expensive to defend or respond to, involve negative publicity, and substantial diversion of management time and effort. These events could also result in reputational harm, significant judgments, fines and remedial actions against us, or require us to change our business practices, make product or operational changes, or delay or preclude planned transactions, product launches or improvements, any of which could harm our business, reputation, financial condition and operating results. For risks associated with our compliance with data privacy and data security laws in general, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;Compliance with the rapidly evolving landscape of global data privacy and data security laws may be challenging, and any failure or perceived failure to comply with such laws, or other concerns about our practices or policies with respect to the processing of personal information, could damage our reputation and deter current and potential customers and end users from using our platform and products and services or subject us to significant compliance costs or penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">28</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our business depends on our strong reputation and the value of &#8220;Tuya&#8221; brand. If we are unable to maintain and enhance our Tuya brand and increase market awareness of Tuya and its products and services, our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We must maintain and enhance the &#8220;Tuya&#8221; brand identity and increase market awareness of Tuya-powered smart devices generally and our products and services. The successful promotion of our brand will depend on our efforts to achieve widespread acceptance of our platform and products and services, attract and retain customers and our ability to maintain our current market leadership and successfully differentiate our products and services from competitors. These efforts require substantial expenditures, and we anticipate that they will increase as our market becomes more competitive and as we expand into new markets. These investments in brand promotion and thought leadership may not yield increased revenue. To the extent they do, the resulting revenue still may not be enough to offset the increased expenses we incur. In addition, independent industry analysts often provide reviews of our products and competing products and services, which may significantly influence the perception of our products and services. If these reviews are negative or not as strong as reviews of our competitors&#8217; products and services, our brand may be harmed. Adverse publicity (whether or not justified) relating to events or activities attributed to us, members of our workforce, agents, or third parties we rely on, may tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Our brand value also depends on our ability to provide secure and trustworthy products and services as well as our ability to protect and use end users&#8217; data in a manner that meets their expectations. In addition, any security incident, including one that results in unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data, could cause material reputational harm. Damage to our reputation and loss of brand equity may reduce demand for our products and services and thus have an adverse effect on our future financial results, as well as require additional resources to rebuild our reputation and restore the value of the brands and could also reduce the trading price of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We could incur substantial costs in protecting or defending our intellectual property rights, and any failure to protect our intellectual property could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our brand, trade secrets, trademarks, patents, domain names, copyrights and proprietary methods and technologies, whether registered or not, that we develop under patent and other intellectual property laws of China, the United States and other jurisdictions, so that we can prevent others from using our inventions and proprietary information. We currently rely on patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secret law to protect our intellectual property rights. However, we cannot assure you that any of our intellectual property rights will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that our intellectual property will be sufficient to provide us with competitive advantages. In addition, we may be subject to allegation of infringement of other parties&#8217; proprietary rights, and other parties may misappropriate our intellectual property rights, which would cause us to suffer economic or reputational damages. Because of the rapid pace of technological change, we cannot assure you that all of our proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property rights can be patented in a timely or cost-effective manner, or at all.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We maintain and facilitate certain technical measures and access control mechanisms internally to ensure secure access to our proprietary information by our employees and consultants. We also maintain internal policies requiring our employees and consultants to enter into confidentiality agreements to control access to our proprietary information. However, if our employees and consultants do not fully comply with these internal policies, such policies may not effectively prevent disclosure of our confidential information, and it may be possible for unauthorized parties to copy our software or other proprietary technology or information, or to develop similar software independently without our having an adequate remedy for unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, the laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property and other proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Statutory laws and regulations are subject to judicial interpretation and enforcement and may not be applied consistently due to the lack of clear guidance on statutory interpretation. Confidentiality, invention assignment and non-compete agreements may be breached by counterparties, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights or to enforce our contractual rights. To the extent we expand our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying, transfer and use of our proprietary technology or information may increase.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">29</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Preventing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly and the steps we take may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, determine the validity and scope of our proprietary rights or those of others, or defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management, result in a diversion of significant resources, the narrowing or invalidation of portions of our intellectual property and have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights or alleging that we infringe the counterclaimant&#8217;s own intellectual property. Any of our patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights could be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation. We can provide no assurance that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our proprietary methods and technologies that are regarded as trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors and in these cases we would not be able to assert any trade secret rights against those parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position. To the extent that our employees or consultants use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related know-how and inventions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">There can be no assurance that our particular ways and means of protecting our intellectual property and proprietary rights, including business decisions about when to file patent applications and trademark applications, will be adequate to protect our business or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology. We could be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights. If we fail to protect and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights adequately, our competitors might gain access to our technology and our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Unauthorized or improper disclosures of personal information, cyberattacks or other security incidents or data breaches that affect our networks or systems, or those of our cloud service providers or our customers, whether inadvertent or purposeful, could degrade our ability to conduct our business, compromise the integrity of our products and services, platform and data, result in significant data losses and the theft of our intellectual property, damage our reputation, expose us to liability to third parties and require us to incur significant additional costs to maintain the security of our networks and data which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We depend significantly on our technology infrastructure, IT systems, data and other equipment and systems to conduct virtually all of our business operations, ranging from our internal operations and research and development activities to our marketing and sales efforts and communications with our customers, end users, suppliers and business partners. In addition, our products and services collect and store data of customers and end users, some of which may involve sensitive information, including personal information, trade secrets and other proprietary information. Internal or external individuals or entities may attempt to penetrate our network security, or that of our platform, and to disrupt or cause harm to our business operations, including by sabotaging or misappropriating our personal or proprietary information or that of our customers, end users, employees, suppliers and business partners or to cause interruptions of our products and services and platform. Because the vulnerabilities and techniques used by such individuals or entities to access, disrupt or sabotage devices, systems and networks change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques, and we may not become aware in a timely manner of such a security breach, which could exacerbate any damage we experience.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">30</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">While we take reasonable measures to protect the security of, and against unauthorized access to, our systems, as well as the security of personal information and proprietary information, it is possible that our security controls and other security practices we follow may not prevent the improper access to or disclosure of personal information or proprietary information. We also rely on systems provided by third parties, including our clients, which may also suffer security breaches or unauthorized access to or disclosure of personal information or proprietary information. Additionally, we depend on our employees and contractors to appropriately handle confidential and sensitive data, including customer data, and to deploy our IT resources in a safe and secure manner that does not expose our network systems to security breaches or the loss of data. Any data security incidents, including internal malfeasance by our employees, unauthorized access or usage, virus or similar breach or disruption of us or our service providers could result in loss of confidential or proprietary information or personal information, damage to our reputation, loss of customers and end users, litigation, regulatory investigations, fines, penalties and other liabilities. Accordingly, if our cybersecurity measures or those of our customers fail to protect against unauthorized access, attacks (which may include sophisticated cyberattacks), the compromise or mishandling of data, or other misconduct or malfeasance, including by computer hackers, employees, contractors, vendors, customers and business partners, as well as software bugs, human error or technical malfunctions, then our reputation, business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. Cyberattacks and other security incidents aimed at our products could lead to third-party claims that our product failures have caused damages to our customers or end users.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We experience cyberattacks of varying degrees and other attempts to gain unauthorized access to our systems from time to time, which may include by way of malware, phishing attacks, ransomware attacks, denial of service attacks, brute-force attacks or other means, any of which may result in disclosure of confidential information and intellectual property, defective products, production downtimes or compromised data, including personal information. Such cybersecurity threats and attacks that we may be subject to may take a variety of forms ranging from individuals or groups of hackers to sophisticated organizations, including state-sponsored actors and may even culminate in &#8220;mega breaches&#8221; targeted against cloud services and other hosted software. As the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these attacks or to implement adequate preventative measures. We anticipate that increase in the frequency and sophistication of cyber and other security threats, particularly with respect to breaches of IoT devices, and our customers&#8217; increasing demands for cyber and other security protections and standards in our products, may cause us to incur additional costs to comply with such demands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Any unauthorized access, acquisition, use or destruction of information we collect, store, transmit or otherwise process, the unavailability of such information or other disruptions of our ability to provide solutions to our clients or end users, regardless of whether it originates or occurs on our systems or those of third party service providers or clients, could expose us to significant liability under our contracts, regulatory actions, litigation, investigations, remediation obligations, damage to our reputation and brand, theft of intellectual property, supplemental disclosure obligations, loss of customer, consumer and partner confidence in the security of our applications, destruction of information, indemnity obligations, impairment to our business, and resulting fees, costs, expenses, loss of revenues and other potential liabilities and harms to our business. In addition, if a high profile security breach occurs within our industry or even other related industries, our customers and potential customers may lose trust in the security of our systems and information even if we are not directly affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Many statutory requirements, in China, the United States and the EU, as well as in other jurisdictions in which we operate, include obligations for companies to notify data protection authorities and individuals of security breaches involving certain personal information, which could result from breaches experienced by us or our external service providers. These laws are not consistent, and compliance in the event of a widespread data breach is difficult and may be costly. In addition, such mandatory disclosures could lead to negative publicity and may cause our current and prospective customers or end users to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our data security measures. See &#8220;&#8212;Compliance with the rapidly evolving landscape of global data privacy and data security laws may be challenging, and any failure or perceived failure to comply with such laws, or other concerns about our practices or policies with respect to the processing of personal information, could damage our reputation and deter current and potential customers and end users from using our platform and products and services or subject us to significant compliance costs or penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">31</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Any failure to maintain necessary permits and licenses to operate our business operations under applicable laws and regulations could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In accordance with the laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate, we are required to maintain various approvals, licenses, permits and certifications in order to operate our business. Complying with such laws and regulations may require substantial expense, and any non-compliance may expose us to liability. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain all requisite approvals, licenses, permits and certifications. Regulatory authorities who have extensive authority to supervise and regulate the industry we operate in may not interpret relevant laws and regulations the way we do. In addition, as the regulatory regime for the IoT and related industries in China and other jurisdictions in which we operate continues to evolve, new laws, regulations and regulatory requirements are promulgated and implemented from time to time, and the interpretation and application of existing laws, regulations and regulatory requirements are subject to changes. We may be required to obtain approvals, licenses, permits and certifications that we do not currently have for our existing business or new scope of business that we may expand into in the future. In the event of non-compliance, we may have to incur significant expenses and divert substantial management time to rectify the incidents. In the future, if we fail to obtain all the necessary approvals, licenses, permits and certifications required by relevant laws and regulations or if we are deemed to have conducted business operations requesting certain approvals, licenses, permits and certifications without having one, we may be subject to fines or the suspension of operations of the relevant business segments or facilities that do not have all the requisite approvals, licenses, permits and certifications, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. We may also experience adverse publicity arising from non-compliance with government regulations, which would negatively impact our reputation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Furthermore, in the event that we are required to renew our existing licenses or permits or acquire new ones, whether as a result of the promulgation of new laws and regulations or otherwise, we cannot assure you that we will be able to meet the requisite conditions and requirements, or that the relevant government authorities will always, if ever, exercise their discretion in our favor. There may also be delays on the part of government authorities in reviewing our applications and granting approvals, whether due to the lack of human resources or the imposition of new rules, regulations, government policies or their implementation, interpretation and enforcement. If we are unable to obtain, or experience material delays in obtaining, necessary government approvals, our operations may be substantially disrupted, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may be involved in legal proceedings, litigations and disputes relating to alleged infringement of intellectual property rights, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">There is considerable patent and other intellectual property development activity in our industry. Our future success depends, in part, on not infringing the intellectual property rights of others. Our competitors or other third parties may in the future claim that our products and services or platform and underlying technology infringe on their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing on such rights. We may be unaware of the intellectual property rights of others that may cover some or all of our technology. Any claims or litigation could cause us to incur significant expenses and, if successfully asserted against us, could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from offering our products and services, require us to develop alternative non-infringing technology or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. We may also be obligated to indemnify our customers or business partners in connection with any such litigation and to obtain licenses or modify our products and services or platform, which could further exhaust our resources. Even if we were to prevail in the event of claims or litigation against us, any claim or litigation regarding intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our management and other employees from our business. Patent infringement, trademark infringement, trade secret misappropriation and other intellectual property claims and proceedings brought against us, whether successful or not, could harm our brand, business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, even if our products and services or platform and underlying technology do not infringe upon any intellectual property rights of others, we cannot avoid the harm of malicious or frivolous intellectual property litigations that any third party may bring against us, such as costs we may incur in defending ourselves in these litigations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">32</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If we are unable to hire, retain and motivate qualified personnel, our business will suffer.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled personnel. We believe that there is, and will continue to be, intense competition for highly skilled management, technical, sales and other personnel with experience in the industries in which we operate. We must provide competitive compensation packages and a high-quality work environment to hire, retain and motivate employees. If we are unable to retain and motivate our existing employees and attract qualified personnel to fill important positions, we may be unable to manage our business effectively, including the development, marketing and sale of our products and services, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. To the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we also may be subject to allegations that they have been improperly solicited or divulged proprietary or other confidential information.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may acquire or invest in business, technologies, services, products and other assets, which may divert our management&#8217;s attention and result in the incurrence of debt or dilution to our shareholders. We may be unable to integrate acquired businesses and technologies successfully or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We may evaluate and consider potential strategic transactions, including acquisitions of, or investments in, businesses, technologies, services, products and other assets in the future. We also may enter into relationships with other businesses to expand our products and services, which could involve preferred or exclusive licenses, additional channels of distribution, discount pricing or investments in other companies.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Any acquisition, investment or business relationship may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. In particular, we may encounter difficulties assimilating or integrating the businesses, technologies, products, personnel or operations of the acquired companies, particularly if the key personnel of the acquired company choose not to work for us, their products or services are not easily adapted to work with our platform, or we have difficulty retaining the customers of any acquired business due to changes in ownership, management or otherwise. Acquisitions also may disrupt our business, divert our resources or require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for development of our existing business. Moreover, the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, investment or business relationship may not be realized or we may be exposed to unknown risks or liabilities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Negotiating these transactions can be time consuming, difficult and expensive, and our ability to complete these transactions may often be subject to approvals that are beyond our control. Consequently, these transactions, even if announced, may not be completed. For one or more of those transactions, we may: (i) issue additional equity securities that would dilute our existing shareholders; (ii) use cash that we may need in the future to operate our business; (iii) incur large charges or substantial liabilities; (iv) incur debt on terms unfavorable to us or that we are unable to repay; (v) encounter difficulties retaining key employees of the acquired company or integrating diverse offerings or business cultures; or (vi) become subject to adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation or deferred compensation charges. The occurrence of any of these foregoing could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Negative publicity about us, our products and services, operations and our directors, management and business partners may adversely affect our reputation and business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We may, from time to time, receive negative publicity, including negative internet and blog postings, ratings or comments on social media platforms or through traditional media about our company, our business, our directors and management, our brands, our products and services, our suppliers or other business partners. Negative publicity about us, such as alleged misconduct by our employees, unauthorized use, misuse or release of personal information or other sensitive information, unethical business practices, or rumors relating to our business, management, employees, or our shareholders and affiliates, or negative publicity about other companies that use similar brand names as ours, can harm our reputation, business and results of operations. Any such allegations, even if not supported by facts or based on isolated incidents, may lead to inquiries, regulatory investigations or legal actions against us. Such actions could substantially damage our reputation and cause us to incur significant costs to defend ourselves. Certain of such negative publicity may be the result of malicious harassment or unfair competition by third parties. We may even be subject to government or regulatory investigation as a result of such third-party conduct and may be required to spend significant time and incur substantial costs to defend ourselves against such third-party conduct, and we may not be able to conclusively refute each of the allegations within a reasonable period of time, or at all.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">33</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We may receive complaints from our customers and end users on our products and services, pricing and customer support. If we do not handle customer complaints effectively, our brand and reputation may suffer, our customers and end users may lose confidence in us and they may reduce or cease their use of our products and services. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to generate positive customer feedback and minimize negative feedback on social media channels where existing and potential customers and end users seek and share information. If actions we take or changes we make to our products and services or platform upset these customers and end users, their online commentary could negatively affect our brand and reputation. Complaints or negative publicity about us, our products and services or platform could materially and adversely impact our ability to attract and retain customers and end users, our business, results of operations and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Seasonality may cause fluctuations in our sales and operating results.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have in the past experienced, and expect in the future to continue to experience, seasonal fluctuations in our revenues and sales from time to time as a result of the holiday season and customers&#8217; buying patterns. We have experienced lower growth in revenues in the first quarter as a result the reduced capacity of OEM customers located in China due to the Lunar New Year. The rapid growth in our business has offset this seasonal trend to some extent; however, we expect the historical seasonality trends to continue to impact our results of operations and financial condition. As a result, our results of operations and the trading price of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares may fluctuate from time to time due to seasonality.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We face certain risks relating to the real </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">properties</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> that we lease.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We lease office spaces from third parties for our operations in China, the United States, Europe, Australia, India, Japan and Colombia, among other locations. Any limitations on the leased properties, or lessors&#8217; title to such properties, may impact our use of the offices, or in extreme cases, result in relocation, which may in turn adversely affect our business operations. In addition, certain lease agreements of our leased properties in China have not been registered with the relevant PRC government authorities as required by PRC law. Therefore, we may be exposed to potential fines if we fail to rectify within the prescribed time period after receiving notices from the relevant PRC government authorities. Furthermore, certain lessors of our leased properties have not provided us with valid property ownership certificates or any other documentation proving their right to lease those properties to us. As of December 31, 2023, with respect to six leased properties in China with a gross floor area of approximately 2,360.6 square meters, we have not registered the respective lease agreements with the relevant PRC government authorities. With respect to five leased properties in China with a gross floor area of approximately 1,976.2 square meters, the lessors have not provided us with valid property ownership certificates. The foregoing properties represent only a small portion of the total gross floor area of our leased properties. As of the date of this annual report, we are not aware of any material actions or claims raised by any third parties challenging our use of these properties we currently lease, nor have we received any notices from the PRC government authorities. If our lessors are not the owners of the properties or they have not obtained consents from the owners or their lessors or permits from the relevant government authorities, our leases could be invalidated. If leases are invalid, we may face the risk of moving out of the leased property.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Changes in laws and regulations related to the internet or changes in the internet infrastructure itself may diminish the demand for our products and </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">services</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">, and could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The future success of our business depends on the continued use of the internet as well as continued demand for smart devices and our products and services. The PRC and foreign governments have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws or regulations affecting the use of the internet as a commercial medium.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Almost all access to the internet in China is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (the &#8220;MIIT&#8221;). In addition, the national networks in China are connected to the internet through state-owned international gateways, which are the only channels through which a domestic user can connect to the internet outside China. We may face similar or other limitations in other countries in which we operate. We may not have access to alternative networks in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with the internet infrastructure in China or elsewhere. In addition, the internet infrastructure in the countries in which we operate may not support the demands associated with continued growth in internet usage.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">34</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Changes in these laws or regulations could require us to modify our products and services in order to comply with these changes. In addition, government agencies or private organizations have imposed and may impose additional taxes, fees or other charges for accessing the internet or commerce conducted via the internet. These laws or charges could limit the growth of internet-related commerce or communications generally, or result in reductions in the demand for internet-based products and services such as our products and platform. In addition, the use of the internet as a business tool could be adversely affected due to delays in the development or adoption of new standards and protocols to handle increased demands of internet activity, security, reliability, cost, ease-of-use, accessibility and quality of service. The performance of the internet and its acceptance as a business tool has been adversely affected by &#8220;viruses,&#8221; &#8220;worms&#8221; and similar malicious programs. If the use of the internet is reduced as a result of these or other issues, then demand for our products and services could decline, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may have insufficient computing resources, transmission bandwidth and storage space, which could result in disruptions and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our operations are dependent in part upon transmission bandwidth provided by third-party telecommunications network providers, access to data centers to house our servers and other computing resources. There can be no assurance that we are adequately prepared for unexpected increases in bandwidth and data center demands by our customers and end users. The bandwidth and data centers we use may become unavailable for a variety of reasons, including service outages, payment disputes, network providers going out of business, natural disasters, networks imposing traffic limits, or governments&#8217; adopting regulations that impact network operations. These bandwidth providers may become unwilling to sell us adequate transmission bandwidth at fair market prices, if at all. This risk is heightened where market power is concentrated with one or a few major networks. We also may be unable to move quickly enough to augment capacity to reflect growing traffic or security demands. Failure to put in place the capacity we require could result in a reduction in, or disruption of, service to our customers and ultimately a loss of those customers. Such a failure could result in our inability to acquire new customers demanding capacity not available on our platform. See &#8220; - We rely upon third-party providers of cloud-based infrastructure to host our platform. Any disruption in the operations of these third-party providers, limitations on capacity or interference with our use could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our products and services rely on the stable performance of servers, networks, IT infrastructure and data processing systems, and any disruption to such servers, networks, assets or systems due to internal or external factors could diminish demand for our products and services, harm our business, our reputation and results of operations and subject us to liability. </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We rely in part upon the stable performance of our servers, networks, IT infrastructure and data processing systems for provision of our products and services. Disruptions to such servers, networks, assets or systems may occur due to internal or external factors, such as inappropriate maintenance, defects in the servers, cyberattacks or other malicious attacks or hacks targeted at us, occurrence of catastrophic events or human errors. Such disruptions could result in negative publicity, loss of or delay in market acceptance of our products and services, loss of competitive position, lower customer retention or claims by customers for losses sustained by them, or loss, destruction or unauthorized use of, or access to, data (including personal information for which we may incur liability under applicable data protection laws). In such an event, we may need to expend additional resources to bring the incident to an end, mitigate the liability associated with the fallout of such incident, make notifications to regulators and individuals affected, replace damaged systems or assets, defend ourselves in legal proceedings and compensate customers or end users. In addition, we may not carry insurance to compensate us for any losses that may result from claims arising from disruption in servers. As a result, our reputation and our brand could be harmed, and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">35</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our use and provision of AI could lead to operational or reputational damage, competitive harm, legal and regulatory risk and additional costs. </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our business involves the use and provision of artificial intelligence, including generative AI (collectively, &#8220;AI&#8221;). The use of generative AI, a relatively new and emerging technology in the early stages of commercial use, exposes us to additional risks, such as damage to our reputation, competitive position and business, legal and regulatory risks and additional costs. For example, if any of our employees, contractors, vendors or service providers use any third-party AI-powered software in connection with our business or the services they provide to us, it may lead to the inadvertent disclosure of our confidential information, including inadvertent disclosure of our confidential information into publicly available third-party training sets, which may impact our ability to realize the benefit of, or adequately maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property or confidential information, harming our competitive position and business. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Additionally, any content created by us using generative AI tools may not be subject to copyright protection which may adversely affect our intellectual property rights in, or ability to commercialize or use, any such content. In the United States, a number of civil lawsuits have been initiated related to the foregoing and other concerns, the outcome of any one of which may, amongst other things, require us to limit the ways in which we use AI in our business and may affect our ability to develop related products, services, innovations and features. For example, the output produced by generative AI tools may include information subject to certain rights of publicity or privacy laws or constitute an unauthorized derivative work of the copyrighted material used in training the underlying AI model, any of which could also create a risk of liability for us, or adversely affect our business or operations. To the extent that we do not have sufficient rights to use the data or other material or content used in or produced by the generative AI tools used in our business, or if we experience cybersecurity breaches or incidents in connection with our use of AI, it could adversely affect our reputation and expose us to legal liability or regulatory risk, including with respect to third-party intellectual property, privacy, publicity, contractual or other rights. Further, our competitors or other third parties may incorporate AI into their products more quickly or more successfully than us, which could impair our ability to compete effectively. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As the utilization of AI becomes more prevalent, we anticipate that it will continue to present new or unanticipated ethical, reputational, technical, operational, legal, competitive and regulatory issues, among others. We expect that such utilization of AI will require additional resources, including the incurrence of additional costs, to develop and maintain our platform offerings, services and features to minimize potentially harmful or unintended consequences, to comply with applicable and emerging laws and regulations, to maintain or extend our competitive position and to address any ethical, reputational, technical, operational, legal, competitive or regulatory issues which may arise as a result of any of the foregoing. As a result, the challenges presented with our use of AI could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">36</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Regulatory and legislative developments related to the use of AI could adversely affect our use and provision of AI in our products, services and business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As the regulatory framework for machine learning technology, generative AI and automated decision making evolves, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected. The regulatory framework for AI and similar technologies, and automated decision making, is changing rapidly. It is possible that new laws and regulations will be adopted in the United States and in non-U.S. jurisdictions, or that existing laws and regulations may be interpreted in ways that would affect our use and provision of AI in our products, services and business. We may not be able to adequately anticipate or respond to these evolving laws and regulations, and we may need to expend additional resources to adjust our offerings in certain jurisdictions if applicable legal frameworks are inconsistent across jurisdictions. In addition, because these technologies are themselves highly complex and rapidly developing, it is not possible to predict all of the legal or regulatory risks that may arise relating to our use of such technologies. Further, the cost to comply with such laws or regulations could be significant and would increase our operating expenses, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For example, in Europe, on March 13, 2024, the European Parliament formally adopted a draft of the EU&#8217;s Artificial Intelligence Act (the &#8220;AI Act&#8221;) which is currently expected to be enacted in mid-2024, pending formal endorsement by the Council of the European Union and publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. The current draft of the AI Act, if enacted, would establish, among other things, a risk-based governance framework for regulating AI systems operating in the EU. This framework would categorize AI systems, based on the risks associated with such AI systems&#8217; intended purposes, as creating unacceptable or high risks, with all other AI systems being considered low risk. While the AI Act has not yet been enacted or enforced, there is a risk that our current or future AI-powered software or applications may obligate us to comply with the applicable requirements of the AI Act, which may impose additional costs on us, increase our risk of liability or adversely affect our business. For example, the AI Act would prohibit certain uses of AI systems and place numerous obligations on providers and deployers of permitted AI systems, with heightened requirements placed on AI systems that are considered high risk. If enacted in this form or a similar form, this regulatory framework is expected to have a material impact on the way AI is regulated in the EU, and together with developing regulatory guidance and judicial decisions in this area, may affect our use of AI and our ability to provide and to improve our services, require additional compliance measures and changes to our operations and processes, result in increased compliance costs and potential increases in civil claims against us and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may, from time to time, rely on intellectual properties that we license from third parties, including product designs that are integrated with our internally developed products.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We may, from time to time, rely on intellectual properties that we license from third parties, including third-party product design, which is used with certain of our products. We cannot be certain that our licensors are not infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties or that our licensors have sufficient rights to the licensed intellectual property in all jurisdictions in which we may sell our products. Some of our agreements with our licensors may be terminated for convenience by them. If we are unable to continue to license any of these intellectual properties on commercially reasonable terms, we will face delays in releases of certain products or we will be required to redesign our products until equivalent, non-infringing design can be licensed or developed and integrated into our current products. This effort could take significant time (during which we would be unable to continue to offer our affected products) and expense and may ultimately not be successful. In addition, our inability to obtain certain licenses or other rights might require us to engage in litigation regarding these matters, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">37</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We and certain of our current and former directors and officers have been named as defendants in a putative shareholder class action lawsuit, and may, from time to time, be the subject of shareholder class action lawsuits, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reputation.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of the date of this annual report, we and certain of our current and former directors and officers have been named as defendants in a putative shareholder class action lawsuit, described in &#8220;Item 8. Financial Information&#8212;A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information&#8212;Legal and Administrative Proceedings.&#8221; We will have to defend against such putative class action lawsuit, including any appeals should our initial defense be unsuccessful. We are currently unable to estimate the potential loss, if any, associated with the resolution of such lawsuit. There can be no assurance that we will be able to prevail in our defense or reverse any unfavorable judgment on appeal. Any adverse outcome of this case, including on any appeal of the judgment in this case, could result in payment of substantial monetary damages. Any settlement of the litigation could also be costly. Such outcomes may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows and reputation. Currently, we are subject to claims for indemnification related to this matter, and we cannot predict the impact that indemnification claims may have on our business or financial results.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, we or certain of our directors or officers may, from time to time, be a target for lawsuits in the future, including putative class action lawsuits brought by shareholders and lawsuits against our directors and officers as a result of their position in other public companies. The existence of such cases and any adverse outcome of these cases, including any appeal of a judgment, could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows as well as the trading price of our securities. Resolution of these matters may utilize a significant portion of our cash resources and divert management&#8217;s attention from the day-to-day operations of our company, all of which could harm our business. We also may be subject to claims for indemnification related to these matters, and we cannot predict the impact that indemnification claims may have on our business or financial results.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may be subject to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. If the outcomes of these proceedings are adverse to us, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of the date of this annual report, except for the putative shareholder class action lawsuit described in &#8220;Item 8. Financial Information&#8212;A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information&#8212;Legal and Administrative Proceedings,&#8221; we are not a party to any other material legal or administrative proceedings. However, we or our directors, management, employees and shareholders have been, and may from time to time in the future be, subject to or involved in various claims, controversies, lawsuits, other legal and administrative proceedings and fines. Lawsuits and other administrative or legal proceedings can involve substantial costs, including the costs associated with investigation, litigation and possible settlement, judgment, penalty or fine. In addition, lawsuits and other legal and administrative proceedings may be costly and time consuming and may require a commitment of management and personnel resources that will be diverted from our normal business operations. There may also be negative publicity associated with litigation that could decrease customer acceptance of our product offerings, regardless of whether the allegations are valid or whether we are ultimately found liable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">38</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have been, and may, from time to time, be involved in class action lawsuits in the United States in the future. Such lawsuits could divert a significant amount of our management&#8217;s attention and other resources from our business and operations, which could harm our results of operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the lawsuits. The threat of such claims and the costs associated with defending them could have a material adverse effect on business, results of operations and reputation. See &#8220;&#8212;We and certain of our current and former directors and officers have been named as defendants in a putative shareholder class action lawsuit, and may, from time to time, be the subject of shareholder class action lawsuits, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reputation.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We face inventory obsolescence, shortage or excess risks. Our results of operations could be materially harmed if we are unable to optimally manage our inventories to meet our operational needs.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our inventories consist mainly of (i) modules and chips relating to our IoT PaaS, and (ii) finished smart devices purchased from manufacturers as part of our smart device distribution or manufactured by outsourcing manufacturing suppliers or OEMs for our smart solution business. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, we had inventories, net, of US$45.4 million and US$32.9 million respectively. Maintaining an optimal level of inventory is important for the success of our business. However, we are exposed to inventory obsolescence and inventory shortage risks as a result of a variety of factors beyond our control, including changes of customer needs and the inherent uncertainty of the success of product launches. The inventory write-downs, net, increased US$1.8 million thousand and US$4.1 million in 2021 and 2022, decreased US$0.01 million in 2023, as a result of the net impact of current year provision and sales or uses of inventories with reserve. We regularly track our inventory to keep it at a level sufficient to fulfill customers&#8217; orders. We also proactively assess changes in market conditions and pre-store strategic raw materials in anticipation of potential supply shortage. However, we cannot assure you that we can accurately predict these trends and events and avoid under-stocking or overstocking inventory, or that our inventory management measures will be implemented effectively so that we will not have significant levels of inventory obsolescence, shortage or excess. As a result of unforeseen or sudden events, we may experience slow movement of our inventories, fail to utilize or sell our inventories swiftly, or face the risk of inventory obsolescence, and our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects may be adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may require additional capital to support our business and response to business opportunities, and this capital might not be available on favorable terms, if at all.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We intend to continue to make investments to the long-term operating and development of our business and may require additional funds. In particular, we may seek additional funds to develop new products and enhance our platform and existing products, expand our operations, including our sales and marketing efforts and our presence outside China, improve our infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses, technologies, services, products and other assets. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our shareholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to holders of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares. Any debt financing that we may secure in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth, scale our infrastructure, develop product enhancements and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">39</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are subject to the uncertainties associated with the regulations on listing and securities offerings conducted overseas by China-based companies proposed and/or enacted in China and the United States.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The PRC government authorities have been exerting more oversight and control over listings and offerings conducted overseas by Chinese companies and investment in overseas-listed China-based companies. For example, on December 28, 2021, the CAC and several other administrations jointly promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which provide, among other things, that a &#8220;network platform operator&#8221; holding over one million users&#8217; personal information shall apply for a cybersecurity review when listing its securities &#8220;in a foreign country.&#8221; In November 2021, the CAC promulgated the Draft Cyber Data Security Regulation, which states that a cybersecurity review will be required for a listing in foreign countries contemplated by a data processor who processes the personal information of at least one million users or the listing of a data processor in Hong Kong which affects or may affect the national security. Furthermore, on February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the &#8220;Trial Measures,&#8221; and together with relevant supporting guidelines promulgated by the CSRC, the &#8220;New Overseas Listing Rules&#8221;). The New Overseas Listing Rules set out new filing procedures for China-based companies seeking direct or indirect listings and offerings in overseas markets and came into force since March 31, 2023. For details, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;Recent PRC Regulatory Developments&#8212;CSRC Approval for Issuance and Listing of Securities Overseas&#8221; and &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;4.B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulation&#8212;Regulation Relating to M&amp;A and Overseas Listing.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">To the extent we are required to obtain any approvals, complete any filings and/or other administrative procedures or satisfy any other regulatory requirements under the above-mentioned proposed laws and regulations or any new regulatory requirements in the PRC in order to maintain the listing status of the ADSs or conduct listing or offering of our securities overseas, we cannot assure you that we will be able to meet these requirements in a timely manner, or at all. The PRC regulatory agencies may also take further actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, not to proceed with such securities offering or maintain the listing status of the ADSs. If we proceed with any future listing or offering of our securities without obtaining the required approval, completing the necessary filings or other administrative procedures, or satisfying other regulatory requirements, we may face fines and other regulatory actions imposed by competent PRC regulatory agencies, and our ability to raise capital could be significantly limited or completely hindered, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations or cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless. See also &#8220;&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;The filing, approval or other administration requirements of the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC government authorities may be required to maintain our listing status or conduct future offshore securities offerings under PRC law&#8221; and &#8220;&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;The uncertainties in the PRC legal system could materially and adversely affect us.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, as part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law in some jurisdictions, such as those in China, the U.S. Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the &#8220;HFCAA&#8221;) was enacted on December 18, 2020. Trading in our securities on U.S. markets, including the NYSE, will be prohibited under the HFCAA if the PCAOB determines that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including our auditor as an independent registered public accounting firm, for two consecutive years. If this is to happen, our liquidity and ability to raise additional capital will be materially and adversely affected. See &#8220;&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;Trading in our securities will be prohibited under the HFCAA if the PCAOB determines that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including our auditor as an independent registered public accounting firm, and as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as the NYSE, may determine to delist our securities.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We face exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, U.S. federal funds rate changes and Federal Reserve interest rate adjustments and such fluctuations and changes could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As we continue to expand our international operations, we will become increasingly exposed to the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. The majority of our cash generated from revenue is denominated in Renminbi, and our expenses are generally denominated in the currencies of the jurisdictions in which we conduct our operations. Because we conduct business in currencies other than U.S. dollars but report our operating results in U.S. dollars, we also face translation exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could hinder our ability to predict our future results and earnings and could impact our operating results. We recorded other comprehensive income from foreign currency translation of US$1.5 million in 2021, other comprehensive loss from foreign currency translation of US$14.9 million in 2022 and US$2.7 million in 2023.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">40</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies has in the past fluctuated significantly, and may in the future continue to do so, affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions and the foreign exchange policy adopted by the PRC government. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress towards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate system, and we cannot assure you that the Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya Inc. is a holding company and we rely on dividends paid by our wholly foreign-owned enterprise in China for our cash needs. Any significant fluctuation of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, and the value of any dividends payable in U.S. dollars. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares and the ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We hold a substantial amount of our cash reserves in U.S. dollars, prioritizing the security of the principal above all. To manage our funds, we utilize various financial instruments such as demand deposits, U.S. Treasury bonds, and term deposits, with a focus on ensuring the safety of our principal amount. Since 2023, the Federal Reserve has maintained the federal funds rate within the target range of 4.5% to 5.50%, a level that is elevated compared to the average rates seen in the past decade. This environment has allowed us to benefit from relatively higher interest income on our U.S. dollar-denominated deposits. However, recent communications from the Federal Reserve indicate an adjustment in its expectations for future interest rates, with a tendency towards lowering rates in response to evolving economic conditions. Such a policy shift poses risks to our financial strategy, as a reduction in interest rates would directly impact the yield on our interest-sensitive assets. A significant decrease in interest income generated from our U.S. dollar deposits could adversely affect our financial performance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The fair value measurements of certain financial assets and liabilities inherently involve a certain degree of uncertainty, and any adverse movements in their fair value may directly affect our results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Some of our financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value, such as the short-term investments and long-term investments measured at fair value. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the fair value of short-term investments was US$821.1 million and US$291.0 million, and the fair value of long-term investments was US$18.0 million and US$10.1 million, respectively. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, our fair value change on short-term and long-term investments was in gain of US$0.8 million, in loss of US$7.4 million and in gain of US$0.1 million, respectively. For financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements of these financial assets and liabilities are categorized into level 1, 2 or 3, based on, among other things, the observability and significance of the inputs used in the valuation technique. The fair value of financial assets and liabilities classified in levels 1 and 2 is determined based on observable inputs, while the determination of the fair value of level 3 financial assets and liabilities is based on valuation techniques and various assumptions of inputs that are unobservable and which inherently involve a certain degree of uncertainty.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">A range of factors, many of which are beyond our control, may influence and cause adverse changes to the estimates we use and thereby affect the fair value of these assets and liabilities. These factors include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions, changes in market interest rates and stability of the capital markets. Any of these factors, as well as others, could cause our estimates to vary from actual results and cause the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities to fluctuate substantially, which may in turn have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. The fair value of our short-term investments and long-term investments measured at fair value is subject to changes beyond our control, and any adverse movements in their fair value may directly affect our results of operations. If the fair value of our short-term investments and long-term investments measured at fair value were to fluctuate, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">41</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are subject to credit risk related to defaults of customers, and any significant default on our accounts receivable could materially and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are exposed to credit risk related to defaults of our various customers. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, our accounts receivable, net were US$12.2 million and US$9.2 million, respectively. Our accounts receivable turnover days were 42 and 21 in 2022 and 2023, respectively. We may not be able to collect all such accounts receivable due to a variety of factors that are outside of our control. If the relationship between us and any of our customers is terminated or deteriorated, or if any of our customers experience financial difficulties to the extent it affects their ability to make timely payments, our corresponding accounts receivable might be adversely affected in terms of recoverability. Our accounts receivable balance may continue to grow alongside our business expansion, which may increase our risks for uncollectible receivable. If we are unable to timely collect our accounts receivable from our customers, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately or timely report our results of operations, meet our reporting obligations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares may be materially and adversely affected.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, requires that we maintain internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. An effective internal control environment is necessary to enable us to produce reliable financial reports and is an important component of our efforts to prevent and detect financial reporting errors and fraud. We are a public company subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 requires that we include a report from management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 20-F beginning with the annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, once we cease to be an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; as such term is defined in the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the course of preparing and auditing our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, we and our independent registered public accounting firm did not identify a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. Our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023. See &#8220;Item 15. Controls and Procedures.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the future, however, if we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, our management may not be able to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting at a reasonable assurance level.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a public company, our reporting obligations may place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. We may be unable to timely complete our evaluation testing and any required remediation. Furthermore, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue an adverse report if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">42</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, we could suffer material misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, which would likely cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. This could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our results of operations, and lead to a decline in the trading price of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares. Moreover, we may need to incur additional costs and use additional management and other resources as our business and operations further expand or in an effort to remediate any significant control deficiencies that may be identified in the future. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be required to restate our financial statements for prior periods.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, floods, pandemics and other natural catastrophic events, and to interruption by man-made problems such as power disruptions or terrorism.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire, flood or pandemic, occurring at our headquarters, at one of our local offices and facilities or where a business partner is located could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Further, if a natural disaster or man-made problem were to affect our service providers, this could adversely affect the ability of our customers and end users to use our products and services. In addition, natural disasters and acts of terrorism could cause disruptions in our or our customers&#8217; businesses, national economies or the world economy as a whole, as is the case due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also rely on our network and third-party infrastructure and enterprise applications and internal technology systems for our engineering, sales and marketing, and operations activities. In the event of a major disruption caused by a natural disaster or man-made problem, we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, delays in our development activities, lengthy interruptions in service, breaches of data security and loss of critical data, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, computer malware, viruses and computer hacking, fraudulent use attempts and phishing attacks have become more prevalent in our industry, have occurred on our platform and have impacted some of our customers in the past and may occur on our platform in the future. Any failure to maintain performance, reliability, security, integrity and availability of our products and services and technical infrastructure, including third-party infrastructure and services upon which we rely, may expose us to significant consequences, including legal and financial exposure and loss of customers and end users, and give rise to litigation, consumer protection actions, or harm to our reputation, and as a result, may hinder our ability to retain existing customers and end users and attract new customers and end users.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our insurance coverage may not completely cover the risks related to our business and operations, which could expose us to significant costs and business interruptions.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Insurance products available in the PRC and many other markets in which we operate currently are not as extensive as those offered in more developed regions. Consistent with customary industry practice in the markets in which we operate, our business insurance is limited, and we do not carry key-man life insurance. Any uninsured damage to our facilities or technology infrastructures or disruption of our business operations could require us to incur substantial costs and divert our resources, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For more information, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;4.B. Business Overview&#8212;Insurance.&#8221; Furthermore, lack of any insurance coverage, or any failure of any insurance policy providing adequate coverage to cover any potential claims under such policy could leave us exposed to uninsured risk and could have a material adverse effect on our business or financial results.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">43</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We have granted, and may continue to grant, share-based awards, which may increase our share-based compensation and may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In December 2014, we adopted the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the &#8220;2015 Plan&#8221;), which was amended in July 2020, February 2021 and June 2022. We account for compensation costs for all share-based awards using a fair-value-based method and recognize expenses in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss in accordance with U.S. GAAP. For details of the 2015 Plan, see &#8220;Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees&#8212;6.B. Compensation&#8212;Share Incentive Plan.&#8221; In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we recorded share-based compensation expenses of US$66.1 million, US$69.0 million and US$65.2 million respectively. As of December 31, 2023, there were US$66.0 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to share options granted by our company, which were expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of 0.56 years. As of December 31, 2023, there were US$20.6 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to RSUs granted by us, which were expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of 2.61 years. We believe that the granting of share-based awards is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees, and we will continue to grant share-based awards in the future. As a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, any ordinary shares that we issue under our 2015 Plan would dilute the percentage ownership held by public investors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure</p><a id="IfthePRCgovernmentfindsthattheagreements"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in China do not</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in the VIE.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Foreign ownership of telecommunication businesses is subject to restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations. For example, foreign investors are generally not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in an information service provider or other value-added telecommunication service provider (other than operating e-commerce, domestic multiparty communication, storage and forwarding and call center) and the major foreign investor in a value-added telecommunication service provider in China must have experience in providing value-added telecommunication services overseas and maintain a good track record in accordance with the Encouraged Industries Catalog for Foreign Investment (2022 version), the Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List (2021), or the Negative List (2021), and other applicable laws and regulations. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya Inc. is a Cayman Islands company and we currently conduct substantially all of our business operations in the PRC through our PRC subsidiaries, including Tuya Information, our wholly owned subsidiary incorporated in the PRC. We are classified as a foreign enterprise under the PRC laws and regulations, and Tuya Information, our wholly owned subsidiary in the PRC, is a foreign-invested enterprise. In light of the restrictions described above, we have determined that it was not viable for us to hold Hangzhou Tuya Technology, or the VIE, directly through equity ownership. Therefore, we may only conduct the business operations currently conducted by the VIE through a series of contractual arrangements between our PRC subsidiary on one hand, and the VIE and its registered shareholders on the other hand, to comply with PRC laws and regulations. These contractual arrangements have enabled us to (i) exercise effective control over the VIE, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIE, (iii) have the pledge right over the equity interests in the VIE as the pledgee and (iv) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we have control over and are the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting purposes and hence consolidate its financial results under U.S. GAAP. </p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">44</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the opinion of Jia Yuan Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel, (i) the ownership structures of our wholly foreign-owned enterprise and the VIE in China are not in violation of provisions of applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect; and (ii) the contractual arrangements between our wholly foreign-owned enterprise, the VIE and its shareholders governed by PRC law are not in violation of provisions of applicable PRC laws or regulations currently in effect, and valid and binding upon each party to such arrangements and, save as disclosed in &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and the VIE&#8217;s Registered Shareholders,&#8221; enforceable against each party thereto in accordance with their terms and applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect. However, we have been further advised by our PRC legal counsel that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules. Thus, the PRC government authorities may take a view contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structure will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or the VIE is found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals to operate our business, the relevant PRC government authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures, including:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">revoking the business licenses and/or operating licenses of such entities;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">imposing fines on us;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">confiscating any of our income that they deem to be obtained through illegal operations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on the operations of the VIE;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">placing restrictions on our right to collect revenue;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">shutting down our servers or blocking our app or websites; or</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Any of these events could cause significant disruption to our business operations and severely damage our reputation, which would in turn have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, new PRC laws, rules and regulations may be introduced to impose additional requirements that may be applicable to our corporate structure and the VIE. For details, please see &#8220;&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure&#8212;Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and operations.&#8221; If occurrences of any of these events result in our inability to direct the activities of the VIE in China that most significantly impact its economic performance and/or our failure to receive the economic benefits and residual returns from the VIE, and we are unable to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we may not be able to consolidate the financial results of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.</p><a id="WerelyoncontractualarrangementswiththeVI"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and its registered shareholders to use, or otherwise benefit from, certain</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> licenses and approvals we may need in the future, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control and could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and its registered shareholders to conduct a portion of our operations in China. These contractual arrangements, however, may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over the VIE. For example, the VIE and its shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct the operations of the VIE in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If we had direct ownership of the VIE in China, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of the VIE, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by the VIE and its registered shareholders of their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over the VIE. If any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See &#8220;&#8212;Any failure by the VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have an adverse effect on part of our business.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">45</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="AnyfailurebytheVIEoritsshareholderstoper"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Any failure by the VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> an adverse effect on part of our business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If the VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and contractual remedies, which we cannot assure you will be sufficient or effective under PRC law. For example, if the registered shareholders were to refuse to transfer their equity interests in the VIE to us or our designee when we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they were otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">All the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. See &#8220;&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;The uncertainties in the PRC legal system could materially and adversely affect us.&#8221; Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a VIE should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration if legal action becomes necessary. In addition, under PRC law, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over the VIE, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be negatively affected.</p><a id="TheregisteredshareholdersoftheVIE_223241"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The registered shareholders of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> part of our business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The registered shareholders of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause the VIE to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and the VIE, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to effectively receive economic benefits from the VIE. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with the VIE to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise, any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For individuals who are also our directors and officers, we rely on them to abide by the laws of the Cayman Islands, which provide that directors and officers owe a fiduciary duty to the company that requires them to act in good faith and in what they believe to be the best interests of the company and not to use their position for personal gain. The registered shareholders of the VIE have executed powers of attorney to appoint our wholly foreign-owned enterprise or a person designated by our wholly foreign-owned enterprise to vote on their behalf and exercise voting rights as shareholders of the VIE. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders of the VIE, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of part of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The registered shareholders of the VIE may be involved in personal disputes with third parties or other incidents that may have an adverse effect on their respective equity interests in the VIE and the validity or enforceability of our contractual arrangements with the VIE and its registered shareholders. For example, in the event that any of the shareholders of the VIE divorces his or her spouse, the spouse may claim that the equity interest of the VIE held by such shareholder is part of their community property and should be divided between such shareholder and the spouse. If such claim is supported by the court, the relevant equity interest may be obtained by the shareholder&#8217;s spouse or another third party who is not subject to obligations under our contractual arrangements, which could result in a loss of the effective control over the VIE by us. Similarly, if any of the equity interests of the VIE is inherited by a third party with whom the current contractual arrangements are not binding, we could lose our control over the VIE or have to maintain such control by incurring unpredictable costs, which could cause significant disruption to part of our business and operations and harm our financial condition and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">46</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Contractualarrangementswehaveenteredinto"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Contractual arrangements we have entered into with the VIE may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities. A finding that</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> we owe additional taxes could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements in relation to the VIE were not entered into on an arm&#8217;s-length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust income of the VIE in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by the VIE for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase their tax liabilities without reducing our PRC subsidiaries&#8217; tax expenses. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other administrative sanctions on the VIE for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if the VIE&#8217;s tax liabilities increase or if it is required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.</p><a id="Wemaylosetheabilitytouseandbenefitfromas"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may lose the ability to use and benefit from assets held by the VIE that are supplementary to the operation of our business if</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> the VIE goes bankrupt or becomes subject to dissolution or liquidation proceeding.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As part of our contractual arrangements with the VIE, such entity may in the future hold certain assets that are supplementary to the operation of our business. If the VIE goes bankrupt and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities we currently conduct through contractual arrangements, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Under the contractual arrangements, the VIE may not, in any manner, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of its assets or legal or beneficial interests in the business without our prior consent. If the VIE undergoes voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate part of our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><a id="Substantialuncertaintiesexistwithrespect"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the Foreign Investment Law and the recently amended PRC Company Law and how </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">they may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The value-added telecommunication services that we conduct through the VIE are subject to foreign investment restrictions set forth in the Negative List (2021), which was issued by the Ministry of Commerce (&#8220;MOFCOM&#8221;) and the National Development and Reform Commission (the &#8220;NDRC&#8221;) and became effective on January 1, 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On March 15, 2019, the National People&#8217;s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law, which became effective on January 1, 2020, replaced the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law and became the legal foundation for foreign investment in the PRC. As of the date of this annual report, there remain uncertainties in relation to its interpretation and implementation. For instance, under the Foreign Investment Law, &#8220;foreign investment&#8221; refers to the investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by foreign individuals, enterprises or other entities in China. Though it does not explicitly classify contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, there is no assurance that foreign investment via contractual arrangements would not be interpreted as a type of indirect foreign investment activities in the future. In addition, the definition of foreign investment contains a catchall provision that includes investments made by foreign investors through means stipulated in laws, administrative regulations or provisions of the State Council. Therefore, it still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. In any of these cases, it will be uncertain whether our contractual arrangements will be deemed to be in violation of the market access requirements for foreign investment under the PRC laws and regulations. If further actions shall be taken under future laws, administrative regulations or provisions of the State Council, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions. Failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure, corporate governance and operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The PRC Company Law<span style="font-family:'MS Mincho';">&#65288;</span>the &#8220;Company Law&#8221;<span style="font-family:'MS Mincho';">)</span>, promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People&#8217;s Congress on December 29, 1993, was recently amended on December 29, 2023 and will become effective on July 1, 2024. The Company Law provides new requirements for the time limit for contribution of capital, the company&#8217;s organizational structure, corporate governance, and the rights and obligations of shareholders, which also apply to foreign investment enterprises in the PRC. Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the Company Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">47</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Risks Related to Doing Business in China</p><a id="Changesineconomicpoliticalorsocialcondit"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Changes in economic, political or social conditions or government policies of China and globally could have a material adverse</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Substantially all of our assets and operations are located in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects are affected by economic, political and social conditions in China generally and by continued economic growth in China as a whole. China&#8217;s economy differs from the economies of other countries in many respects, and the Chinese government plays a significant role in regulating industry development and has extensive influence over China&#8217;s economic growth through allocating resources and setting monetary and fiscal policy.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In recent decades, the PRC regulatory authorities have implemented measures emphasizing market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of sound corporate governance in business enterprises. However, state-owned enterprises are still playing a key role in the economy of China. Furthermore, although China&#8217;s economy has grown significantly in the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in the policies of the Chinese government or in the laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely affect our business and results of operations, lead to a reduction in demand for our services and adversely affect our competitive position. In addition, some of the government measures aim to benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may unexpectedly have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Additionally, the global macroeconomic environment faces significant challenges in the near-term future. For example, following the COVID-19 outbreak, most countries have encountered rising inflation, resulting in weakened customers&#8217; spending on smart devices. Furthermore, there is considerable uncertainty about the short and long-term economic impact of the monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the central banks and government authorities of some of the world&#8217;s leading economies, including the United States and China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are exposed to risks associated with international relations and geopolitical risks.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are exposed to risks associated with international relations, in particular, the relationship between the United States and China. Any unfavorable government policies, including those on investment restrictions or international trade, such as capital and data controls, tariffs or international payment and settlement system, updated or expanded sanctions and export control regulations, or any new or escalation of geopolitical confrontation and conflicts, may affect the demand for our products, impact the competitive position of our products, or prevent us from selling products in certain countries, or even our participation in international capital markets or the international payment and settlement system, any of which would materially and adversely affect our international operations, results of operations and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On February 28, 2024, President Biden signed Executive Order 14117, which seeks to restrict access to bulk sensitive personal data and U.S. government-related data by &#8220;countries of concern&#8221;. It creates uncertainties and complications in our efforts to stay compliant with such regulations when it becomes effective. For example, if third-party cloud-hosting providers of our data centers in the United States, such as AWS, or our U.S. subsidiaries or U.S. personnel, were to be restricted from providing access to the relevant U.S. data in accordance with such regulations, it may negatively affect our businesses. Such change, and any similar legislative or executive actions in the future, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On October 16, 2023, the Commerce Department&#8217;s Bureau of Industry and Security, or BIS, issued an interim final rule, &#8220;Implementation of Additional Export Controls: Certain Advanced Computing Items; Supercomputer and Semiconductor End Use; Updates and Corrections&#8221;. BIS sought comments in relation to &#8220;infrastructure as a service&#8221;, or IaaS, to address access by Chinese customers to IaaS to develop dual-use AI foundation models with potential capabilities of concern. Any future rulemaking in this area may restrict or limit our access to AI capabilities of our existing cloud service providers and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">48</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Recently, there have been changes in international trade and investment policies due to rising geopolitical tensions, particularly between the U.S. and China, but also as a result of the war in Ukraine and sanctions on Russia. This could be further aggravated by instability of the Middle East. The cost of importing and/or exporting products, technology and/or software to or from any major markets in which our suppliers and/or customers operate will increase as a result of the implementation of any major tariffs, legislation and/or regulations or regional conflicts or instability, or if existing trade agreements are renegotiated or, in particular, if any foreign government takes retaliatory trade actions due to trade tension between such government and China. Moreover, any political or trade controversies between the United States or any other major global economy and China, or any proposed or new legislation, executive orders or administrative rule making affecting China, whether or not directly related to us or our business and whether or not materialized, could have a material adverse effect on our business operations, results of operations and growth prospects. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">These uncertainties entail risks may materially and adversely affect our business and prospects, and/or your investments in our shares. In September 2021, three United States senators and other commentators expressed concern about our alleged failure to protect U.S. consumers&#8217; data, and some have urged the U.S. government to take actions against us, including adding us to the Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Company List, or the NS-CMIC List. If we were to be added to the NS-CMIC List, U.S. persons would be prohibited from purchasing or otherwise dealing in our publicly traded securities. This could affect the liquidity of our securities and could result in the delisting of the ADSs from U.S. markets. Similarly, United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions maintain other similar lists for purposes of economic sanctions and export control, such as the Entity List administered by BIS. If we were to be added to any of the foregoing lists or targeted by similar programs, our business and prospects, and/or your investments in our shares, may be materially and adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">These various types of actions or government policies, and any further changes in export controls, sanctions or other international trade restrictions, even if merely proposed or threatened, may cause investors to be unwilling to hold or buy our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares and consequently lead to decrease of the liquidity of our shares and cause the trading price of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares to decline, and any unfavorable changes could have a material adverse impact on us, our customers or suppliers, or the industries in which we operate.</p><a id="Thereareuncertaintiesregardingtheinterpr"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. The past decades have seen the progressive legislation by the PRC government designed to enhance the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, because certain laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and their nonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and China is geographically large and divided into various provinces and municipalities. Therefore, different regulations and policies may have different and varying applications and interpretations in different parts of China, and it is possible that we may not be aware in a timely manner that we have been identified to be in violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the occurrence of the violation. In addition, certain administrative and court proceedings in China may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">PRC government has complex regulatory requirements on the conduct of our business and it has recently promulgated certain regulations and rules to exert more oversight over offerings that are conducted overseas and/ or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Such action could significantly limit or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in mainland China and Hong Kong against us or our management based on foreign laws.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya Inc. is an exempted company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Group conducts substantially all of its operations in mainland China, and substantially all of its assets are located outside the United States. In addition, we do not have any material operations in Hong Kong. Furthermore, some of our directors and executive officers reside within mainland China or Hong Kong for a significant portion of the time and are PRC nationals. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or elsewhere outside China upon us, our directors and executive officers, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. </p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">49</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Even if you obtain a judgment against us, our directors or executive officers or the expert named in this annual report in a U.S. court or other court outside China, you may not be able to enforce such judgment against us or them in mainland China or Hong Kong. Neither mainland China nor Hong Kong has treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the Cayman Islands and many other countries and regions, such as the United States. However, subject to certain conditions, including but not limited to when the judgment is for a liquidated amount in a civil matter and not in respect of taxes, fines, penalties or similar charges, the judgment is final and conclusive and has not been stayed or satisfied in full, the proceedings in which the judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice and the enforcement of the judgment is not contrary to public policy of Hong Kong, Hong Kong courts may accept such judgment obtained from a United States court as a debt due under the rules of common law enforcement. Nevertheless, a separate legal action for debt must be commenced in Hong Kong in order to recover such debt from the judgment debtor, and there can be no assurance that such legal action in Hong Kong would be resolved in favor of the judgment debtor. Therefore, recognition and enforcement in mainland China or Hong Kong of judgments of a court in any of foreign jurisdictions in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On July 14, 2006, the Supreme People&#8217;s Court of the PRC and Hong Kong entered into the Arrangement on Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters by the Courts of the Mainland and of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Pursuant to Choice of Court Agreements between Parties Concerned (the &#8220;2006 Arrangement&#8221;). Under the 2006 Arrangement, where any designated PRC court or any designated Hong Kong court has made an enforceable final judgment requiring payment of money in a civil or commercial case under a choice of court agreement in writing, any party concerned may apply to the relevant PRC court or Hong Kong court for recognition and enforcement of the judgment. On January 18, 2019, the Supreme People&#8217;s Court and Hong Kong entered into the Arrangement on Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters by the Courts of the Mainland and of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the &#8220;2019 Arrangement&#8221;), which seeks to establish a mechanism with greater clarity and certainty for recognition and enforcement of judgments in a wider range of civil and commercial matters between Hong Kong and the PRC. The 2019 Arrangement discontinued the requirement for a choice of court agreement for bilateral recognition and enforcement. The 2006 Arrangement was superseded upon the effectiveness of the 2019 Arrangement on January 29, 2024 but remains applicable to a choice of court agreement in writing entered into before the effective date of the 2019 Arrangement. However, we cannot assure you that all final judgments will be recognized and effectively enforced by the relevant PRC court.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Moreover, you may not be able to bring original actions in China based on the U.S. or other foreign laws against us, our directors or executive officers or the expert named in this annual report. In particular, shareholder claims that are common in the United States, including securities law class actions and fraud claims, generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation outside China or otherwise with respect to foreign entities. In the absence of a mutual and practical cooperation mechanism, there has not been efficient regulatory cooperation between the local authorities in China and the securities regulatory authorities in the United States to implement cross-border supervision and administration so far. Although the local authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the United States have not been efficient in the absence of a mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. According to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. Accordingly, without the consent of the competent PRC securities regulators and relevant authorities, no organization or individual may provide the documents and materials relating to securities business activities to overseas parties. See also &#8220;&#8212;Risks Related to Our ADSs&#8212;You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. or Hong Kong courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">50</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Wemayrelyondividendsandotherdistribution"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries in mainland China and Hong Kong to fund</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of these subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya Inc. is a Cayman Islands holding company and we rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity from our subsidiaries in mainland China and Hong Kong for our cash requirements, including for services of any debt we may incur. To the extent cash or assets in the business are in the PRC, including Hong Kong, or a PRC (including Hong Kong) entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC, including Hong Kong, due to interventions in or the impositions of restrictions and limitations on the availability of Tuya Inc., its subsidiaries or the VIE by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets. There is no assurance that the PRC government will not intervene in or impose restrictions on the ability of Tuya Inc., its subsidiaries or the VIE to transfer cash or assets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our PRC subsidiaries&#8217; ability to distribute dividends is based upon their distributable earnings. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of each of their registered capitals. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. If our PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">To address the persistent capital outflow and the RMB&#8217;s depreciation against the U.S. dollar in the fourth quarter of 2016, the People&#8217;s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (&#8220;SAFE&#8221;) implemented a series of capital control measures in the subsequent months, including stricter vetting procedures for China-based companies to remit foreign currency for overseas acquisitions, dividend payments and shareholder loan repayments. For instance, the Circular on Further Promoting the Reform of Foreign Exchange Management and Improving the Verification of Authenticity and Compliance Review (the &#8220;SAFE Circular 3&#8221;) issued on January 18, 2017 provides that the banks shall, when dealing with dividend remittance transactions from a domestic enterprise to its offshore shareholders of more than US$50,000, review the relevant board resolutions, original tax filing form and audited financial statements of such domestic enterprise based on the principal of genuine transaction. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls and our PRC subsidiaries&#8217; dividends and other distributions may be subject to tightened scrutiny in the future. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law (the &#8220;EIT Law&#8221;) and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax at a rate of 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless reduced under treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are tax residents. Pursuant to the tax agreement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise may be reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10% if the Hong Kong enterprise (i) directly holds at least 25% of the PRC enterprise, (ii) is a tax resident in Hong Kong and (iii) could be recognized as a beneficial owner of the dividend from a PRC tax perspective. Under administrative guidance, a Hong Kong resident enterprise must meet the following conditions, among others, in order to apply the reduced withholding tax rate: (i) it must be a company; (ii) it must directly own the required percentage of equity interests and voting rights in the PRC resident enterprise; and (iii) it must have directly owned such required percentage in the PRC resident enterprise throughout the 12 months prior to receiving the dividends. Nonresident enterprises are not required to obtain pre-approval from the relevant tax authority in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax. Instead, nonresident enterprises and their withholding agents may, by self-assessment and on confirmation that the prescribed criteria to enjoy the tax treaty benefits are met, directly apply the reduced withholding tax rate, and file necessary forms and supporting documents when performing tax filings, which will be subject to post-tax filing examinations by the relevant tax authorities. Accordingly, our Hong Kong subsidiary may be able to benefit from the 5% withholding tax rate for the dividends it receives from our PRC subsidiaries, if it satisfies the conditions prescribed under the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues Concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements and other relevant tax rules and regulations. However, if the relevant tax authorities consider the transactions or arrangements we have to be for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the reduced 5% withholding tax rate will apply to dividends received by our Hong Kong subsidiary from our PRC subsidiaries. This withholding tax will reduce the amount of dividends we may receive from our PRC subsidiaries.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">51</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals, may fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the PRC law, legal documents for corporate transactions, including agreements and contracts, are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with relevant PRC market regulation authorities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In order to secure the use of our chops and seals, we have established internal control procedures and rules for using these chops and seals. In any event that the chops and seals are intended to be used, the responsible personnel will submit the application, which will then be verified and approved by authorized employees in accordance with our internal control procedures and rules. In addition, in order to maintain the physical security of our chops, we generally have them stored in secured locations accessible only to authorized employees. However, such internal control procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. There is a risk that our employees could abuse their authority, for example, by entering into a contract not approved by us or seeking to gain control of one of our subsidiaries or the VIE. If any employee obtains, misuses or misappropriates our chops and seals or other controlling non-tangible assets for whatever reason, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve and divert management from our operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If the preferential tax treatments and government subsidies granted by the PRC government become unavailable, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to the PRC corporate income tax at a standard rate of 25% on their taxable income, while in 2021, 2022 and 2023, preferential tax treatment was available to Tuya Information, one of our PRC subsidiaries. Tuya Information was qualified as a &#8220;High-tech Enterprise&#8221; and was entitled to enjoy a 15% beneficial tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023. We cannot assure you that the PRC policies on preferential tax treatments will not change or that the current preferential tax treatments we enjoy or will be entitled to enjoy will not be canceled. Moreover, we cannot assure you that our PRC subsidiaries will be able to renew the same preferential tax treatments upon expiration. If any such change, cancellation or discontinuation of preferential tax treatment occurs, the relevant PRC subsidiaries will be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax (the &#8220;EIT&#8221;) at a rate of 25% on taxable income. As a result, the increase in our tax charge could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may restrict or delay us from using the proceeds of our offshore securities offerings to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries and making loans to the VIE or its subsidiaries, which could adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya Inc. is an offshore holding company and we conduct our operations in China through our PRC subsidiaries and the VIE. We may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries and the VIE, subject to the approval from government authorities and limitation of amount, or we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries in China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Any loans to our PRC subsidiaries in China, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC law, are subject to PRC regulations and foreign exchange loan registrations. For example, loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries in China to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE. In addition, a foreign-invested enterprise shall use its capital pursuant to the principle of authenticity and for self-use within its business scope. The capital of a foreign invested enterprise shall not be used for the following purposes: (i) directly or indirectly used for payment beyond the business scope of the enterprises or the payment prohibited by relevant laws and regulations; (ii) directly or indirectly used for investment in securities investments other than banks&#8217; principal-secured products unless otherwise provided by relevant laws and regulations; (iii) the granting of loans to non-affiliated enterprises, except where it is expressly permitted in the business license; and (iv) paying the expenses related to the purchase of real estate that is not for self-use (except for the foreign-invested real estate enterprises).</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">52</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises (the &#8220;SAFE Circular 19&#8221;), effective in June 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, the Notice from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, and the Circular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses. Although SAFE Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within China, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFE will permit such capital to be used for equity investments in China in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account (the &#8220;SAFE Circular 16&#8221;), effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in SAFE Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to issue loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer any foreign currency we hold to our PRC subsidiaries, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand business in China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Among others, SAFE Circular 28 relaxes prior restrictions and allows foreign-invested enterprises that do not have equity investments in their approved business scope to use their capital obtained from foreign exchange settlement to make domestic equity investments as long as the investments are real and in compliance with the foreign investment-related laws and regulations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans to our PRC subsidiaries or the VIE or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries in China. As a result, uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries or the VIE when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we expect to receive from our future offshore securities offerings and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenue in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our Cayman Islands holding company primarily relies on dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements it may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval of SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. Specifically, under the existing exchange restrictions, without prior approval of SAFE, cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries in China may be used to pay dividends to our company. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we need to obtain SAFE approval to use cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries and the VIE to pay off their respective debt in a currency other than Renminbi owed to entities outside China, or to make other capital expenditure payments outside China in a currency other than Renminbi. The PRC government may at its discretion restrict access to foreign currencies for current account transactions in the future. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">53</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Thefilingapprovalorotheradministrationre"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The filing, approval or other administration requirements of the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC government authorities may be</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> required to maintain our listing status or conduct future offshore securities offerings.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&amp;A Rules, which came into effect on September 8, 2006 and were amended on June 22, 2009. The M&amp;A Rules include, among other things, provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle (the &#8220;SPV&#8221;) that is controlled by PRC domestic companies or individuals and that has been formed for the purpose of an overseas listing of securities through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies or assets to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such SPV&#8217;s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the scope and applicability of the M&amp;A Rules to offshore SPVs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">While the application of the M&amp;A Rules remains unclear, we believe, based on the advice of Jia Yuan Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel, that the CSRC approval mentioned above is not required in our context because (i) our wholly foreign-owned PRC subsidiary was not established through mergers or acquisitions of equity interest or assets of a PRC domestic company owned by PRC companies or individuals as defined under the M&amp;A Rules that are the beneficial owners of our company; and (ii) no provision in the M&amp;A Rules clearly classifies contractual arrangements as a type of transaction subject to the M&amp;A Rules. However, there can be no assurance that the relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as our PRC legal counsel. </p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">54</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On July 6, 2021, the relevant PRC governments promulgated the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities (the &#8220;Opinions&#8221;), which among others provide that the administration and supervision of overseas-listed China-based companies will be strengthened, and the special provisions of the State Council on overseas issuance and listing of shares by such companies will be revised, clarifying the responsibilities of domestic industry competent authorities and regulatory authorities. As a follow-up, on February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the &#8220;Trial Measures&#8221;) and relevant supporting guidelines, collectively, the New Overseas Listing Rules, setting out new filing procedures for China-based companies seeking direct or indirect listings and offerings in overseas markets, which came into force on March 31, 2023. The New Overseas Listing Rules are applicable to PRC domestic companies that seek to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either through direct or indirect means. If an issuer meets both of the following criteria, the overseas securities offering and listing conducted by such issuer shall be deemed as an indirect overseas offering subject to the filing procedures set forth under the New Overseas Listing Rules: (i) 50% or more of the issuer&#8217;s operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent fiscal year are derived from PRC domestic companies; and (ii) the issuer&#8217;s business activities are substantially conducted in mainland China, or its principal place(s) of business are located in mainland China, or the senior managers in charge of its business operations and management are mostly Chinese citizens or domiciled in mainland China. Pursuant to the New Overseas Listing Rules, an issuer listed in an overseas market that contemplates any follow-on offering in the same overseas market where it has previously offered and listed securities should, through its major operating entity incorporated in the PRC, file the required materials with the CSRC within three business days after the completion of such follow-on offering. Furthermore, according to the New Overseas Listing Rules, after an issuer has completed its offering and listed its securities on an overseas stock exchange, the issuer shall submit a report to the CSRC within three business days after the occurrence and public disclosure of certain material events, including (i) a change of control, (ii) investigations of or sanctions imposed on the issuer by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other relevant competent authorities, (iii) changes of listing status or transfers of the listing segment, (iv) a voluntary or mandatory delisting and (v) a material change in its main business operation, as a result of which that issuer is no longer subject to the filing requirements under the New Overseas Listing Rules. The New Overseas Listing Rules provide that in the event of any breach, including any failure to fulfill the filing procedure, or any offering and listing of securities in an overseas market in violation of the measures, the CSRC will order such domestic company to rectify, issue warnings to such domestic company, and impose a fine between RMB1 million and RMB10 million. Fines and warnings will be imposed on persons-in-charge and other persons who are directly liable. In addition, fines will also be imposed on controlling shareholders and actual controllers of the domestic company who initiate or cause the aforesaid non-compliance activities. As these measures and rules are relatively new, it remains uncertain as to their implementation. We may not be able to obtain approval or complete the required filing for any future offshore securities offering, and it is uncertain how long it will take us to obtain such approval or complete such filing, or if we can obtain any waiver of aforesaid requirements if and when procedures are established to obtain such waiver. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining such approval or completing such filing for any future offshore securities offering, or a rescission of any such approval obtained by us, could subject us to sanctions by the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek approval or other governmental authorization or complete the necessary filing for any future offshore securities offering. In any such event, these regulatory authorities may also impose fines and penalties on our operations in China, limit our operating privileges in China, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from any future offshore securities offering into the PRC or take other actions that could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as our ability to complete any future offshore securities offering. The CSRC, the CAC or any other PRC government authorities may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt any future offshore securities offering. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and delivery, you do so at the risk that such settlement and delivery may not occur. Any uncertainties or negative publicity regarding such approval requirements could materially and adversely affect the trading price of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">55</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Certain PRC regulations may affect our ability to pursue growth through acquisitions.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Among other things, the M&amp;A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex. Such regulation requires, among other things, that MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change of control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise, if (i) any important industry is concerned, (ii) such transaction involves factors that have or may have an impact on national economic security, or (iii) such transaction will lead to a change in control of a domestic enterprise which holds a famous trademark or PRC time-honored brand. Moreover, the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of the NPC which became effective in 2008 and was amended in 2022 requires that transactions which are deemed concentrations and involve parties with specified turnover thresholds must be cleared by the relevant anti-monopoly authority before they can be completed. In addition, PRC national security review rules which became effective in September 2011 require acquisitions by foreign investors of PRC companies engaged in military-related or certain other industries that are crucial to national security be subject to security review before consummation of any such acquisition. We may pursue potential strategic acquisitions that are complementary to our business and operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Complying with the requirements of these regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval or clearance from the competent government authority, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are required under PRC laws and regulations to participate in various government-sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we operate our businesses. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations, and we cannot assure you that we are able to make adequate contribution for each employee in a timely and appropriate manner at all time. If we fail to make adequate employee benefit payments, we may be subject to fines, late fees and legal sanctions, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries&#8217; ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us, or may otherwise adversely affect us.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In July 2014, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents&#8217; Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment Through Special Purpose Vehicles (the &#8220;SAFE Circular No. 37&#8221;) to replace the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Residents&#8217; Financing and Roundtrip Investment Through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles (the &#8220;SAFE Circular 75&#8221;), which ceased to be effective upon the promulgation of SAFE Circular No. 37. SAFE Circular No. 37 requires PRC residents (including PRC individuals and PRC corporate entities) to register with SAFE or its local branches in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment activities. SAFE Circular No. 37 is applicable to our shareholders who are PRC residents and may be applicable to any offshore acquisitions that we make in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">SAFE Circular No. 37 requires registration with, and approval from, Chinese government authorities in connection with direct or indirect control of an offshore entity by PRC residents. The term &#8220;control&#8221; under SAFE Circular No. 37 is broadly defined as the operation rights, beneficiary rights or decision-making rights acquired by PRC residents in the offshore SPVs, by means of acquisition, trust, proxy, voting rights, repurchase, convertible bonds or other arrangements. In addition, any PRC resident who is a direct or indirect shareholder of an SPV is required to update its filed registration with the local branch of SAFE with respect to that SPV, to reflect any material change. On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated a Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Foreign Exchange Administration Policy on Direct Investment (the &#8220;SAFE Circular 13&#8221;), which became effective on June 1, 2015. Under SAFE Circular 13, applications for foreign exchange registration of inbound foreign direct investments and outbound overseas direct investments, including those required under SAFE Circular No. 37, will be filed with qualified banks instead of SAFE. The qualified banks will directly examine the applications and accept registrations under the supervision of SAFE.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">56</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">These regulations described above may have a significant impact on our present and future structuring and investment. We intend to structure and execute our future offshore acquisitions in a manner consistent with these regulations and any other relevant legislation. However, because it is presently uncertain how these SAFE regulations and any future legislation concerning offshore or cross-border transactions will be interpreted and implemented by the relevant government authorities in connection with our future offshore financings or acquisitions, we cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to comply with, qualify under or obtain any approvals required by the regulations or other legislation. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that any PRC shareholders of our company or any PRC company into which we invest will be able to comply with those requirements. Any failure or inability by such individuals or entities to comply with SAFE regulations may subject us to fines or legal sanctions, such as restrictions on our cross-border investment activities or our PRC subsidiaries&#8217; ability to distribute dividends to, or obtain foreign exchange-denominated loans from, our company or prevent us from making distributions or paying dividends. As a result, our business operations and our ability to make distributions to you could be materially and adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Furthermore, as these foreign exchange regulations are still relatively new and their interpretation and implementation has been constantly evolving, it is unclear how these regulations, and any future regulation concerning offshore or cross-border transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant government authorities. For example, we may be subject to a more stringent review and approval process with respect to our foreign exchange activities, such as remittance of dividends and foreign currency-denominated borrowings, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we decide to acquire a PRC domestic company, we cannot assure you that we or the owners of such company, as the case may be, will be able to obtain the necessary approvals or complete the necessary filings and registrations required by the foreign exchange regulations. This may restrict our ability to implement our acquisition strategy and could adversely affect our business and prospects.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, replacing earlier rules promulgated in 2007. Pursuant to these rules, PRC citizens and non-PRC citizens who reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year who participate in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiaries of such overseas-listed company, and complete certain other procedures. In addition, an overseas-entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. In addition, SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that PRC residents who participate in a share incentive plan of an overseas non-publicly listed special purpose company may register with SAFE or its local branches before they obtain the incentive shares or exercise the share options. We and our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who reside in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who have been or will be granted incentive shares or options are or will be subject to these regulations. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions, and there may be additional restrictions on their ability to exercise their share options or remit proceeds gained from sale of their shares into the PRC. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under PRC law.</p><a id="IfweareclassifiedasaPRCresidententerpris"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, such classification could result in</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the EIT Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with its &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; within the PRC is considered a &#8220;resident enterprise&#8221; and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at a rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In 2009, the State Administration of Taxation (the &#8220;SAT&#8221;) issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore Incorporated Enterprises as People&#8217;s Republic of China Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies (the &#8220;SAT Circular 82&#8221;), which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the SAT&#8217;s general position on how the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">57</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">According to the SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; in China, and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise&#8217;s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise&#8217;s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We believe our company is not a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term &#8220;de facto management body.&#8221; If the PRC tax authorities determine that our company or any of our offshore subsidiaries is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, our company or the relevant offshore subsidiaries will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its worldwide income at a rate of 25%. Furthermore, if we are treated as a PRC tax resident enterprise, we will be required to withhold a 10% tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, including the holders of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders (including holders of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares) may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 10% on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of the ADSs/Class A ordinary shares, if such gain is treated as derived from a PRC source. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid to our non-PRC individual shareholders (including the holders of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares) and any gain realized on the transfer of the ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares by such shareholders may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 20% (which, in the case of dividends, may be withheld at source by us). These rates may be reduced by an applicable tax treaty, but it is unclear whether our non-PRC shareholders would, in practice, be able to obtain the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We face uncertainty with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC resident companies.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On February 3, 2015, the SAT issued the Public Notice Regarding Certain Corporate Income Tax Matters on Indirect Transfer of Properties by Non-Tax Resident Enterprises (the &#8220;SAT Bulletin 7&#8221;), which came into effect on the same day, but will also apply to cases where their PRC tax treatments are not yet concluded. The SAT Bulletin 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to transactions involving the transfer of taxable assets through offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, the SAT Bulletin 7 has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity securities through a public securities market. The SAT Bulletin 7 also brings challenges to both foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of taxable assets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On October 17, 2017, the SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source (the &#8220;SAT Bulletin 37&#8221;), which came into effect on December 1, 2017. The SAT Bulletin 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of the withholding of non-resident enterprise income tax.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Where a non-resident enterprise transfers taxable assets in China indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, or an Indirect Transfer, the non-resident enterprise as either transferor or transferee, or the PRC entity whose equity is transferred, may report such Indirect Transfer to the relevant tax authority. Using a &#8220;substance over form&#8221; principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such Indirect Transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. Both the transferor and the transferee may be subject to penalties under PRC tax laws if the transferee fails to withhold the taxes and the transferor fails to pay the taxes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">58</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries and investments. Our company may be subject to filing obligations or taxed if our company is a transferor in such transactions, and may be subject to withholding obligations if our company is transferee in such transactions, under the SAT Bulletin 7 and/or SAT Bulletin 37. For transfer of shares in our company that do not qualify for the public securities market safe harbor by investors who are non-PRC resident enterprises, our PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing under the SAT Bulletin 7 and/or SAT Bulletin 37. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with the SAT Bulletin 7 and/or SAT Bulletin 37 or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to establish that our company should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Regulation and censorship of information disseminated over the internet in China may adversely affect our business and reputation and subject us to liability </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">for</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> information displayed on our website.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">China has enacted laws and regulations governing internet access and the distribution of products, services, news, information, audio-video programs and other content through the internet. In the past, the PRC government has prohibited the distribution of information through the internet that it deems to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations. If any of the information offered on our platform were deemed by the PRC government to violate any content restrictions, we would not be able to continue to display such content and could become subject to penalties, including confiscation of income, fines, suspension of business and revocation of required licenses, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><a id="Tradinginoursecuritieswillbeprohibitedun"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Trading in our securities will be prohibited under the HFCAA if the PCAOB determines that it is unable to inspect or investigate</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including our auditor as an independent registered public accounting firm, and as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as the NYSE, may determine to delist our securities.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included in this annual report, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards. Our auditor is located in China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB was historically unable to conduct inspections and investigations completely, without the approval of the Chinese authorities. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China in the past has made it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm&#8217;s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections. As a result, investors were deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In recent years, U.S. regulatory authorities have continued to express their concerns about challenges in their oversight of financial statement audits of U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. More recently, as part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law, in particular China&#8217;s, the United States enacted the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, in December 2020. Trading in our securities on U.S. markets, including the NYSE, will be prohibited under the HFCAA if the PCAOB determines that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including our auditor as an independent registered public accounting firm, for two consecutive years. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued the HFCAA Determination Report to notify the SEC of its determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong (the &#8220;2021 Determinations&#8221;), including our auditor. On May 26, 2022, we were conclusively identified by the SEC under the HFCAA as having filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that cannot be inspected or investigated completely by the PCAOB in connection with the filing of our 2021 Form 20-F. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections in the past also deprived our investors of the benefits of such inspections. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to conduct inspections and investigations completely of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2022. The PCAOB vacated its previous 2021 Determinations accordingly. As a result, we do not expect to be identified as a &#8220;Commission-Identified Issuer&#8221; under the HFCAA for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 after we file this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">59</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">However, whether the PCAOB will continue to conduct inspections and investigations completely to its satisfaction of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our, and our auditor&#8217;s, control, including positions taken by authorities of the PRC. The PCAOB is expected to continue to demand complete access to inspections and investigations against accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong in the future and states that it has already made plans to resume regular inspections. The PCAOB is required under the HFCAA to make its determination on an annual basis in regard to its ability to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong. The possibility of being a &#8220;Commission-Identified Issuer&#8221; and risk of delisting could continue to adversely affect the trading price of our securities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and we continue to use such accounting firm to conduct audit work, we would be identified as a &#8220;Commission-Identified Issuer&#8221; under the HFCAA following the filing of the annual report for the relevant fiscal year. If the PCAOB determines in the future that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including our auditor as an independent registered public accounting firm, for two consecutive years, trading in our securities on U.S. markets will be prohibited. This will substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase the ADSs when you wish to do so. Furthermore, such trading prohibition will significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which will have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Risks Related to Our ADSs and Class A Ordinary Shares</p><a id="ThepriceandtradingvolumeofourADSsandClas"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The price and trading volume of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares may be volatile, which could lead to substantial losses to</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> investors.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The trading price of the ADSs has been volatile since the ADSs started to trade on the NYSE on March 18, 2021. The trading price of the ADSs could continue to fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. The trading price of our Class A ordinary shares, likewise, can be volatile for similar or different reasons. In particular, the business and performance and the market price of the shares of other companies engaging in similar business to ours or those with operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States or Hong Kong may affect the price and trading volume of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume of our ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">variations in our revenues, earnings or cash flow;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">fluctuations in operating metrics;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, capital raisings or capital commitments or joint ventures by us or our competitors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">announcements of new solutions and services and expansions by us or our competitors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">detrimental negative publicity about us, our competitors or our industry;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">announcements of new regulations, rules or policies relevant to our business;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">additions or departures of key personnel;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">allegations of a lack of effective internal control over financial reporting, inadequate corporate governance policies or fraud, among other things, involving China-based issuers;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our major shareholders&#8217; business performance and reputation;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">release of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities;</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">60</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">regulatory developments affecting us or our industry;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">political or trade tensions between the United States and China;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">potential litigation or regulatory investigations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">fluctuations of exchange rates among Renminbi, the U.S. dollar and the Hong Kong dollar; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">sales or perceived potential sales of additional ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will trade. Furthermore, the stock exchanges on which our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares are traded in general experience price and volume fluctuations that are often unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies like us. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management&#8217;s attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether successful or not, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.</p><a id="Theconcentrationofoursharesvotingpower_3"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The concentration of our </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">shares&#8217;</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> voting power limited our shareholders&#8217; ability to influence corporate matters.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our company is controlled through weighted voting rights. Each Class A ordinary share carries only one tenth (1/10) of the voting rights of each Class B ordinary share under our current memorandum and articles of association (except as required by applicable law, rules and regulations and in relation to certain reserved matters). As of April 10, 2024, there were 574,592,599 issued and outstanding ordinary shares, consisting of 504,387,299 Class A ordinary shares (including 5,433,895 Class A ordinary shares issued to the depositary bank for bulk issuance of ADSs reserved for future issuances upon the exercise or vesting of awards granted under our 2015 Plan and 9,578,811 Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs that have been repurchased by us from the open market) and 70,205,300 Class B ordinary shares. Mr. Xueji Wang and Mr. Liaohan Chen beneficially owned 72,194,700 Class A ordinary shares and 70,205,300 Class B ordinary shares, representing approximately 65.0% of the voting rights in our company with respect to shareholder resolutions relating to matters other than certain reserved matters, on the basis that Class A ordinary shares entitle shareholders to one vote per share and Class B ordinary shares entitle shareholders to 10 votes per share. As a result, Mr. Wang and Mr. Chen have significant influence over management and affairs of our company and over all matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors (excluding the appointment, election or removal of any independent non-executive director) and significant corporate transactions, such as a mergers, consolidations, liquidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, and other significant corporate actions. In addition, the issuance of the Class A ordinary shares, including future stock-based acquisition transactions and employee equity incentive programs, could prolong the duration of the ownership of Mr. Wang and Mr. Chen of our voting power and their ability to determine the outcome of most matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders. This concentrated control limits or severely restricts our shareholders&#8217; ability to influence corporate matters, and therefore we may take actions that our shareholders do not view as beneficial. As a result, the market price of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares could be adversely affected. This concentrated control could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial, and may also discourage, delay, or prevent a change of control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">61</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="HoldersoftheADSsmaynothavethesamevotingr"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Holders of the ADSs may not have the same voting rights as the holders of our Class A ordinary shares and may not be able to</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> exercise their right to direct how our Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs are voted.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Holders of the ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. Holders of the ADSs will not have any direct right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings and will only be able to exercise the voting rights that are carried by the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs indirectly by giving voting instructions to the depositary in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under the deposit agreement, holders of the ADSs may vote only by giving voting instructions to the depositary. If we instruct the depositary to ask holders of the ADSs for their instructions, then upon receipt of voting instructions from holders of the ADSs, the depositary will try, as far as practicable, to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs in accordance with the instructions. If we do not instruct the depositary to ask holders of the ADSs for their instructions, the depositary may still vote in accordance with instructions given, but it is not required to do so. Holders of the ADSs will not be able to directly exercise their right to vote with respect to the Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs unless holders of the ADSs withdraw the shares and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting. Under the Articles, the minimum notice period required to be given by our company to our registered shareholders for convening a general meeting is seven business days.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">When a general meeting is convened, holders of the ADSs may not receive sufficient advance notice of the meeting to surrender their ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal of our Class A ordinary shares represented by such ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares to allow them to vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to be considered and voted upon at the general meeting. In addition, under the Articles, for the purposes of determining those shareholders who are entitled to attend and vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and fix in advance a record date for such meeting, and such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent holders of the ADSs from surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawing our Class A ordinary shares represented by such ADSs and becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date, so that they would not be able to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. If we ask for instructions, the depositary will notify holders of the ADSs of the upcoming vote and will arrange to deliver our voting materials to them. We have agreed to give the depositary at least 40 days&#8217; prior notice of shareholder meetings. Nevertheless, there is no guarantee that holders of the ADSs will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that holders of the ADSs can instruct the depositary to vote the Class A ordinary shares represented by their ADSs. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their manner of carrying out voting instructions from holders of the ADSs. This means that holders of the ADSs may not be able to exercise their right to direct how our Class A ordinary shares represented by their ADSs are voted and they may have no legal remedy if our Class A ordinary shares represented by their ADSs are not voted as they have requested.</p><a id="Ourdualclassvotingstructuremayrenderours"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our dual-class voting structure may render our securities ineligible for inclusion in certain stock market indices, and thus</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> adversely affect the trading price and liquidity of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We cannot predict whether our dual-class share structure with different voting rights will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, in adverse publicity, or other adverse consequences. Certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multi-class share structures in certain of their indices. For example, S&amp;P Dow Jones and FTSE Russell have changed their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the S&amp;P 500, to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares and companies whose public shareholders hold no more than 5% of total voting power from being added to such indices. As a result, our dual-class voting structure may prevent the inclusion of our securities in such indices, which could adversely affect the trading price and liquidity of our securities. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of the multiple class structure and our dual-class structure may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance, in which case the market price and liquidity of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares could be adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">62</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Ifsecuritiesorindustryanalystsdonotpubli"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> recommendations regarding our securities, the market price and trading volume for our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares could decline.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The trading market for our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares to decline.</p><a id="Substantialfuturesalesorperceivedsalesof"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Substantial future sales or perceived sales of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares could materially and adversely affect their</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> market price.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Sales of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our securities to decline. Shares held by our existing shareholders may be available for sale subject to the volume and other restrictions as applicable provided in Rules 144 and 701 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), and the applicable lock-up agreements. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders or any other shareholder or the availability of these securities for future sale will have on the market price of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have granted equity-based awards to certain management, employees and non-employees. In addition, we adopted a share incentive plan in 2015 (the &#8220;2015 Plan&#8221;), under which we may have the discretion to grant a range of equity-based awards to eligible participants. We intend to register all ordinary shares that we have issued or that we may issue in connection with any employee share-based awards. Once we register these ordinary shares, ADSs representing them can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to volume limitations applicable to affiliates and the applicable lock-up agreements. If ADSs representing a large number of our ordinary shares or securities convertible into our ordinary shares are sold in the public market after they become eligible for sale, the sales could reduce the trading price of the ADSs and impede our ability to raise future capital. In addition, any ordinary shares that we issue under our share incentive plan would dilute the percentage ownership held by investors who purchase the ADSs.</p><a id="Techniquesemployedbyshortsellersmaydrive"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Techniques employed by short sellers may drive down the market price of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities back at a later date to return to the lender. Short sellers hope to profit from a decline in the price of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as short sellers expect to pay less in that purchase than they received in the sale. As it is in the short sellers&#8217; interest for the price of the security to decline, many short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, negative opinions regarding the relevant issuer and its business prospects in order to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves after selling a security short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China. Much of the scrutiny and negative publicity has centered on allegations of a lack of effective internal control over financial reporting resulting in financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result, many of these companies are now conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations and, in the interim, are subject to shareholder lawsuits and/or enforcement actions by the SEC or other U.S. authorities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">It is not clear what effect such negative publicity could have on us. If we were to become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we could have to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend ourselves. While we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the manner in which we can proceed against the relevant short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable state law or issues of commercial confidentiality. Such a situation could be costly and time-consuming, and could distract our management from growing our business. Even if such allegations are ultimately proven to be groundless, allegations against us could severely impact our business operations, and any investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares could be greatly reduced or even rendered worthless.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">63</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Becausewedonotexpecttopaydividendsinthef"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on a price appreciation of our ADSs or Class A</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> ordinary shares for a return on your investment.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares as a source for any future dividend income. Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions (if any) received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of such securities. There is no guarantee that our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which you purchased them. You may not realize a return on your investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares and you may even lose your entire investment.</p><a id="Youmayfacedifficultiesinprotectingyourin"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. or Hong Kong courts</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by the Articles, the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England and Wales, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in the United States or Hong Kong. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. Moreover, while under Delaware law, controlling shareholders owe fiduciary duties to the companies they control and their minority shareholders, under Cayman Islands law, our controlling shareholders do not owe any such fiduciary duties to our company or to our minority shareholders. Accordingly, our controlling shareholders may exercise their powers as shareholders, including the exercise of voting rights in respect of their shares, in such manner as they think fit.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the Articles, the register of mortgages and charges and any special resolutions passed by shareholders) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. To the extent permissible under the Articles and that shall be in compliance with applicable stock exchange rules, our directors have discretion under our Articles to determine the closure of the register of members. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by our management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States.</p><a id="Itmaybedifficultforoverseasregulatorstoc"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigations or collect evidence within China.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation that are common in the United States generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigation initiated outside China. In the absence of a mutual and practical cooperation mechanism, there has not been efficient regulatory cooperation between the local authorities in China and the securities regulatory authorities in the United States to implement cross-border supervision and administration so far. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">64</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law (the &#8220;Article 177&#8221;), which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under Article 177 have yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China may further increase difficulties faced by you in protecting your interests.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Holders of the ADSs may not receive cash dividends if the depositary decides it is impractical to make them available to such holders.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary will pay cash dividends on the ADSs only to the extent that we decide to distribute dividends on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities, and we do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. To the extent that there is a distribution, the depositary of the ADSs has agreed to pay to holders of the ADSs the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. Holders of the ADSs will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of ordinary shares the ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at its discretion, decide that it is inequitable or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of the ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may decide not to distribute such property to holders of the ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Holders of the ADSs may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, holders of the ADSs waive the right to a jury trial for any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If we or the depositary were to oppose a jury trial based on this waiver, the court would have to determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of the case in accordance with applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement, or by a federal or state court in the City of New York, which has non-exclusive jurisdiction over matters arising under the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this would be the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before investing in the ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If owners or holders of the ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, owners or holders of the ADSs may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us or the depositary. If a lawsuit is brought against us or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have, including outcomes that could be less favorable to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or the ADSs serves as a waiver by any owners or holders of the ADSs or by us or the depositary of compliance with any substantive provision of the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">65</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Holders of the ADSs may experience dilution of their holdings due to the inability to participate in rights offerings.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire securities. However, we cannot make such rights available to holders of the ADSs in the United States unless we register both the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not distribute rights to holders of the ADSs unless the distribution and sale of rights and the securities to which these rights relate are either exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of the ADSs, or are registered under the provisions of the Securities Act. The depositary may, but is not required to, attempt to sell these undistributed rights to third parties, and may allow the rights to lapse. We may be unable to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to have a registration statement declared effective. Accordingly, holders of the ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution of their holdings as a result.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Holders of the ADSs may be subject to limitations on the transfer of the ADSs.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its books at any time or from time to time when it deems it expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. The depositary may also close its books in emergencies, and on weekends and public holidays. The depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of the ADSs generally when our share register or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary thinks it is advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are an &#8220;emerging growth company,&#8221; as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as we remain an emerging growth company. As a result, if we elect not to comply with such auditor attestation requirements, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our Articles give us power to take certain actions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us, which could limit your opportunity to sell your shares, including ADSs, at a premium.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our Articles give us power to take certain actions that could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. Subject to the Articles, compliance with the Hong Kong Listing Rules (and only to such extent permitted thereby), the Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and any applicable rules and regulations of authorities of places where the securities of our company are listed, and on the conditions that (i) no new class of shares with voting rights superior to those of Class A ordinary shares will be created and (ii) any variation in the relative rights as between the different classes will not result in creating a new class of shares with voting rights superior to those of Class A ordinary shares, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our Company or make removal of management more difficult. If our Board decides to issue preferred shares, the price of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares may be materially and adversely affected. However, our exercise of any such power that may limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions under the Articles is subject to our overriding obligations to comply with all applicable Hong Kong laws and regulations, the Hong Kong Listing Rules, and the Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Buy-backs.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">66</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the NYSE. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer, which may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We will incur increased costs as a public company, particularly after we cease to qualify as an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; as such term is defined under the JOBS Act of the United States.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and NYSE, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, as a public company, we have increased the number of independent directors and adopted policies regarding internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. We also expect that operating as a public company will make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. In addition, we have incurred, and will continue to incur, additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a company with less than US$1.235 billion in revenues for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting and permission to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. After we are no longer an &#8220;emerging growth company,&#8221; we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the past, shareholders of a public company often brought securities class action suits against the company following periods of instability in the market price of that company&#8217;s securities. Any such class action suit could divert a significant amount of our management&#8217;s attention and other resources from our business and operations, which could harm our results of operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit. In addition, any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. Furthermore, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">67</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the NYSE corporate governance listing standards.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a Cayman Islands exempted company listed on the NYSE, we are subject to corporate governance listing standards of the NYSE. However, NYSE rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the NYSE corporate governance listing standards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have followed Cayman Islands corporate governance practices in lieu of certain corporate governance requirements of the NYSE that listed companies must have (i) a nominating / corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors; and (ii) a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors. As we have chosen, and may from time to time choose, to follow home country practice, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would enjoy under NYSE corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If we were deemed to be an &#8220;investment company&#8221; under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the &#8220;Investment Company Act&#8221;), applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We intend to conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, an entity generally will be deemed to be an &#8220;investment company&#8221; for purposes of the Investment Company Act if, absent an applicable exemption: (a) it is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities or (b) it is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities, and owns or proposes to acquire securities (other than U.S. government securities, securities issued by employees&#8217; securities companies and securities issued by qualifying majority-owned subsidiaries of such entity) having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We believe that we are, and hold ourselves out as being, engaged primarily in the business of IoT related product and service offerings, including PaaS and SaaS (such as Industry SaaS, Cloud-based software Value-added Services), based on a purpose-built cloud development platform, as well as smart solutions for IoT devices and not in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Accordingly, we do not believe that the Company is what is frequently referred to as an &#8220;orthodox&#8221; investment company as defined in the Investment Company Act and described in clause (a) in the preceding paragraph. Furthermore, on an unconsolidated basis, at least 60% of the value of the Company&#8217;s total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) consists of direct equity interests in and/or loans to its direct or indirect qualifying majority-owned subsidiaries. We believe these subsidiaries are each qualifying majority-owned subsidiaries for purposes of the test described in clause (a) in the preceding paragraph, because such subsidiaries are primarily engaged in the business of providing internet-of-things products and services, and are either (i) not investment companies under the 40% test described in clause (b) in the preceding paragraph, because each such subsidiary does not hold securities (other than U.S. government securities, securities issued by employees&#8217; securities companies and securities issued by qualifying majority owned subsidiaries of such entity) having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis or (ii) not investment companies under exemptions under the Investment Company Act, such as for companies that are not primarily engaged in investing in securities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The need to comply with Section 3(a)(1), or exemptions, under the Investment Company Act may cause us to restrict our business and subsidiaries with respect to how we invest excess cash pending use in our business. In addition, if we no longer meet the requirements of Section 3(a)(1), and no other exemption is available to us, we may take other actions in order to conduct our business in a manner that does not subject us to the registration and other requirements of the Investment Company Act. This may include adjusting our cash management assets, which may result in lower rates of returns, and/or liquidating all or a portion of our investment securities (including potentially short- and/or long-term bank time deposits), including on unfavorable terms, and holding such amounts in cash, and/or acquiring assets or businesses that could change the nature of our business or potentially taking other actions that may be viewed as adverse to the holders of our ADS or ordinary shares, in order to conduct our business in a manner that does not subject us to the registration and other requirements of the Investment Company Act.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">68</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If anything were to happen which would cause the Company to be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may lose our ability to raise money in the U.S. capital markets and from U.S. lenders, and additional restrictions under the Investment Company Act could apply to us, all of which could make it impractical for us to continue our business as currently conducted. This would materially and adversely affect the value of our ADS or ordinary shares and our ability to pay dividends in respect of our ADS or ordinary shares.</p><a id="Wewerelikelyapassiveforeigninvestmentcom"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We were likely a passive foreign investment company (a &#8220;PFIC&#8221;) for 2023 and there is a significant risk that we will be a PFIC for</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> 2024 and possibly subsequent taxable years, in which case U.S. investors will generally be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In general, a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC for any taxable year in which (i) 75% or more of its gross income consists of passive income or (ii) 50% or more of the average value of its assets (generally determined on a quarterly basis) consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of the above calculations, a non-U.S. corporation that owns (or is treated as owning for U.S. federal income tax purposes), directly or indirectly, at least 25% by value of the shares of another corporation is treated as if it held its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and received directly its proportionate share of the income of the other corporation. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents, royalties and certain gains. Cash is generally a passive asset for these purposes. Goodwill and other intangible assets are active under the PFIC rules to the extent attributable to activities that produce active income.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We hold a substantial amount of cash and financial investments, and while that continues to be the case our PFIC status for any taxable year may depend on the average value of our goodwill and other intangible assets. We have not obtained any valuation of our goodwill or other assets. However, the value of our goodwilland other intangible assets for any taxable year may be determined, in large part, by reference to our average market capitalization, which has declined substantially since our initial public offering. If the value of our goodwill for 2023 is determined by reference to our average market capitalization for 2023, then we were likely a PFIC for our 2023 taxable year. In light of our declined market capitalization, there is a significant risk that we will also be a PFIC for 2024, and possibly future taxable years, if the value of our assets were to be determined by reference to our market capitalization. Moreover, it is not entirely clear how the contractual arrangements between us and the VIE will be treated for purposes of the PFIC rules, and we may be a PFIC for any taxable year if the VIE is not treated as owned by us for these purposes. Our PFIC status for any taxable year is an annual factual determination that can be made only after the end of that year and will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time. For these reasons, we cannot express an expectation as to our PFIC status for 2024 or any future taxable year. U.S. holders of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares should consult their tax advisers regarding our PFIC status for 2023 and any other taxable year.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. taxpayer holds ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, the U.S. taxpayer generally will be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, including increased tax liability on disposition gains and &#8220;excess distributions,&#8221; and certain reporting requirements. This will generally continue to be the case even if we ceased to be a PFIC in a later taxable year, unless certain elections are made. See &#8220;Item 10. Additional Information&#8212;10.E. Taxation&#8212;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&#8212;Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">69</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Your investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares may be impacted if we are encouraged to issue CDRs in the future.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">PRC government authorities have issued new rules that allow PRC technology companies listed outside China to list on the mainland stock market through the creation of Chinese Depositary Receipts (&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">CDRs</b>&#8221;). However, as the CDR mechanism is newly established, there are substantial uncertainties in the interpretation and implementation of these rules. We might consider and be encouraged by the evolving PRC governmental policies to issue CDRs and allow investors to trade our CDRs on PRC stock exchanges in the future. However, there are uncertainties as to whether a pursuit of CDRs in China would bring positive or negative impact on your investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</p><a id="_0392fbb2_e160_4595_95c0_e33ce1cec314"></a><a id="ITEM4INFORMATIONONTHECOMPANY_675730"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 4.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">4.A.</b></span>History and Development of the Company</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We commenced our operations in June 2014 through Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd., or Hangzhou Tuya Technology.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In August 2014, Tuya, Inc., our current ultimate holding company, was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In September 2014, Tuya (HK) Limited, currently a wholly owned subsidiary of Tuya Inc., was incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In December 2014, Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.) (&#8220;Tuya Information&#8221;) was incorporated in the PRC. Tuya Information is currently a wholly owned subsidiary of Tuya (HK) Limited.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In June 2018, we effected a 10-for-1 share subdivision, following which each of our issued and unissued ordinary shares and preferred shares was subdivided into 10 ordinary shares and preferred shares, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In March 2021, our ADSs commenced trading on the NYSE under the symbol &#8220;TUYA.&#8221; We raised, from our initial public offering and from the underwriters&#8217; exercise of option to purchase additional ADSs, approximately US$904.7 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting commissions and the offering expenses paid by us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On July 5, 2022, Hong Kong time, our Class A ordinary shares commenced trading on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange under the stock code &#8220;2391.&#8221; We raised from our global offering in connection with the listing in Hong Kong approximately HK$70.0 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting commissions, fees and the offering expenses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">4.B.</b></span>Business Overview</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">A REVIEW OF 2023</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">2023 marked a key year for Tuya with significant strategic adjustments and transformations. We confirmed the success of our strategies focused on key customers and product enhancement. The close integration of these strategies significantly improved our business and operational performance.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">After a severe industry downturn, our revenue grew by 10.5% year-over-year to US$230 million, with a remarkable increase of approximately 35.7% and 42.2% in the third and fourth quarters, respectively. In the meantime, the competitive landscape has shifted, with many competitors exiting after two years of macroeconomic and industry downturns, particularly some major companies&#8217; IoT businesses were disconnected due to low competitiveness and efficiency. More leading brands are now willing to use third-party IoT platforms to enhance efficiency, profitability, and cost-effectiveness. This shift presents us with an opportunity, as we now have stronger global influence and competitiveness than two years ago, leading to new collaborations with top-tier customers. Additionally, our overall gross margin steadily improved, reaching a historic quarterly high of 47.3% in the fourth quarter of 2023.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">This year, we achieved our first annual non-GAAP breakeven, with profits of approximately US$20.4 million and operational net cash flow of about $36.4 million. The turnaround in non-GAAP net profit and the increase in net operating cash flow indicate stronger daily operations and improved operational efficiency due to our strategies.</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">70</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:172.5pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Recognizing the need to deliver greater value to our customers, we implemented a product enhancement strategy, offering more valuable and competitive software and smart device products.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">For selected smart device categories with complex and high-value potential, we have developed capabilities beyond the scope of IoT, such as advanced algorithms related to navigation, streaming capabilities, and gateway software protocols, integrating them into smart devices as comprehensive products. Our complete smart solutions help enterprise customers quickly deploy tailored devices to competitively expand their market share. For example, cross-sector international conglomerates, SaaS services providers or system integrators use these smart solutions for easier and faster market entry, which drives ongoing software revenue growth. Consequently, our smart device distribution segment&#8217;s gross margin effectively grew from 11.6% in 2022 to 25.5% in 2023, thanks to contributions from smart solutions.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Our Cube smart private cloud product has gained strong acceptance among global giants, helping them build their own intelligent business. In 2023, we completed several benchmark projects that were well-received by customers, generating substantial software revenue. Starting in the Southeast Asia region, Cube has helped large conglomerates establish their own smart businesses, solidifying our customer base and influence among influential local groups, such as large integrated conglomerates, telecommunications operators, and leading real estate groups. Cube has also started to make progress in Europe and Latin America, fostering further cooperation in smart business between these major groups, professional giants, and Tuya, and enhancing our public cloud-based IoT developer business ecosystem.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">These achievements are the result of our resolute and effective adjustments in business and operational strategies over the past two years, coupled with our team&#8217;s hard work. Throughout our development journey, from device intelligence in the early stages, to spatial intelligence around 2020, and now providing complete smart business solutions to global giants, we have refined our offerings, as evidenced by our successful 2023 financial results. Moving forward, we remain committed to our mission of &#8220;building an IoT developer ecosystem and enabling everything to be smart.&#8221;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231x20f004.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:172.4pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0.1pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:363.16pt;"/></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">OVERVIEW</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have pioneered a purpose-built IoT cloud development platform that delivers a full suite of offerings, including Platform-as-a-Service (&#8220;PaaS&#8221;), Software-as-a-Service (&#8220;Saas&#8221;) and smart solutions for IoT devices. Through our IoT cloud development platform, we deliver a variety of offerings. Our IoT PaaS offering enables businesses, including original equipment manufacturers (&#8220;OEMs&#8221;) and brands, and developers to develop, launch, manage and monetize software-enabled smart devices and services. Our SaaS offering includes Industry SaaS that enables businesses to deploy, connect, and manage large numbers and different types of smart devices in different vertical scenarios, Cloud-based Software Value-added Services that provide end users with additional smart scenario features such as cloud storage, and Cube Smart Private Cloud Solution that enables large-scale conglomerates to build their own autonomous and controllable IoT platforms. We also offer businesses, developers and end users a diverse range of other cloud-based value-added services to improve their ability to develop and manage IoT experiences. Additionally, we offer smart solutions for IoT devices in which we provide customers with smart devices that integrated intelligent software capabilities beyond IoT. Through our IoT cloud development platform, we have enabled developers to activate a vibrant IoT ecosystem of brands, OEMs, partners and end users to engage and communicate through a broad range of smart devices.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">71</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our platform benefits from network effects driven by our ecosystem of developers, businesses, partners and end users. End users of smart devices demand a single interface to interact with various types of devices from different brands&#8212;an experience similar to using different apps on one smartphone. Our platform provides an open architecture to connect any device from any brand, while enabling users to manage all devices across brands through a single portal. As a result, we believe that as our platform continues to grow, more brands and OEMs want to join our platform to integrate their devices onto the single user interface through which devices from other brands are connected. These self-reinforcing network effects further increase our brand awareness and generate word-of-mouth referrals, helping us build an extensive, vibrant and increasingly interconnected IoT ecosystem.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our offerings enable customers across a broad range of industry verticals, such as smart home, smart business, renewable energy, education, agriculture, outdoors and sport, and entertainment. We have cultivated a large and diversified customer base, primarily including brands, OEMs, industry operators and system integrators. Starting from the end of 2021, we have been strategically optimizing our customer base to focus more on key account enterprises. In 2023, we served approximately 6,100 customers and our IoT platform empowered approximately 3,800 brands to develop their smart devices, including leading brands and enterprises such as Calex, Philips, Schneider Electric, Sharp, ABB, SCG and Haier NAHUI. Our IoT PaaS currently enables businesses and developers across over 200 countries and regions globally to develop smart devices in approximately 2,900 categories. We have established a large and active community of approximately 993,000 registered IoT device and software developers as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the past, our business has scaled rapidly by leveraging our strong software and robust platform-based delivery capabilities. However, in the second half of 2021, the global consumer electronics sector started to experience a significant and growing supply-demand mismatch, a situation where the supply of the products available exceeds the demand, resulting in a high level of inventory of manufacturers and distributors. As a result, our customers, who are mostly consumer electronics brands and OEMs, were negatively impacted, as were our own business operations. Since 2022, the ongoing inflationary pressures and global events such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the energy shortage have further aggravated these issues. We, for the first time since our inception, experienced a decrease in our annual revenue in 2022. Amid the high global inflation, the entire industry has entered a destocking cycle. In 2023, we continued to observe a moderately declining yet persisting overall inflation, and we expect that it will continue affecting the discretionary consumer electronics spending. In addition, we have seen industry-wide efforts to normalize downstream inventory, and implemented strategic initiatives that align with these efforts. As a result, we restored annual revenue growth in 2023. See &#8220;Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects&#8212;5.A. Operating Results&#8212;Discussion of Results of Operations. Looking ahead, on the supply chain front, we expect downstream inventory levels to be normalizing ongoingly, providing downstream smart device manufacturers, brands, and retail channels with greater flexibility and resilience to adapt their operational and procurement plans as necessary. This, in turn, will revitalize their investment in smart business. Overall, discretionary consumer electronic spending alongside enterprise procurement is expected to prioritize cost-effectiveness, reflecting a balanced approach widely adopted in the current economic climate.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Challenges in the IoT Era</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">By transforming the way people interact with the physical world, IoT is also changing how brands and OEMs develop products. With favorable technology drivers, consumers are increasingly demanding a software-like experience&#8212;in addition to the traditional physical interfaces&#8212;when interacting with devices. As a result, brands and OEMs are seeking to build software capabilities in order to offer IoT-enabled smart devices.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">However, for brands and OEMs, building software capabilities from scratch is both costly and time-consuming, causing many of their IoT ventures to be unsuccessful. While a limited number of leading brands have built their own IoT solutions, these solutions often are restricted to their own products, or products of their selected business partners, and the vast majority of brands and OEMs globally simply do not have the capital and technology expertise necessary to develop and deploy software across millions of devices, according to CIC. Brands, OEMs and developers face a number of challenges in delivering software-enabled IoT offerings, such as (i) lack of development talent and capabilities, (ii) high cost and complexity to develop platforms, tools and applications, (iii) long development cycles, (iv) lack of standardized, easy-to-use software infrastructure and tools for developers and (v) inconsistent user experience caused by the fragmented market due to the variety of IoT device categories and products across the brands and regions. These significant challenges can affect the end user experience and create the need for a third-party IoT platform that takes care of the complexities of developing, launching, supporting and growing IoT software and unifying the IoT standards among fragmentation, so businesses and developers can leverage full-stack infrastructure and tools to develop devices and software applications with ease.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">72</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:171.03pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Tuya Solution&#8212;an IoT Cloud Development Platform</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya was founded to solve exactly these challenges. We offer what we call an &#8220;IoT cloud development platform&#8221;&#8212;a platform that is open to all types of brands, OEMs and developers from across the world where they can access a common infrastructure and all the ready-to-use software, development tools and services needed to develop and manage smart devices. According to CIC, we offered the world&#8217;s first IoT cloud development platform, giving us significant first-mover advantages in attracting and building long-term relationships with brands and OEMs globally.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our IoT cloud development platform is one-stop and cloud-agnostic and allows our brands and OEMs to digitalize their businesses and transform the experience of their end users across a diverse range of use cases. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We use &#8220;IoT cloud development platform&#8221; as a collective term to refer to a combination of the various IoT capabilities, products and services that we offer to brands, OEMs, developers, partners and end users. As illustrated in the diagram below, our IoT cloud development platform encompasses the various IoT developer kits and cloud infrastructure capabilities and our products and services built upon such capabilities. Our &#8220;IoT cloud infrastructure capabilities&#8221; refer to various core capabilities offered by our critical technologies, i.e., Things Technology Platform (TTP), Application Enabling Platform (AEP) and Business Technology Platform (BTP). For more information, see &#8220;&#8212;Our Technologies.&#8221; Through our platform we have established an ecosystem of brands, OEMs, developers, partners and end users.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231x20f005.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:170.43pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0.6pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:312.41pt;"/></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The foundation of our solution is Tuya IoT Cloud infrastructure, our unified underlying cloud infrastructure that provides a suite of infrastructure capabilities and developer kits. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Based upon our Tuya IoT cloud infrastructure capabilities, we offer the following major products and services:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">IoT PaaS. </b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">IoT PaaS provides brands and OEMs with a common software infrastructure and ready-to-use software and development tools that they need to develop, manage and upgrade smart devices. IoT PaaS combines cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, edge capabilities, app development and device optimization solutions, which we believe are the most fundamental elements of enabling a product with IoT. Our platform allows customers to simultaneously work with multiple public cloud solutions, such as Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure and Tencent Cloud, as well as their private cloud infrastructures, with the flexibility to switch among them if needed. Our IoT PaaS transforms traditional products into IoT-enabled products with computing, storage and networking capabilities on the &#8220;edge,&#8221; laying the foundation for a low code or no code development environment. We also provide a suite of developer tools and cloud-based services for customers to personalize or develop IoT applications that connect to our IoT cloud development platform and manage their smart devices for a variety of use cases.</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">73</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Industry SaaS. </b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We offer Industry SaaS, vertical-focused software solutions for different industry verticals. Businesses, such as hotel operators or property managers, leverage our SaaS solutions to intelligently manage their operations based on connected smart devices, thereby creating more smart scenes, improving user experiences and operating efficiency and optimizing costs. Our SaaS offerings are fully integrated with our IoT cloud infrastructure, device management apps and user apps, for customers to use in a plug-and-play manner.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Cloud-based Software Value-added Services and Others</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">. We have started to roll out a variety of services both to business customers and directly to the end users of Tuya-powered smart devices. We offer AI-powered virtual assistants to business customers. We also offer a variety of cloud-based services directly to end users, including push messaging, cloud storage and content services, among others.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We offer our products and services to all key IoT stakeholders. We set out to offer <span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">IoT PaaS</span> to customers developing smart devices, including brands and their contracted OEMs. Over time, we have extended our offerings to those who use smart devices. We offer SaaS including <span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Industry SaaS</span> that enables businesses to deploy, connect, and manage large numbers and different types of smart devices in different vertical scenarios, <span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Cloud-based Software Value-added Services</span> that provide end users with additional smart scenario features, such as cloud storage, and <span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Cube Smart Private Cloud Solution</span> that enables large-scale enterprise customers to build their own autonomous and controllable IoT platforms. We also offer businesses, developers and end users a diverse range of other cloud-based value-added services to improve their ability to develop and manage IoT experiences. Additionally, we offer smart solutions for IoT devices in which we provide customers with smart devices that integrated intelligent software capabilities beyond IoT.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For Business Customers Developing Smart Devices</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">IoT PaaS</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our IoT PaaS is an integrated, all-in-one product for brands and OEMs to build and manage smart devices.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our IoT PaaS combines cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, edge capabilities, app development, and device optimization solutions which we believe are the most fundamental elements of IoT capabilities. Customers can also leverage our developer toolkits, including SDKs and open APIs, to customize for desired use cases and functionalities.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> Our IoT cloud development platform assigns a unique virtual ID to each device powered by Tuya and pairs it with a &#8220;digital twin.&#8221; A digital twin enables real-time, closed-loop interactions between the cloud and the physical smart device throughout its life cycle. As the status of the device changes, the digital twin synchronizes with it and &#8220;closes the loop&#8221; by interacting with the device to enable different functions and use cases.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 54pt;">Digital twin and the cloud-based connectivity it enables offer many features hard to imagine in the pre-IoT era, such as using a smartphone to control multiple devices remotely and predicting failure based on patterns learned from vast amounts of IoT data. It also brings convenience and safety to end users. For example, when smoke is detected while nobody is at home, it automatically turns off the gas and sends alerts. End users also benefit from basic IoT services such as automatic device scene switches based on real-time weather data obtained by the cloud through the internet. Digital twin also makes troubleshooting easier and less costly by providing developers with a virtual test environment to troubleshoot problems without making any changes to the physical device.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">74</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:184.52pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;">Our IoT PaaS offers developers, many of whom work for brands and OEMs, a portal through which they can access a variety of software and development tools, as illustrated in the screenshots below.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231x20f006.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:184.3pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0.2pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:299.43pt;"/></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231x20f007.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:184.32pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0.2pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:316.96pt;"/></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">IoT edge capabilities.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> To become &#8220;smart,&#8221; a device must have key capabilities such as connectivity, storage and data processing, which we call &#8220;edge&#8221; capabilities, embedded in modules installed on the device. Our IoT PaaS offers a library of edge capabilities for customers to choose from, as well as visualized, simple tools and dashboards for them to quickly find what they need. Our IoT PaaS currently supports all mainstream wireless technologies, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Thread, Matter and other IoT edge capabilities.</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">75</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:199.66pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;">The below screenshot illustrates the interface through which developers can leverage IoT PaaS to embed edge capabilities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231x20f008.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:199.66pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:338.39pt;"/></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;">The edge capabilities we offer are all pre-coded and ready-to-use, giving customers shorter time-to-market than writing the codes from scratch.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">App development. </b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">An easy-to-use app is key to a superior IoT experience. We offer &#8220;white label&#8221; apps with minimal modification required to give customers the shortest time-to-market. This &#8220;one-app-for-all&#8221; approach enables end users to manage multiple devices, even those from different brands and categories, using one app only. Our customers may choose to engage us to design tailor-made apps or, in many more cases, customize the apps themselves or through third-party developers with development tools that we offer.</span></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;">The below screenshot showcases our &#8220;one-app-for-all&#8221; approach that enables end users to manage various functions and different categories of devices using a single app, as well as our &#8220;Smart Scene&#8221; functions, which allow users to configure and manage present scenes and recommend smart scenes according to connected devices and user behaviors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231x20f009.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:195.84pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0.7pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:283.98pt;"/></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">76</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:139.68pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Device optimization solutions.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> Even equipped with the edge capabilities, sometimes a device may not function well if the hardware is incompatible with the software. We bridge this gap for customers by helping them optimize the design, manufacturing and configuration of Tuya-powered devices to ensure that the hardware and software integrate to deliver the desired use cases and functionality. We also provide developers with a suite of analytics and debugging tools to help them independently identify root causes and troubleshoot problems.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our IoT PaaS also includes the following ancillary cloud-based value-added services:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Tuya Mall.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> It refers to the services that we offer to customers to help them build their own online marketplace to sell and distribute smart devices.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">AI-powered virtual assistants.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> We enable our customers to add voice control powered by Amazon&#8217;s Alexa, Google Assistant and Samsung SmartThings and other voice-based capabilities to their devices.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Others.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> In addition, we provide approximately dozens of ancillary value-added services, such as app function expansion service, device testing, &#8220;Work with Alexa&#8221; certification, &#8220;ZigBee Alliance&#8221; certification, and joint research and development of innovative IoT applications, among other things. We also enable our customers to process and leverage device-level and app-level information to generate business insights to help improve their businesses.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Our IoT PaaS offers a cloud-agnostic development environment, allowing customers to simultaneously work with multiple public or private cloud infrastructure, with the flexibility to switch among them if needed. This flexibility is valued by customers because it enables them to scale up their product portfolios as well as to cater to the broadest user bases across global markets, as different brands may have different preferences over cloud infrastructures, from commercial or compliance perspectives. According to CIC, we are the world&#8217;s first IoT cloud development platform at scale that is cloud-agnostic. The following flow chart illustrates how we connect and empower key stakeholders surrounding our IoT PaaS, i.e., brands (including retailers offering private-label smart devices) and their contracted OEMs, as well as end users. For more information about the value-added services we provide directly to end users, see &#8220;&#8212;For End Users Using Smart Devices.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231x20f010.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:139.68pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:293.43pt;"/></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cube &#8211; The Smart Private Cloud Solution</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We officially released Cube Smart Private Cloud (&#8220;Cube&#8221;) in early 2022, which complements our existing IoT PaaS product system and enables us to address the need for large-scale conglomerates, such as our Fortune 500 customers, for building their autonomous and controllable IoT platforms. Cube also allows customers to access the full range of capabilities of our IoT cloud development platform to build out their own IoT businesses faster with improved sustainability and value creation.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">77</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As one of our core long-term strategies, we continued our innovation of Cube in 2023. We expanded and refined our product matrix, improved delivery efficiency, reduced operational costs for our clients and expanded AI capabilities while fostering deeper collaborations with global conglomerates. The introduction of the Cube, Cube Lite and Cube Edge product matrices in 2023 further diversified the applicability of Cube across different scenarios. These launches provided our customers with a wider range of choices, tailored to the specific requirements of vertical industries and enterprises of different sizes. By optimizing the overall efficiency of product delivery and operational costs, we were able to reduce costs for our clients. In addition, by enhancing our AI capabilities, we provided our clients with more intelligent and efficient vertical solutions, enabling them to address increasingly complex business challenges. In 2023, our efforts were validated by winning orders from several globally renowned clients, including a leading telecom group in Malaysia, a top-tier telecom operator in Thailand and a century-old shipbuilding company in Germany, as well as conglomerates in Vietnam, South Korea and India. We will continue to use Cube to win long-term collaboration opportunities with large global key accounts.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">Smart Device Distribution</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We believe that the efficient distribution of Tuya-powered smart devices to target audiences benefits our long-term competitive edge and sustainability. To this end, we strategically offer some of our customers, mainly brands and system integrators, who prefer not to deal with a multiple OEMs option to purchase directly from us finished smart devices deployed with IoT PaaS sourced from qualified OEMs. These customers typically place purchase orders directly with us by specifying the type of smart devices. We then source devices for these customers from qualified OEMs selected based on the type of products, hardware specifications and other metrics. We earn the difference between the prices at which the products are sourced and sold. Common types of smart devices that we distribute include centralized control panel, gateway, air purifier, floor sweeper, air fryer, gas detector, and door and window sensor.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition to our traditional smart device distribution, we implemented a product enhancement strategy in 2023, aiming to deliver products equipped with advanced hardware and software and offer enhanced value propositions to our customers. Under this strategy, we offer smart solutions for IoT devices, which target selected sophisticated and high-value potential smart device categories, to our customers such as brands and telecom operators. Our smart solutions enable these customers to benefit from smart devices with more self-developed, integrated smart software capabilities beyond IoT. These include advanced algorithms for mapping, streaming media, and software protocols for gateways, among others. Leveraging refined software and hardware, we empower our customers to expand their market share while amplifying our revenue streams with improved gross margins. As a result, the gross margin for our smart device distribution business increased from 11.6% in 2022 to 25.5% in 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, we provide customers with the access to Tuya Expo, a dedicated business-to-business (B2B) platform connecting brands globally with an extensive network of OEMs. Currently, only a de minimis portion of our revenue is derived from Tuya Expo. Furthermore, we have selected smart devices that we think are best functionally compatible with various smart business scenes from our smart device ecosystem and combined them into a series of smart device catalogs to better match our Industry SaaS. We provide these smart device lists to our Industry SaaS customers, including system integrators, industry operators and service providers, to help them land their projects more quickly, easily and efficiently.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For Business Customers Using Smart Devices</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">Industry SaaS</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We offer Industry SaaS, vertical-focused software solutions that enable businesses to deploy, connect, and manage large numbers and different types of smart devices. Just like how billions of people use apps to enjoy mobile technology, we design Industry SaaS as plug-and-play everyday tools for people to interact with and harness the power of IoT. Industry SaaS makes life easier, healthier and more enjoyable, and drives efficiency, cost saving and productivity for businesses of all sizes across industries.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">78</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our Industry SaaS is built to be brand-agnostic and is compatible with Tuya-powered devices across brands and categories. We believe this is the key reason our customers choose us over other IoT SaaS providers, especially those that only support certain brands exclusively, because our brand-agnostic Industry SaaS enables customers to manage their diverse business needs and smart device products across different brands and categories. Industry SaaS customers have the flexibility in sourcing smart devices by themselves, from OEMs recommended by us or via other channels based on their own preferences.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We offer Industry SaaS to select verticals with the potential of monetizing our IoT capabilities. We are also able to deliver the infrastructure and core capabilities of Industry SaaS as a vertical-agnostic solution that they can use to create industry-specific applications and use cases.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Set out below are a few examples of our Industry SaaS and the use cases they enable:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Smart commercial lighting SaaS solution </b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">is a cloud-based one-stop solution specifically designed for the commercial lighting use cases to deliver convenience, better experience and energy savings. It includes a set of functions ranging from device control to ergonomic lighting and green building management, as well as maintenance services and onsite troubleshooting.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Smart commercial lighting</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> &#8211; gives property owners or managers total control of all their devices and all the data generated via an easy-to-use dashboard and data interface. Through a map of the lighting layout, property owners or managers can view and monitor all devices and maintenance needs through built-in reporting and analytics. This will, in turn, allow them to implement strategies to reduce energy and maintenance costs.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Human-centric lighting </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8211; brings the natural changes of light intensity and color temperature indoors by using artificial light to imitate natural light, which provides optimized work and living environments.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Smart hotel/apartment SaaS solution </b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">offers a management solution for hotels and resorts, designed to not only provide convenience for hotel guests, but also drive automation, efficiency and responsiveness for the hospitality industry. For apartments, we also offer a toolkit for landlords and rental apartment operators to connect smart door locks, sockets and other smart devices to increase the value of their properties and make them easier to manage. It is compatible with all mainstream property management systems (&#8220;PMS&#8221;), as well as customers&#8217; own systems purpose-built for a wide range of use cases, including campuses, offices and other commercial facilities.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our Smart Hotel/Apartment SaaS solution allows the management to monitor different aspects of hotel services, such as housekeeping, guest traffic control, property surveillance and maintenance, from a single control point.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The hotel experience &#8211; guests staying at a hotel utilizing our smart hotel app can personalize their surroundings without having to adjust every individual device. Hotels are also able to save on utilities bills by taking advantage of human activity detection-based lighting and air conditioning in public areas and guest rooms.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The resident experience &#8211; residents can monitor energy and utilities usage, create simple one-click actions to streamline routines or create access credentials for all guests. Apartment managers can monitor apartment maintenance more efficiently through our smart apartment software.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We primarily market our Industry SaaS to system integrators. We also sell directly to individual industry operators, such as hotel or property managers. We mainly target large, established organizations with leading positions in their respective verticals and geographies, so that we can leverage their industry expertise and existing customer bases to quickly gain market shares and build brand awareness.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For End Users Using Smart Devices</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Since inception, we have allowed end users to connect to our IoT cloud platform to access a variety of basic cloud-based services, such as receiving app updates, for free. We also give end users the option to pay a fee to access a curated suite of Cloud-based Software Value-added Services:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Push messaging </b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8211; sends users SMS text messages when a specific event (e.g., fire alarm going off) happens;</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">79</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:189.04pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Content </b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8211; a library of digital content that enhances users&#8217; IoT experience, such as music, podcasts and even a bedtime story that users can ask their Tuya-powered virtual assistant to tell for their kids; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.5pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Others</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> &#8211; various other cloud-based value-added services, such as stream media and cloud storage, among others.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As we gain more insights about customer demands through their feedback, we will continue to roll out additional value-added services for end users, aiming to provide an engaging and continuously improved customer experience.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">OUR TECHNOLOGIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Our IoT platform and product offerings are supported by Tuya IoT Cloud infrastructure, our unified underlying infrastructure, as illustrated below.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231x20f011.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:188.63pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0.4pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:336.75pt;"/></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our IoT technologies consist mainly of a Things Technology Platform (&#8220;TTP&#8221;) and an Application Enabling Platform (&#8220;AEP&#8221;). TTP and AEP together serve as the bedrock of our IoT cloud development platform and product offerings. We also have Business Technology Platform (&#8220;BTP&#8221;), which is the competency center that provides the technology foundation to the upper layer of our Tuya IoT Cloud infrastructure. With these technologies, developers can develop, manage, and upgrade smart devices and customize IoT capabilities for their specific user cases. We believe that these technological features enable us to build a growing and dynamic network of developers and partners, and drive our long-term revenue growth.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Things Technology Platform (&#8220;TTP&#8221;)</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> is the technology that enables real-time, closed-loop data exchanges between the cloud and the physical smart devices throughout their life cycle, thus improving the efficiency of IoT deployment. By integrating all types of data points and functions from hundreds of thousands of consumer smart devices, TTP generates a consistent and standardized &#8220;Things Model,&#8221; which allows developers to further customize it based on specific use cases. Our platform provides customers with a suite of solutions so they can have all the necessary features in their product development without switching to a different platform. Furthermore, TTP connects, authorizes, authenticates and manages IoT devices, enabling stable and precise connections and interactions across various devices with different functions, attributes, models and manufacturers.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;">Our TTP consists of the following components:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">IoT Edge features edge computing capabilities that bring computation to the edge. IoT devices can spend less time communicating with the cloud, react more quickly to local changes and operate more securely and reliably;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">IoT Core is the core ability to connect, authorize, authenticate and manage digital twins devices;</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">80</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Things Model creates virtual representations of physical smart devices that enable analysis of data and monitoring of systems to prevent downtime, test new devices by using simulations and troubleshoot problems even before they occur;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Event Hubs provides a unified streaming platform with time retention buffer, decoupling event producers from event consumers;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Over-the-air Engine, or OTA Engine, provides unified OTA strategy and data analysis, predicts when devices need upgrades, reduces device OTA risks, and optimizes device usage activities; and </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Virtualized Device Computing enhances a smart device&#8217;s hardware capabilities from the cloud platform by managing device access and scenes control through the edge of the network.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Application Enabling Platform (&#8220;AEP&#8221;) </b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">provides brands, OEMs and developers with a one-stop shop of IoT cloud capabilities that they can use to add, customize or integrate functionality in a development environment that is &#8220;low-code&#8221; or even &#8220;no-code,&#8221; meaning that those IoT cloud capabilities are ready-to-use by developers so that they do not have to write the codes from scratch. More specifically, AEP enables us to modularize the underlying functionalities and capabilities of its TTP, and visualize such functionalities and capabilities as icons and buttons on the development platform&#8217;s operating interface. This allows customers to easily understand, select, drag and drop the desired functionalities for their smart devices in the development process even with little or no programming expertise. Leveraging our AEP, customers may reduce the time for developing devices or functionalities from months to days. In addition, our AEP is also equipped with device testing tools for manufacturing purposes, allowing customers to shorten the production-to-delivery cycle and achieve mass production for the smart devices within weeks. Our AEP delivers significant development efficiency.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 54pt;">AEP includes Tuya Platform Applications and Developer Kits that allow us to deliver IoT PaaS, Industry SaaS and other value-added services.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">Developer Kits</i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> allow developers to integrate tailored-made IoT capabilities through a variety of APIs, SDKs and low-code development accelerators that allow developers to add, customize, or integrate systems and functionality based on specific requirements and needs.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:72pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Courier New';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">o</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">Tuya Platform Applications</i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> combine a no-code development platform, an IoT data analysis platform and an IoT industry solution studio to provide full platform-based business service capabilities.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Business Technology Platform (BTP) </b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">is the competency center that provides the technology foundation to the upper layer of our Tuya IoT Cloud infrastructure in the form of modular micro-services. It brings together a suite of service modules, such as big data computing, AI algorithm service and IoT device management, that work together to optimize customer experience.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have deployed six data centers hosted worldwide, including in China, the United States, Europe and India.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">RESEARCH &amp; DEVELOPMENT</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our leadership is built by our teams who are passionate about IoT. As of December 31, 2023, we had 1,047 research and development employees, representing approximately 71.5% of total employees. Our research and development team primarily consists of technology and platform development engineers responsible for (i) developing and iterating proprietary IoT technologies (e.g., TTP and AEP) and implementing enhancements and upgrades to our IoT cloud development platform; (ii) developing and upgrading our products, including IoT PaaS, Cube and Industry SaaS software solutions; and (iii) optimizing our internal operational systems and technologies. Our research and development team members have on average 9.8 years of experience across a significant number of different subject areas such as IoT, industry design, cloud computing, AI and machine learning.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In 2023, our research and development initiatives yielded advancements in following technological innovation and product development:</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">81</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">AIGC Integration:</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> we actively pursued the research and implementation of AIGC technology to enhance the interactive experiences of IoT devices. For instance, leveraging AI-enhanced voice control systems, we improved user interaction with smart home devices. In addition, we also utilized AIGC technology to improve our daily operations.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Energy Management Application:</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> we developed an integrated energy saving mini-program that supports new energy products such as solar photovoltaic panels, energy storage batteries and smart home devices. It can visualize and manage in real-time the entire energy flow from solar power generation, storage, distribution and consumption, allowing for the optimization of energy usage strategies.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">IoT Development Platform Optimization:</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> we are dedicated to enhancing the core values of PaaS 2.0, which include full-category interconnectivity, seamless interoperability, rigorous security standards, independent and manageable development processes, and distinct product differentiation. Our efforts have been focused on refining the developer experience, significantly improving both usability and operational efficiency, further granting developers greater independence from the need for direct support from Tuya. In line with this, we have unified and restructured our official website, developer platform, developer site, and developer documentation center. In addition, we launched a vibrant new developer forum at &#8220;www.tuyaos.com&#8221;, that serves as a dynamic hub with extensive resources and collaborative spaces for developers to exchange ideas, solve challenges, and unleash their creative potential.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our IoT cloud development platform and proprietary cutting-edge IoT technologies have been developed in-house. We have invested substantially in research and development and we expect to continue to devote significant resources to research and development activities and incur a substantial amount of research and development expenses to enhance our competitive edge. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we incurred research and development expenses of US$174.3 million, US$144.9 million and US$102.3 million, representing 57.7%, 69.6% and 44.5% of our total revenue for the same years, respectively. These investments have continued to result in the launch of innovative products that have helped us attract new customers and increase sales our existing customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">BRANDS WE SERVE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our growth strategies are tailored around the brands we serve and their contracted OEMs. For leading brands and their OEMs in target categories and those with large demands in our products, we are focused on providing bespoke support and services by, for example, offering free trials of product enhancements and new features and functionality. In 2023, our IoT PaaS empowered a total of approximately 3,800 brands to develop smart devices.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Substantially all of the brands we serve relate to our IoT PaaS business. We typically do not enter into agreements in relation to IoT PaaS business directly with the brands and instead enter into agreements with their contracted OEMs. In these circumstances, we consider such OEMs to be our customers. In limited circumstances, we also enter into agreements directly with brands in relation to certain value-added services, in which case we also consider such brands to be our customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">OUR CUSTOMERS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We define our customers as entities from whom we generate revenues for the products and services we provide. We had approximately 6,100 customers in 2023, primarily including brands, OEMs, industry operators and system integrators. Starting from the end of 2021, we have been strategically optimizing our customer base, to focus on key account enterprises. In 2023, our IoT PaaS empowered approximately 3,800 brands to develop their smart devices, including leading brands and enterprises such as Calex, Philips, Schneider Electric, Sharp, ABB, SCG and Haier NAHUI. As we have cultivated a large and diversified customer base across different industry verticals, we believe that none of our customers is material to our total revenue. We provide online customer support services and tools for our customers to submit customer complaints and service requests anytime and anywhere.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">82</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We use the dollar-based net expansion rate for IoT PaaS as a useful indicator of our customers&#8217; loyalty and tendency to expand their usage of our platform over time. For the trailing 12-month period ended December 31, 2021, the dollar-based net expansion rate for IoT PaaS was 153%, demonstrating the strong value proposition provided to our customers and the thriving ecosystem with network effects of our powerful IoT development platform. However, the dollar-based expansion rate for IoT PaaS experienced a decline in 2022 due to significant events that had adversely affected the global economy, including (i) shipping disruptions in late 2021 that delayed product deliveries and affected holiday sales; (ii) persistent inflation that dampened consumer sentiment; and (iii) supply-demand mismatch that led to an excess of inventory for downstream enterprises. As a result, our revenue declined for the first time in 2022 despite our stable relationship with our core customers. The dollar-based net expansion rate of IoT PaaS declined from 122% as of March 31, 2022, to 84% as of June 30, 2022, then to 63% as of September 30, 2022 and further to 51% as of December 31, 2022. During the first half of 2023, downstream enterprises remained cautious in their purchasing decisions, primarily due to continued inventory backlog pressure in downstream supply chain. Additionally, persistent global inflation continued to impact consumer sentiment, resulting in subdued discretionary spending on consumer electronics in many regions. As a result, the dollar-based net expansion rate for IoT PaaS further declined to 49% as of March 31, 2023 then improved to 58% as of June 30, 2023. In the second half of 2023, with the easing of the downstream inventory backlog and the gradual recovery of the global economy, coupled with the effective customer-focus and product enhancement strategies we adopted to navigate through the macroeconomic headwinds, the dollar-based net expansion rate for IoT PaaS improved to 78% as of September 30, 2023 and further improved to 103% as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For more information about the mismatch between supply and demand in the global consumer electronics sector and the risks that it poses to us and our customers, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D.Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;We operate in an emerging and evolving market, which may develop differently from or more slowly than we expect. If our market does not grow as we expect, or if we cannot expand our products and services to meet the demands of this market, our revenue may decline, or fail to grow, and we may continue to incur operating losses.&#8221; For a detailed discussion of the dollar-based net expansion rate for IoT PaaS and certain other key operating metrics, see &#8220;Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects&#8212;5.A. Operating Results&#8212;Key Operating Metrics.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">QUALITY CONTROL</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are committed to providing customers with our products and services of consistently high quality. We emphasize quality control in all aspects of our business, including, for example, design, research, production, sales and after-sales services. We strictly control the quality of our business and operations. In order to monitor the quality and ensure that our products and services meet all our internal benchmarks and specifications, we have implemented various quality-control checks into our business process. In addition, we provide after-sales services and support to our customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have devoted significant resources to the quality control of our products and services. Our quality control is a cross-departmental responsibility shared by multiple teams across business functions, including supply chain management, quality assurance, safety and compliance, and after-sales and customer service. In particular, these teams are responsible for establishing quality control standards, procedures for inspection of our raw materials and products and review standards of our suppliers. They are also responsible for handling customer complaints and compliance with applicable laws and international and national standards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">SALES, MARKETING AND BRANDING</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We generate sales primarily through our direct marketing efforts targeting brands and OEMs, with a focus on attracting new customers as well as expanding usage within our existing customer base. We also generate customer leads indirectly through offline retail channels and e-commerce platforms. We currently operate dedicated regional sales forces covering a number of our key overseas markets, such as the United States, Europe, India, Latin America and Asia Pacific. We also market our products and services through media, word of mouth, advertising and promotion to further enhance awareness of our brand as well as to increase our brand exposure across various customer bases.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As we expand our footprint globally, we have invested substantially in developing localized marketing strategies and employing sales and support staff. In particular, we focus on educating customers about the &#8220;Powered by Tuya&#8221; smart ecosystem.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">83</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We utilize a multitude of sales and marketing channels, including:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">online marketing channels such as search engine optimization, private domain operations and the online developer platform on our website;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">offline channels such as word-of-mouth referrals from brands owners, OEMs, retailers and other industry participants;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">brand marketing through industry conferences and events, including Mobile World Congress, International Consumer Electronics Show and Hong Kong Electronics Fair, where we demonstrate how we empower developers to push the boundary of IoT; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">developer outreach via code sharing platforms and Q&amp;A websites such as GitHub and Zhihu.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are committed to nurturing our developer community and have taken initiatives to boost developer engagement. By the fourth quarter of 2023, our registered developer base had grown to nearly 993,000. Our TuyaOS low-code development framework currently supports over 280 types, covering all protocols and categories within the Tuya platform. Additionally, we have created nearly 1,000 development documents, and our developer forum has amassed more than 8,500 technical support posts. Our development tools have also evolved to support more self-service operations, further solidifying the foundation for expanding the developer community.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark laws as well as contractual restrictions such as confidentiality agreements, licenses and intellectual property assignment agreements. We also maintain a policy requiring our employees, contractors, consultants and other third parties to enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements to control access to our proprietary information. As of April 10, 2024, we had registered 616 patents, 1,259 trademarks, 159 copyrights and 124 domain names in China and overseas. We have registered &#8220;Tuya&#8221; and &#8220;Powered by Tuya&#8221; as trademarks.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our technology is difficult and costly, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our technology. From time to time, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources. In addition, third parties may initiate lawsuits against us alleging infringement of their proprietary rights or declaring their non-infringement of our intellectual property rights. In the event of a successful claim of infringement and our failure or inability to develop non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely basis, our business could be harmed. Even if we are able to license the infringed or similar technology, license fees could be substantial and may adversely affect our results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">DATA SECURITY AND PRIVACY</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">When providing our products and services, we may have access to certain data of our customers and the end users, primarily certain machine-generated data produced by the smart devices powered by us. Such data consist primarily of the following types of device- and app-level information:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">data collected when a user registers in the mobile app that connects and controls smart devices powered by Tuya, or the App, such as basic account information (e.g., email address used to create an account); </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">data collected through the App, such as App usage data and log information, mobile phone information (i.e., types and models of the mobile phones on which the App is installed), and feedback that users submit via the App; and </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">data collected from smart devices, such as basic device data (e.g., on or off status and color) and data reported by the devices (e.g., humidity).</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">84</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Collection of such data is based on users&#8217; proactive consent to the in-App privacy policy prior to their use of the App. Such data will be collected, based on the type of data, either by the user&#8217;s active submission or our automatic collection, both of which are accomplished through the execution of predefined program logics embedded in the code of the App or the device&#8217;s firmware. The data are then transmitted to our cloud platform from the App or the device for processing. The data collected will be stored on specific data services as part of our cloud platform. Based on the user&#8217;s request, our cloud platform, also through the execution of predefined codes, will process the data and send feedback back to the App or the device. The primary purpose of the processing of the data is to facilitate the provision of our products and services to the users so that the devices may function properly.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As described above, the collection, processing and storage of the data that we may have access to are predominantly accomplished through the execution of predefined codes at the App or device level or embedded in our cloud platform. While we have the right to access and process such data to the extent proactively consented to by our customers or users, we do not have control over such data, except in very limited circumstances where we are by contract explicitly authorized by the users to do so. In any event, it is the users who retain the ownership of the personal information contained in the data.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have designed strict data protection policies to ensure that the collection, use, storage, transmission and dissemination of such data are in compliance with applicable laws and with prevalent industry practice. Specifically, our policies cover three main areas: data security, cloud service security and access control management.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Data Security Policies: we have published the Information Security Management Manual based on an industry-recognized information security management framework. Our Policy of Handling Individual Privacy Rights aims to address privacy-related requirements outlined by multiple data privacy laws and regulations about individual privacy requests, the internal process and responsible departments for responding to different types of data requests. Our Information Classification &amp; Handling Policy has been developed to classify all information created, collected, processed and/or disseminated within the organization into different levels of sensitivity and criticality. Our Data Backup Policy requires mandatory electronic backup, so that data and application programs can be restored when an incident impacting the integrity of such data occurs. In addition, we have adopted the Tuya Incident and Data Breach Response Plan, which provides a well-defined, organized approach for handling any potential threat to servers and data, as well as taking appropriate action when the data breach concerns personal information.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Cloud Service Security Policies: we have published the Management Process of Access to Information Systems and Surveillance of Use with the goal of strengthening the surveillance and control of access to our cloud information systems and to manage the security monitoring and log reviews within the infrastructure. Our Change Management Security Policy sets forth necessary processes to internally review and approve of potential changes before execution. Our Data Retention Policy aims to provide clear understandings of our roles and responsibilities for data retention and processing, and to regulate such retention, use and deletion of data collected and processed by us.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Access Control Management Policies: we have designed Access Control Policies, which outline the categories of access to system platforms, application, machines and the alignment of personnel functionality accordingly, in an effort to achieve effective access control and to ensure information security integrity and confidentiality. We have also developed Management Process of Secure Areas to help us maintain the security of physical access to our facilities and offices by establishing effective perimeters and safeguard measures, which is an integral part of ensuring the integrity, security and confidentiality of data.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">85</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have established an all-round information system in reference to data security requirements and best practices and intend to continually invest heavily in data security and privacy protection. Our information system applies multiple layers of safeguards, including internal and external firewalls, enterprise-standard web application firewalls, risk management platform, and runtime application self-protection, or RASP, a security technology that detects and blocks computer attacks using information from inside the running software. We encrypt data throughout its life cycle to safeguard privacy and enhance data security. We implement a robust internal authentication and authorization system to ensure confidential and important data can only be accessed through computers for authorized use and only authorized staff can access those computers. We have clear and strict authorization and authentication procedures and policies in place. Our employees only have access to data which is directly relevant and necessary for their responsibilities and for limited purposes and are required to verify authorization upon every access attempt. We have also implemented robust internal rules and procedures, including security assessment in the design and implementation of R&amp;D projects and code auditing, to ensure that the designed security requirements are met in our R&amp;D activities and code quality and security. Furthermore, we have established an incident response team that consists of a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), a Data Protection Officer (DPO) and a Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) to provide a quick, effective and orderly response to servers and personal information related to potential or actual incidents such as virus infections, hacker attempts and break-ins, improper disclosure of confidential information, system service interruptions, breach of personal information, and other events with serious information security implications.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have completed information security, privacy and compliance certifications/validations with the consultation of various global agencies, and now serve as a reliable IoT platform with comprehensive certificates. We have obtained the ISO 27001 Information Security Management System Certificate, ISO 27017 Certificate for Information Security of Cloud Services and ISO 27701 Certificate for Protection of Personally Identifiable Information and are fully committed to complying with the GDPR and CCPA. We have also worked with top privacy compliance and cybersecurity firms, such as TrustArc, ioXt Alliance and Palo Alto Networks, for privacy management and penetration testing.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As of the date of this annual report, we have not received any material claim from any third party against us on the ground of infringement of such party&#8217;s right to data protection as provided by the Civil Code of the PRC or any applicable laws and regulations in other jurisdictions, and we have not experienced any material data loss or breach incidents.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are committed to promoting corporate social responsibility and sustainable development and integrating it into all major aspects of our business operations. Corporate social responsibility is viewed as part of our core growth philosophy that will be pivotal to our ability to create sustainable value for our shareholders, partners, customers and employees by embracing diversity and public interests.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our board of directors has adopted a comprehensive policy on environmental, social and corporate governance responsibilities, or the ESG Policy, which sets forth our corporate social responsibility objectives and provides guidance on practicing corporate social responsibility in our daily operations. Under our ESG Policy, one of our main ESG objectives is to reduce any negative impacts on the environment through our commitment to energy savings and sustainable development. In addition, we endeavor to support and have a lasting positive impact on the local community through various initiatives, including corporate philanthropy, establishing community partnerships and mobilizing our employees to participate in volunteer work. Under our ESG Policy, we will also focus on embracing diversity within our organization and equal and respectful treatment of all of our employees in their hiring, training, wellness and professional and personal development.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our board of directors has the collective and overall responsibility for establishing, adopting and reviewing the ESG vision, policy and target, and evaluating, determining and addressing our ESG-related risks. We have continued to improve the oversight by our board of directors of ESG matters through a series of measures, including taking into account ESG matters in board room discussions and strategic planning, conducting and regularly refreshing a materiality assessment to identify and assess all material ESG issues, developing and regularly reviewing ESG policies, and regularly monitoring ESG performance against our goals.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">86</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Commitment to Sustainable Development through Products and Services</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a global company deeply committed to environment and social responsibility, we always strive to make society a better place with our IoT technologies and products. We target to achieve sustainability which constitutes a fundamental strategy for us as we expand and diversify our offerings. In particular, we endeavor to incorporate environmental and ESG-related considerations into our product development process and have been actively exploring ways to achieve environmental protection and realize carbon neutrality. Many of our offerings of key products and services, such as our energy-efficient algorithms that aim to decrease energy usage of smart devices as much as possible, help customers optimize their business processes, reduce costs and improve operational efficiency.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the mid-term, we will continue to monitor our carbon emissions, which we expect to mainly come from office premises, and continue to implement sustainable and environmentally friendly practices to reduce our carbon emissions. We also intend to leverage our IoT technologies and products to help customers further achieve energy savings while optimizing device functionalities, and explore new, innovative designs for smart device energy storage and usage. In the long term, we intend to use our technological capabilities to enable greater sustainability across different industry verticals, enhance energy usage efficiency and optimize environmental and waste management through the implementation of various carbon neutral practices.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Embracing Diversity and Building a Healthy Workplace</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We will continue to prioritize achieving diversity within our organization and equal and respectful treatment of all of our employees in their hiring, training, wellness and professional and personal development. In particular, we recognize and embrace the benefits of having a gender-diverse board as an essential element in maintaining our company&#8217;s competitive advantage and enhancing our ability to attract, retain and motivate employees from the widest possible pool of available talent. We are committed to taking a proactive approach in recruiting female directors and aligning directors&#8217; diverse competencies and perspectives with the company&#8217;s strategy. While maximizing equal career opportunity for everyone, we will also continue to promote work-life balance and create a happy culture in our workplace for all of our employees.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As we do not operate any production facilities, we are not subject to material health, work safety, social or environmental risks. To ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations, our human resources department will, if necessary and after consultation with our legal advisors, adjust our human resources policies to accommodate material changes to relevant labor and safety laws and regulations. In 2023 and up to the date of this annual report, we have not been subject to any fines or other penalties due to non-compliance in relation to health, workplace safety or environmental regulations, and have not had any accident or claim for personal or property damage made by our employees which had materially and adversely affected our financial condition or business operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Supporting the Community</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a company with a strong sense of and commitment to social responsibility, we have in recent years launched a series of non-profit events and campaigns as part of our corporate social responsibility efforts.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amid the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak in February 2020, we donated medical supplies with a total value of RMB1.0 million to frontline doctors and hospitals, including nearly 600 Tuya-powered smart devices, 16,000 medical surgical masks and thousands of protective suits;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Besides helping fight the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been actively involved in various other types of corporate philanthropy efforts. During October to December 2021, we held a number of charitable events to help local people in need and support local economic development. In these events, we donated supplies with a total value of RMB2.0 million, including IoT smart devices, to poverty-stricken areas or villages in China such as Ganzi, Ya&#8217;an, Chun&#8217;an, Guangyuan, Qingchuan and remote villages in Hangzhou;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">During the flood disaster in Henan, China in October 2021, we donated smart devices with a total value of RMB1.5 million to support the rescue efforts in the flood-devastated areas;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">In June 2021, we sponsored the Xingzhi School in the Daxing district of Beijing, whose students are mainly rural migrant children, by donating school supply kits; and</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">87</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">In 2022, we continued to work with Qiaozhuang Town in Sichuan, China to promote rural revitalization and poverty alleviation. With an emphasis on &#8220;pairing assistance,&#8221; we assigned dedicated personnel and proactively funded local industrial development.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">In September 2023, we donated smart devices with a total value of RMB0.4 million to Dashu Town, Chun&#8217;an District, Hangzhou, to promote rural revitalization and poverty alleviation.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">In November 2023, we donated smart devices with a total value of RMB0.5 million to Seda County in Sichuan, aiming to drive the infrastructure development in disadvantaged regions.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Integrating Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Practices into Our Business Operations</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Although our business operations do not directly produce pollutants that directly affect the environment, we endeavor to implement sustainable and economically friendly practices in our own operations to reduce our carbon footprint such as reducing the energy consumption through, for example:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Installing energy-efficient lighting and ensuring lights are switched off when out of use either manually or through automatic sensors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Requiring double-sided printing of documents throughout our offices;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Actively driving reductions in the use of paper, water and electricity throughout our offices;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Switching off certain IT equipment or automatic power shutdown for certain systems and devices; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Air conditioning controls, with measures including requirements on lowest temperature, regular maintenance of air cooling technologies and optimal timing controls.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We believe that our policies can help us meet our environmental sustainability goals by reducing energy consumption in our operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Managing ESG Risks</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are committed to a thorough analysis and assessment process that will enable us to identify any material ESG risks and take actions to address these risks timely and effectively. We identify, assess, manage and mitigate environmental, social and climate-related risks by having dedicated teams to take care of the life-cycle management of the corresponding project. For example, personnel from our human resources and government-related affairs departments are responsible for overseeing the management and monitoring of our waste management system and our energy savings and consumption control program to ensure that we achieve the goals of energy savings and consumption reduction. Our management also actively oversees the identification and monitoring of the actual and potential environmental, social and climate-related risks on our business, strategy and financial performance, and take these issues into account during the course of our business, strategic and financial planning. Our management will assess the likelihood of such risks occurring and the estimated magnitude of any potential impact. We may also engage independent third parties to evaluate the ESG risks and review our existing strategy, target and internal controls. Necessary improvement will then be implemented to mitigate any major ESG risks identified.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a technology company, we do not currently have any material liabilities relating to health, work safety and environment, and do not expect that we will incur any material liabilities in this regard which could have any material adverse impact on our business and operating results. However, potential risks associated with climate change or other climate-related issues may have financial implications for us. For instance, extreme weather conditions may cause suspension or disruption to our business operations and have an impact on our financial condition. Extreme weather may also cause disruptions for our suppliers, which may in turn adversely impact our ability to serve our customers and end users. In 2023 and up to the date of this annual report, our business, results of operations and financial condition have not been materially and adversely impacted by any climate-related incidents.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">88</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">SEASONALITY</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have in the past experienced, and expect in the future to continue to experience, seasonal fluctuations in our revenue and sales from time to time, as a result of the holiday season and customers&#8217; buying patterns. We typically experience lower growth in revenues in the first quarter as a result the reduced production capacities of OEMs located in China due to the annual Lunar New Year holidays. We expect the historical seasonality trends to continue to have a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition. However, certain unique events may cause the historical seasonal trends and patterns to temporarily no longer apply, such as high global inflation weakening consumption sentiment and dampening enterprises&#8217; confidence in doing business, downstream inventory backlog disrupting enterprises&#8217; business and operating plans, and supply chain disruption interfering with delivery of goods. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D.Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;Seasonality may cause fluctuations in our sales and operating results.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">COMPETITION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The global IoT platform market is rapidly evolving. We compete in the ordinary course of business with technology companies providing IoT services and solutions, internet-related services and products for IoT, and IoT-enabling platforms, and e-commerce companies offering IoT-related cloud products and services.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We may, from time to time, face competition from both large, well-established IoT service providers, and less-established IoT companies or companies that offer capabilities that compete with some of our offerings. However, the global IoT platform market has also been facing headwind since 2022, with certain players in the IoT field who are engaged in business similar to our IoT PaaS business announcing the termination of their IoT platform services in 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We believe that none of our competitors currently competes directly with us across all of our offerings, and we compete favorably on the basis of the factors below:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ability to support multiple use cases on a single platform;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ease of deployment, implementation and use;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">platform performance, interoperability, scalability and reliability;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ability to help customers achieve global IoT deployment;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ability to build a supply chain ecosystem;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">customer support and platform maintenance;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">brand awareness and reputation;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">sales and marketing efforts; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ability to ensure data security and privacy.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">89</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">INSURANCE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We maintain the statutory social insurance as required by the relevant local laws and regulations. In addition, we maintain a supplemental employee commercial healthcare insurance program aiming to promote the work safety, health and well-being of our employees. We maintain liability insurance policies to cover potential product liability claims, cybersecurity insurance policies to cover the costs associated with a breach of third-party data in the event that the data is lost or stolen, and technical errors and omissions policies for liabilities in connection with failures of a service or software. Consistent with customary industry practice in the PRC and the other markets in which we operate, we do not maintain key-man life insurance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">LICENSES, PERMISSIONS AND APPROVALS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As of the date of this annual report, all requisite licenses, permissions and approvals have been obtained from relevant regulatory authorities that are material to our operations. None of such licenses, permissions or approvals have been denied or rescinded.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth details of licenses, permissions and approvals held by our PRC subsidiaries that are material to current business operations in China, and the VIE currently does not hold any such material licenses, permissions or approvals. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:31.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.46%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:31.93%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">License</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.93%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Holder</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.94%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Issuing Authority</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Grant Dates</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Expiration Date</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.46%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:31.93%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Registration and Filing of Foreign Trade Operator</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.93%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Tuya Information</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.94%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Hangzhou City Xihu District Commission of Commerce</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:13.96%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">February 15, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.96%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.46%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:31.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Registration of Consignee or Consignor of Imported or Exported Goods</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Tuya Information</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Hangzhou Customs</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:13.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">May 11, 2018</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Long-term</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.46%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:31.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Registration and Filing of Foreign Trade Operator</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Zhejiang Tuya</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Hangzhou City Xihu District Commission of Commerce</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:13.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">November 12, 2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.46%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:31.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Registration of Consignee or Consignor of Imported or Exported Goods</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Zhejiang Tuya</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Qianjiang Customs</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:13.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">May 27, 2020</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Long-term</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.46%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the view of Jia Yuan Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel, we had complied with the relevant applicable PRC laws relating to the required licenses, permissions and approvals to business operations in China in all material respects in 2023 and up to the date of this annual report. Based on the understanding of the relevant PRC laws and regulations, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that, to the best of their knowledge, there should be no material legal impediment for us to renew these licenses, permissions and approvals as long as we comply with the relevant legal requirements and we take all necessary steps and submit the relevant applications in accordance with the requirements and schedules prescribed by the applicable PRC laws and regulations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For the consequences to us and investors if we do not receive or maintain requisite licenses, permissions and approvals necessary to conduct operations in China, or if applicable laws, regulations or interpretations change and we are required to obtain additional permissions or approvals in the future, see Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risk Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;Any failure to maintain necessary permits and licenses to operate our business operations under applicable laws and regulations could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">90</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In recent years, the PRC government has increasingly tightened the regulation of cybersecurity, and indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over securities offerings and other capital markets activities that are conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based companies like us. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;Recent PRC Regulatory Developments.&#8221; As of the date of this annual report, we have not been required to go through a cybersecurity review by the CAC, or required to obtain any permission from, or complete any filing with, the CSRC in connection with our prior public offerings or maintaining the listing status on applicable stock exchanges. Nor have we received any formal inquiry, notice, warning, sanction, or any regulatory objection in relation to cybersecurity review from the CSRC, the CAC or any other PRC regulatory agencies that have jurisdiction over our operations. Since the legislative and regulatory actions in this regard are relatively new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation-making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our business operations, our ability to accept foreign investments and conduct follow-on offerings, and listing or continuing listing on applicable stock exchanges. For details of related risks, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;The filing, approval or other administration requirements of the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC government authorities may be required to maintain our listing status or conduct future offshore securities offerings.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">REGULATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Regulation Relating to Foreign Investment</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Investments activities in China by foreign investors are principally governed by the Encouraged Industries Catalog for Foreign Investment (2022 version) (the &#8220;Catalog&#8221;), which was promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce (&#8220;MOFCOM&#8221;) and the National Development and Reform Commission (the &#8220;NDRC&#8221;) on October 26, 2022 and became effective on January 1, 2023 and the Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List 2021) (the &#8220;Negative List (2021)&#8221;), which was promulgated by the MOFCOM and the NDRC on December 27, 2021 and became effective on January 1, 2022. The Catalog and the Negative List (2021) set forth the industries in which foreign investments are encouraged, restricted and prohibited. Industries that are not listed in any of these three categories are generally open to foreign investment unless otherwise specifically restricted by other PRC rules and regulations. Article 6 of the Interpretation Note of the Negative List (2021) provides that, where a domestic enterprise engaged in the business in the prohibited areas of the Negative List (2021) seeks to issue and list its shares overseas, it shall complete the examination process and obtain approval of the relevant competent authorities of the State, the foreign investor shall not participate in the operation and management of the enterprise, and its shareholding percentage shall be subject to the relevant provisions on the administration of domestic securities investment by foreign investors. On January 18, 2022, the NDRC held a press conference to further clarify the position of Article 6, during which the spokesman made it clear that Article 6 shall only be applicable to the situations where domestic enterprises were seeking a direct overseas issuance and listing (i.e., H-shares listing).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">According to the Negative List (2021), the foreign equity interest ownership of entities that engage in value-added telecommunications business (except for e-commerce, domestic multiparty communication, storage and forwarding and call center) must not exceed 50%.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">91</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On March 15, 2019, the National People&#8217;s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law of the PRC (the &#8220;Foreign Investment Law&#8221;), which took effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law of the PRC, the Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law of the PRC and the Wholly Foreign-Invested Enterprise Law of the PRC and became the legal foundation for foreign investment in the PRC. On December 26, 2019, the State Council issued the Regulations on Implementing the Foreign Investment Law of the PRC, or the Implementation Rules, which took effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced the Regulations on Implementing the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law of the PRC, Provisional Regulations on the Duration of Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Regulations on Implementing the Wholly Foreign-Invested Enterprise Law of the PRC and the Regulations on Implementing the Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law of the PRC. Pursuant to the Foreign Investment Law and the Implementation Rules, the existing foreign-invested enterprises established prior to the effective date of the Foreign Investment Law are allowed to keep their corporate organization forms for five years from the effectiveness of the Foreign Investment Law before such existing foreign-invested enterprises change their organization forms and organization structures in accordance with the Company Law of the PRC, which was last amended in December 2023 and will come into effect on July 1, 2024, the Partnership Enterprise Law of the PRC and other applicable laws. Pursuant to the Company Law, as amended, shareholders of a limited liability company must pay in their subscribed registered capital in full within five years from the date of establishment of the company or the date of its capital increase, and companies established before July 1, 2024 should gradually adjust their capital contributions to meet this new requirement. The latest amendment also involve aspects of the company&#8217;s organizational structure, corporate governance, and the rights and obligations of shareholders, which also apply to foreign investment enterprises in the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Foreign Investment Law, foreign investment means the investment activities within the PRC directly or indirectly conducted by foreign natural persons, enterprises and other organizations (the &#8220;foreign investor&#8221;), including the following circumstances: (i) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, establishes a foreign-invested enterprise within the PRC; (ii) a foreign investor acquires any shares, equities, portion of property or other similar interest in an enterprise within the PRC; (iii) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, invests in a new project within the PRC; and (iv) foreign investors invest in the PRC through any other methods under laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State Council of the PRC. The PRC applies the administrative system of pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list to foreign investment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On December 30, 2019, MOFCOM and the State Administration for Market Regulation (the &#8220;SAMR&#8221;) issued the Measures for the Reporting of Foreign Investment Information, which took effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced the Interim Measures for the Recordation Administration of the Formation and Modification of Foreign-Funded Enterprises, and thus foreign investors carrying out investment activities directly or indirectly in China, instead of filing formalities, must report their foreign investment information to the commerce authorities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Regulation Relating to Value-Added Telecommunication Services</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Telecommunications Regulations of the People&#8217;s Republic of China (the &#8220;Telecommunications Regulations&#8221;) promulgated by the State Council on September 25, 2000 and last amended on February 6, 2016, provide a regulatory framework for telecommunication services providers in mainland China. The Telecommunications Regulations require telecommunication services providers to obtain an operating license prior to the commencement of their operations. The Telecommunications Regulations categorize telecommunications businesses into basic telecommunications businesses and value-added telecommunications businesses, according to the Catalog of Telecommunications Business, attached to the Telecommunications Regulations and last amended by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (the &#8220;MIIT&#8221;) on June 6, 2019.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">92</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Regulation Relating to Cybersecurity, Data Security and Privacy Protection</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">PRC</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Cybersecurity</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On December 28, 2000, the SCNPC enacted the Decision on the Protection of Internet Security, as amended on August 27, 2009, which provides that the following activities conducted through the internet are subject to criminal liabilities: (i) gaining improper entry into any of the computer information networks relating to state affairs, national defensive affairs, or cutting-edge science and technology; (ii) violation of relevant provisions of the state in the form of unauthorized interruption of any computer network or communication service, as a result of which the computer network or communication system cannot function normally; (iii) spreading rumor, slander or other harmful information via the internet for the purpose of inciting subversion of the state political power; (iv) stealing or divulging state secrets, intelligence or military secrets via internet; (v) spreading false or inappropriate commercial information; or (vi) infringing on the intellectual property.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On December 13, 2005, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Provisions on the Technical Measures for Internet Security Protection, which took effect on March 1, 2006. These regulations require internet service providers to take proper measures including anti-virus, data backup, keeping records of certain information such as the log-in and exit time of users, and other related measures, and to keep records of certain information about their users for at least 60 days. On June 22, 2007, the Ministry of Public Security, the State Secrecy Bureau, the State Cryptography Administration and the Information Office of the State Council jointly promulgated the Administrative Measures for the Multi-level Protection of Information Security, under which the security protection grade of an information system may be classified into five grades. Companies operating and using information systems shall protect the information systems and any system equal to or above Level II as determined in accordance with these measures, a record-filing with the competent authority is required.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, was adopted by the SCNPC on November 7, 2016, and came into effect on June 1, 2017. Regarded as the fundamental law in the area of cybersecurity in China, the Cybersecurity Law regulates network operators and others from the following perspectives: the principle of cyberspace sovereignty, security obligations of network operators and providers of network products and services, protection of personal information, protection of critical information infrastructure, data use and cross-border transfer, network interoperability and standardization. Network operators shall, according to the requirements of the rules for graded protection of cybersecurity, fulfill security protection obligations, so as to ensure that the network is free from interference, damage or unauthorized access, and prevent network data from being divulged, stolen or falsified. In addition, network operators that collect personal information shall follow the principles of legitimacy, rationality and necessity and shall not collect or use any personal information without due authorization of the person whose personal information is collected. Each individual is entitled to require a network operator to delete his or her personal information if he or she finds that collection and use of such information by such operator violate the laws, administrative regulations or the agreement by and between such network operator and such individual, and is entitled to require any network operator to make corrections if he or she finds errors in such information collected and stored by such network operator. Such network operator shall take measures to delete the information or correct the error.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On December 28, 2021, the CAC and certain other PRC regulatory authorities promulgated the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (the &#8220;Cybersecurity Review Measures&#8221;), which provide that (i) network platform operators holding over one million users&#8217; personal information shall apply with the Cybersecurity Review Office for a cybersecurity review when listing in a foreign country, and (ii) operators of &#8220;critical information infrastructure&#8221; that intend to purchase network products and services that will or may affect national security shall apply for a cybersecurity review and (iii) network platform operators carrying out data processing that will affect or may affect national security shall apply for a cybersecurity review. The Cybersecurity Review Measures took effect on February 15, 2022 and replaced the Measures for Cybersecurity Review promulgated in April 2020. For a detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties related to our compliance with regulations on cyber security, please see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D.Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to our Business and Industry&#8212;Compliance with the rapidly evolving landscape of global data privacy and data security laws may be challenging, and any failure or perceived failure to comply with such laws, or other concerns about our practices or policies with respect to the processing of personal information, could damage our reputation and deter current and potential customers and end users from using our platform and products and services or subject us to significant compliance costs or penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">93</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Data Security</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On June 10, 2021, the SCNPC promulgated the Data Security Law of the PRC, or the Data Security Law, which took effect on September 1, 2021. According to the Data Security Law, the enterprises conducting data processing activities shall establish and improve their data security management systems, organize data security trainings and adopt corresponding technical measures and other necessary measures, with a view to guaranteeing the data security. Chapter 4 of the Data Security Law provides for the obligations of general data processing and data security protection, including (i) establishing and improving the whole-process data security management system; (ii) strengthening risk monitoring and properly handling data security incidents; and (iii) legally and properly collecting and using data. Our company has established a relatively complete data security management system, organized and carried out data security education and training, adopted corresponding technical measures and organizations to protect data security, formulated a data security incident management system, carried out risk monitoring and assessment, handled information security level protection filing and assessment for call center service platforms, and performed corresponding network security level protection obligations. In addition, pursuant to the Data Security Law, a data security system should be established to administer data at different levels and by different categories, and impose specific compliance obligations on processors of important data, including (i) specifying the person and institution responsible for data security and implementing data security protection responsibilities; (ii) conducting regular risk assessment of its data processing activities; and (iii) fulfilling the regulatory requirements for transmitting important data overseas. Further, remedial measures shall be taken immediately upon discovery of any data security defects or bugs, and users shall be timely notified and competent authorities shall be informed in accordance with relevant provisions if any data security incident occurs. If an enterprise conducting data processing activities fails to meet such requirements, it would be subject to regulatory penalties, including fine, suspension of the relevant business, close of business for rectification and revocation of the relevant business permit or business license.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On July 7, 2022, the CAC published Measures on Security Assessments for the Cross-border Transfer of Data which took effect on September 1, 2022. It is applicable to cross-border transfers of personal information and important data collected and generated in China under certain circumstances. Apart from that, the measures provides detailed requirements for contracts concluded between data processors and overseas recipients, including but not limited to the purpose of cross-border data transfer, the overseas storage site, the restrictions concerning the transfer of cross-border data from overseas recipients to other organizations and individuals, the security measures to be taken by the overseas recipients when there is a material change in the actual control or scope of business, liability for breach of data security obligations and binding and enforceable dispute resolution provisions and the proper emergency disposal to be taken in the event of risks such as data breaches.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Regulations on the Administration of Cyber Data Security (Draft for Comments) (the &#8220;Draft Cyber Data Security Regulation&#8221;), which has not been officially enacted as of the date of this annual report. According to the Draft Cyber Data Security Regulation, data processors shall apply for a cybersecurity review when carrying out the following activities: (i) the merger, reorganization or division of internet platform operators that have acquired a large number of data resources related to national security, economic development or public interests, which affect or may affect national security; (ii) data processors that handle personal information of more than one million people contemplating to list their securities &#8220;in a foreign country&#8221;; (iii) data processors contemplating to list its securities on a stock exchange in Hong Kong, which affects or may affect national security; and (iv) other data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. According to the PRC National Security Law, &#8220;national security&#8221; refers to a status in which the regime, sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, welfare of the people, sustainable economic and social development, and other vital interests of the state are relatively not in danger and not threatened internally or externally and the ability to maintain a sustained security status. However, the criteria for determining the circumstances that &#8220;affect or may affect national security&#8221; for the purpose of the Draft Cyber Data Security Regulation remain unclear and are subject to further clarification by the CAC.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">94</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Privacy Protection</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The PRC Constitution states that PRC law protects the freedom and privacy of communications of citizens and prohibits infringement of such rights. In recent years, PRC government authorities have enacted legislation on internet use to protect personal information from any unauthorized disclosure. On May 28, 2020, the National People&#8217;s Congress of the PRC approved the Civil Code of the PRC, which took effect on January 1, 2021. Pursuant to the Civil Code of the PRC, the personal information of a natural person shall be protected by the laws. Any organization or individual shall legally obtain such personal information of others when necessary and ensure the safety of such information, and shall not illegally collect, use, process or transmit personal information of others, or illegally purchase or sell, provide or make public personal information of others. The Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, issued by the State Council on September 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, prohibit ICP service operators from insulting or slandering a third party or infringing the lawful rights and interests of a third-party.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On December 29, 2011, the MIIT promulgated the Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services, which became effective on March 15, 2012. On December 28, 2012, the SCNPC promulgated the Decision on Strengthening Network Information Protection to enhance the legal protection of information security and privacy on the internet. The Provisions on Protection of Personal Information of Telecommunications and Internet Users promulgated by the MIIT on July 16, 2013 contains detailed requirements on the use and collection of personal information as well as the security measures to be taken by internet service providers. Specifically, (i) the users&#8217; personal information shall not be collected without prior consent; (ii) the personal information shall not be collected other than those necessary for internet service providers to provide services; (iii) the personal information shall be kept strictly confidential; and (iv) a series of detailed measures shall be taken to prevent any divulgence, damage, tampering or loss of personal information of users.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Administrative Provisions on Security Vulnerability of Network Products, or Provisions, were jointly promulgated by the MIIT, the CAC and the MPS on July 12, 2021 and took effect on September 1, 2021. Network product providers, network operators as well as organisations or individuals engaging in the discovery, collection, release and other activities of network product security vulnerability are subject to the Provisions and shall establish channels to receive information of security vulnerability of their respective network products and shall examine and fix such security vulnerability in a timely manner. Network product providers are required to report relevant information of security vulnerability of network products with the MIIT within two days and to provide technical support for network product users. Network operators shall take measures to examine and fix security vulnerability after discovering or acknowledging that their networks, information systems or equipment have security loopholes. According to the Provisions, the breaching parties may be subject to administrative penalty as regulated in accordance with the Cybersecurity Law. Since the Provisions are relatively new, uncertainties still exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Notice of the Supreme People&#8217;s Court, the Supreme People&#8217;s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security on Legally Punishing Criminal Activities Infringing upon the Personal Information of Citizens, issued in April 23, 2013, and the Interpretation of the Supreme People&#8217;s Court and the Supreme People&#8217;s Procuratorate on Several Issues regarding Legal Application in Criminal Cases Infringing upon the Personal Information of Citizens, which was issued on May 8, 2017 and took effect on June 1, 2017, the following activities may constitute the crime of infringing upon a citizen&#8217;s personal information: (i) providing a citizen&#8217;s personal information to specified persons or releasing a citizen&#8217;s personal information online or through other methods in violation of relevant national provisions; (ii) providing legitimately collected information relating to a citizen to others without such citizen&#8217;s consent (unless the information is processed, not traceable to a specific person and not recoverable); (iii) collecting a citizen&#8217;s personal information in violation of applicable rules and regulations when performing a duty or providing services; or (iv) collecting a citizen&#8217;s personal information by purchasing, accepting or exchanging such information in violation of applicable rules and regulations. Pursuant to the Civil Code of the PRC, the collection, storage, use, process, transmission, provision and disclosure of personal information shall follow the principles of legitimacy, properness and necessity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Cybersecurity Law provides that network operators shall obtain the individual&#8217;s prior consent before collecting the personal information of such individual and take necessary technical measures or other appropriate measures to protect the personal information, and shall not provide the personal information to any third party without the individual&#8217;s prior consent unless such personal information has been processed in a proper way that a specific person will not be identified. For the operators of crucial information infrastructure, the personal information and crucial data must be stored within the territory of the People&#8217;s Republic of China. Where such data need to be provided to overseas parties due to business requirements, a security assessment shall be conducted before the transmission of the data.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">95</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On August 20, 2021, the SCNPC promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law of the PRC (the &#8220;Personal Information Protection Law&#8221;), which took effect on November 1, 2021. The law aims to protect the rights and interests of personal information and regulate the processing of personal information. The Personal Information Protection Law stipulates certain important concepts with respect to personal information processing: (i) &#8220;personal information&#8221; refers to all kinds of information related to identified or identifiable natural persons recorded by electronic or other means, excluding the information processed anonymously; (ii) &#8220;processing of personal information&#8221; includes the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure and deletion of personal information, among others; and (iii) &#8220;personal information processor&#8221; refers to an organization or individual that independently determines the purpose and method of the processing in the processing of personal information.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Personal Information Protection Law also stipulates the obligations in the circumstance of entrusted processing. Where a personal information processor entrusts others with the processing of personal information, (i) the personal information processor shall agree with the agent on substantial matters like purpose, term, method of entrusted processing, type of information and protection measures, as well as supervise the processing activities of the agent; and (ii) the agent shall process personal information strictly within the scope as agreed, and ensure the security of the personal information processed and assist the personal information processor to perform his legal obligations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On August 22, 2019, the CAC issued the Regulation on Cyber Protection of Children&#8217;s Personal Information, effective on October 1, 2019. Network operators are required to establish special policies and user agreements to protect children&#8217;s personal information, and to appoint special personnel in charge of protecting children&#8217;s personal information. Network operators who collect, use, transfer or disclose personal information of children are required to, in a prominent and clear way, notify and obtain consent from children&#8217;s guardians.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On November 28, 2019, the Secretary Bureau of the CAC, the General Office of the MIIT, the General Office of the Ministry of Public Security and the General Office of the SAMR promulgated the Method for Identifying the Illegal Collection and Use of Personal Information by Apps, which took effect on November 28, 2019 (the &#8220;Method&#8221;). The Method provides guidance for the regulatory authorities to identify the illegal collection and use of personal information through mobile apps, and for the app operators to conduct self-examination and self-correction and for other participants to voluntarily monitor compliance. The Method lists six types of illegal collection and usage of personal information, including &#8220;failure to publish rules on the collection and usage of personal information,&#8221; &#8220;failure to expressly state the purpose, manner and scope of the collection and usage of personal information,&#8221; &#8220;collecting and using personal information without obtaining consents from users,&#8221; &#8220;collecting personal information irrelevant to the services provided,&#8221; &#8220;providing personal information to other parties without obtaining consent&#8221; and &#8220;failure to provide the function of deleting or correcting personal information as required by law or failure to publish the methods for complaints and reports or other information&#8221;. For a detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties related to our compliance with regulations on privacy protection, please see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D.Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to our Business and Industry&#8212;Compliance with the rapidly evolving landscape of global data privacy and data security laws may be challenging, and any failure or perceived failure to comply with such laws, or other concerns about our practices or policies with respect to the processing of personal information, could damage our reputation and deter current and potential customers and end users from using our platform and products and services or subject us to significant compliance costs or penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">EU, U.K.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following is a summary of selected data security and privacy laws of the EU and the U.S. We believe that these laws and regulations are relevant to our business operations because certain of our data centers, as well as many of the brands we serve, are located in the EU or the U.S. We believe many of these laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">GDPR</b>&#8221;), represent leading standards of data security and privacy in the world, and we have adopted internal controls, policies and procedures that we believe are consistent with the applicable standards under such laws and regulations. We have also completed information security, privacy and compliance certifications and validations from top privacy compliance and cybersecurity firms, such as TrustArc. For more information, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;4.B. Business Overview&#8212;Data Security and Privacy.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">96</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The GDPR, which applies to the collection, use, storage, retention, transfer, disclosure and other processing of personal data obtained from individuals located in the EU or by businesses operating within the EU, became effective on May 25, 2018 and has resulted, and will continue to result, in significantly greater compliance burdens and costs for companies with customers, end users, or operations in the EU. The GDPR places stringent obligations and operational requirements on us as both a processor and controller of personal data and could make it more difficult or more costly for us to use and share personal data. For example, requirements placed on data controllers include, among other things, transparent and expanded disclosure to data subjects about how their personal data is to be used, limitations on retention of information, mandatory data breach notification requirements, record keeping and documentation requirements, and higher standards for data controllers to demonstrate that they have obtained valid consent for certain data processing activities. Under the GDPR, data protection supervisory authorities are given various enforcement powers, including levying fines of up to 20 million Euros or up to 4% of an organization&#8217;s annual worldwide turnover, whichever is greater, for the preceding financial year, for non-compliance. Data subjects also have the right to be compensated for damages suffered as a result of a controller or processor&#8217;s non-compliance with the GDPR. While the GDPR provides a more harmonized approach to data protection regulation across the EU member states, it also gives EU member states certain areas of discretion; and therefore, laws and regulations in relation to certain data processing activities may differ on a member state by member state basis, which could further limit our ability to use and share personal data and could require localized changes to our operating model. In addition to the GDPR, the EU also has released a proposed Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communications, or the ePrivacy Regulation, to replace the EU&#8217;s current Privacy and Electronic Communications Directive, or the ePrivacy Directive, to, among other things, better align EU member states and the rules governing online tracking technologies and electronic communications, such as unsolicited marketing and cookies, with the requirements of the GDPR. While the ePrivacy Regulation was originally intended to be adopted on May 25, 2018 (alongside the GDPR), it is currently going through the European legislative process, and the timing for adoption remains unclear.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the GDPR, restrictions are placed on transfers of personal data outside of the European Economic Area to countries which have not been deemed &#8220;adequate&#8221; by the European Commission (including the PRC). The Court of Justice of the European Union (the &#8220;CJEU&#8221;) issued a decision on July 16, 2020, invaliding the EU-US Privacy Shield Framework, which provided one mechanism for lawful cross-border transfers of personal data between the EU and the United States. While the decision did not invalidate the use of the European Commission&#8217;s approved standard contractual clauses, another mechanism for making lawful cross-border transfers, the decision has called the validity of standard contractual clauses into question under certain circumstances, and has made the legality of transferring personal data from the EU to the U.S. or various other jurisdictions outside of the EU more uncertain. Specifically, the CJEU stated that companies must now assess the validity of standard contractual clauses on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration whether the standard contractual clauses provide sufficient protection in light of any access by the public authorities of the third country to where the personal data is transferred, and the relevant aspects of the legal system of such third country. Additionally, in October 2022, President Biden signed an executive order to implement the EU-U.S. Data privacy Framework, which serves as a replacement to the EU-US Privacy Shield. Moreover, on July 10, 2023 the European Commission adopted an adequacy decision concluding that the United States ensures an adequate level of protection for personal data transferred from the EEA to the United States under the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (followed on October 12, 2023 with the adoption of an adequacy decision in the U.K. for the U.K.-US Data Bridge). However, the adequacy decision does not foreclose, and is likely to face, future legal challenges and the ongoing legal uncertainty may increase our costs and our ability to efficiently process personal data from the EEA. While the European Commission published new standard contractual clauses for transferring personal data from the EU to third countries, and the European Data Protection Board issued certain recommendations relating to measures that supplement transfer tools to ensure compliance with the EU level of protection of personal data, the CJEU&#8217;s decision has increased uncertainty surrounding data transfers from the EU to third countries that may not offer the same level of protection for data subjects&#8217; rights as the EU. Due to these recent regulatory changes and guidance, we may need to invest in additional technical, legal and organization safeguards in the future to avoid disruptions to data flows within our business and to and from our customers and service providers. Furthermore, this uncertainty, and its eventual resolution, may increase our costs of compliance, impede our ability to transfer data and conduct our business, and harm our business or results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">97</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Additionally, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (&#8220;U.K.&#8221;) from the EU (commonly known as &#8220;Brexit&#8221;) has created uncertainty with regard to the regulation of privacy and data protection in the U.K. Since January 1, 2021, when the transitional period following Brexit expired, the so-called U.K. GDPR (combining the GDPR and the U.K.&#8217;s Data Protection Act of 2018) has been in effect in the U.K. Although the U.K. GDPR currently imposes substantially the same obligations as the GDPR, and currently authorizes similar fines, the U.K. GDPR will not automatically incorporate changes to the GDPR going forward (which would need to be specifically incorporated by the U.K. government). Moreover, the U.K. government has publicly announced plans to reform the U.K. GDPR in ways that, if formalized, are likely to deviate from the GDPR. While the European Commission has issued an &#8220;adequacy&#8221; decision to the U.K., which facilitates the sharing of personal data between the EU and the U.K. for the time being, such adequacy decision will sunset in June 2025 unless extended and it may be revoked in the future by the European Commission if the U.K. data protection regime is reformed in ways that deviate substantially from the level of protection currently in place. Adding further complexity for international data flows, in March 2022, the U.K. adopted its own International Data Transfer Agreement for transfers of personal data out of the U.K. to so-called third countries, as well as an international data transfer addendum that can be used with GDPR&#8217;s standard contractual clauses for the same purpose. All of this creates a risk of divergent parallel regimes and related uncertainty, along with the potential for increased compliance costs and risks for affected businesses based on differing interpretation and enforcement by regulators and authorities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">United States</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the United States, various federal regulators, including governmental agencies like the Federal Trade Commission, and states and state regulators have adopted, or are considering adopting, laws and regulations concerning personal data and data security, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, of 2018 (as modifed by the California Privacy Rights Act, collectively &#8220;CCPA&#8221;). This patchwork of legislation and regulation may give rise to conflicts or differing views of personal privacy rights. For example, certain state laws may be more stringent or broader in scope, or offer greater individual rights, with respect to personal data than federal, international or other state laws, and such laws may differ from each other, all of which may complicate compliance efforts. One such comprehensive privacy law in the United States is the CCPA, which came into effect on January 1, 2020 and was significantly amended as of January 1, 2023. Among other things, the CCPA requires companies that process personal information of California residents to make detailed disclosures to consumers about such companies&#8217; data collection, use and sharing practices, gives California residents expanded rights to access and delete their personal information and to opt out of certain personal information sharing with (and sales of personal information to) third parties. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal data that may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. Additionally, the CCPA expands consumers&#8217; rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information, further restricts the use of cross-context behavioral advertising and creates a state agency, the California Privacy Protection Agency, to oversee implementation and enforcement efforts. Amendments have been made to the CCPA, and it is possible that further amendments will be enacted, but even in its current form it remains unclear how various provisions of the CCPA will be interpreted and enforced, potentially resulting in further uncertainty and requiring us to incur additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply. In addition, all 50 states have laws that require the provision of notification for security breaches of personal information to affected individuals, state officers or others. Possible consequences for non-compliance with these various state laws include enforcement actions in response to rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of federal agencies and state attorneys general and legislatures and consumer protection agencies. State laws are changing rapidly and there have been ongoing discussions and proposals in the U.S. Congress with respect to new federal data privacy and security laws to which we would become subject if enacted. All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time, may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies, divert resources from other initiatives and projects, and could restrict the way products and services involving data are offered, all of which may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Registration for Import and Export Goods</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Customs Law of the People&#8217;s Republic of China promulgated by the SCNPC on January 22, 1987 and last amended on April 29, 2021, unless otherwise stipulated, the declaration of import and export goods may be made by consignees and consignors themselves, and such formalities may also be completed by their entrusted customs brokers that have filed with the Customs. The consignees and consignors for import or export of goods and the customs brokers engaged in customs declaration shall file with the Customs in accordance with the laws.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">98</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Administrative Provisions of the Customs of the People&#8217;s Republic of China on the Record Filings of Customs Declaration Entities promulgated by the General Administration of Customs on November 19, 2021, where the consignee or consignor of imported or exported goods or a customs declaration enterprise applies for recordation, it shall obtain the qualification of market entities; particularly where the consignee or consignor of imported or exported goods applies for recordation, it shall be filed as a foreign trade business. Where the consignee or consignor of imported or exported goods or a customs declaration enterprise has undergone the formalities of recordation for customs declaration entities, branches that meet the requirements of the preceding paragraph may also apply for recordation for customs declaration entities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, the Foreign Trade Law of the PRC which was promulgated by the SCNPC on May 12, 1994 and amended on November 7, 2016, and the Measures for the Record Filing and Registration of Foreign Trade Business Operators, which was promulgated by MOFCOM on June 25, 2004 and last amended on May 10, 2021, require any foreign trade business operator that is engaged in the import and export of goods or technology shall be registered for archival purposes with the administrative department of foreign trade of the State Council or the institution entrusted thereby, unless it is otherwise provided for by any law, administrative regulation or the foreign trade department of the State Council. The specific measures for archival registration shall be formulated by the foreign trade department of the State Council. Where any foreign trade business operator that fails to file for record and registration according to relevant provisions, the customs may not handle the procedures of customs declarations and release of the import or export goods. On December 30, 2022, the SCNPC promulgated the Decision on Amending the Foreign Trade Law of the PRC, and accordingly foreign trade operators engaged in the import and export of goods or technologies are not required to go through the filing and registration procedures from December 30, 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Product Quality</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Products made in mainland China are subject to the Product Quality Law of the People&#8217;s Republic of China, which was promulgated on February 22, 1993, last amended on December 29, 2018. According to the Product Quality Law, a manufacturer of a product is responsible to compensate for the damages to any person or property caused by the defect of such a product, unless the manufacturer is able to prove that (i) it has not circulated the product; (ii) the defect did not exist at the time when the product was circulated; or (iii) scientific or technological knowledge at the time when the product was circulated was not such that it allowed the defect to be discovered.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law of the People&#8217;s Republic of China (the &#8220;Consumers Protection Law&#8221;) was promulgated on October 31, 1993 and became effective on January 1, 1994. The Consumers Protection Law has been further revised on August 27, 2009 and October 25, 2013. According to the Consumers Protection Law, unless otherwise provided by this law, an operator that provides products or services may bear civil liability in accordance with the Product Quality Law and other relevant laws and regulations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">According to the Administrative Regulations for Compulsory Product Certification, which was promulgated by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine P.R.C. (the &#8220;AQSIQ&#8221;) (which has merged into the State Administration for Market Regulation) on July 3, 2009 and last amended on September 29, 2022, products specified by the state shall not be delivered, sold, imported or used in other business activities until they are certified, or the Compulsory Product Certification, and labeled with China Compulsory Certification mark. For products that are subject to Compulsory Product Certification, the state implements unified product catalogs, or the 3C Catalog, unified compulsory requirements, standards and compliance assessment procedures in technical specification, unified certification marks and unified charging standards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Regulation Relating to Intellectual Property Rights</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Regulation on Patents</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The SCNPC adopted the Patent Law of the PRC in 1984 and amended it in 1992, 2000, 2008 and 2020, respectively. A patentable invention or utility model must meet three conditions: novelty, inventiveness and practical applicability. Patents cannot be granted for scientific discoveries, rules and methods for intellectual activities, methods used to diagnose or treat diseases, animal and plant breeding methods of nuclear transformation or substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation. The Patent Office under the State Intellectual Property Office is responsible for receiving, examining and approving patent applications. A patent is valid for a 20-year term for an invention and a 10-year term for a utility model and a 15-year term for a design, starting from the application date. Except under certain specific circumstances provided by law, any third-party user must obtain consent or a proper license from the patent owner to use the patent, or else the use will constitute an infringement of the rights of the patent holder.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">99</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Regulation on Copyright</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In accordance with the Copyright Law of the PRC which was promulgated by the SCNPC on September 7, 1990 and last amended on November 11, 2020, and took effect on June 1, 2021. Chinese citizens, legal persons or other entities own the copyright in their works whether published or not, including written works; oral works; music, comedy arts of talking and singing, dance and acrobatics; work of art and architecture work; photographic works; cinematographic work and work created by the method similar to the film production method; engineering design drawing, product design drawing, map, sketch and other graphic works and model works; computer software and other works specified by laws and administrative regulations. The rights a copyright owner has include but are not limited to the following rights of the person and property rights: the right of publication, right of authorship, right of modification, right of integrity, right of reproduction, distribution right, rental right, right of network communication, translation right and right of compilation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In accordance with the Regulations on the Protection of Computer Software promulgated by the State Council on June 4, 1991 and last amended on January 30, 2013, Chinese citizens, legal persons or other entities own the copyright, including the right of publication, right of authorship, right of modification, right of reproduction, distribution right, rental right, right of network communication, translation right and other right software copyright owners shall have in software developed by them, regard less of whether it has been published. In accordance with the Measures for the Registration of Computer Software Copyright promulgated by the National Copyright Administration on February 20, 2002, software copyrights, exclusive licensing contracts for software copyrights and software copyright transfer contracts shall be registered, and the National Copyright Administration shall be the competent authority for the administration of software copyright registration and designates the Copyright Protection Center of China as a software registration authority. The Copyright Protection Center of China shall grant a registration certificate to a computer software copyright applicant who complies with regulations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Regulation on Trademark</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Trademarks are protected by the Trademark Law of the PRC (Revised in 2019), or the Trademark Law, which was promulgated on August 23, 1982 and last amended on April 23, 2019 and come into effect on November 1, 2019, respectively, as well as the Implementation Regulation of Trademark Law of the PRC adopted by the State Council on August 3, 2002 (Revised in 2014). In China, registered trademarks include commodity trademarks, service trademarks, collective marks and certification marks.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Trademark Office of China National Intellectual Property Administration handles trademark registrations and grants a term of 10 years to registered trademarks. Trademarks are renewable every ten years where a registered trademark needs to be used after the expiration of its validity term. A registration renewal application shall be filed within six months prior to the expiration of the term. A trademark registrant may license its registered trademark to another party by entering into a trademark license contract. Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office to be recorded. The licensor shall supervise the quality of the commodities on which the trademark is used, and the licensee shall guarantee the quality of such commodities. The Trademark Law has adopted a &#8220;first come, first file&#8221; principle with respect to trademark registration. Where a trademark for which a registration application has been made is identical or similar to another trademark which has already been registered or been subject to a preliminary examination and approval for use on the same kind of or similar commodities or services, the application for registration of such trademark may be rejected. Any person applying for the registration of a trademark may not prejudice the existing right first obtained by others, nor may any person register in advance a trademark that has already been used by another party and has already gained a &#8220;sufficient degree of reputation&#8221; through such party&#8217;s use. Trademarks are granted for a term of 10 years. Twelve months prior to the expiration of the ten-year term, the trademark registrant shall apply for the renewal of registration; if the trademark registrant does not make the renewal during the foregoing period, another six-month extension can be granted.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Regulation on Domain Name</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Internet Domain Names, which was promulgated by the MIIT on August 24, 2017 and took effect on November 1, 2017, whoever engages in internet domain name services and its operation and maintenance, supervision and administration and other related activities within the territory of the People&#8217;s Republic of China shall abide by these Measures.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">100</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In accordance with the Notice of the MIIT on Regulating the Use of Domain Names in Internet Information Services) which was promulgated by the MIIT of the PRC on November 27, 2017 and took effect on January 1, 2018, internet access service providers shall verify the identity of each internet information service provider, and shall not provide services to any internet information service provider who fails to provide real identity information.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Regulation Relating to Employment and Social Welfare</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Regulation on Labor</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Labor Contract Law of the PRC, which was issued on June 29, 2007, amended on December 28, 2012 and became effective on July 1, 2013, labor contracts shall be concluded in writing if labor relationships are to be or have been established between enterprises or institutions and the laborers. Enterprises and institutions are forbidden to force laborers to work beyond the time limit and employers shall pay laborers for overtime work in accordance with national regulations. In addition, labor wages shall not be lower than local standards on minimum wages and shall be paid to laborers in a timely manner.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">According to the Labor Law of the PRC, which was promulgated on July 5, 1994, last amended and became effective on December 29, 2018, enterprises and institutions shall establish and improve their system of work place safety and sanitation, strictly abide by state rules and standards on workplace safety, educate laborers in labor safety and sanitation in the PRC. Labor safety and sanitation facilities shall comply with state-fixed standards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Enterprises and institutions shall provide laborers with a safe workplace and sanitary conditions that comply with state stipulations and the relevant articles of labor protection.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 18pt;">Regulation on Social Insurance and Housing Fund</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In accordance with the Regulation of Insurance for Labor Injury, implemented on January 1, 2004, amended on December 20, 2010 and effective on January 1, 2011, the Provisional Measures for Maternity Insurance of Employees of Corporation, implemented on January 1, 1995, the Decisions on the Establishment of a Unified Program for Basic Old-Aged Pension Insurance of the State Council, issued on July 16, 1997, the Decisions on the Establishment of the Medical Insurance Program for Urban Workers of the State Council promulgated on December 14, 1998, the Unemployment Insurance Measures, promulgated on January 22, 1999, the Social Insurance Law of the PRC, implemented on July 1, 2011 and amended on December 29, 2018, and the Interim Regulations on the Collection and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums, promulgated on January 22, 1999 and amended on March 24, 2019, enterprises are obliged to provide their employees in the PRC with welfare schemes covering pension insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, labor injury insurance and medical insurance. These payments are made to local administrative authorities and any employer that fails to contribute may be fined and ordered to make up within a prescribed time limit.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In accordance with the Regulations on the Management of Housing Funds, which was promulgated by the State Council on April 3, 1999 and last amended on March 24, 2019, enterprises must register at the competent managing center for housing funds and upon the examination by such managing center of housing funds, these enterprises shall complete procedures for opening an account at the relevant bank for the deposit of employees&#8217; housing funds. Enterprises are also required to pay and deposit housing funds on behalf of their employees in full and in a timely manner.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">101</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulation Relating to Tax</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 18pt;">Enterprise Income Tax</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">According to the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC, or the EIT Law, and its relevant implementation regulations, taxpayers consist of resident enterprises and non-resident enterprises.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Resident enterprises are defined as enterprises that are established in China in accordance with PRC laws, or that are established in accordance with the laws of foreign countries but whose actual or de facto control is administered from within the PRC. Non-resident enterprises are defined as enterprises that are set up in accordance with the laws of foreign countries and whose actual administration is conducted outside the PRC, but have established institutions or premises in the PRC, or have no such established institutions or premises but have income generated from inside the PRC. Under the EIT Law and relevant implementing regulations, a uniform enterprise income tax rate of 25% is applicable. However, if non-resident enterprises have not formed permanent establishments or premises in the PRC, or if they have formed permanent establishment institutions or premises in the PRC but there is no actual relationship between the relevant income derived in the PRC and the established institutions or premises set up by them, the enterprise income tax is, in that case, set at a rate of 10% for their income sourced from inside the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">According to the EIT Law and relevant implementation regulations, the EIT tax rate of a high and new technology enterprise is 15%. Pursuant to the Administrative Measures for the Recognition of High and New Technology Enterprises, which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on January 29, 2016, the certificate of a high and new technology enterprise is valid for three years. An enterprise shall, after being accredited as a high-tech enterprise, fill out and submit the statements on annual conditions concerning the intellectual property rights, scientific and technical personnel, expenses on research and development and operating income for the previous year on the &#8220;website for the administration of accreditation of high-tech enterprises.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Notice on Taxation Policies for Further Encouraging the Development of the Software and Integrated Circuit Industries, which was promulgated by the Ministry of Finance (the &#8220;MOF&#8221;) and the State Administration of Taxation (the &#8220;SAT&#8221;) on April 20, 2012 and became effective on January 1, 2011, and the Notice on Issues Relating to the Preferential Policies for Enterprise Income Tax in Software and Integrated Circuits Industry promulgated by MOF, the SAT, the NDRC and the MIIT on May 4, 2016, provide that, upon certification, newly established integrated circuit design enterprises and eligible software enterprises shall be exempt from the enterprise income tax for the first two years of the preferential period, and shall be levied thereon at half of the statutory rate of 25% for the next three years until the expiration of the preferential period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Value-Added Tax</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Provisional Regulations of the PRC on Value-added Tax were promulgated by the State Council on December 13, 1993 and came into effect on January 1, 1994, which were subsequently amended on November 10, 2008, February 6, 2016 and November 19, 2017. The Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations of the PRC on Value-added Tax (Revised in 2011) was promulgated by the MOF on December 25, 1993 and subsequently amended on December 15, 2008 and October 28, 2011. These rules and regulations are collectively referred to as the VAT Law. On November 19, 2017, the State Council promulgated the Decisions on Abolishing the Provisional Regulations of the PRC on Business Tax and Amending the Provisional Regulations of the PRC on Value-added Tax, or the Order 691. According to the VAT Law and Order 691, all enterprises and individuals engaged in the sale of goods, the provision of processing, repair and replacement services, sales of services, intangible assets, real property and the importation of goods within the territory of the PRC are the taxpayers of VAT. The VAT tax rates generally applicable are simplified as 17%, 11%, 6% and 0%, and the VAT tax rate applicable to the small-scale taxpayers is 3%. The Notice of the MOF and the SAT on the Adjustment to VAT Rates, or the Notice, was promulgated on April 4, 2018 and became effective as of May 1, 2018. The Notice adjusted the VAT tax rates of 17% and 11% to 16% and 10%, respectively. According to the Announcement on Relevant Policies for Deepening Value-Added Tax Reform, which came into effect from April 1, 2019, the VAT tax rates of 16% and 10% were further changed into 13% and 9%, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">102</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Dividend Withholding Tax</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Furthermore, pursuant to the Notice of the SAT on the Issues Concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements, which was promulgated and effective on February 20, 2009, all of the following requirements should be satisfied where a fiscal resident of the other party to the tax agreement needs to be entitled to such tax agreement treatment as being taxed at a tax rate specified in the tax agreement for the dividends paid to it by a PRC resident company: (i) such a fiscal resident who obtains dividends should be a company as provided in the tax agreement; (ii) owner&#8217;s equity interests and voting shares of the PRC resident company directly owned by such a fiscal resident reaches a specified percentage; and (iii) the equity interests of the PRC resident company directly owned by such a fiscal resident, at any time during the 12 months prior to the acquisition of the dividends, reaches a percentage specified in the tax agreement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, according to the Announcement of the State Taxation Administration on Issuing the Measures for Non-resident Taxpayers&#8217; Enjoyment of Treaty Benefits, promulgated by the SAT on October 14, 2019 and became effective on January 1, 2020, where a non-resident enterprise that receives dividends from a PRC resident enterprise wishes to enjoy the favorable tax benefits under the convention treatment, it may be entitled to the convention treatment itself when filing a tax return or making a withholding declaration through a withholding agent, subject to the subsequent administration by the tax authorities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Regulation Relating to Foreign Exchange</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations of the PRC, as amended in August 5, 2008, RMB is freely convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not for capital account items, such as direct investments, loans, repatriation of investments and investments in securities outside China, unless the prior approval of SAFE is obtained and prior registration with SAFE is made. On May 10, 2013, SAFE promulgated the Notice of the SAFE on Issuing the Provisions on the Foreign Exchange Administration of Domestic Direct Investment of Foreign Investors and the Supporting Documents, or the SAFE Circular No. 21, which was amended on October 10, 2018 and December 30, 2019. SAFE Circular No. 21 provided and simplified the operational steps and regulations on foreign exchange matters related to direct investment by foreign investors, including foreign exchange registration, account opening and use, receipt and payment of funds, and settlement and sales of foreign exchange.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Notice of the SAFE on Further Improving and Adjusting Foreign Exchange Administration Policies for Direct Investment, or the SAFE Circular No. 59, which was promulgated by SAFE on November 19, 2012, became effective on December 17, 2012 and was further amended on May 4, 2015, October 10, 2018 and December 30, 2019, approval is not required for the opening of an account entry in foreign exchange accounts under direct investment. SAFE Notice No. 59 also simplified the capital verification and confirmation formalities for foreign invested entities, the foreign capital and foreign exchange registration formalities required for the foreign investors to acquire equities from a Chinese party, and further improved the administration on exchange settlement of foreign exchange capital of foreign invested entities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Notice of the SAFE on Issues concerning Foreign Exchange Administration of the Overseas Investment and Financing and the Round-tripping Investment Made by Domestic Residents through Special-Purpose Companies, or the SAFE Circular No. 37, which was promulgated by SAFE and became effective on July 4, 2014, (i) a PRC resident shall register with the local SAFE branch before he or she contributes assets or equity interests in an overseas SPV that is directly established or controlled by such PRC resident for the purpose of conducting investment or financing; and (ii) following the initial registration, such PRC resident is also required to register with the local SAFE branch for any major change, in respect of the overseas SPV, including, among other things, a change of the overseas SPV&#8217;s PRC resident shareholder(s), name of the overseas SPV, term of operation, or any increase or reduction of the overseas SPV&#8217;s registered capital, share transfer or swap, and merger or division. Pursuant to SAFE Circular No.37, failure to comply with these registration procedures may result in penalties.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Notice of the SAFE on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for the Foreign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment, or the SAFE Circular 13, which was promulgated on February 13, 2015, became effective on June 1, 2015 and was further amended on December 30, 2019, the foreign exchange registration under domestic direct investment and the foreign exchange registration under overseas direct investment is directly reviewed and handled by banks in accordance with the SAFE Circular 13, and the SAFE and its branches shall perform indirect regulation over the foreign exchange registration via banks.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">103</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Regulation Relating to Dividend Distribution</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Company Law is the principal law that governs the dividends distribution by companies in the PRC and it applies to both PRC domestic companies and foreign-invested companies. Foreign-invested companies are also subject to the relevant requirements under the Foreign Investment Law and its implementing rules. Under these laws, regulations and rules, both domestic companies and foreign-invested companies in the PRC are required to set aside as general reserves at least 10% of their after-tax profit, until the cumulative amount of their reserves reaches 50% of their registered capital. PRC companies are not permitted to distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Employee Equity Incentive Plan</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in equity incentive plan in overseas non-publicly listed companies may submit applications to SAFE or its local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In addition, pursuant to the Notice of Issues Related to the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Listed Company, or the SAFE Circular 7, which was issued by the SAFE on February 15, 2012, employees, directors, supervisors, and other senior management participating in any equity incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are non-PRC citizens residing in China for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic agency as regulated in SAFE Circular 7.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, the SAT has issued certain circulars concerning employee stock options and restricted shares, including the Circular on Issues Concerning the Individual Income Tax on Share-option Incentives, or the SAT Circular 461, which was promulgated and took effect on August 24, 2009, and the Notice on Measures Enhancing the Reform in Taxation and Stimulating the Vitality of Market Players which was promulgated and took effect on October 12, 2021. Under the SAT Circular 461 and other relevant laws and regulations, employees working in the PRC who exercise stock options or are granted restricted shares will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRC subsidiaries of an overseas listed company are required to file documents related to employee stock options and restricted shares with relevant tax authorities and to withhold individual income taxes of employees who exercise their stock option or purchase restricted shares. If the employees fail to pay or the PRC subsidiaries fail to withhold income tax in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, the PRC subsidiary may face sanctions imposed by the tax authorities or other PRC government authorities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Regulation Relating to M&amp;A and Overseas Listing</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the &#8220;M&amp;A Rules&#8221;) was promulgated by six PRC ministries, including MOFCOM, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the SAT, the SAMR, the CSRC, and the SAFE, on August 8, 2006, and was amended and became effective on June 22, 2009. The M&amp;A Rules stipulate that a foreign investor is required to obtain necessary approvals when it (i) acquires the equity of a domestic enterprise so as to convert the domestic enterprise into a foreign-invested enterprise; (ii) subscribes for the increased capital of a domestic enterprise so as to convert the domestic enterprise into a foreign-invested enterprise; (iii) establishes a foreign-invested enterprise through which it purchases the assets of any domestic enterprise and operates these assets; or (iv) purchases the assets of a domestic enterprise, and then invests such assets to establish a foreign-invested enterprise. The M&amp;A Rules, among other things, further prescribed that a special purpose vehicle, formed for overseas listing purposes and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals, shall be approved by MOFCOM prior to its establishment and obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle&#8217;s securities on an overseas stock exchange.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Notice of the Foreign Investment Administration of the MOFCOM on Distributing the Manual of Guidance on Administration for Foreign Investment Access, which was issued and became effective on December 18, 2008 by MOFCOM, notwithstanding the fact that (i) the domestic shareholder is connected with the foreign investor or not, or (ii) the foreign investor is the existing shareholder or the new investor, the M&amp;A Rules shall not apply to the transfer of an equity interest in an incorporated foreign-invested enterprise from the domestic shareholder to the foreign investor.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">104</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and relevant supporting guidelines, collectively, the New Overseas Listing Rules, setting out new filing procedures for China-based companies seeking direct or indirect listings and offerings in overseas markets, which came into force since March 31, 2023. The New Overseas Listing Rules are applicable to PRC domestic companies that seek to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either through direct or indirect means. If an issuer meets both of the following criteria, the overseas securities offering and listing conducted by such issuer shall be deemed to be an indirect overseas offering subject to the filing procedures set forth under the New Overseas Listing Rules: (i) 50% or more of the issuer&#8217;s operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent fiscal year are derived from PRC domestic companies; and (ii) the issuer&#8217;s business activities are substantially conducted in mainland China, or its principal place(s) of business are located in mainland China, or the senior managers in charge of its business operations and management are mostly Chinese citizens or domiciled in mainland China. Pursuant to the New Overseas Listing Rules, an issuer listed in an overseas market that intends to effect any follow-on offering in the same overseas market where it has previously offered and listed securities should, through its major operating entity incorporated in the PRC, file relevant materials with the CSRC within three business days after the completion of any such follow-on offering. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Furthermore, according to New Overseas Listing Rules, after an issuer has completed its offering and listed its securities on an overseas stock exchange, the issuer shall submit a report to the CSRC within three business days after the occurrence and public disclosure of any material events, including: (i) a change of control; (ii) investigations of or sanctions imposed on the issuer by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other relevant competent authorities; (iii) changes of listing status or transfers of the listing segment; and (iv) a voluntary or mandatory delisting.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The New Overseas Listing Rules provide that in the event of any breach, including any failure to fulfill the filing procedure, or any offering and listing of securities in an overseas market in violation of the measures, the CSRC will order such domestic company to rectify, issue warnings to such domestic company, and impose a fine between RMB1 million and RMB10 million. Fines and warnings will be imposed on persons-in-charge and other persons who are directly liable. In addition, fines will also be imposed on controlling shareholders and actual controllers of the domestic company who initiate or cause the noncompliance activities described above.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">105</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:246.59pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">4.C.</b></span>Organizational Structure</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following chart illustrates our corporate structure, including our significant subsidiaries as that term is defined under Section 1-02 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act, the VIE and certain other subsidiaries, as of the date of this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231x20f001.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:246.59pt;width:477.34pt;"/></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Notes:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">(1) The VIE is owned by certain nominee shareholders, not us. All of these nominee shareholders are also beneficial owners of our company. Shareholders of Hangzhou Tuya Technology are Xueji (Jerry) Wang (our director and CEO), Liaohan (Leo) Chen (our director), Yaona Lin (our employee), Ruixin Zhou (our employee) and Peihong Chen (our employee), each holding approximately 60.7%, 13.1%, 11.5%, 9.8% and 4.9%, respectively, of Hangzhou Tuya Technology&#8217;s equity interests. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">(2) Contractual arrangements include exclusive business cooperation agreement, equity interest pledge agreement, exclusive option agreement, power of attorney and spousal consent. See &#8220;&#8212;Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and the VIE&#8217;s Registered Shareholders&#8221; below in this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and the VIE&#8217;s Registered Shareholders</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya Inc. is a Cayman Islands holding company and conducts its operations in China mainly through its PRC subsidiaries. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Investment in certain areas of the industries in which we currently operate and may operate are subject to restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations. After consultation with Jia Yuan Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel, we determined that it was not viable for us to hold Hangzhou Tuya Technology, the VIE, directly through equity ownership. Instead, we decided that, in line with common practice in the PRC for industries subject to foreign investment restrictions, we would gain effective control over, and receive all the economic benefits generated by the businesses currently operated by the VIE through the contractual arrangements between Tuya Information, on the one hand, and the VIE and the registered shareholders, on the other hand. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we exert effective control over the VIE, and are considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting purposes and consolidate its operating results in our financial statements under the U.S. GAAP.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">106</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The revenue contribution from the VIE was nil in 2021, 2022 and 2023. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023 the assets of the VIE, excluding amounts due from other companies in our group, represented less than 0.01% and less than 0.01% of our consolidated total assets, respectively. We expect the contribution of revenue and assets to our group from the VIE to remain immaterial in the foreseeable future. Additionally, the VIE does not hold any licenses or permits that are material to our current business operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The contractual arrangements between Tuya Information, on the one hand, and the VIE and its registered shareholders, on the other hand, were initially entered into in December 2014 and were amended and restated in January 2022. The following is a summary of these contractual arrangements. For the complete text of these contractual arrangements, please see the copies filed as exhibits to this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the opinion of Jia Yuan Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel, the execution and performance of the contractual arrangements do not violate the provisions of the Civil Code of the PRC which may lead to their invalidity, and are binding on the parties thereto. The contractual arrangements can be enforced in accordance with PRC laws, except that the following arrangement may not be enforceable under PRC laws: (i) the contractual arrangements provide that the arbitrator may impose restrictions on and/or dispose of the VIE&#8217;s equity interests or land and other assets (such as for award of remedies), grant injunction (such as for the conduct of business or compelling the transfer of assets), or grant other interim relief, or order winding up of our consolidated affiliated entity through arbitration, and that the courts with jurisdiction (including the courts in Hong Kong, the place of incorporation of the Company, the place of incorporation of the VIE, and the place where the principal assets of our company or the VIE is located) shall have the right to grant interim relief in support of the arbitration, while under PRC laws, an arbitral body has no power to grant injunctive relief and may not directly issue a provisional or final liquidation order for the purpose of protecting assets of or equity interests in the VIE in case of disputes. In addition, interim remedies or enforcement orders granted by overseas courts such as Hong Kong and the Cayman Islands may not be recognizable or enforceable in China, and (ii) the contractual arrangements provide that when the VIE is liquidated or dissolved, persons recommended by Tuya Information shall be appointed as permitted by the PRC laws to establish a liquidation team to manage the assets of the VIE. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">However, these contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing control as direct equity ownership. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations. We have been further advised by our PRC legal counsel that if the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the VIE structure do not comply with applicable PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to penalties, including being required to cease the operations carried out through the VIE. For a detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties related to these contractual arrangements and our corporate structure, please see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information &#8211; 3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under this exclusive business cooperation agreement, Tuya Information has agreed to provide the following services to Hangzhou Tuya Technology:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the licensing of software legally owned by Tuya Information;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the development, maintenance and update of software involved in Hangzhou Tuya Technology&#8217;s business;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the design, installation, daily management, maintenance and updating of network system, hardware and databased design;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the technical support and training for employees of Hangzhou Tuya Technology;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the assistance in consultancy, collection and research of technology and market information (excluding market research business that wholly foreign-owned enterprises are prohibited from conducting under PRC law);</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the provision of business management consultation;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the provision of marketing and promotion services;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the leasing of equipment or properties; and</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">107</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">other services requested by Hangzhou Tuya Technology from time to time to the extent permitted under PRC law.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Hangzhou Tuya Technology has agreed to pay services fees to Tuya Information on a regular basis in discretion of Hangzhou Tuya Technology after considering certain factors as specified in the exclusive business cooperation agreement. The service fee shall be equivalent to the total income of Hangzhou Tuya Technology of each financial year, deducting the costs, expenses, taxes (excluding corporate income tax) and other statutory fees reserved or withdrawn. Hangzhou Tuya Technology shall pay the service fee to the bank account designated by Tuya Information within 10 days after receiving notice and bill from Tuya Information. This agreement was effective from December 23, 2014 and will continue to be effective unless it is terminated by written notice of Tuya Information or according to the provisions in the agreement. Unless otherwise required by applicable laws, Hangzhou Tuya Technology shall not have any right to terminate this exclusive business cooperation agreement in any event.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 18pt;">Equity Interest Pledge Agreement</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:11pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Xueji (Jerry) Wang, one of the shareholders of Hangzhou Tuya Technology, entered into an equity pledge agreement with Tuya Information and Hangzhou Tuya Technology, originally dated December 23, 2014 and amended and restated on August 23, 2019 and January 19, 2022, respectively. Each of Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen, the shareholders of Hangzhou Tuya Technology, entered into an equity pledge agreement with Tuya Information and Hangzhou Tuya Technology, each originally dated December 23, 2014, amended on August 23, 2019 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022. Under such equity interest pledge agreements, each of Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen pledged his or her respective equity interest in Hangzhou Tuya Technology to Tuya Information to secure his or her obligations under the applicable exclusive business cooperation agreement, exclusive option agreement, and powers of attorney. Each of Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen further agreed to not transfer or pledge his or her respective equity interest in Hangzhou Tuya Technology without the prior written consent of Tuya Information. Each of the equity pledge agreement will remain binding until the respective pledger, Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen, as the case may be, discharges all his or her obligations and pays all his or her indebtedness under the above-mentioned agreements. Once Tuya Information is permitted to directly hold the equity interest of Hangzhou Tuya Technology, and Hangzhou Tuya Technology is able to operate its business legally pursuant to the PRC laws and regulations, Tuya Information will exercise the equity purchase option under the Exclusive Option Agreement as soon as possible, so that it will directly operate the business of Hangzhou Tuya Technology or directly hold its equity interest. As the date of this annual report, the equity pledges under the equity interest pledge agreement have been registered with competent PRC regulatory authority.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 18pt;">Exclusive Option Agreement</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:11pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the exclusive option agreement entered into by Tuya Information, Hangzhou Tuya Technology and Xueji (Jerry) Wang, originally dated December 23, 2014 and amended and restated on August 23, 2019 and January 19, 2022, respectively, and the exclusive option agreements entered into by Tuya Information, Hangzhou Tuya Technology and each of Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen, each originally dated December 23, 2014 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022, each of Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen granted Tuya Information an option to purchase all or a portion of his or her respective equity interest in Hangzhou Tuya Technology at a price equal to the higher of RMB1.0 and the minimum amount of consideration permitted by PRC law. In addition, under each exclusive purchase option agreement, Hangzhou Tuya Technology has granted Tuya Information an option to purchase all or a portion of the assets held by Hangzhou Tuya Technology or its subsidiaries for the minimum amount of consideration permitted by PRC law. Each of Hangzhou Tuya Technology, Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen agrees that, in the event that Tuya Information exercises the equity interest purchase option or the asset purchase option, all the consideration received by them for this purpose will be fully returned to Tuya Information upon the request of Tuya Information, as long as in compliance with the PRC laws and regulations. Each of Hangzhou Tuya Technology, Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen agreed not to transfer, mortgage or permit any security interest to be created on any equity interest in or material assets of Hangzhou Tuya Technology without the prior written consent of Tuya Information. Each exclusive purchase option agreement shall remain in effect until all of the equity interests in Hangzhou Tuya Technology have been acquired by Tuya Information.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">108</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 18pt;">Power of Attorney</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to a series of powers of attorney issued by each of Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen and accepted by Tuya Information on January 19, 2022, each of Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen irrevocably appointed Tuya Information or any designated person as their exclusive agent and attorney to act on their behalf on all shareholder matters of Hangzhou Tuya Technology and exercise all rights as shareholders of Hangzhou Tuya Technology. Each of Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen will provide full assistance to Tuya Information with respect to the exercise of such rights. Each of Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen has undertaken that he or she will refrain from any action or omission that may cause any conflict of interest between himself and Tuya Information. These powers of attorney shall remain valid during the period that each of them is a shareholder of Hangzhou Tuya Technology.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Spousal Consent</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Each spouse of Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Liaohan (Leo) Chen, Yaona Lin, Ruixin Zhou and Peihong Chen has signed a spousal consent. Under each spousal consent, the signing spouse agreed that the equity interests of Hangzhou Tuya Technology held and to be held by his/her spouse are his/her spouse&#8217;s personal property and do not constitute the communal estate marital assets of the signing spouse. The signing spouse unconditionally and irrevocably undertook to waive any rights or interests in such assets and not to make any assertions in connection with the equity interests in Hangzhou Tuya Technology held by his/her spouse. Moreover, each spouse agreed that the disposition of the equity interest in Hangzhou Tuya Technology which is held by and registered under the name of his/her spouse shall be made pursuant to the above-mentioned exclusive business cooperation agreement, exclusive option agreement and powers of attorney, as amended from time to time. In addition, in the event that any of them obtains any equity interest in Hangzhou Tuya Technology held by their respective spouses for any reason, such spouse agreed to be bound by similar obligations and agreed to enter into similar contractual arrangements. Each signing spouse undertook that in the event of death, bankruptcy, incapacity, divorce of his/her spouse, or any circumstance that may affect the exercise of his shareholder rights in Hangzhou Tuya Technology, the signing spouse will not, under any circumstances and in any way, take any action that may affect or hinder the obligations of her spouse under the above contractual arrangements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">4.D.</b></span>Property, Plant and Equipment</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our principal executive office is located in Hangzhou, China under a lease that will expire in 2026. In addition, we operate internationally with local headquarters in the United States, Europe, Singapore, India, Japan and Colombia, among other locations. As of December 31, 2023, we leased 15 properties with a gross floor area of approximately 25,199.82 square meters in China. These offices are leased, and we do not own any real property. We believe that our current facilities are adequate to meet our current needs.</p><a id="_11086f8b_2698_404d_815d_4a93e39acda7"></a><a id="ITEM4AUNRESOLVEDSTAFFCOMMENTS_99773"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 4A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">We received comment letters from the staff of the SEC&#8217;s Division of Corporation Finance, dated July 15, 2023, August 15, 2023, October 16, 2023 and December 15, 2023, with respect to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on April 26, 2023 (the &#8220;2022 Annual Report&#8221;), requesting us to provide a detailed legal analysis regarding whether Tuya, Inc. and each of its subsidiaries meet the definition of an &#8220;investment company&#8221; under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (&#8220;Investment Company Act&#8221;).</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;">We believe we are not an investment company (see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D.Risk Factors &#8212;Risks Related to Our ADSs and Class A Ordinary Shares &#8212;If we were deemed to be an &#8220;investment company&#8221; under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the &#8220;Investment Company Act&#8221;), applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition&#8221;) and we filed responses, dated August 4, 2023, September 29, 2023, November 22, 2023 and January 19, 2024, via EDGAR, and continue to submit other materials, to the SEC staff for review.  As of the date of this annual report, we have not received confirmation from the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance of the SEC that its review process relating to our 2022 Annual Report has been completed. If we receive additional comments from the staff, we intend to work with the SEC staff to resolve such additional comments promptly.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">109</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_d3cda994_f1cd_403d_8383_623618e21275"></a><a id="ITEM5OPERATINGANDFINANCIALREVIEWANDPROSP"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 5.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">You should read the following discussion together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business and operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those we currently anticipate as a result of many factors, including those we describe under &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8221; and elsewhere in this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">5.A.</b></span>Operating Results</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">KEY FACTORS AFFECTING OUR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by the general factors driving the global IoT industry, including, among others, economic growth of major economies, the increase in per capita disposable income, consumer demand for smart devices, stability of the global supply chain, any global epidemics, new and innovative technologies, competition, and government regulations. Unfavorable changes in any of these general industry conditions could negatively affect demand for our products and services and materially and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, we believe our results of operations are primarily and more directly affected by the following specific factors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Market Adoption of IoT Cloud Development Platform</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our future success depends in large part on the market adoption of IoT cloud development platforms which, in turn, is driven by the proliferation of smart devices. As technologies advance, businesses and end users increasingly demand superior software experience, driving IoT adoption to an inflection point. However, brands and developers still face certain challenges, such as cost and complexity associated with developing an integrated IoT cloud development platform. We see growing demand for our platform because we are in a unique position to deliver a one-stop, developer-first, cloud-agnostic IoT platform with broad use cases that allows our customers to digitalize their businesses and transform the experience of their end users. We believe that the benefits offered by our platform put us in a strong position to capture significant market opportunities ahead.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Since 2022, the global IoT platform market has also been facing headwind. Certain players in the IoT field who are engaged in business similar to our IoT PaaS business announced the termination of their IoT platform services, creating additional business opportunities for us. In 2023, we further enhance our impact on B2B customers and end users around the world, solidifying our market share.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Expanding Usage by Existing Customers</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have amassed a large and diversified customer base covering a wide spectrum of verticals. We believe that there are significant growth opportunities within our existing customers. As our platform is built to be product- and brand-agnostic, many customers using our IoT cloud development platform for one product category expand to more brands, categories and use cases in order to maximize the benefits of our platform and ensure consistent, high quality IoT experience for their end users. Through the increase in usage, we grow more brands and OEMs on our platform into larger customers, such as premium customers who contribute more than US$100,000 of revenue during the immediately preceding 12-month period. As this trend continues, our brand awareness also increases, generating word-of-mouth referrals that not only attract more brands, developers and partners, but also lead to growing end user demand, better user insights and a more vibrant IoT ecosystem. We expect to expand into additional product categories and use cases to expand cross- and up-selling opportunities and continue to invest in sales and marketing and customer success activities to achieve additional revenue growth from existing customers. We believe that these efforts will have a long-term, positive impact on our business and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">110</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">New Customer Acquisition</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our operating results and growth prospects will also depend on our ability to attract new customers. We are intensely focused on growing our customer base. We continue to invest in our sales and marketing efforts and developer community outreach, which are critical to driving customer acquisition. We have built a developer and partner network through effective marketing efforts which continuously raise awareness of our IoT cloud development platform. For example, through our self-service developer portal, a developer can use our platform to develop a smart device within minutes. This has allowed us to acquire customers rapidly and cost-effectively. Furthermore, we seek to improve the breadth and quality of our platform and products, and to enhance our brand recognition, which will allow us to capture additional market share, better optimize the pricing of our products and services, and reach customers in a broader range of verticals and use cases. Additionally, a cornerstone of our approach is the key customer focus strategy, which has increased our personnel efficiency and enabled us to dedicate sufficient resources to securing and better serving large and strategically important customers with significant long - term potential.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Investment for Growth</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are committed to delivering industry-leading products to continue building and maintaining credibility with the global IoT community. We believe that the comprehensive product offerings and our continued efforts to introduce new features and capabilities on our platform provide us with a significant competitive advantage. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We consistently focus on software and hardware product enhancement and offer the dual option of IoT PaaS model or the smart solutions model, giving our customers a broad spectrum of choices. For example, key account customers can leverage the IoT PaaS model, which incorporates the operating system, cloud, and app SDK, in accordance with their business needs, facilitating a more autonomous business development environment. Cross-sector multinational corporations, SaaS service providers, and integrators may choose the smart solutions model to achieve a streamlined and expedited market entry. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We also steadfastly adhere to the developer model to address the challenges of fragmentation within the IoT industry, aiming to establish a robust foundation for the broad adoption of smart devices and the growth of the IoT ecosystem. As market penetration deepens, we expect that the developer community will become the backbone of the future IoT ecosystem.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We will continue to enhance our platform by expanding functions of existing products, developing new products, and delving into more verticals and use cases to support the growth of our business, and to invest heavily in our technological capabilities and marketing activities to maintain our strong position in the developer community.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Seasonality and macroeconomic environment</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have in the past experienced, and expect in the future to continue to experience, seasonal fluctuations in our revenue from time to time, with the fourth quarter historically being our strongest quarter for sales to new and existing customers, as a result of the holiday season and customers&#8217; buying patterns. We have experienced lower growth in revenue in the first quarter as a result the reduced output of OEM customers located in China due to the Lunar New Year holidays. We expect the historical seasonality trends to continue to impact our results of operations and financial condition. However, certain unique events may cause the historical seasonal trends and patterns to temporarily no longer apply, such as high global inflation weakening consumption sentiment and dampening enterprises&#8217; confidence in doing business, downstream inventory backlog disrupting enterprises&#8217; business and operating plans, and supply chain disruption interfering with the delivery of goods.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Revenue Mix</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our products and services primarily consist of IoT PaaS, smart device distribution, including smart solution for IoT devices, and SaaS including Industry SaaS and Cloud-based Software Value-added Services. Our results of operations are affected by our product mix, as different products have a range of different margins and profitability profiles. For example, an increase in the revenue contribution from SaaS, which typically has a higher margin than IoT PaaS or smart device distribution, generally leads to an increase in our overall profit margin. Our product mix may shift over time due to a variety of factors, including customer demands and preferences, competition, our ability to maintain and expand customer relationships, our ability to forecast market and technology trends, and our sales and marketing efforts. We continuously monitor our revenue mix and seek to increase revenue contribution from products and use cases with attractive margin profiles.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">111</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:9.2pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Effective Cost and Expense Control</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our results of operations are affected by our ability to control our costs and operating expenses. Since a significant portion of our costs relates to the modules and cloud infrastructure services from third parties, our cost control depends significantly on our ability to estimate customer demand properly in order to inform our procurement decisions. With respect of product development, we have strategically streamlined our research and development team and operations. We intend to optimize our costs and operating expenses by achieving increasing economies of scale and improved cost-efficiency as we continue to invest in R&amp;D. With respect to sales and marketing expenses, we have proactively adjusted our market spending and undergone strategic refinement of the sales and marketing team. We expect to continue to improve our sales and marketing efficiency and benefit increasingly from the network effect of our enhanced brand awareness. We also intend to optimize our administrative expenses by enhancing our level of management, strengthening efforts in controlling professional expenditure, streamlining our internal workflows, and leveraging technology to drive convenience, cost-efficiency and productivity. By well implementing a series of initiatives on efficiency improvement, we reduced our operating expenses, excluding share-based compensation expenses and credit-related impairment of long-term investments, by 30.2% to US$131.7 million in 2023 from US$188.6 million in 2022, and reduced our loss from operations by 74.7% to US$25.1 million in 2023 from US$99.2 million in 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Effect of Currency Translation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We currently derive the majority of our revenue from IoT PaaS generated primarily through our contracts with OEMs located in the PRC. Such revenue is predominantly denominated in RMB. We operate internationally with local offices in the United States, Europe, Singapore, India, Japan and Colombia, among other locations, and expect that our international activities will continue to grow over the foreseeable future as we pursue opportunities in existing and new markets. Our reporting and functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The financial statements of our subsidiaries and the VIE using functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar, such as RMB, are translated to the U.S. dollar. As a result, as RMB or other currencies in which we generate revenue depreciate or appreciate against the U.S. dollar, our revenue presented in U.S. dollars will be negatively or positively affected. See &#8220;Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk&#8212;Foreign exchange risk.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">KEY OPERATING METRICS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We manage our business using the following key operating metrics. We use these metrics to assess the progress of our business, make decisions on how to allocate capital, time and technology investments.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number of IoT PaaS Customers</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Our ability to grow the number of IoT PaaS customers is a key indicator of our business and future growth opportunities. We define an IoT PaaS customer for a given period as a customer who has directly placed at least one order for IoT PaaS with us during that period. While we serve both brands and OEMs, it is typically the OEMs, instead of brands, who directly place orders with us for IoT PaaS.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;year&#160;ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Number of IoT PaaS customers<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,527</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,108</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,966</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Note:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The decrease in the number of IoT PaaS customers from 2022 to 2023 was primarily due to the reduction in the volume of their orders under macroeconomic headwinds, as well as our enhanced focus on high-quality customers. See &#8220;Item 4.B. Business Overview&#8212;Overview&#8221; and &#8220;Item 4.B. Business Overview&#8212;Our Customers.&#8221;</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">112</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:9.2pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Number of Premium IoT PaaS Customers</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">While we continue to grow IoT PaaS customers across all sizes, over time, we focus on growing the number of our premium customers to scale our business. We define a premium IoT PaaS customer as a customer as of a given date that contributed more than US$100,000 of revenues during the immediately preceding 12-month period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;trailing&#160;12-month&#160;period&#160;ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Number of premium IoT PaaS customers<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 311</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 263</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 265</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Note:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Since the end of 2021, we have been strategically optimizing our customer base, shifting our focus to key account customers. These efforts, along with the macroeconomic headwinds, led to a decrease in the number of premium IoT PaaS customers we served from 2021 to 2022. In 2023, downstream inventory backlog alleviated, due to the gradual recovery of global economy. We also effectively implemented our customer-centric product enhancement strategy to navigate through the macroeconomic headwinds. As a result, the number of premium IoT PaaS customers increased slightly in 2023.</span></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Dollar-based Net Expansion Rate for IoT PaaS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our ability to maintain long-term revenue growth depends on our ability to increase customers&#8217; usage of our platform over time and grow revenues generated from existing customers. An important way for us to track our performance in this area is by measuring dollar-based net expansion rate for our IoT PaaS. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">To calculate the dollar-based net expansion rate for IoT PaaS for the current period, we first specify a measurement period consisting of the trailing two years from the current period end. Next, we define as our &#8220;cohort&#8221; the population of IoT PaaS customers for the first year of the measurement period (i.e., those who have placed at least one order for IoT PaaS during that year). We then calculate the dollar-based net expansion rate as the quotient obtained by dividing the IoT PaaS revenues from this cohort in the second year of the measurement period by the IoT PaaS revenues from the same cohort in the first year of such measurement period.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:14.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:14.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="17" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:82.93%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the trailing 12-month period ended</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:14.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">March&#160;31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">June&#160;30,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">September&#160;30,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">March&#160;31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">June&#160;30,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">September&#160;30,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:14.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.05%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.05%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:14.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Dollar-based net expansion rate for IoT PaaS</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">153</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">122</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">84</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">63</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">51</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">49</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">58</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">78</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">103</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The dollar-based net expansion rate for our IoT PaaS is affected by customers&#8217; purchase cycles, which could fluctuate from time to time within a year, as well as a number of other factors, including new product introductions, customer mix, promotional activities, and the variable timing and amount of customer purchases. As a result, the dollar-based net expansion rate for our IoT PaaS for the trailing 12-month period ended the last day of each quarter is an inherently volatile metric.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">113</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Maintaining a high dollar-based net expansion rate demonstrates our strong ability to continue to expand customer usage of our platform over time and grow revenue from existing customers. For the trailing 12-month period ended December 31, 2021, the dollar-based net expansion rate for IoT PaaS was 153%, demonstrating the strong value proposition provided to our customers and the thriving ecosystem with network effects of our powerful IoT development platform. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">However, the dollar-based expansion rate for IoT PaaS experienced a decline in 2022 due to significant events that had adversely affected the global economy, including (i) shipping disruptions in late 2021 that delayed product deliveries and affected holiday sales; (ii) persistent inflation that dampened consumer sentiment; and (iii) supply-demand mismatch that led to an excess of inventory for downstream enterprises. As a result, our revenue declined for the first time in 2022 despite our stable relationship with our core customers. The dollar-based net expansion rate of IoT PaaS declined from 122% as of March 31, 2022, to 84% as of June 30, 2022, then to 63% as of September 30, 2022 and further to 51% as of December 31, 2022. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">During the first half of 2023, downstream enterprises remained cautious in their purchasing decisions, primarily due to continued inventory backlog pressure in downstream supply chain. Additionally, persistent global inflation continued to impact consumer sentiment, resulting in subdued discretionary spending on consumer electronics in many regions. As a result, the dollar-based net expansion rate for IoT PaaS further declined to 49% as of March 31, 2023 and then slightly rebounded to 58% as of June 30, 2023. In the second half of 2023, with the easing of the downstream inventory backlog and the gradual recovery of the global economy, coupled with the effective customer-focus and product enhancement strategies we adopted to navigate through the macroeconomic headwinds, the dollar-based net expansion rate for IoT PaaS improved to 78% as of September 30, 2023 and further improved to 103% as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">KEY COMPONENTS OF CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Revenue</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">We generate revenue from three sources, namely (i) IoT PaaS; (ii) smart device distribution; and (iii) SaaS and others. The following table sets forth a breakdown of our revenue, in absolute amounts and as percentages of total revenue, for the years indicated.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.53%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;year&#160;ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.78%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.78%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.77%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(in&#160;thousands,&#160;except&#160;for&#160;percentages)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Revenue</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">IoT PaaS</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 261,360</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 86.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 152,914</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 73.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 167,694</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 72.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Smart device distribution</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 22,153</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 25,446</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12.2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 26,517</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 11.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">SaaS and others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 18,563</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6.2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 29,812</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 14.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 35,779</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 15.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 302,076</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 208,172</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.26%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 229,990</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.25%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">IoT PaaS</i>. We generate IoT PaaS revenue mainly from the fees charged to customers based on the number of IoT PaaS products we deploy.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Smart device distribution.</i> We generate revenue from sales to customers of finished smart devices with IoT PaaS deployed and sourced from qualified OEMs. Some of our customers, primarily brands and system integrators, who prefer not to directly deal with multiple OEMs, may purchase directly from us finished smart devices with IoT PaaS deployed that are sourced from qualified OEMs. We strategically position smart device distribution as a way to nurture long-term customer relationships and have historically operated it at a relatively moderate scale. As a result, the differences in the revenues from smart distribution services between historical periods have been primarily due to varying timing and amounts of the customers&#8217; demands and purchases. In addtion, we implemented a product enhancement strategy, under which we offer smart solutions tailored to enterprises aiming to develop their own smart devices. We provide finished smart devices that integrate more extensive and comprehensive software capabilities, which enable these customers to efficiently build their smart business product portfolios.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">SaaS and others</i>. We generate our SaaS and others revenue mainly from (i) the subscription fees charged to customers of SaaS, including Industry SaaS we offer to enterprises and Cloud-based Software Value -added Services we offer directly to end users of Tuya-powered smart devices, and (ii) the fees that we receive for other value-added services we offer to brands and OEMs, such as AI-powered virtual assistants and OEM APP, and for projects such as the deployment of the Cube and other technical developments.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">114</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Cost of Revenue</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our cost of revenue consists of the costs directly related to providing our products to our customers. These costs and expenses primarily include (i) material costs, primarily including the costs relating to the modules where the edge capabilities of IoT PaaS are embedded; (ii) third-party cloud infrastructure expenses; (iii) employee-related costs, including payroll of production support personnel; and (iv) others, including estimated warranty costs and inventory write-downs, among other things.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth a breakdown of our costs of revenue, in absolute amounts and as percentages of revenue, for the years indicated.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;year&#160;ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%&#160;of</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">revenue</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">revenue</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">revenue</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(in&#160;thousands,&#160;except&#160;for&#160;percentages)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cost of revenue</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">IoT PaaS</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 150,486</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 49.8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 89,998</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 43.2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 94,349</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 41.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Smart device distribution</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 18,849</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 22,491</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10.8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 19,744</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 8.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">SaaS and others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,874</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1.6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,260</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3.0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 9,242</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.85%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 174,209</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 57.7</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 118,749</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.87%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 57.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 123,335</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.85%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 53.6</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our cost of revenue has been and will continue to be affected by a number of factors, including economies of scale, improved efficiency achieved through effective R&amp;D, and product mix, among other things.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Gross Profit and Gross margin</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth a breakdown of our gross profit and gross margin for the years indicated.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:44.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;year&#160;ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.02%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.05%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">profit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">margin</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">profit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">margin</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">profit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.53%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">margin</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%&#160;&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:44.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(in&#160;thousands,&#160;except&#160;for&#160;percentages)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross profit and gross margin</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">IoT PaaS</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 110,874</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 42.4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 62,916</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 41.1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 73,345</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 43.7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Smart device distribution</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,304</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 14.9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,955</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 11.6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,773</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 25.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">SaaS and others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13,689</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 73.7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 23,552</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 79.0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 26,537</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 74.2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 127,867</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 42.3</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 89,423</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 43.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 106,655</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 46.4</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a number of factors, including economies of scale, improved efficiency achieved through effective R&amp;D, product mix, and the success of higher-value products and services that we provide to our customer, among others.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Research and Development Expenses</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses consist primarily of (i) employee-related costs, including salaries, benefits and bonuses, for our research and development personnel; (ii) share-based compensation; (iii) cloud infrastructure cost; (iv) rental and utilities; and (v) other expenses associated with our research and development activities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Sales and Marketing Expenses</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of (i) employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses and benefits, for our employees responsible for business development, branding and marketing; (ii) share-based compensation; (iii) marketing costs related to our developer conferences and events; and (iv) other sales and marketing expenses, including those spent on content and social media marketing.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">115</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">General and Administrative Expenses</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our general and administrative expenses consist of (i) employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses, and benefits paid to general and administrative personnel, (ii) share-based compensation, and (iii) other expenses associated with our general and administrative activities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Other Operating (Expenses)/Incomes, Net</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Other operating (expenses)/incomes, net primarily consist of software VAT tax refund and various general subsidies for enterprises.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Other Income/(Loss)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Other income/(loss) primarily consists of other non-operating incomes, net, financial income, net and foreign exchange loss, net.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">TAXATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. In table, the Cayman Islands does not impose withholding tax on dividend payments.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Hong Kong</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our subsidiaries in Hong Kong, including Tuya (HK) Limited, our wholly owned subsidiary, are subject to Hong Kong profits tax on their activities conducted in Hong Kong at a uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted from income tax on their qualified foreign-derived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends. During 2021, 2022 and 2023, no provision for Hong Kong profits tax was made as we had no estimated taxable income that was subject to the Hong Kong profits tax.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">PRC</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our subsidiaries and consolidated VIE in China are companies incorporated under PRC law and, as such, are subject to PRC enterprise income tax on their taxable income in accordance with the relevant PRC income tax laws. Pursuant to the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People&#8217;s Republic of China, or the PRC EIT Law, which was amended on December 29, 2018 and became effective on the same date and the Regulation on the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People&#8217;s Republic of China, which was amended on April 23, 2019 and became effective on the same date, a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate is generally applicable to both foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises, except where a special preferential rate applies. Tuya Information, our wholly owned PRC subsidiary, is eligible to enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15% in 2021, 2022 and 2023, to the extent it has taxable income under the EIT Law. Tuya Information qualifies as a high and new technology enterprise (the "HNTE") and was entitled to the 15% beneficial tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023. As of the date of this annual report, Tuya Information is applying for the renewal of the HNTE qualification. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity&#8217;s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">116</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are subject to VAT on the products sold and services provided. We are also subject to surcharges on VAT payments in accordance with PRC law. The PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax were promulgated by the State Council on December 13, 1993, which became effective on January 1, 1994 and were subsequently amended from time to time. The Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax (2011 Revision) were promulgated by the MOF on December 25, 1993 and subsequently amended on December 15, 2008 and October 28, 2011. On November 19, 2017, the State Council promulgated the Decisions on Abolishing the PRC Provisional Regulations on Business Tax and Amending the PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax. Pursuant to these regulations, rules and decisions, all enterprises and individuals engaged in sale of goods, provision of processing, repair, and replacement services, sales of services, intangible assets, real property, and the importation of goods within the PRC territory are VAT taxpayers. On March 20, 2019, the MOF, the SAT, and the General Administration of Customs jointly issued the Announcement on Relevant Policies on Deepening the Reform of Value-Added Tax. Pursuant to this announcement, the generally applicable VAT rates are simplified as 13%, 9%, 6%, and 0%, which became effective on April 1, 2019, and the VAT rate applicable to the small-scale taxpayers is 3%.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a Cayman Islands holding company, Tuya Inc. may receive dividends from our PRC subsidiaries through Tuya (HK) Limited. The PRC EIT Law and its implementing rules provide that dividends paid by a PRC entity to a nonresident enterprise for income tax purposes is subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 10%, and may be subject to reduction by an applicable tax treaty with China. Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion, which was signed on August 21, 2006, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise may be reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10% if the Hong Kong enterprise (i) directly holds at least 25% of the PRC enterprise, (ii) is a tax resident in Hong Kong and (iii) could be recognized as a Beneficial Owner of the dividend from a PRC tax perspective. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements, or the SAT Notice, a Hong Kong resident enterprise must meet the following conditions, among others, in order to apply the reduced withholding tax rate: (i) it must be a company; (ii) it must directly own the required percentage of equity interests and voting rights in the PRC resident enterprise; and (iii) it must have directly owned such required percentage in the PRC resident enterprise throughout the 12 months prior to receiving the dividends. In October 2019, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Announcement of the State Taxation Administration on Issuing the Measures for Non-resident Taxpayers&#8217; Enjoyment of Treaty Benefits, or the SAT Circular 35, which became effective on January 1, 2020. SAT Circular 35 provides that nonresident enterprises are not required to obtain pre-approval from the relevant tax authority in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax. Instead, nonresident enterprises and their withholding agents may, by self-assessment and on confirmation that the prescribed criteria to enjoy the tax treaty benefits are met, directly apply the reduced withholding tax rate, and file necessary forms and supporting documents when performing tax filings, which will be subject to post-tax filing examinations by the relevant tax authorities. Accordingly, Tuya (HK) Limited may be able to benefit from the 5% withholding tax rate for the dividends it receives from its PRC subsidiaries, if it satisfies the conditions prescribed under the SAT Notice and other relevant tax rules and regulations. However, according to the SAT Notice and SAT Circular 35, if the relevant tax authorities consider the transactions or arrangements we have to be for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If our holding company in the Cayman Islands or any of our subsidiaries outside China were deemed to be a &#8220;resident enterprise&#8221; under the PRC EIT Law, it would be subject to enterprise income tax on its worldwide income at a rate of 25%. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, our PRC subsidiaries are also required to withhold a 10% (or 7% if paid to a Hong Kong resident who qualifies for the benefits of the tax treaty between China and Hong Kong) tax on interest paid under any cross-border shareholder loan. Prior to the payment of any interest and principal on any such shareholder loan, our PRC subsidiaries must present evidence of registration with SAFE regarding any such shareholder loan and may be required to provide evidence of payment of withholding tax on the interest payable on that shareholder loan.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">117</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2022</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Revenue</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our revenue increased by 10.5% from US$208.2 million in 2022 to US$230.0 million in 2023, primarily due to the increase in IoT PaaS, SaaS and others revenues as well as smart device distribution revenue.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">IoT PaaS.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> Our revenue generated from IoT PaaS increased by 9.7% from US$152.9 million for 2022 to US$167.7 million for 2023. This recovered year-over-year growth was due to the relief of downstream inventory backlog and improved global economic conditions compared with 2022, along with the effective customer-focus and product-enhancement strategies we adopted to navigate through the macroeconomic headwinds. As a result of these factors, our DBNER for IoT PaaS for the trailing 12 months ended December 31, 2023 increased to 103% from 51% for the trailing 12 months ended December 31, 2022. </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Smart device distribution.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> Our revenue generated from smart device distribution increased by 4.2% from US$25.4 million for 2022 to US$26.5 million for 2023, primarily due to the increase in revenue from smart device solutions, partially offset by the decrease in revenue from smart device sourcing which saves our customers from dealing with multiple OEMs, and the variations in the timing and volume of customer demands and purchases.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">SaaS and others.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> Our revenue generated from SaaS and others increased by 20.0% from US$29.8 for 2022 to US$35.8 million for 2023, primarily due to an increase in revenue from cloud software products. We remain committed to offering value-added services and a diverse range of software products with compelling value propositions for our customers.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Cost of revenue</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our cost of revenue increased by 3.9% from US$118.7 million for 2022 to US$123.3 million for 2023, in line with the increase in our revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Gross profit and gross margin</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit increased by 19.3% from US$89.4 million for 2022 to US$106.7 million for 2023. Our gross margin increased from 43.0% for 2022 to 46.4% for 2023.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">IoT PaaS.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> The gross profit of IoT PaaS increased by 16.6% from US$62.9 million for 2022 to US$73.3 million for 2023. The gross margin of IoT PaaS increased from 41.1% for 2022 to 43.7% for 2023, primarily due to the changes in product mix, enhancement in product value, and the decrease in provision recorded for certain slow-moving IoT chips and raw materials compared with 2022.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Smart device distribution.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> The gross profit of smart device distribution increased by 129.2% from US$3.0 million for 2022 to US$6.8 million for 2023. The gross margin of smart device distribution increased from 11.6% for 2022 to 25.5% for 2023, mainly due to higher-value product solutions we provided to our customers during the year.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">SaaS and others.</b><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> The gross profit of SaaS and others increased by 12.7% from US$23.6 million for 2022 to US$26.5 million for 2023. The gross margin of SaaS and others decreased from 79.0% for 2022 to 74.2% for 2023, fluctuating due to changes in the mix of products and services.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">118</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our research and development expenses decreased by 29.4% from US$144.9 million for 2022 to US$102.3 million for 2023. The decreased was mainly attributable to a decrease of US$39.5 million in employee-related costs resulting from our strategic streamlining of the research and development team. This initiative was aimed at driving operational efficiency and shifting focus towards strategies that better balance business growth and profitability timelines. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, we had 1,313 and 1,047 salaried research and development employees, respectively. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Sales and marketing expenses</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our sales and marketing expenses decreased by 27.3% from US$55.7 million for 2022 to US$40.4 million for 2023. The decrease was mainly attributable to a decrease of US$10.0 million in employee-related costs, resulting from our strategic streamlining of the sales and marketing team, and a decrease of US$0.5 million in marketing spending as part of our efforts to control expenditures and improve our sales and marketing efficiency. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, we had 384 sales and 310 salaried marketing employees, respectively. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our general and administrative expenses increased by 19.5% from US$67.5 million for 2022 to US$80.7 million for 2023, primarily because of the credit loss of US$15.5 million of long-term investments (nil in 2022), partially offset by the decrease in salary related expenses due to the Group&#8217;s strategic streamlining of its general and administrative team. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, we had 135 and 105 salaried general and administrative employees, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Other operating incomes, net</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our other operating incomes, net, increased by 3.7% from US$10.5 million for 2022 to US$10.9 million for 2023, which was mainly attributable to the receipts of software VAT refund and various general subsidies for enterprises.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Other income</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We generated other income of US$23.9 million and US$48.8 million, respectively, for 2022 and 2023. The increase in other income was mainly due to (i) an increase in financial income, net, of US$26.4 million, primarily arising from time deposits recorded as short-term and long-term investments and (ii) a decrease of US$1.8 million of net foreign exchange gain due to the fluctuation in foreign exchange rates in 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Income tax expenses</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our income tax expense increased from US$1.9 million for 2022 to US$3.2 million for 2023, primarily attributable to an increase in taxable profits of certain of our subsidiaries. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Net loss for the year</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a result of the foregoing, we recorded net loss of US$146.2 million for 2022 and net loss of US$60.3 million for 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2021</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For a detailed description of the comparison of our operating results for the year ended December 31, 2022 to the year ended December 31, 2021, see &#8220;Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects&#8212;5.A. Operating Results&#8212;Discussion of Results of Operations&#8212;Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2021&#8221; beginning on page 112 of our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on April 26, 2023 (File No. 001-40210).</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">119</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In evaluating the business, we consider and use non-GAAP measures, such as non-GAAP operating expenses, non-GAAP loss from operations (including non-GAAP operating margin), non-GAAP net (loss)/profit (including non-GAAP net margin), and non-GAAP basic and diluted net (loss)/profit per ADS, as supplemental measures to review and assess ouroperating performance. The presentation of non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for U.S. GAAP measures. We define non-GAAP measures by excluding the impact of share-based compensation expenses and credit-related impairment of long-term investments from the respective GAAP measures. We present the non-GAAP financial measures because they are used by the management to evaluate its operating performance and formulate business plans. We also believe that the use of the non-GAAP measures facilitates investors&#8217; assessment of its operating performance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Non-GAAP financial measures are not defined under U.S. GAAP and are not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools. One of the key limitations of using the aforementioned non-GAAP financial measures is that they do not reflect all items of expenses that affect our operations. Share-based compensation expenses and credit-related impairment of long-term investments have been and may continue to be incurred in the business and are not reflected in the presentation of non-GAAP financial measures. Further, the non-GAAP financial measures may differ from the non-GAAP information used by other companies, including peer companies, and therefore their comparability may be limited. We compensate for these limitations by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to the nearest U.S. GAAP performance measures, all of which should be considered when evaluating our performance. We encourage you to review our financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Non-GAAP adjusted loss for the year represents net loss for the year excluding share-based compensation expenses and credit-related impairment of long-term investments. The table below sets forth a reconciliation of our net loss for the year to non-GAAP adjusted loss for the year for the years indicated. Share-based compensation expenses relate to the share-based awards that we grant to employees and directors. We exclude share-based compensation expenses and credit-related impairment of long-term investments. The credit-related impairment of long-term investments arose from our equity investments in private companies, for which we have recognized as credt losses on a prudent basis. Our management believes that these exclusions facilitate the ability of investors to compare our operating results with those of other companies in the industry in which we operate, many of which also exclude share-based compensation expenses and credit-related impairment of long-term investments in determining their non-GAAP financial measures.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;year&#160;ended December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.45%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="7" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US$ in&#160;thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Net loss for the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (175,424)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (146,175)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (60,315)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Adjustment:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Share-based compensation expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 66,089</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 69,019</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 65,216</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Credit-related impairment of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.45%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 15,537</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Non-GAAP adjusted (loss)/profit for the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (109,335)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (77,156)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.45%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 20,438</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We recorded non-GAAP adjusted loss of US$109.3 million and US$77.2 million in 2021 and 2022. In 2023, we, for the first time since our inception, recorded an adjusted profit of US$20.4 million on a non-GAAP basis. We have been more focused enhancing our IoT cloud development platform and products to provide a higher value propsition, growing our customer base with key accounts, fostering our developer community, and prioritizing our business and operating efficiency, in order to lay a solid foundation for our long-term growth.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">120</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:9.2pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">5.B.</b></span>Liquidity and Capital Resources</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">CASH FLOWS AND WORKING CAPITAL</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our principal sources of liquidity have been cash generated from private sales and public offerings of equity securities, as well as cash from our business operations. As of December 31, 2023, we had US$789.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. Of our cash and cash equivalents, US$64.6 million were held by our subsidiaries in the PRC; US$408.6 million, mainly denominated in U.S. dollars, were held by our subsidiaries in Hong Kong; and US$25.5 million, mainly denominated in U.S. dollars, EUR, and Japanese Yen, were held by Tuya Inc. and our other overseas subsidiaries. Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments primarily include cash in bank, time deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions, structured deposits and wealth management products issued by banks. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, balance of short-term investments and anticipated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs, including cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures, for at least the next 12 months.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We intend to finance our future working capital requirements and capital expenditures with anticipated cash generated from operating activities and funds raised from financing activities. However, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth, scale our infrastructure, develop product enhancements and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risk Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;We may require additional capital to support our business and response to business opportunities, and this capital might not be available on favorable terms, if at all.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Historically, we have not been profitable on a GAAP basis, and, before 2023, we have not generated positive operating cash flows. We incurred a net loss of US$146.2 million and US$60.3 million in 2022 and 2023, respectively. We had net cash used in operating activities of US$70.7 million in 2022, and we had net cash generated from operation activities of US$36.4 million in 2023. If we are unable to achieve and sustain profitability, or if we fail to maintain our net cash operating inflows and continue to experience net cash operating outflows in the future, our business, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry&#8212;We have a history of net loss and net cash operating outflow and may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table presents our consolidated cash flow data for the years presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;year&#160;ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28.08%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="7" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US$ in&#160;thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (126,103)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (70,654)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 36,443</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (112,957)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (714,225)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 332,455</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Net cash generated from/(used in) financing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,041,802</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (38,582)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,223)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,879</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (7,954)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,148)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 805,621</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (831,415)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 366,527</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup> at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 158,955</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 964,576</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 133,161</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup> at the end of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 964,576</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 133,161</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 498,688</span></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Note:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Restricted cash represents cash that cannot be withdrawn without the permission of third parties. Our restricted cash is substantially cash balance on deposit required by our business partners and commercial banks. The restricted cash balance for the year ended December 31, 2021 related to deposits for foreign currency forward contracts, which were subsequently released from the restriction in January 2022. The restricted cash balance for the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023 was nil.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Net Cash Generated from/(Used in) Operating Activities </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Net cash generated from operating activities was US$36.4 million in 2023. The difference between our net loss of US$60.3 million and the net cash generated from operating activities was mainly due to (i) share-based compensation of US$65.2 million and (ii) an increase in credit loss of US$15.5 million of long-term investments.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">121</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Net cash used in operating activities was US$70.7 million in 2022. The difference between our net loss of US$146.2 million and the net cash used in operating activities was mainly due to (i) share-based compensation of US$69.0 million, (ii) a decrease in accounts receivable of US$20.2 million, and (iii) a decrease in inventories of US$13.1 million, caused by utilizing our previously stocked materials, partially offset by a decrease in accruals and other payables of US$24.3 million, due to our improved working capital and inventory management. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Net cash used in operating activities was US$126.1 million in 2021. The difference between our net loss of US$175.4 million and the net cash used in operating activities was mainly due to (i) share-based compensation of US$66.1 million, (ii) an increase in accruals and other payables of US$19.1 million, largely driven by our overall business growth, (iii) amortization of right-of-use assets of US$7.0 million, and (iv) an increase in deferred revenue of US$5.9 million, driven by the rapid growth in our loT PaaS and Industry SaaS as well as the increased number of loT PaaS customers enrolled in our membership programs, partially offset by (i) an increase in inventories of US$22.1 million, and (ii) an increase in accounts receivable of US$23.4 million, both of which are largely driven by our business and customer base expansion in 2021.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Net Cash Generated from /(Used In) Investing Activities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash generated from investing activities was US$332.5 million in 2023, which was primarily attributable to (i) proceeds from disposal of short-term investments of US$853.7 million, and partially offset by (ii) payment for short-term investments of US$327.2 million and (iii) payment for long-term investments of US$193.0 million. Our short-term investments mainly include time deposits and wealth management products offered by banks or other financial institutions in the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash used in investing activities was US$714.2 million in 2022, which was primarily attributable to (i) payment for short-term investments of US$1,257.7 million, and (ii) payment for long-term investments of US$1.6 million, partially offset by proceeds from disposal of short-term investments of US$543.8 million. Our short-term investments mainly include time deposits and wealth management products offered by banks or other financial institutions in the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash used in investing activities was US$113.0 million in 2021, which was primarily attributable to (i) payment for short-term investments of US$468.7 million, and (ii) payment for long-term investments of US$21.3 million, (iii) purchase of property, equipment and software of US$6.2 million and (iv) provision of bridge loans of US$2.9 million, partially offset by proceeds from disposal of short-term investments of US$385.5 million. Our short-term investments mainly include time deposits and wealth management products offered by banks or other financial institutions in the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net Cash (Used in)/Generated from Financing Activities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash used in financing activities in 2023 was US$2.2 million, which was due to payment for repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares of US$3.3 million, partially offset by proceeds from exercise of share options of US$1.2 million.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash used in financing activities in 2022 was US$38.6 million, which was due to payment for repurchase of ordinary shares of US$48.7 million, partially offset by (i) net proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Hong Kong Listing of US$9.1 million, and (ii) proceeds from exercise of share options of US$1.0 million.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash generated from financing activities in 2021 was US$1,041.8 million, which was due to (i) net proceeds from our initial public offering on the NYSE completed in March 2021 and related over-allotment option of US$904.7 million, (ii) proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to our initial public offering on the NYSE of US$200.0 million, and (iii) proceeds from exercise of share options of US$1.1 million, partially offset by payment for repurchase of ordinary shares of US$64.0 million.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">MATERIAL CASH REQUIREMENTS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our material cash requirements as of December 31, 2023 and any subsequent interim period include primarily our working capital and operating expenditure needs, capital expenditures, services purchase commitments and operating lease commitments. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Other than the capital expenditures, services purchase commitments and operating lease commitments, as discussed below, we did not have any significant capital and other commitments, long-term obligations or guarantees as of December 31, 2023. We did not have future minimum capital commitments as of December 31, 2023.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">122</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:9.2pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Capital Expenditures</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our capital expenditures are incurred primarily in connection with purchase of property, equipment and software. Our capital expenditures were US$6.2 million, US$0.7 million and US$1.5 million in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. We intend to fund our future capital expenditures with our existing cash balance and proceeds from our public offering of equity securities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Services Purchase Commitments</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, our services purchase commitments were as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Less&#160;Than&#160;1&#160;year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">1-3&#160;years</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.8%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">3-5&#160;years</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="9" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US$ in&#160;thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Purchase obligations<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 15,667</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,042</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10,625</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Note: Purchase obligations represent US$15,667 thousand of remaining non-cancellable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2023, related to one of our third-party cloud infrastructure agreements, under which we committed to spend an aggregate of at least US$37,500 thousand between June 1, 2021 and May 31, 2026 with minimum purchase commitment. We had made payments of US$27,023 thousand in total under this agreement as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Operating lease commitments</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We had outstanding commitments on several non-cancellable operating lease agreements. Operating lease commitment within one year or less lease term as of December 31, 2023 was US$19 thousand. We have elected not to recognize these operating lease commitment any lease liability or right-of-use asset, therefore they are not yet reflected in the consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">HOLDING COMPANY STRUCTURE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya Inc. is a holding company with no material operations of its own. We conduct our operations mainly through our PRC and other overseas subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by our subsidiaries. If our subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, our subsidiaries in China are permitted to pay dividends to us only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprise as promulgated by the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, or PRC GAAP. Pursuant to the law applicable to China&#8217;s foreign-invested enterprises, our subsidiaries that are foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC have to make appropriation from their after-tax profit, as determined under PRC GAAP, to reserve funds including (i) the general reserve fund, (ii) the enterprise expansion fund and (iii) the staff bonus and welfare fund. The appropriation to the general reserve fund must be at least 10% of the after-tax profits calculated in accordance with PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the reserve fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of our subsidiary. Appropriation to the other two reserve funds are at our subsidiary&#8217;s discretion. In accordance with the Company Law, the VIE in China must make appropriations from its after-tax profit to non-distributable reserve funds, including (i) the statutory surplus fund and (ii) the discretionary surplus fund. The appropriation to the statutory surplus fund must be at least 10% of the after-tax profits calculated in accordance with PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the statutory surplus fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the VIE. Appropriation to discretionary surplus fund is made at the discretion of the VIE.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiaries through capital contributions or loans, subject to the approval of government authorities and limits on the amount of capital contributions and loans. In addition, our subsidiaries in China may provide RMB funding to the VIE only through entrusted loans.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">5.C.</b></span>Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our IoT cloud development platform and proprietary cutting-edge IoT technologies have been primarily developed in-house. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;4.B. Business Overview&#8212;Research &amp; Development.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">123</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">5.D.</b></span>Trend Information</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year ended December 31, 2023 that are reasonably likely to have a material and adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future results of operations or financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">5.E.</b></span>Critical Accounting Estimate</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our estimates are based on historical experience and various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Given that changes in circumstances, facts and experience may cause us to revise our estimates, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Our critical accounting estimates are described below.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Lower of cost or net realizable value provision for inventories</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Inventories comprised finished goods, work in process, raw materials and low value consumables and spare parts. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. In determining excess or obsolescence reserves for inventories, we consider assumptions such as aging profile, historical consumption projection, estimated future selling prices and selling expenses of the respective inventories. If in any period we anticipate a change in assumptions such as future demand or market conditions to be less favorable than our previous estimates, additional inventory write-downs may be required and would be reflected in cost of sales, resulting in a negative impact to our gross margin in that period. If in any period we are able to sell inventories that had been written down to a level below the ultimate realized selling price in a previous period, related revenue would be recorded with a lower or no offsetting charge to cost of sales resulting in a net benefit to our gross margin in that period.</p><a id="_f83d4b2f_3cca_4e32_b090_9a5269fcde19"></a><a id="ITEM6DIRECTORSSENIORMANAGEMENTANDEMPLOYE"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 6.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">6.A.</b></span>Directors and Senior Management</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth the name, age and position of each of our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Directors and Executive Officers</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Age</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Position/Title</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Xueji (Jerry) Wang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">41</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Co-chairman, Founder, Chief Executive Officer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Liaohan (Leo) Chen</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">41</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Co-chairman, Founder, President</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yi (Alex) Yang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">42</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Director, Co-founder, Chief Operation Officer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yao (Jessie) Liu</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">48</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Director, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Sidney Xuande Huang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">58</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Independent Non-executive Director</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Changheng Qiu</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">48</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Independent Non-executive Director</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Meng Xiong Kuok (alias GUO Mengxiong) </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">42</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Independent Non-executive Director</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Pak Tung Jason Yip</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">41</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Independent Non-executive Director</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">124</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Xueji (Jerry) Wang</i>&#160;founded Tuya in 2014 and currently serves as the co-chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer. Mr. Wang is responsible for the overall strategies, management, corporate culture, and commercial suitability and sustainability of products of Tuya. Mr. Wang has over nine years of experience in IoT industry and about 20 years of experience focusing on software technology, including over 13 years of experience in elastic cloud computing technologies. Prior to founding Tuya, Mr. Wang founded PHPWind, one of the most popular open source forums software in China, in 2003. In 2006, Mr. Wang established Hangzhou Detian Information Technology Co., Ltd. to officially commercialize PHPWind business from 2006 to May 2008. In May 2008, PHPWind was acquired by Hangzhou Ali Technology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary or consolidated affiliated entity of Alibaba Group Holdings Limited (a company listed on the NYSE, symbol: BABA, and secondarily listed on the Stock Exchange, stock code: 9988) (together with its subsidiaries and its consolidated affiliated entities, &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Alibaba Group</b>&#8221;). From May 2008 to February 2014, Mr. Wang worked at Alibaba Group, where he served as a senior director and he was responsible for leading and launching a number of major technology and product innovations for Alibaba Cloud and Alipay, including Alibaba&#8217;s Quick Reference code (&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">QR Code</b>&#8221;) payment system. Mr. Wang received a bachelor&#8217;s degree in information and technology science from Zhejiang Sci-Tech University in the PRC in June 2005. Mr. Wang was recognized by Forbes as a member of China&#8217;s Thirty Entrepreneurs under 30 in February 2012, and was named by Fortune China as one of China&#8217;s Forty Business Elites under 40 in April 2021.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Liaohan (Leo) Chen</i>&#160;co- founded Tuya in 2014 and currently serves as the co-chairman of our board of directors and our president. Mr. Chen is responsible for the overall strategies, management, business development and overall customer relationship of Tuya. Prior to co-founding Tuya, Mr. Chen co-founded PHPWind. Mr. Chen served as the management at Hangzhou Detian Information Technology Co., Ltd. from 2006 to May 2008. Mr. Chen served as an operations director at Alibaba Group, where he worked on Alibaba Cloud and Alibaba&#8217;s O2O business, leading the application of technology and business operation, from May 2008 to May 2014. Mr. Chen received a bachelor&#8217;s degree in information and computing science from Zhejiang Sci-Tech University in the PRC in June 2005, and received a master&#8217;s degree in computer applied technology from Zhejiang Sci-Tech University in the PRC in July 2010.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Yi (Alex) Yang</i>&#160;co-founded Tuya in 2014 and currently serves a director and our chief operation officer. Mr. Yang is responsible for human resources, government relations and daily operations of Tuya. Prior to co-founding Tuya, Mr. Yang worked as a business development senior expert at Alibaba Group from April 2011 to May 2015, where he was responsible for developing business opportunities for multiple projects, including mobile payment at Alibaba&#8217;s O2O business and Alibaba Cloud. Mr. Yang received a bachelor&#8217;s degree in international business and economics from Guangdong University of Foreign Studies in the PRC in July 2004.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Yao (Jessie) Liu</i>&#160;has served as our senior vice president and chief financial officer since May 2019 and has served as our director since March 2021. Ms. Liu is responsible for capital market, investment, finance, legal and internal controls, strategy analysis and planning of Tuya. Prior to joining Tuya, Ms. Liu worked at Deutsche Bank Group from July 2007 to December 2009, where her last position was associate in the global banking division. Ms. Liu worked at UBS AG from December 2009 to May 2014, where her last position was executive director in the investment bank division. Prior to May 2016, Ms. Liu worked at Red Capital Group Limited. From May 2016 to July 2018, Ms. Liu was the founding partner of RJ Capital Group. Ms. Liu had been an independent non-executive director at Zhengzhou Coal Mining Machinery Group Co., Ltd. (a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, stock code: 564; a company listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange, stock code: 601717) from June 2014 to June 2020. Ms. Liu received a bachelor&#8217;s degree in materials chemistry from Xiamen University in the PRC in July 1996, and a master&#8217;s degree in business administration from the University of Pennsylvania in the United States in May 2007.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">125</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Sidney Xuande Huang</i> has served as our director since July 2022. Mr. Huang is responsible for providing independent professional opinion and judgment to our board of directors. Mr. Huang has over 19 years of experience in the technology and internet industry. He is currently a senior advisor of JD.com, Inc. (a company listed on the Nasdaq, symbol: JD, and secondarily listed on the Stock Exchange, stock code: 9618) and was its chief financial officer from September 2013 until his retirement in September 2020, including the last three months as an executive coach to his successor. He has been an independent non-executive director of Kuaishou Technology (a company listed on the Stock Exchange, stock code: 1024) since February 2021 and an independent director of Yatsen Holding Limited (a company listed on the NYSE, symbol: YSG) since November 2020. Prior to joining JD.com, Inc. in September 2013, Mr. Huang had served multiple top management roles for VanceInfo Technologies Inc., including its co-president, chief operating officer and chief financial officer as well as the chief financial officer of its successor company, Pactera Technology International Ltd., after the merger. He was an investment banker at Citigroup Global Markets Inc. in New York from August 2002 to July 2004. He held various positions, including audit manager at KPMG LLP from January 1997 to August 2000 and qualified as a Certified Public Accountant in the State of New York in October 1999. Mr. Huang is currently a Foundation Fellow at St Anthony&#8217;s College of the University of Oxford where he was an Academic Visitor focusing on geo-economics from October 2021 to September 2022. He received an MBA degree from the J.L. Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University in the United States in June 2002 and a bachelor&#8217;s degree in accounting from Bernard M. Baruch College of The City University of New York in the United States in February 1997.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Changheng Qiu</i> has served as our director since July 2022. Mr. Qiu is responsible for providing independent professional opinion and judgment to our board of directors. Mr. Qiu is a founder of Kunteng (Hainan) Equity Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd. since July 2017. Prior to that, he served at Taobao (China) Software Co., Ltd. from December 2004 to May 2016, where his last position was vice president. Mr. Qiu received a bachelor&#8217;s degree in physics from Zhejiang University in the PRC in June 1997 and a MBA degree from Peking University in the PRC in June 2004. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Meng Xiong Kuok (alias GUO Mengxiong)</i> has served as our director since July 2022. Mr. Kuok is responsible for providing independent professional opinion and judgment to our board of directors. Mr. Kuok has been the Chief Executive Officer of K3 Venture Partners Pte. Ltd. since January 2020. He worked as Vice President (Projects) at Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd from October 2012 to February 2017. Mr. Kuok has been an independent non-executive director of TVS Motor Company Limited (a company listed on the National Stock Exchange of India Ltd., symbol: TVSMOTOR) since March 2021. Mr. Kuok received his bachelor&#8217;s degree in science from Cornell University in the United States in January 2007. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Pak Tung Jason Yip</i> has served as our director since July 2022. Mr. Yip is responsible for providing independent professional opinion and judgment to our board of directors. Mr. Yip worked in the audit division of PricewaterhouseCoopers in Canada from May 2003 to May 2007. He was a manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers in Hong Kong from June 2007 to June 2010. Mr. Yip worked in Alibaba Group Holding Limited (a company listed on the NYSE, symbol: BABA, and secondarily listed on the Stock Exchange, stock code: 9988) from June 2010 to May 2022, where he served as a senior director of finance, primarily responsible for the group&#8217;s financial reporting and technical accounting and share-based compensation administration and management. Mr. Yip received a bachelor&#8217;s degree of commerce from the University of British Columbia in Canada in May 2005. Mr. Yip qualified as a Chartered Accountant in Canada in January 2007 and has been a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants since September 2016.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">6.B.</b></span>Compensation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the aggregate cash compensation paid or payable to our directors and executive officers was approximately US$1.3 million. We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our directors and executive officers, except to the extent required by applicable laws and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries and the VIE are required by law to make contributions equal to certain percentages of each employee&#8217;s salary for his or her pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other statutory benefits and a housing provident fund.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">126</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Under these agreements, each of our executive officers is employed for a specified time period. We may terminate employment for cause, at any time, without advance notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or any crime involving moral turpitude, negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure to perform agreed duties. We may also terminate an executive officer&#8217;s employment without cause upon three-month advance written notice. In such case of termination by us, we will provide severance payments to the executive officer as may be agreed between the executive officer and us. The executive officer may resign at any time with a three-month advance written notice.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the termination or expiry of his or her employment agreement, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in the performance of his or her duties in connection with the employment or pursuant to applicable law, any of our confidential information or trade secrets, any confidential information or trade secrets of our customers or prospective customers, or the confidential or proprietary information of any third party received by us and for which we have confidential obligations. The executive officers have also agreed to disclose in confidence to us all inventions, designs and trade secrets which they conceive, develop or reduce to practice during the executive officer&#8217;s employment with us and to assign all right, title and interest in them to us, and assist us in obtaining and enforcing patents, copyrights and other legal rights for these inventions, designs and trade secrets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, each executive officer has agreed to be bound by&#160;non-competition&#160;and&#160;non-solicitation&#160;restrictions during the term of his or her employment and typically for one year following the last date of employment. Specifically, each executive officer has agreed not to (i)&#160;approach our suppliers, clients, direct or end customers or contacts or other persons or entities introduced to the executive officer in his or her capacity as a representative of us for the purpose of doing business with such persons or entities that will harm our business relationships with these persons or entities; (ii)&#160;assume employment with or provide services to any of our competitors, or engage, whether as principal, partner, licensor or otherwise, any of our competitors, without our express consent; (iii)&#160;seek directly or indirectly, to solicit the employment or services of, or hire or engage, any person who is known to be employed or engaged by us; or (iv)&#160;otherwise interfere with our business or accounts.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have also entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, we agree to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being a director or officer of our company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Share Incentive Plan</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">2015 Equity Incentive Plan</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We adopted an employee equity incentive plan, or the 2015 Plan, on December 23, 2014, which was amended in July 2020, February 2021 and June 2022. The purpose of the 2015 Plan is to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentives to selected employees, directors, and consultants and to promote the success of our business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following paragraphs summarize the terms of the 2015 Plan.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Types of Awards</span><i style="font-style:italic;">.</i> The 2015 Plan permits the awards of options, restricted shares and restricted share units as the plan administrator may determine.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Maximum Number of Class A Ordinary Shares</span>. The overall limit on the number of the Class A ordinary shares underlying the awards pursuant to the 2015 Plan is 64,889,052, of which the total number of Class A ordinary shares which may be issued and/or transferred upon vesting or exercise of all options that may be granted pursuant to the 2015 Plan and any other share award schemes of our company in aggregate shall not exceed 10% of the total number of Class A ordinary shares in issue immediately upon the Hong Kong Listing, or the Plan Limit, being 49,914,656 Class A ordinary shares. Any equity awards in the form of options that were granted prior to the Hong Kong Listing under the 2015 Plan (including those outstanding, cancelled, lapsed in accordance with the 2015 Plan or exercised options) will not be counted for the purpose of the Plan Limit. The total number of Class A ordinary shares to be issued upon exercise of all outstanding options under the 2015 Plan and all other schemes of our company granted and yet to be exercised shall not exceed 30% of all the Class A ordinary shares in issue from time to time.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">127</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Plan Administration</span>. The 2015 Plan shall be administrated by our board of directors or any committee designated by our board of directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Eligibility</span>. Any employee, director or consultant of our company who is engaged by us to render consulting or advisory services to us shall be eligible to participate in the 2015 Plan.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Award Agreement</span>. Each grant of an award under the 2015 Plan shall be evidenced by an award agreement between the participant and our company. Each award shall be subject to all applicable terms and conditions of the 2015 Plan and may be subject to any other terms and conditions that are not inconsistent with the 2015 Plan and that the plan administrator deems appropriate for inclusion in an award agreement. The provisions of the various award agreements entered into under the 2015 Plan need not be identical.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Terms and Conditions of Award</span>. The award agreement shall set forth the provisions, terms, and conditions of each award including, but not limited to, the types of awards, award vesting schedule, number of awards to be granted and the number of shares to be covered by the awards, exercise price, any restrictions or limitations on the award and term of each award.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Exercise Price</span>. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for each award, which shall not be lower than the fair market value per share on the date of grant, which shall not be less than the highest of (i) the closing sales price of the Class A ordinary shares as quoted on the principal exchange or system on which the Class A ordinary shares are listed (as determined by plan administrator) on the date of grant, (ii) the average closing sales price as quoted on the principal exchange or system on which the Class A ordinary shares are listed for the five business days immediately preceding the date of grant. The maximum exercisable term is 10 years from the date of grant. In the case of an option granted to a participant who, immediately prior to the grant, owns more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of outstanding securities of our company or parent company or subsidiary of our company, the term of option shall not be exercisable after the expiration of five years from the date of grant. There is no additional amount payable on application or acceptance of the share option.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Vesting Schedule</span>. In general, the plan administrator determines the vesting schedule, which is specified in the relevant award agreement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Maximum Entitlement of a Grantee</span>. Unless approved by the shareholders in a general meeting, the total number of Class A ordinary shares issued and to be issued and/or transferred and to be transferred upon the vesting or exercise of the options granted to each participant in any 12-month period shall not (when aggregated with any Class A ordinary shares underlying the awards granted during such period under any other share award schemes of our company) exceed 1% of the Class A ordinary shares in issue for the time being.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Amendment, Suspension or Termination of the 2015 Plan</span>. Unless terminated earlier, the 2015 Plan has a term of 10 years. With the approval of the board of directors of any plan amendment to the extent necessary or desirable to comply with applicable law, the plan administrator may at any time amend, alter, suspend, or terminate the 2015 Plan; no amendment, alteration, suspension, or termination of the 2015 Plan shall materially and adversely affect any award previously granted pursuant to the 2015 Plan unless mutually agreed between the participant and the administrator, which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As of April 10, 2024, (i) options to purchase a total of 51,372,755 ordinary shares were outstanding under the 2015 Plan, and 42,399,005 of such options had vested and become exercisable; and (ii) restricted share units to receive a total of 7,679,000 ordinary shares were outstanding under the 2015 Plan. As of the same date, 56,571,052 Class A ordinary shares are available for issue and/or transfer upon vesting or exercise of awards that may be granted under the 2015 Plan. </p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">128</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:9.2pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table summarizes, as of April 10, 2024, the number of ordinary shares underlying outstanding options or restricted share units that we granted to each of our directors and executive officers and to other individuals as a group.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td 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style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary&#160;Shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Underlying</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Outstanding</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Options /</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Restricted Share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exercise&#160;Price&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Units</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US$/Share)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date of Grant</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date of Expiration</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Xueji (Jerry) Wang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">February 21, 2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">February 20, 2031</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Liaohan (Leo) Chen</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yi (Alex) Yang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,500,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">from August 6, 2015 to January 5, 2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">from August 5, 2025 to January 4, 2031</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yao (Jessie) Liu</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">from May 15, 2019 to September 16, 2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">from May 14, 2029 to September 15, 2031</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Sidney Xuande Huang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">*<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">July 5, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">July 4, 2029</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Changheng Qiu</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Meng Xiong Kuok (alias GUO Mengxiong) </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Pak Tung Jason Yip</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Other grantees</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 34,772,755</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">0.04135 to 0.79</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">from March 5, 2015 to May 6, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">from March 4, 2025 to May 5, 2032</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">7,379,000 <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">from June 16, 2021 to April 9, 2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">from June 15, 2028 to April 8, 2034</p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8.0pt;margin-bottom:2.5pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">*</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">Less than 1% of our total outstanding shares.</p></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(1)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">Restricted share units.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">6.C.</b></span><b style="font-weight:bold;">Board </b><b style="font-weight:bold;">Practices</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Board of Directors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our board of directors consists of eight directors, including four independent directors within the meaning of Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, namely Sidney Xuande Huang, Changheng Qiu, Meng Xiong Kuok and Pak Tung Jason Yip. Each of Xueji (Jerry) Wang and Liaohan (Leo) Chen serves as the co-chairman of our board of directors. A director is not required to hold any shares in our company to qualify to serve as a director. </p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">129</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">A director who to his or her knowledge is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or proposed contract with our company is required to declare the nature of his or her interest at a meeting of our directors. A general notice given to the directors by any director to the effect that he or she is to be regarded as interested in any contract or transaction shall be deemed a sufficient declaration of interest for the purposes of voting on a resolution in respect to a contract or transaction in which he/she has an interest, and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction. Subject to any separate requirement for audit committee approval under applicable law, the Corporate Governance Rules of the NYSE, or the Hong Kong Listing Rules, a director may vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract or arrangement in which he or she is interested and may be counted in the quorum at such meeting, provided that (i) such director, if his or her interest in such contract or arrangement is material, has declared the nature of his or her interest at the earliest meeting of the board at which it is practicable for him or her to do so, either specifically or by way of a general notice and (ii) if such contract or arrangement is a transaction with a related party, such transaction has been approved by the audit committee. Unless permitted under the Hong Kong Listing Rules, a director shall not be entitled to vote on (nor shall the director be counted in the quorum in relation to) any resolution of the directors in respect of any contract or arrangement or any other proposal whatsoever in which he or any of his close associates (or, if required by the Hong Kong Listing Rules, his other associates) has any material interest, and if he shall do so his vote shall not be counted (nor is he to be counted in the quorum for the resolution).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our board of directors may exercise all of the powers of our company to borrow money, to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, or any part thereof, and to issue debentures, debenture stock or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of our company or of any third party. None of our directors has a service contract with us that provides for benefits upon termination of service as a director.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Committees of the Board of Directors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have established an audit committee, a compensation committee, a nomination committee and a corporate governance committee under our board of directors and have adopted a charter for each of the four committees. Each committee&#8217;s members and functions are described below.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Audit Committee.</span> Our audit committee consists of Sidney Xuande Huang, Meng Xiong Kuok and Pak Tung Jason Yip and is chaired by Sidney Xuande Huang. We have determined that each of Sidney Xuande Huang, Meng Xiong Kuok and Pak Tung Jason Yip satisfies the requirements of an &#8220;independent director&#8221; within the meaning of Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual and meets the criteria for independence set forth in Rule 10A-3 of Exchange Act. In addition, we have determined that Sidney Xuande Huang satisfies the criteria of an &#8220;audit committee financial expert&#8221; as set forth under the applicable rules of the SEC and is appropriately qualified as required under Rules 3.10(2) and 3.12 of the Hong Kong Listing Rules. The audit committee is also in compliance with Rule 3.21 of the Hong Kong Listing Rules and the Corporate Governance Code set out in Appendix 14 to the Hong Kong Listing Rules, or the Corporate Governance Code.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of our financial statements. Our audit committee is primarily responsible for, among other things:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">selecting the independent auditor;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">pre-approving auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditor;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">annually reviewing the independent auditor</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8217;</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">s report describing the auditing firm</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8217;</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">s internal quality control procedures, any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality control review, or peer review, of the independent auditors and all relationships between the independent auditor and our company;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">setting hiring policies for employees and former employees of the independent auditors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing with the independent auditor any audit problems or difficulties and management</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8217;</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">s response;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and, if material, approving all related party transactions on an ongoing basis;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditor;</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">130</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditors major issues regarding accounting principles and financial statement presentations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing reports prepared by management or the independent auditors relating to significant financial reporting issues and judgments;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">discussing earnings press releases with management, as well as financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing with management and the independent auditors the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives, as well as off-balance sheet structures, on our financial statements;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">discussing policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management with management, internal auditors and the independent auditor;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">timely reviewing reports from the independent auditor regarding all critical accounting policies and practices to be used by our company, major judgmental areas, significant adjustments resulting from audit, the going concern assumptions and qualifications, and compliance with applicable accounting standards;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received from our employees regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">such other matters that are specifically delegated to our audit committee by our board of directors from time to time;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">meeting separately, periodically, with management, internal auditors and the independent auditor; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reporting regularly to the full board of directors.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Compensation Committee</span><i style="font-style:italic;">. </i>Our compensation committee consists of Changheng Qiu, Pak Tung Jason Yip and Xueji (Jerry) Wang and is chaired by Changheng Qiu. We have determined that each of Changheng Qiu and Pak Tung Jason Yip satisfies the requirements for an &#8220;independent director&#8221; within the meaning of Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual. The compensation committee is also in compliance with Rule 3.25 of the Hong Kong Listing Rules and the Corporate Governance Code. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The compensation committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which their compensation is deliberated upon. The compensation committee is primarily responsible for, among other things:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing, evaluating and, if necessary, revising our overall compensation policies;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and evaluating the performance of our directors and senior officers and determining the compensation of our executive officers; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and recommending any incentive-compensation plan, equity-based plans and employee stock ownership plans.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">131</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Nomination Committee</span><i style="font-style:italic;">. </i>Our nomination committee consists of Changheng Qiu, Meng Xiong Kuok and Liaohan (Leo) Chen, and is chaired by Changheng Qiu. We have determined that each of Changheng Qiu and Meng Xiong Kuok satisfies the requirements for an &#8220;independent director&#8221; within the meaning of Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual. The nomination committee is also in compliance with the requirements in respect of the nomination committee in Chapter 8A of the Hong Kong Listing Rules and the Corporate Governance Code.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our nomination committee is primarily responsible for, among other things,</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">searching for and identifying qualified individuals for membership on our board of directors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">making recommendations on the appointment or re-appointment of directors and succession planning for directors; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing the structure, size and composition (including the skills, knowledge and experience) of our board of directors and making recommendations on any proposed changes to the board of directors to complement our corporate strategy.</span></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">Corporate Governance Committee</span><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">.</i><span style="font-weight:normal;"> Our corporate governance committee consists of Changheng Qiu and Pak Tung Jason Yip, and is chaired by Changheng Qiu. We have determined that each of Changheng Qiu and Pak Tung Jason Yip satisfies the requirements for an &#8220;independent director&#8221; within the meaning of Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual. The corporate governance committee is also in compliance with the requirements regarding the corporate governance committee under Chapter 8A of the Hong Kong Listing Rules and the Corporate Governance Code.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our corporate governance committee is primarily responsible for, among other things:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">developing and reviewing our company&#8217;s policies and practices on corporate governance and making recommendations to the board;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and monitoring the training and continuous professional development of directors and senior management;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and monitoring our company&#8217;s policies and practices on compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">developing, reviewing and monitoring the code of conduct and compliance manual (if any) applicable to employees and directors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing our company&#8217;s compliance with certain Hong Kong Listing Rules;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and monitoring whether our company is operated and managed for the benefit of all of its shareholders;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and monitoring the management of conflicts of interests and make a recommendation to the board on any matter where there is a potential conflict of interest;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and monitoring all risks related to our company&#8217;s multiple class voting structure; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reporting on the work of the corporate governance committee on at least a semi-annual and annual basis covering all areas of its terms of reference.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">132</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Duties and Functions of Directors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our company, including a duty of loyalty, a duty to act honestly and a duty to act in what they consider in good faith to be in our best interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also owe to our company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. Our company has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached. In limited exceptional circumstances, a shareholder may have the right to seek damages in our name if a duty owed by our directors is breached. In accordance with our MAA, the functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others, (i) convening shareholders&#8217; annual general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings, (ii) declaring dividends, (iii) appointing officers and determining their terms of office and responsibilities, and (iv) approving the transfer of shares of our company, including the registering of such shares in our share register. In addition, in the event of a tie vote, the chairman of our board of directors has, in addition to his personal vote, the right to cast a tie-breaking vote.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Terms of Directors and Officers</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board. Our directors may be elected by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Each Class A ordinary share and each Class B ordinary share shall entitle its holder to one vote on a poll at a general meeting in respect of a resolution approving the appointment, election or removal of any Independent Non-executive Director (as defined in our MAA). Alternatively, our board of directors may, by the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the directors present and voting at a board meeting appoint any person as a director to fill a casual vacancy on our board or as an addition to the existing board. Any director so appointed shall hold office only until the first annual general meeting of our company after his or her appointment, and shall then be eligible for re-election at that meeting.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">A director shall hold office until the expiration of his or her term or his or her successor shall have been elected and qualified, or until his or her office is otherwise vacated. A director may be removed from office at any time by ordinary resolution of shareholders before the expiration of his or her term of office, or the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the other directors present and voting at a board meeting. At every annual general meeting of our company, the Independent Non-executive Directors for the time being shall retire from office by rotation provided that every Independent Non-executive Director (including those appointed for a specific term) shall be subject to retirement by rotation at least once every three years. A retiring Independent Non-executive Director shall retain office until the close of the meeting at which he retires and shall be eligible for re-election thereat. In addition, a director will be removed from office automatically if, among other things, the director (i) resigns by notice in writing to our company; (ii) dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his or her creditors generally; (iii) is prohibited by any applicable law or stock exchange rules from being a director; (iv) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provision of our Articles.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">6.D.</b></span>Employees</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We had 3,470, 1,835 and 1,465 salaried full-time employees as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, a substantial majority of our full-time employees were based in China, while the remaining of them were based in the United States, Europe, Singapore, India, Japan and Colombia, among other locations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We primarily recruit our employees through on-campus job fairs, recruitment agencies and online channels, including our corporate website and third-party employment websites. As required by PRC laws and regulations, we participate in housing fund and various employee social security plans that are organized by applicable local municipal and provincial governments, including housing fund, pension, medical, work injury, unemployment and maternity insurance. We or agents engaged by us are required under PRC laws and regulations to contribute to employee social security plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of our employees.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">133</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth the breakdowns of our employees by function as of December 31, 2023:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Percentage</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Function</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;of&#160;Employees</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;of&#160;Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Research and development</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,047</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 71.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Sales and marketing</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 310</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21.1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative, and others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 108</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7.4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,465</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are subject to, and comply with, applicable labor law requirements, which may automatically make our employees subject to industry-wide collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any material labor disputes in the past. Our employees are represented by labor unions with respect to his or her employment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">6.E.</b></span>Share Ownership</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following table sets forth information concerning the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of April 10, 2024 by:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">each of our directors and executive officers; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">each person known to us to beneficially own more than 5% of our ordinary shares.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have adopted a dual class voting structure. The calculations in the table below are based on 574,592,599 ordinary shares outstanding as of April 10, 2024, consisting of 504,387,299 Class A ordinary shares (including 5,433,895 Class A ordinary shares issued to the depositary bank for bulk issuance of ADSs reserved for future issuances upon the exercise or vesting of awards granted under our 2015 Plan and 9,578,811 Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs that have been repurchased by us from the open market) and 70,205,300 Class B ordinary shares.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">134</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant, or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="9" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:49.33%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary&#160;Shares&#160;Beneficially&#160;Owned</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">% of</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class&#160;A</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class&#160;B</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">% of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">of Ordinary</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Beneficial</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Voting</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ownership</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Power **</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Directors and Executive Officers:</b><sup style="font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">&#8224;</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Xueji (Jerry) Wang<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 74,045,130</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 43,379,870</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 117,425,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 20.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 42.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Liaohan (Leo) Chen<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,974,570</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 26,825,430</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 28,800,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5.0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 22.4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yi (Alex) Yang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yao (Jessie) Liu</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Sidney Xuande Huang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Changheng Qiu </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Meng Xiong Kuok </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Pak Tung Jason Yip</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">All directors and executive officers as a group</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 84,841,700</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 70,205,300</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 155,047,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 26.4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 64.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Principal Shareholders:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">NEA entities<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(3)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 119,019,273</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 119,019,273</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 20.7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 9.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Tenet Group Limited<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 68,793,080</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 68,793,080</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12.0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5.7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Tencent entities<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(5)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 58,299,749</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 58,299,749</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10.1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4.8</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Tenet Vision Limited<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(6)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 34,806,920</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 34,806,920</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6.1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 28.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Unileo Limited<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(7)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,974,570</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 26,825,430</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 28,800,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5.0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 22.4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Tuya Group Inc.<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(8)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,427,050</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 8,572,950</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10,000,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1.7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7.2</span></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Notes:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">*</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Less than 1% of </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our total issued and outstanding shares on an as-converted basis.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">**</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">For each person and group included in this column, percentage of voting power is calculated by dividing the voting power beneficially owned by such person or group by the voting power of all of our ordinary shares as a single class. Each Class A ordinary share shall be entitled to one vote on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of our company, and each Class B ordinary share shall be entitled to ten (10) votes on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of our company (except as required by applicable law, rules and regulations and in relation to certain reserved matters set out in our MAA).</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#8224;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The address of our directors and executive officers (except Sidney Xuande Huang, Changheng Qiu, Meng Xiong Kuok and Pak Tung Jason Yip) is Huace Center, Building A, 10/F, Xihu District, Hangzhou City Zhejiang, 310000, People&#8217;s Republic of China. The address of Sidney Xuande Huang is 80 Holland Park, London W11 3SG, United Kingdom. The address of Changheng Qiu is Shangshangting 8-2201, Tangping Road, Hangzhou, China. The address of Meng Xiong Kuok is 93 Grange Road, #07-08 Grange Residences, Singapore 249614. The address of Pak Tung Jason Yip is Flat 902, Block G, Kornhill, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">135</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Represents (i) 1,427,050 Class A ordinary shares and 8,572,950 Class B ordinary shares held of record by Tuya Group Inc., a business company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of BVI wholly owned by Xueji (Jerry) Wang, (ii) 68,793,080 Class A ordinary shares held of record by Tenet Group Limited a British Virgin Islands company, (iii) 34,806,920 Class B ordinary shares held of record by Tenet Vision Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of BVI, and (iv) 3,825,000 Class A ordinary shares that Xueji (Jerry) Wang may purchase upon exercise of options within 60 days after April 10, 2024. Both of Tenet Group Limited and Tenet Vision Limited are ultimately wholly owned by the trustee of a trust constituted under the laws of the Cayman Islands, of which the settlor is Xueji (Jerry) Wang and the beneficiaries are Mr. Wang and Tuya Group Inc. The registered address of each of Tuya Group Inc. and Tenet Group Limited is Craigmuir Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, VG 1110, British Virgin Islands. The registered address of Tenet Vision Limited is Coastal Building, Wickham&#8217;s Cay II, P.O. Box 2221, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Represents 1,974,570 Class A ordinary shares and 26,825,430 Class B ordinary shares held of record by Unileo Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of BVI wholly owned by Liaohan (Leo) Chen. The registered address of Unileo Limited is Craigmuir Chambers, Road Town, Tortola. VG 1110, British Virgin Islands.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(3)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Represents 108,051,445 Class A ordinary shares (the &#8220;NEA 14 Shares&#8221;) held of record by New Enterprise Associates 14, L.P. (&#8220;NEA 14&#8221;) and 10,967,828 Class A ordinary shares (the &#8220;NEF 15-OF Shares&#8221;) held of record by NEA 15 Opportunity Fund L.P. (&#8220;NEA 15-OF&#8221;), as of December 31, 2022, based on the Schedule 13G/A jointly filed by NEA 14 and NEA 15-OF, among others, with the SEC on February 3, 2023. As the sole general partner of NEA 14, NEA Partners 14, L.P. (&#8220;NEA Partners 14&#8221;) may be deemed to own beneficially the NEA 14 Shares. As the sole general partner of NEA Partners 14, NEA 14 GP, LTD (&#8220;NEA 14 GP&#8221;) likewise may be deemed to own beneficially the NEA 14 Shares. As the individual directors of NEA 14 GP, each of the Dual Managers (as defined below) and Patrick J. Kerins also may be deemed to own beneficially the NEA 14 Shares. As the sole general partner of NEA 15-OF, NEA Partners 15-OF, L.P. (&#8220;NEA Partners 15-OF&#8221;) may be deemed to own beneficially the NEA 15-OF Shares. As the sole general partner of NEA Partners 15-OF, NEA 15 GP, LLC (&#8220;NEA 15 GP&#8221;) likewise may be deemed to own beneficially the NEA 15-OF Shares. As the individual managers of NEA 15 GP, each of the Dual Managers (defined below) also may be deemed to own beneficially the NEA 15-OF Shares. NEA Partners 15-OF and NEA Partners 14 are collectively referred to as &#8220;GPLPs.&#8221; NEA 15 GP, GPLPs and NEA 14 GP are collectively referred to as the &#8220;Control Entities.&#8221; Each of Forest Baskett, Anthony A. Florence, Jr., Patrick J. Kerins, Scott D. Sandell (a former director of us) and Peter W. Sonsini is a director of NEA 14 GP and manager of NEA 15 GP (the &#8220;Dual Managers&#8221;). Patrick J. Kerins is a director of NEA 14 GP. By virtue of their relationship as affiliated entities, whose controlling entities have substantially overlapping individual controlling persons, each of NEA 14, NEA 15-OF, the Control Entities and the Dual Managers may be deemed to share the power to direct the disposition and vote of the NEA 14 Shares and NEF 15-OF Shares.The address of the principal business office for the above referenced NEA entities is 1954 Greenspring Drive, Suite 600, Timonium, MD 21093.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(4)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Represents 68,793,080 Class A ordinary shares held of record by Tenet Group Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of BVI, which is wholly owned by Tenet Global Limited and ultimately controlled by Xueji (Jerry) Wang. </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(5)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Represents (i) 55,924,749 Class A ordinary shares held of record by Tencent Mobility Limited, and (ii) 2,375,000 Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs held of record by Image Frame Investment (HK) Limited, based on the Schedule 13G/A jointly filed by Tencent Mobility Limited and Image Frame Investment (HK) Limited, among others, with the SEC on March 29, 2021. Both Tencent Mobility Limited and Image Frame Investment (HK) Limited are incorporated in Hong Kong and wholly owned subsidiaries of Tencent. The registered address of Tencent Mobility Limited is Three Pacific Place, 1 Queen&#8217;s Road East, Wanchai, Hong Kong. Tencent Mobility Limited is wholly owned by Tencent Holdings Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Stock code: 00700).</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(6)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Represents 34,806,920 Class B ordinary shares held of record by Tenet Vision Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of BVI wholly owned by Tenet Global Limited and ultimately controlled by Xueji (Jerry) Wang.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(7)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Represents 1,974,570 Class A ordinary shares and 26,825,430 Class B ordinary shares held of record by Unileo Limited. Unileo Limited </span><span style="display:inline-block;width:19.84pt;"></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">is wholly owned by Liaohan (Leo) Chen.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(8)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Represents 1,427,050 Class A ordinary shares and 8,572,950 Class B ordinary shares held of record by Tuya Group Inc., a business company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of BVI wholly owned by Xueji (Jerry) Wang.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">136</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">To our knowledge, as of April 10, 2024, a total of 2,992,010 Class A ordinary shares outstanding were held by two record holders in the United States, representing 0.5% of our total issued and outstanding ordinary shares on an as-converted basis as of such date. The number of beneficial owners of the ADSs in the United States is likely to be much larger than the number of record holders of our ordinary shares in the United States.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">6.F.</b></span><b style="font-weight:bold;">Disclosure of a Registrant&#8217;s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_14b210a8_565e_4b23_a964_e9cfa59ee6e5"></a><a id="ITEM7MAJORSHAREHOLDERSANDRELATEDPARTYTRA"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 7.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">7.A.</b></span>Major Shareholders</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Please refer to &#8220;Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees&#8212;6.E. Share Ownership.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">7.B.</b></span>Related Party Transactions</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Contractual Arrangements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;4.C. Organizational Structure&#8212;Contractual Arrangements with The VIE and The VIE&#8217;s Registered Shareholders&#8221; for a description of the contractual arrangements by and among our PRC subsidiary, the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees&#8212;6.B. Compensation&#8212;Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Share Incentive Plan</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees&#8212;6.B. Compensation&#8212;Share Incentive Plan.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Shareholders Agreement</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Other than provisions with respect to registration rights, the description of which is set forth below, all provisions and rights under our shareholders agreement dated September 11, 2019 terminated upon consummation of our initial public offering.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Demand Registration Rights.</span>&#160;At any time or from time to time after the earlier of (i) the third (3rd) anniversary of the date of the consummation of the purchase and sale of the Series D Preferred Shares or (ii) the date that is six (6) months after the closing of the IPO, upon a written request from the holders of at least 20% of the registrable securities then outstanding, we shall promptly give written notice of the proposed registration to all other Holders and shall, use our reasonable best efforts to effect as soon as practicable, the registration under the Securities Act of all registrable securities which the holders request to be registered within 15 days after the mailing of such notice by us; <i style="font-style:italic;">provided, however,</i> that the Company shall not be obligated to effect more than two such demand registrations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">137</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Piggyback Registration Rights.</span>&#160;If we propose to file a registration statement for a public offering of our securities, we must offer holders of our registrable securities an opportunity to include in the registration the registrable securities that the holders have requested to be registered. There shall be no limit on the number of times the holders may request registration of registrable securities pursuant to such piggyback registration rights.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If the underwriter advises the holders initiating the registration request pursuant to the piggyback registration rights in writing that marketing factors require a limitation on the number of shares to be underwritten, then the underwriter may (i) in the event the offering is the Company&#8217;s IPO, exclude all of the registrable securities (so long as the only securities included in such offering are those sold for the account of the Company and no securities of other selling shareholders are included), or (ii) otherwise exclude the registrable securities requested to be registered, provided that (A) no registrable securities shall be excluded unless all other equity securities (except for securities sold for the account of the Company) are excluded from the registration and underwriting and so long as the number of registrable securities to be included in such registration is allocated among all holders in proportion, as nearly as practicable, to the respective amounts of registrable securities requested by such Holders to be included and (B) the amount of registrable securities to be included in such registration shall not be reduced below twenty-five percent (25%) of the total amount of securities included in such registration.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Form F-3 or S-3 Registration Rights.</span>&#160;In case we receive from any holders of registrable securities then outstanding written requests that we effect a registration on Form F-3 or Form S-3, as the case may be, we shall, subject to certain limitations, file a registration statement on Form F-3 or Form S-3 covering the registrable securities and other securities so requested to be registered as soon as practicable after receipt of the request or requests of the holders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Expenses of Registration.</span>&#160;We will bear all registration expenses incurred in connection with any demand, piggyback or F-3 registration, subject to certain limitations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Other Material Related Party Transactions</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">There were no other material related party transactions during year ended December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">7.C.</b></span>Interests of Experts and Counsel</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_7f12f5d4_7631_4a27_8596_a032ede1aa5d"></a><a id="ITEM8FINANCIALINFORMATION_440460"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 8.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;FINANCIAL INFORMATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">8.A.</b></span>Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Legal and Administrative Proceedings</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Other than the following proceedings, we are not a party to, and are not aware of any threat of, any legal or arbitral proceeding, which, in our opinion, would likely have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">138</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In August 2022, we and certain of our current and former directors and officers and our underwriters in our initial public offering in the United States were named as defendants in a putative securities class action filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. An amended complaint in this class action was filed in March 2023. The action, purportedly brought on behalf of a class of persons who allegedly suffered damages as a result of their trading in the ADSs, alleges that our registration statement on Form F-1 in connection with our March 2021 initial public offering contains materially false and misleading statements and omissions in violation of the U.S. federal securities laws. In May 2023, we filed a motion to dismiss the action. In March 2024, the Court granted our motion in part and denied our motion in part. The lawsuit is still in its preliminary stages. We are currently unable to estimate the potential loss, if any, associated with the resolution of the lawsuit. For risks and uncertainties relating to pending cases against us, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business&#8212; We and certain of our current and former directors and officers have been named as defendants in a putative shareholder class action lawsuit, and may, from time to time, be the subject of shareholder class action lawsuits, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reputation.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Defending ourselves in legal and regulatory proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on our directors, management and employees. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;We may be subject to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. If the outcomes of these proceedings are adverse to us, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Dividend Policy</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have not previously declared or paid any cash dividend or dividend in kind and we have no plan to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future on our shares or the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares. We currently intend to retain our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business. We currently do not have any plan to require our PRC subsidiaries to distribute their retained earnings and intend to retain them to operate and expand our business in the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya Inc. is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We rely principally on dividends from our PRC subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including any payment of dividends to our shareholders. PRC regulations may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;4.B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulation&#8212;Regulation Relating to Foreign Exchange&#8221; and &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risk Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our board of directors has discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant. If we pay any dividends on our ordinary shares, we will pay those dividends which are payable in respect of the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs to the depositary, as the registered holder of such Class A ordinary shares, and the depositary then will pay such amounts to the ADS holders in proportion to the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs held by such ADS holders, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. We have adopted a policy on payment of dividends taking into account various elements including but not limited to the earnings, cash flow, financial conditions, capital requirements, our statutory fund reserve requirements and any other conditions that our board of directors may deem relevant. See &#8220;Item 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities&#8212;12.D. American Depositary Shares.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">8.B.</b></span>Significant Changes</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have not experienced any significant changes since the date of the annual financial statements included herein.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">139</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_b228d07c_0b79_49f8_8c1d_15ea149dd8a7"></a><a id="ITEM9THEOFFERANDLISTING_855539"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 9.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;THE OFFER AND LISTING</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">9.A.</b></span>Offering and Listing Details</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares have been listed on the NYSE since March 18, 2021 under the symbol &#8220;TUYA.&#8221; Each ADS represents one Class A ordinary share, par value US$0.00005 per share.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our Class A ordinary shares have been listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since July 5, 2022 under the stock code &#8220;2391.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">9.B.</b></span>Plan of Distribution</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">9.C.</b></span>Markets</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares have been listed on the NYSE since March 18, 2021 under the symbol &#8220;TUYA.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our Class A ordinary shares have been listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since July 5, 2022 under the stock code &#8220;2391.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">9.D.</b></span>Selling Shareholders</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">9.E.</b></span>Dilution</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">9.F.</b></span>Expenses of the Issue</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_dac3c121_0049_42de_b8de_aefe84610fe5"></a><a id="ITEM10ADDITIONALINFORMATION_599790"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 10.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">10.A.</b></span>Share Capital</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">10.B.</b></span>Memorandum and Articles of Association</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands, and the common law of the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We incorporate by reference into this annual report our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, or MAA, the form of which was filed as <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922113695/tm2229263d1_ex3-1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Exhibit 3.1 to our Form 6-K (File No. 001-40210) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 2, 2022</span></a>. Our board of directors adopted our MAA by a special resolution on November 1, 2022, which became effective on November 1, 2022.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">140</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following are summaries of material provisions of our MAA and the Companies Act as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Registered Office and Objects</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at Maples Corporate Services Limited, PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">According to Clause 3 of our MAA, the objects for which we are established are unrestricted and we have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the Companies Act (As Revised) or as the same may be revised from time to time, or any other law of the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Board of Directors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Ordinary Shares</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">General. </span>All of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and&#160;non-assessable.&#160;Our ordinary shares are issued in registered form and are issued when registered in our register of members. We may not issue share to bearer. Our shareholders who are&#160;non-residents&#160;of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and transfer their ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Dividends</span>. The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors subject to our MAA and the Companies Act. Our MAA provides that dividends may be declared and paid out of our profits, realized or unrealized. Dividends may also be declared and paid out of share premium account or as otherwise permitted by the Companies Act. No dividend may be declared and paid unless our directors determine that, immediately after the payment, we will be able to pay our debts as they become due in the ordinary course of business and we have funds lawfully available for such purpose.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Classes of Ordinary Shares</span>. Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Except for conversion rights and voting rights, the Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares shall carry equal rights and rank&#160;<i style="font-style:italic;">pari passu&#160;</i>with one another, including but not limited to the rights to dividends and other capital distributions.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">141</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Conversion</span>. Subject to applicable laws and stock exchange rules, each Class B ordinary share shall be automatically converted into one Class A ordinary share upon the occurrence of any of the following events: (i) the death of the holder of such Class B ordinary share (or, where the holder is a Director Holding Vehicle (as defined in the MAA), the death of Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen who holds and controls such Director Holding Vehicle); (ii) the holder of such Class B ordinary share ceasing to be a director or a Director Holding Vehicle for any reason; (iii) the holder of such Class B ordinary share (or, where the holder is a Director Holding Vehicle, Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen who holds and controls such Director Holding Vehicle) being deemed by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange to be incapacitated for the purpose of performing his duties as a director; (iv) the holder of such Class B ordinary share (or, where the holder is a Director Holding Vehicle, Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen who holds and controls such Director Holding Vehicle) being deemed by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange to no longer meet the requirements of a director set out in the Hong Kong Listing Rules; or (v) any direct or indirect sale, transfer, assignment, or disposition of the beneficial ownership of, or economic interest in, such Class B ordinary share or the control over the voting rights attached to such Class B ordinary share through voting proxy or otherwise from Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen or a Director Holding Vehicle to any person, including by reason that a Director Holding Vehicle no longer complies with Rule 8A.18(2) of the Hong Kong Listing Rules (in which case our company and Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen or such Director Holding Vehicle must notify the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as soon as practicable with details of the non-compliance), other than a transfer of the legal title to such Class B ordinary share by Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen to a Director Holding Vehicle wholly owned and wholly controlled by him, or by a Director Holding Vehicle to Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen who holds and controls it or another Director Holding Vehicle wholly owned and wholly controlled by Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen. For the avoidance of doubt, (i) a sale, transfer, assignment or disposition shall be effective upon our registration of such sale, transfer, assignment or disposition in the register of members; (ii) the creation of any pledge, charge, encumbrance or other third-party right of whatever description on any Class B ordinary shares to secure any contractual or legal obligations shall not be deemed as a sale, transfer, assignment or disposition unless and until any such pledge, charge, encumbrance or other third-party right is enforced and results in the third party that is not Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen or the Director Holding Vehicle wholly owned and wholly controlled by Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen becoming a beneficial owner of the relevant Class B ordinary shares, in which case all the related Class B ordinary shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into the same number of Class A ordinary shares, and (iii) in the event that Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen ceases to be a director or an executive officer or employee of our company, any and all of the Class B ordinary shares beneficially owned or controlled by Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen and any Affiliate of Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen shall be automatically and immediately converted into an equal number of Class A ordinary shares. For the purpose of the foregoing sentence, an &#8220;affiliate&#8221; of a given shareholder means any other person that, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such person, and for the purposes of the foregoing definition of &#8220;affiliate,&#8221; &#8220;control&#8221; means, in relation to any person, the power or authority, whether exercised or not, to direct the business, management and policies of such person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; <i style="font-style:italic;">provided</i> that such power or authority shall conclusively be presumed to exist upon possession of beneficial ownership or power to direct the vote of more than 50% of the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting of the members or shareholders of such person or power to control the composition of a majority of the board of directors of such person.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Voting Rights</span>. In respect of all matters subject to a shareholders&#8217; vote, unless otherwise provided by the MAA, holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares shall, at all times, vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote by the members. Each Class A ordinary share shall be entitled to one vote on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of our company, and each Class B ordinary share shall be entitled to ten (10) votes on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of our company (except as required by applicable law, rules and regulations and in relation to certain reserved matters set out in our MAA). Voting at any meeting of shareholders shall be determined by poll and not on a show of hands, save that the chairman of the meeting may, in good faith, allow a resolution which relates purely to a procedural or administrative matter as prescribed under the Hong Kong Listing Rules to be voted on by a show of hands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of all votes, calculated on a fully converted basis, cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of not less than three-fourths (3/4) of all votes, calculated on a fully converted basis, cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting. Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act and our MAA, a special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our MAA.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">142</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">General Meetings of Shareholders.</span>&#160;Save as otherwise stated in the MAA, a quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of shareholders holding 10% of all votes attaching to the issued shares and entitled to vote at general meetings present (on a one vote per share basis). Our MAA provides that we shall hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting in each financial year within a period of not more than six months after the end of our financial year (or such longer period as the Hong Kong Stock Exchange may authorize). We will specify an annual general meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting will be held at such time and place as may be determined by our directors. Each general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, shall be an extraordinary general meeting. Shareholders&#8217; annual general meetings and any other general meetings of our shareholders may be called by a majority of our board of directors or our chairman or upon a requisition of shareholders holding at the date of deposit of the requisition not less than one-tenth (1/10) of the paid-up capital of our company, on a one vote per share basis, that as at the date of the deposit carry the right to vote at general meetings, in which case the directors are obliged to call such meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting; however, our MAA does not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders. Advance notice of not less than twenty-one (21) days&#8217; notice and fourteen (14) days&#8217; notice in writing is required for the convening of our annual general meeting and other general meetings, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Transfer of Ordinary Shares</span>. Subject to the restrictions in our MAA as set out below, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form, or in a form prescribed by the designated stock exchange, or any other form approved by our board of directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer ;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of shares;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a fee of such maximum sum as the NYSE may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within two calendar months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required of the rules of the designated stock exchange, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine, <i style="font-style:italic;">provided, however</i>, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 calendar days in any calendar year.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Liquidation</span>. On the winding up of our company, if the assets available for distribution among our shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed among our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the&#160;paid-up&#160;capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares</span>. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their ordinary shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 clear days prior to the specified time of payment. The ordinary shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">143</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Ordinary Shares</span>. Subject to the provision of our MAA, we may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders thereof, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined, before the issue of such shares, by our board of directors. Our company may also repurchase any of our shares provided that the manner and terms of such purchase have been approved by our board of directors, or are otherwise authorized by our MAA, provided always that any such purchase shall only be made in accordance with any relevant code, rules or regulations issued by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange or the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong from time to time in force. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company&#8217;s profits or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if the company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act, no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (i) unless it is fully paid up, (ii) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding or (iii) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Variations of Rights of Shares</span>. Subject to the provision of our MAA, if at any time the share capital of our company is divided into different classes, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may, whether or not our company is being wound up, be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths (3/4) in the nominal value of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class by members holding shares representing three-fourths (3/4) in nominal value of the issued shares of that class present and voting at such meeting. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued shall not, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to the shares of that class, be deemed to be materially adversely varied or abrogated by the creation or issue of further shares ranking <i style="font-style:italic;">pari passu</i> with or subsequent to such existing class of shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Inspection of Books and Records</span>. Holders of our ordinary shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association, the register of mortgages and charges, and copies of any special resolutions passed by our shareholders). However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements. Any register held in Hong Kong shall during normal business hours (subject to such reasonable restrictions as the board of directors may impose) be open for inspection by a shareholder without charge and such other person on payment of a fee of such amount not exceeding the maximum amount as may from time to time be permitted under the Hong Kong Listing Rules as the board of directors may determine for each inspection, provided that our company may be permitted to close the register in terms equivalent to section 632 of the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Issuance of Additional Shares</span>. Our MAA authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Subject to certain conditions set forth in the MAA, compliance with the Hong Kong Listing Rules (and only to such extent permitted thereby), the Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and any applicable rules and regulations of authorities of places where the securities of our company are listed, and on the conditions that (i) no new class of shares with voting rights superior to those of Class A ordinary shares will be created and (ii) any variation in the relative rights as between the different classes will not result in creating a new class of shares with voting rights superior to those of Class A ordinary shares, the board of directors is authorized to establish from time to time one or more series of preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the designation of the series;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the number of shares of the series;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our board of directors may issue preferred shares without action by our shareholders to the extent authorized but unissued. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">144</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Anti-Takeover Provisions</span>. Some provisions of our MAA may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders, and limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our MAA for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Exempted Company</span>. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">is not required to open its register of members for inspection;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">does not have to hold an annual general meeting;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may issue shares with no par value;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are given for up to 30 years);</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may register as a limited duration company; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may register as a segregated portfolio company.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">&#8220;Limited liability&#8221; means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on that shareholder&#8217;s shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Differences between the Law of Different Jurisdictions </b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Companies Act is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England, but does not follow many recent English law statutory enactments. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">145</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mergers and Similar Arrangements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (a) &#8220;merger&#8221; means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (b) a &#8220;consolidation&#8221; means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company&#8217;s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a declaration as to the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose, a company is a &#8220;parent&#8221; of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least 90% of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his or her shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provided the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by (a) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, as the case may be, or (b) a majority in number representing 75% in value of the creditors or each class of creditors, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, that are, in each case, present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">146</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the &#8220;squeeze out&#8221; of a dissenting minority shareholder upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, or if a tender offer is made and accepted, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Shareholders&#8217; Suits</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in <i style="font-style:italic;">Foss v. Harbottle</i> and the exceptions thereto) which permit a minority shareholder to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of the company to challenge actions where:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">those who control the company are perpetrating a &#8220;fraud on the minority.&#8221;</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company&#8217;s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our MAA provide that we shall indemnify our officers and directors and any trustee against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses that they or any of them shall or may incur or sustain by reason of any act done or omitted in or about the execution of their duty in their respective offices or trusts, except such (if any) as they shall incur or sustain by or through their own fraud or dishonesty, and no such director or officer or trustee shall be answerable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of any other director or officer or trustee or for joining in any receipt for the sake of conformity or for the solvency or honesty of any banker or other persons with whom any monies or effects belonging to us may be lodged or deposited for safe custody or for any insufficiency of any security upon which any of our monies may be invested or for any other loss or damage due to any such cause as aforesaid or which may happen in or about the execution of his or her office or trust unless the same shall happen through the fraud or dishonesty of such director or officer or trustee. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our MAA, and maintain director and officer insurance. We currently also insure our directors and officers through a directors and officers insurance policy.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">147</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Directors&#8217; Fiduciary Duties</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to the company: a duty to act <i style="font-style:italic;">bona fide</i> in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his position as director (unless the company permits him to do so), a duty not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his personal interest or his duty to a third party, and a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Shareholder Action by Written Consent</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. The Companies Act and our MAA provide that our shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Shareholder Proposals</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company&#8217;s articles of association. Our MAA allow our shareholders holding, on the date of deposit of the requisition in aggregate, not less than one-tenth (1/10) of the paid-up capital of our company, on a one vote per share basis, that as at the date of the deposit carry the right to vote at general meetings of our company to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our board is obliged to convene an extraordinary general meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders&#8217; meeting, our Articles do not provide our shareholders with any other right to put proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders. As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders&#8217; annual general meetings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">148</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Cumulative Voting</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation&#8217;s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder&#8217;s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our MAA do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Removal of Directors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our MAA, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. A director shall hold office until the expiration of his or her term or his or her successor shall have been elected and qualified, or until his or her office is otherwise vacated. A director (including a managing or other executive directors) may be removed (with or without cause) from office at any time by ordinary resolution of our company before the expiration of his or her term of office, or the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the other directors present and voting at a board meeting, provided that in the event that the chairman is to be removed by the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the other directors present and voting at a board meeting (but without prejudice to any claim for damages under such agreement). In addition, a director&#8217;s office shall be vacated if the director (i) dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (ii) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing to the company; (iv) is prohibited by law from being a director; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provisions of our MAA.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Transactions with Interested Shareholders</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an &#8220;interested shareholder&#8221; for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target&#8217;s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target&#8217;s board of directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, the directors of the Company are required to comply with fiduciary duties which they owe to the Company under Cayman Islands law, including the duty to ensure that, in their opinion, any such transactions must be entered into <i style="font-style:italic;">bona fide</i> in the best interests of the company, and are entered into for a proper corporate purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Dissolution; Winding up</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation&#8217;s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">149</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances, including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so. Under the Companies Act and our MAA, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up by a special resolution of our shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Variation of Rights of Shares</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law and our MAA, if at any time the share capital of our company is divided into different classes, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may, whether or not our company is being wound up, be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths (3/4) in the nominal value of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class by members holding shares representing three-fourths (3/4) in nominal value of the issued shares of that class present and voting at such meeting.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Amendment of Governing Documents</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation&#8217;s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Companies Act and our MAA, our MAA may only be amended by a special resolution of our shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">There are no limitations imposed by our MAA on the rights of nonresident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our MAA governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">10.C.</b></span>Material Contracts</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">10.D.</b></span>Exchange Controls</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Cayman Islands currently has no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">10.E.</b></span>Taxation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following discussion of Cayman Islands, PRC and United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to the ownership and disposition of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands Taxation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">According to Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP, our Cayman Islands counsel, the Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation, and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us or holders of the ADSs or ordinary shares levied by the government of the Cayman Islands, except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution brought within the jurisdiction of, the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">150</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Payments of dividends and capital in respect of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">People&#8217;s Republic of China Taxation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our subsidiaries and the VIE in China are companies incorporated under PRC law and, as such, are subject to PRC enterprise income tax on their taxable income in accordance with the relevant PRC income tax laws. Pursuant to the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People&#8217;s Republic of China (the &#8220;EIT Law&#8221;), which was amended on December 29, 2018 and became effective on the same date and the Regulation on the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People&#8217;s Republic of China, which was amended on April 23, 2019 and became effective on the same date, a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate is generally applicable to both foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises, except where a special preferential rate applies. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, preferential tax treatment was available to Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd, which qualifies as a high-tech enterprise and is entitled to enjoy the 15% beneficial tax rate. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity&#8217;s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are subject to VAT on the products sold and services provided. We are also subject to surcharges on VAT payments in accordance with PRC law. The PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax were promulgated by the State Council on December 13, 1993, became effective on January 1, 1994 and were subsequently amended from time to time. The Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax (2011 Revision) were promulgated by the MOF on December 25, 1993 and subsequently amended on December 15, 2008 and October 28, 2011. On November 19, 2017, the State Council promulgated the Decisions on Abolishing the PRC Provisional Regulations on Business Tax and Amending the PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax. Pursuant to these regulations, rules and decisions, all enterprises and individuals engaged in sale of goods, provision of processing, repair, and replacement services, sales of services, intangible assets and real property, and the importation of goods within the PRC territory are VAT taxpayers. On March 20, 2019, the MOF, the SAT and the General Administration of Customs jointly issued the Announcement on Relevant Policies on Deepening the Reform of Value-Added Tax. Pursuant to this announcement, the generally applicable VAT rates are simplified as 13%, 9%, 6% and 0%, which became effective on April 1, 2019, and the VAT rate applicable to small-scale taxpayers is 3%.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Tuya Inc. is a Cayman Islands holding company, which may receive dividends from our PRC subsidiaries through Tuya (HK) Limited. The EIT Law and its implementing rules provide that dividends paid by a PRC entity to a non-resident enterprise for income tax purposes are subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 10%, and may be subject to reduction by an applicable tax treaty with China. Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion, which was signed on August 21, 2006, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise may be reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10% if the Hong Kong enterprise (i) directly holds at least 25% of the PRC enterprise, (ii) is a tax resident in Hong Kong and (iii) could be recognized as a beneficial owner of the dividend from a PRC tax perspective. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements (the &#8220;SAT Notice&#8221;), a Hong Kong resident enterprise must meet the following conditions, among others, in order to apply the reduced withholding tax rate: (i) it must be a company; (ii) it must directly own the required percentage of equity interests and voting rights in the PRC resident enterprise; and (iii) it must have directly owned such required percentage in the PRC resident enterprise throughout the 12 months prior to receiving the dividends. In October 2019, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Announcement of the State Taxation Administration on Issuing the Measures for Non-resident Taxpayers&#8217; Enjoyment of Treaty Benefits (the &#8220;SAT Circular 35&#8221;), which became effective on January 1, 2020. The SAT Circular 35 provides that nonresident enterprises are not required to obtain pre-approval from the relevant tax authority in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax. Instead, nonresident enterprises and their withholding agents may, by self-assessment and on confirmation that the prescribed criteria to enjoy the tax treaty benefits are met, directly apply the reduced withholding tax rate, and file necessary forms and supporting documents when performing tax filings, which will be subject to post-tax filing examinations by the relevant tax authorities. Accordingly, Tuya (HK) Limited may be able to benefit from the 5% withholding tax rate for the dividends it receives from its PRC subsidiaries, if it satisfies the conditions prescribed under the SAT Notice and other relevant tax rules and regulations. However, according to the SAT Notice and SAT Circular 35, if the relevant tax authorities consider the transactions or arrangements we have to be for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">151</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid to our non-PRC shareholders (including the holders of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares) and any gain realized on the transfer of the ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares by such shareholders may be subject to PRC tax. Subject to the provisions of any applicable tax treaties, the tax would be imposed at the rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC resident enterprise holders and at a rate of 20% in the case of non-PRC resident individual holders (which, in the case of dividends, may be withheld at source by us). These rates may be reduced by an applicable tax treaty, but it is unclear whether our non-PRC shareholders would, in practice, be able to obtain the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders and ADS holders.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following are material U.S. federal income tax consequences to the U.S. Holders described below of owning and disposing of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person&#8217;s decision to hold ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. This discussion applies only to a U.S. Holder that holds the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, it does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of a U.S. Holder&#8217;s particular circumstances, including alternative minimum tax or Medicare contribution tax consequences, and tax consequences applicable to U.S. Holders subject to special rules, such as:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">certain financial institutions;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">dealers or traders in securities that use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">persons holding ADSs or Class A ordinary shares as part of a straddle, conversion transaction, integrated transaction or similar transaction;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">persons whose functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein);</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">tax-exempt entities, &#8220;individual retirement accounts&#8221; or &#8220;Roth IRAs&#8221;;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">persons that own or are deemed to own 10% or more of our stock by vote or value; </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">persons holding ADSs or Class A ordinary shares in connection with a trade or business conducted outside the United States; or</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">persons who acquired our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of an employee stock option or otherwise as compensation.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes owns ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of its partners will generally depend on the status of its partners and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships owning ADSs or Class A ordinary shares and their partners should consult their tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &#8220;Code&#8221;), administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions, final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations and the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the &#8220;Treaty&#8221;), all as of the date hereof, any of which is subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion assumes that each obligation under the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">152</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For purposes of this discussion, a &#8220;U.S. Holder&#8221; is a person that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a beneficial owner of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares and:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a citizen or individual resident of the United States;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state therein or the District of Columbia; or</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">an estate or trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In general, a U.S. Holder that owns ADSs will be treated as the owner of the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by those ADSs for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, no gain or loss will be recognized if a U.S. Holder exchanges ADSs for the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by those ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">This discussion does not address the effects of any state, local or non-U.S. tax laws, or any U.S. federal taxes other than income taxes (such as U.S. federal estate or gift tax consequences). U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of owning and disposing of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares in their particular circumstances.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Passive Foreign Investment Company </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In general, a non-U.S. corporation is a passive foreign investment company (a &#8220;PFIC&#8221;) for any taxable year in which (i) 75% or more of its gross income consists of passive income or (ii) 50% or more of the average value of its assets (generally determined on a quarterly basis) consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of the above calculations, a non-U.S. corporation that owns (or is treated as owning for U.S. federal income tax purposes), directly or indirectly, at least 25% by value of the shares of another corporation is treated as if it held its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and received directly its proportionate share of the income of the other corporation. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents, royalties and certain gains. Cash is generally a passive asset for these purposes. Goodwill and other intangible assets are active under the PFIC rules to the extent attributable to activities that produce active income.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We hold a substantial amount of cash and financial investments, and while that continues to be the case our PFIC status for any taxable year may depend on the average value of our goodwill and other intangible assets. We have not obtained any valuation of our goodwill or other assets. However, the value of our goodwill and other intangible assets for any taxable year may be determined, in large part, by reference to our average market capitalization, which has declined substantially since our initial public offering. If the value of our goodwill and other intangible assets for 2023 is determined by reference to our average market capitalization for 2023, then we were likely a PFIC for our 2023 taxable year. In light of our declined market capitalization, there is a significant risk that we will also be a PFIC for 2024, and possibly future taxable years, if the value of our assets were to be determined by reference to our market capitalization. Moreover, it is not entirely clear how the contractual arrangements between us and the VIE will be treated for purposes of the PFIC rules, and we may be a PFIC for any taxable year if the VIE is not treated as owned by us for these purposes. Our PFIC status for any taxable year is an annual factual determination that can be made only after the end of that year and will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time. For these reasons, we cannot express an expectation as to our PFIC status for 2024 or any future taxable year. U.S. holders of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares should consult their tax advisers regarding our PFIC status for any of our past, current or future taxable year. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If we are a PFIC for any taxable year and any entity in which we own or are treated as owning equity interests (including the VIE) is also a PFIC (any such entity, a &#8220;Lower-tier PFIC&#8221;), a U.S. Holder will be deemed to own a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of each Lower-tier PFIC and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax according to the rules described in the subsequent paragraph on (i) certain distributions by a Lower-tier PFIC and (ii) dispositions of shares of Lower-tier PFICs, in each case as if the U.S. Holder held such shares directly, even though the U.S. Holder will not receive the proceeds of those distributions or dispositions. </p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">153</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In general, if we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, gain recognized by such U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition (including certain pledges) of its ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will be allocated ratably over that U.S. Holder&#8217;s holding period. The amounts allocated to the taxable year of the sale or disposition and to any year before we became a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year will be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that taxable year, and an interest charge will be imposed on the resulting tax liability for each such year. Furthermore, to the extent that distributions received by a U.S. Holder in any taxable year on its ADSs or Class A ordinary shares exceed 125% of the average of the annual distributions on the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares received during the preceding three taxable years or the U.S. Holder&#8217;s holding period for the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, whichever is shorter, such distributions will be subject to taxation in the same manner. Under a rule commonly referred to as the &#8220;once a PFIC always a PFIC&#8221; rule, if we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owns ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, we will generally continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to these ADSs or Class A ordinary shares for all succeeding taxable years during which the U.S. Holder owns them, even if we cease to meet the threshold requirements for PFIC status. If we are or were a PFIC for any taxable year during a U.S. Holder&#8217;s holding period but cease to be a PFIC for subsequent years, U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the advisability of making a &#8220;deemed sale&#8221; election that will allow them to eliminate the continuing PFIC status under certain circumstances, but may require them to recognize gain taxed under the PFIC rules described above in this paragraph. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Alternatively, if we are a PFIC and if the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares are &#8220;regularly traded&#8221; on a &#8220;qualified exchange,&#8221; as defined in applicable Treasury regulations, a U.S. Holder thereof could make a mark-to-market election that will result in tax treatment different from the general tax treatment for PFICs described in the preceding paragraph. The ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will be treated as &#8220;regularly traded&#8221; for any calendar year in which more than a de minimis quantity thereof are traded on a qualified exchange on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. There can be no assurance that our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will be treated as regularly traded for any relevant period. If a U.S. Holder makes the mark-to-market election, the U.S. Holder generally will recognize as ordinary income any excess of the fair market value of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares at the end of each taxable year in which we are a PFIC over their adjusted tax basis, and will recognize an ordinary loss in respect of any excess of the adjusted tax basis of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election). If a U.S. Holder makes the election, the U.S. Holder&#8217;s tax basis in the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, as applicable, will be adjusted to reflect the income or loss amounts recognized. Any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares in a taxable year when we are a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income, and any loss will be treated as an ordinary loss (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election, with any excess loss treated as a capital loss). If a U.S. Holder makes the mark-to-market election, distributions paid on ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will be treated as discussed under &#8220;&#8212;Taxation of Distributions&#8221; below. There is no law, regulation or administrative guidance that provides for a right to make a mark-to-market election with respect to any Lower-tier PFIC that is not publicly traded. Therefore, if we are a PFIC for any taxable year, U.S. Holders could be subject to the general PFIC rules described in the preceding paragraph with respect to any Lower-tier PFIC even if they make a mark-to-market election with respect to us. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the availability and advisability of making a mark-to-market election in their particular circumstances.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If we are a PFIC (or with respect to a particular U.S. Holder are treated as a PFIC) for a taxable year in which we pay a dividend or for the prior taxable year, the favorable tax rate described below with respect to dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders will not apply.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We do not intend to provide information necessary for a U.S. Holder to make a &#8220;qualified electing fund election&#8221; which, if available, would result in tax treatment different from the tax treatment for PFICs described above.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owns any ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, the U.S. Holder will generally be required to file annual reports with the Internal Revenue Service.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding our PFIC status for 2023 and any other taxable year, and the application of the PFIC rules to their ownership of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">154</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">Taxation of Distributions</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">This discussion is subject to the discussion under &#8220;&#8212;<i style="font-style:italic;">Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules</i>&#8221; above.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Distributions paid on the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, other than certain pro rata distributions of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, will be treated as dividends to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Because we do not maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, it is expected that distributions generally will be reported to U.S. Holders as dividends. Dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally available to U.S. corporations under the Code. Generally under the Code, subject to applicable limitations dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. taxpayers may in some circumstances be taxable at a preferential rate, provided that certain holding period and other applicable requirements are met. However, this preferential rate will not apply if we are a PFIC (or are treated as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder under the &#8220;once a PFIC always a PFIC&#8221; rule described above) for the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year. Non-corporate U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the availability of this favorable rate in general (taking into account our PFIC status for any taxable year) and in their particular circumstances.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Dividends will be included in a U.S. Holder&#8217;s income on the date of the U.S. Holder&#8217;s, or in the case of ADSs, the depositary&#8217;s, receipt. The amount of any dividend income paid in foreign currency will be the U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the spot rate in effect on the date of receipt, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars on such date. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the amount received. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars after the date of receipt.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Dividends will be treated as foreign-source income for foreign tax credit purposes. As described in &#8220;&#8212;People&#8217;s Republic of China Taxation,&#8221; dividends paid by us may be subject to PRC withholding tax. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the amount of the dividend income will include any amounts withheld in respect of PRC taxes. Subject to applicable limitations, which vary depending upon the U.S. Holder&#8217;s circumstances, and the discussion below regarding certain Treasury regulations, PRC taxes withheld from dividend payments (at a rate not exceeding the applicable rate provided in the Treaty) generally will be creditable against a U.S. Holder&#8217;s U.S. federal income tax liability. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex. For example, Treasury regulations provide that, in the absence of an election to apply the benefits of an applicable income tax treaty, in order for foreign income taxes to be creditable the relevant foreign income tax rules must be consistent with certain U.S. federal income tax principles, and we have not determined whether the PRC income tax system meets these requirements. However, IRS notices (i) indicate that the Treasury and the IRS are considering amendments to these Treasury regulations and (ii) provide relief from certain of their provisions for taxable years ending before the date that a notice or other guidance withdrawing or modifying this temporary relief is issued (or any later date specified in such notice or other guidance). U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the creditability of foreign taxes in their particular circumstances. In lieu of claiming a credit, a U.S. Holder may elect to deduct PRC taxes in computing its taxable income, subject to applicable limitations. An election to deduct foreign taxes instead of claiming foreign tax credits applies to all creditable foreign taxes paid or accrued in the relevant taxable year.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of ADSs or Class A Ordinary Shares</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">This discussion is subject to the discussion under &#8220;&#8212;<i style="font-style:italic;">Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules</i>&#8221; above.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For U.S. federal income tax purposes, gain or loss realized on the sale or other taxable disposition of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder held the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares for more than one year. The amount of the gain or loss will equal the difference between the U.S. Holder&#8217;s tax basis in the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares disposed of and the amount realized on the disposition, in each case as determined in U.S. dollars.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">155</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As described in &#8220;&#8212;People&#8217;s Republic of China Taxation&#8221; above, gains on the sale of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares may be subject to PRC taxes if we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. Under the Code, capital gains of U.S. persons are generally treated as U.S.-source income. However, a U.S. Holder that is eligible for the benefits of the Treaty may be able to elect to treat the gain as foreign-source income under the Treaty and claim foreign tax credit in respect of any PRC tax on dispositions. Under certain Treasury regulations, a U.S. Holder will generally be precluded from claiming a foreign tax credit with respect to PRC income taxes on gains from dispositions of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, unless the U.S. Holder is eligible for Treaty benefits and elects to apply them. However, as discussed above, IRS notices (i) indicate that the Treasury and the IRS are considering amendments to these Treasury regulations and (ii) provide relief from certain of the regulations&#8217; provisions for taxable years ending before the date that a notice or other guidance withdrawing or modifying this temporary relief is issued (or any later date specified in such notice or other guidance). Even if these Treasury regulations do not prohibit a U.S. Holder from claiming a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC income tax on disposition gains, other limitations under the foreign tax credit rules may preclude a U.S. Holder from claiming a foreign tax credit, in whole or in part, with respect to such taxes. If a U.S. Holder is precluded from claiming a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC income taxes on disposition gains, it is possible that any PRC taxes on disposition gains may either be deductible or reduce the amount realized on the disposition. The rules governing foreign tax credits and deductibility of foreign taxes are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the consequences of the imposition of any PRC tax on disposition gains, including the Treaty&#8217;s resourcing rule, any reporting requirements with respect to a Treaty-based return position and the creditability or deductibility of the PRC tax on disposition gains in their particular circumstances (including any applicable limitations).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">Information Reporting and Backup Withholding</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Payments of dividends and sales proceeds from the sale or exchange of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries generally are subject to information reporting, and may be subject to backup withholding, unless (i) the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding, generally on Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder&#8217;s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle it to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals (or certain specified entities) may be required to report information relating to their ownership of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, or non-U.S. accounts through which ADSs or Class A ordinary shares are held. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding their reporting obligations with respect to the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">10.F.</b></span>Dividends and Paying Agents</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">10.G.</b></span>Statement by Experts</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">10.H.</b></span>Documents on Display</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We previously filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-253575), as amended, to register our Class A ordinary shares in relation to our initial public offering. We also filed with the SEC a related registration statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-254092) to register the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">156</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Under the Exchange Act, we are required to file reports and other information with the SEC. Specifically, we are required to file annually a Form 20-F within four months after the end of each fiscal year. Copies of reports and other information, when so filed with the SEC, can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. The SEC also maintains a web site at <i style="font-style:italic;">www.sec.gov </i>that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We will furnish The Bank of New York Mellon, the depositary of the ADSs, with our annual reports, which will include a review of operations and annual audited consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, and all notices of shareholders&#8217; meetings and other reports and communications that are made generally available to our shareholders. The depositary will make such notices, reports and communications available to holders of ADSs and, upon our request, will mail to all record holders of ADSs the information contained in any notice of a shareholders&#8217; meeting received by the depositary from us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">10.I.</b></span>Subsidiary Information</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">10.J.</b></span><b style="font-weight:bold;">Annual Report to Security Holders</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">We intend to submit any annual report provided to security holders in electronic format as an exhibit to a current report on Form 6-K.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_8defde4d_3526_499e_aa68_939f7ea7962b"></a><a id="ITEM11QUANTITATIVEANDQUALITATIVEDISCLOSU"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ITEM 11.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Interest Rate Risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest income generated by excess cash, which is mostly held in interest-bearing bank deposits. We have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk exposure. However, interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Our future interest income may be lower than expected due to changes in market interest rates.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Foreign Exchange Risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We currently derive a significant majority of our revenue from IoT PaaS which, in turn, are generated primarily through our contracts with OEMs located in the PRC. These revenues are predominantly denominated in RMB. A substantial portion of our expenses are also denominated in RMB. Our reporting and functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The financial statements of our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities using functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar, such as RMB, are translated to the U.S. dollar. As a result, as RMB depreciates or appreciates against the U.S. dollar, our revenues presented in U.S. dollars will be negatively or positively affected. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We do not believe that we currently have any significant direct foreign exchange risk arising from our operating activities. Although our exposure to foreign exchange risks should be limited in general, the value of your investment in the ADSs or our Class A ordinary shares will be affected by the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB because the value of our business is effectively denominated in RMB, while the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares and our Class A ordinary shares will be traded in U.S. dollars and Hong Kong dollars, respectively.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">157</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by changes in China&#8217;s political and economic conditions and by China&#8217;s foreign exchange policies, among other things. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress towards interest rate liberalization and RMB internationalization, the PRC government has announced in the past, and may announce in the future, changes to the exchange rate system and there is no guarantee that RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into RMB for our operations, appreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollar would reduce the RMB amount we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs, servicing our outstanding debt, or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against RMB would reduce the U.S. dollar amounts available to us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, we had Renminbi-denominated cash and cash equivalents of RMB349.8 million (US$49.4 million), and U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents of US$447.3 million.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Inflation Risk</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Since our inception, inflation in China has not materially impacted our results of operations. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the year-over-year percent changes in the consumer price index for 2021, 2022 and 2023 were increases of 0.9%, 2.0% and 0.2%, respectively. Although we have not in the past been materially affected by inflation since our inception, we can provide no assurance that we will not be affected in the future by higher rates of inflation in China. Additionally, high global inflation has been weakening consumption sentiment and dampening enterprises&#8217; confidence in doing business. We may not be able to hedge our exposure to higher inflation in China and globally.</p><a id="_fb64c1fa_921c_45c6_97bc_b1f4cb6903f8"></a><a id="ITEM12DESCRIPTIONOFSECURITIESOTHERTHANEQ"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 12.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">12.A.</b></span>Debt Securities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">12.B.</b></span>Warrants and Rights</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">12.C.</b></span>Other Securities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">158</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">12.D.</b></span>American Depositary Shares</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Fees and Expenses</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">An ADS holder will be required to pay the following fees under the terms of the deposit agreement:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:52.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;padding-left:7.2pt;text-align:center;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Persons depositing or withdrawing shares or ADS holders must pay:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:52.12%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">US$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs)</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">US$0.05 (or less) per ADS</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Any cash distribution to ADS holders</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities (including rights) that are distributed by the depositary to ADS holders</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">US$0.05 (or less) per ADS per calendar year</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Depositary services</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Registration or transfer fees</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Expenses of the depositary</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Cable and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement)</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian has to pay on any ADSs or shares underlying ADSs, such as stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">As necessary</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:52.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="border-collapse:collapse;display:table;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><div style="display:table-row;"><div style="display:table-cell;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</div><div style="display:table-cell;padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">As necessary</span></div></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deduction from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The depositary may collect any of its fees by deduction from any cash distribution payable (or by selling a portion of securities or other property distributable) to ADS holders that are obligated to pay those fees. The depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">159</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">From time to time, the depositary may make payments to us to reimburse us for costs and expenses generally arising out of establishment and maintenance of the ADS program, waive fees and expenses for services provided to us by the depositary or share revenue from the fees collected from ADS holders. In performing its duties under the deposit agreement, the depositary may use brokers, dealers, foreign currency dealers or other service providers that are owned by or affiliated with the depositary and that may earn or share fees, spreads or commissions. In 2023, excluding withholding tax, we did not receive any reimbursement from The Bank of New York Mellon, for the expenses incurred in connection with our ADR program.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary may convert currency itself or through any of its affiliates and, in those cases, acts as principal for its own account and not as agent, advisor, broker or fiduciary on behalf of any other person and earns revenue, including, without limitation, transaction spreads, that it will retain for its own account. The revenue is based on, among other things, the difference between the exchange rate assigned to the currency conversion made under the deposit agreement and the rate that the depositary or its affiliate receives when buying or selling foreign currency for its own account. The depositary makes no representation that the exchange rate used or obtained in any currency conversion under the deposit agreement will be the most favorable rate that could be obtained at the time or that the method by which that rate will be determined will be the most favorable to ADS holders, subject to the depositary&#8217;s obligations under the deposit agreement. The methodology used to determine exchange rates used in currency conversions is available upon request.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Conversion between Class A Ordinary Shares and ADSs</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Dealings and Settlement of Class A Ordinary Shares in Hong Kong</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our Class A ordinary shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in board lots of 200 Class A ordinary shares. Dealings in our Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange will be conducted in Hong Kong dollars.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The transaction costs of dealings in our Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange include the following:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Hong Kong Stock Exchange trading fee of 0.00565% of the consideration of the transaction, charged to each of the buyer and seller;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">SFC transaction levy of 0.0027% of the consideration of the transaction, charged to each of the buyer and seller;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Accounting and Financial Reporting Council transaction levy of 0.00015% of the consideration of the transaction, charged to each of the buyer and seller;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">transfer deed stamp duty of HK$5.00 per transfer deed (if applicable), payable by the seller;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ad valorem stamp duty at a total rate of 0.26% of the value of the transaction, with 0.13% payable by each of the buyer and the seller;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">stock settlement fee, which is currently 0.002% of the gross transaction value, subject to a minimum fee of HK$2.00 and a maximum fee of HK$100.00 per side per trade;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">brokerage commission, which is freely negotiable with the broker (other than brokerage commissions for IPO transactions which are currently set at 1% of the subscription or purchase price and will be payable by the person subscribing for or purchasing the securities); and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the Hong Kong share registrar will charge between HK$2.50 to HK$20, depending on the speed of service (or such higher fee as may from time to time be permitted under the Hong Kong Listing Rules), for each transfer of ordinary shares from one registered owner to another, each share certificate canceled or issued by it and any applicable fee as stated in the share transfer forms used in Hong Kong.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">160</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Investors in Hong Kong must settle their trades executed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange through their brokers directly or through custodians. For an investor in Hong Kong who has deposited his/her Class A ordinary shares in his/her stock account or in his/her designated CCASS participant&#8217;s stock account maintained with CCASS, settlement will be effected in CCASS in accordance with the General Rules of CCASS and CCASS Operational Procedures in effect from time to time. The term &#8220;CCASS&#8221; refers to the Central Clearing and Settlement System established and operated by Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited. For an investor who holds the physical certificates, settlement certificates and the duly executed transfer forms must be delivered to his/her broker or custodian before the settlement date. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">An investor may arrange with his/her broker or custodian on a settlement date in respect of his/her trades executed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Under the Hong Kong Listing Rules and the General Rules of CCASS and CCASS Operational Procedures in effect from time to time, the date of settlement must be the second settlement day (a day on which the settlement services of CCASS are open for use by CCASS participants) following the trade date (T+2). For trades settled under CCASS, the General Rules of CCASS and CCASS Operational Procedures in effect from time to time, provided that the defaulting broker may be compelled to compulsorily buy-in by HKSCC the day after the date of settlement (T+3), or if it is not practicable to do so on T+3, at any time thereafter. HKSCC may also impose fines from T+2 onwards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Exchanges Between Class A Ordinary Shares Trading in Hong Kong and ADSs</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have established a branch register of members in Hong Kong (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Hong Kong share register</b>&#8221;), which is maintained by our Hong Kong share registrar, Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited. Our principal register of members (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Cayman share register</b>&#8221;) continues to be maintained by our principal share registrar, Maples Fund Services (Cayman) Limited. All Class A ordinary shares offered in connection with our listing in Hong Kong are registered on the Hong Kong share register in order to be listed and traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. As described in further detail below, holders of Class A ordinary shares registered on the Hong Kong share register are able to exchange those Class A ordinary shares for ADSs, and vice versa.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Depositing Class A Ordinary Shares Trading in Hong Kong for Delivery of ADSs</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">An investor who holds Class A ordinary shares registered in Hong Kong and wishes to receive delivery of ADSs that trade on NYSE must deposit or have his/her broker deposit the Class A ordinary shares with the depositary&#8217;s Hong Kong custodian, The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">custodian</b>&#8221;) in exchange for ADSs. A deposit of Class A ordinary shares trading in Hong Kong in exchange for ADSs involves the following procedures:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(a)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">If Class A ordinary shares have been deposited with CCASS, the investor must transfer Class A ordinary shares to the depositary&#8217;s account with the custodian within CCASS by following the CCASS procedures for transfer and submit and deliver a duly completed and signed ADS delivery form to the custodian via his/her broker. </p></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(b)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">If Class A ordinary shares are held outside CCASS, the investor must arrange for the registration of a transfer of his/her Class A ordinary shares into the depositary&#8217;s name and delivery of evidence of that registration to the custodian, and must sign and deliver an ADS delivery form to the depositary. </p></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(c)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, if applicable, the depositary will register the corresponding number of ADSs in the name(s) requested by an investor and will deliver the ADSs as instructed in the ADS delivery form. For Class A ordinary shares deposited in CCASS, under normal circumstances, the above steps generally require two business days, provided that the investor has provided timely and complete instructions. For Class A ordinary shares held outside CCASS in physical form, the above steps may take 14 business days, or more, to complete. Temporary delays may arise. For example, the transfer books of the depositary may from time to time be closed to ADS issuances. The investor will be unable to trade the ADSs until the procedures are completed.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">161</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Surrender of ADSs for Delivery of Class A Ordinary Shares Trading in Hong Kong</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">An investor who holds ADSs and wishes to receive Class A ordinary shares that trade on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange must cancel the ADSs the investor holds and withdraw the Class A ordinary shares from our ADS program and cause his/her broker or other financial institution to trade such Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. An investor that holds ADSs indirectly through a broker or other financial institution should follow the procedures of the broker or financial institution and instruct the broker to arrange for cancellation of the ADSs, and transfer of the underlying Class A ordinary shares from the depositary&#8217;s account with the custodian within the CCASS to the investor&#8217;s Hong Kong stock account.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For investors holding ADSs directly, the following steps must be taken:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(a)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">To withdraw Class A ordinary shares from our ADS program, an investor who holds ADSs may turn in such ADSs at the office of the depositary (and the applicable ADR(s) if the ADSs are held in certificated form), and send an instruction to cancel such ADSs to the depositary. Those instructions must have a Medallion signature guarantee. </p></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(b)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">Upon payment or net of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, if applicable, the depositary will instruct the custodian to deliver Class A ordinary shares underlying the canceled ADSs to the CCASS account designated by the investor. </p></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(c)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">If an investor prefers to receive Class A ordinary shares outside CCASS, he/she must so indicate in the instruction delivered to the depositary.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For Class A ordinary shares to be received in CCASS, under normal circumstances, the above steps generally require two business days, provided that the investor has provided timely and complete instructions. For the Shares to be received outside CCASS in physical form, the above steps may take 14 business days, or more, to complete. The investor will be unable to trade the Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange until the procedures are completed. Temporary delays may arise. For example, the transfer books of the depositary may from time to time be closed to ADS cancellations. In addition, completion of the above steps and procedures for delivery of Class A ordinary shares in a CCASS account is subject to there being a sufficient number of Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong share register to facilitate a withdrawal from the ADS program directly into the CCASS. We are not under any obligation to maintain or increase the number of Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong share register to facilitate such withdrawals.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Depositary Requirements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Before the depositary delivers ADSs or permits withdrawal of Class A ordinary shares, the depositary may require:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(a)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">production of satisfactory proof of the identity and genuineness of any signature or other information it deems necessary; and </p></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(b)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">compliance with procedures it may establish, from time to time, consistent with the deposit agreement, including completion and presentation of transfer documents.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer, or register issuances, transfers and cancellations of ADSs generally when the transfer books of the depositary or of the Hong Kong share registrar are closed or at any time if the depositary or we determine it advisable to do so.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">All costs attributable to the transfer of Class A ordinary shares to effect a withdrawal from or deposit of Class A ordinary shares into our ADS program will be borne by the investor requesting the transfer or deposit. In particular, holders of Shares and ADSs should note that the Hong Kong share registrar will charge between HK$2.50 to HK$20, depending on the speed of service (or such higher fee as may from time to time be permitted under the Hong Kong Listing Rules) for each transfer of Class A ordinary shares from one registered owner to another, each share certificate canceled or issued by it and any applicable fee as stated in the share transfer forms used in Hong Kong. In addition, holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs must pay up to US$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) for each issuance of ADSs and each cancellation of ADSs, as the case may be, in connection with the deposit of the Shares into, or withdrawal of Class A ordinary shares from, the ADS facility.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">162</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Payment of Taxes</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">You will be responsible for any taxes or other governmental charges payable on your ADSs or on the deposited securities represented by any of your ADSs. The depositary may refuse to register any transfer of your ADSs or allow you to withdraw the deposited securities represented by your ADSs until those taxes or other charges are paid. It may apply payments owed to you or sell deposited securities represented by your ADSs to pay any taxes owed and you will remain liable for any deficiency. If the depositary sells deposited securities, it will, if appropriate, reduce the number of ADSs to reflect the sale and pay to ADS holders any proceeds, or send to ADS holders any property, remaining after it has paid the taxes.</p><a id="_039c0677_d796_4eb3_8d33_ccf1aae36a83"></a><a id="PARTII_89173"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">PART II</b></p><a id="ITEM13ITEMDEFAULTSDIVIDENDARREARAGESANDD"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 13.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ITEM DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">None.</p><a id="_de315841_a436_4d5d_a8d6_1ae5316d4364"></a><a id="ITEM14MATERIALMODIFICATIONSTOTHERIGHTSOF"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 14.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">14.A. &#8211; 14.D. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 10. Additional Information&#8221; for a description of the rights of shareholders, which remain unchanged.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">14.E. Use of Proceeds</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Initial Public Offering</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following &#8220;Use of Proceeds&#8221; information relates to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-253575) as amended (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">IPO Registration Statement</b>&#8221;), which registered 43,590,000 Class A ordinary shares represented by 43,590,000 ADSs issued and sold by us, and the underwriters&#8217; exercise of their option to purchase from us 1,486,479 additional ADSs representing 1,486,479 Class A ordinary shares, at a public offering price of US$21.00 per ADS. The registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on March 17, 2021, for our initial public offering, which closed in March 2021. Morgan Stanley&#160;&amp; Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc. and China International Capital Corporation Hong Kong Securities Limited were the representatives of the underwriters.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We received net proceeds of US$904.7 million from our initial public offering in March 2021 and the underwriters&#8217; exercise of the over-allotment option. Our expenses incurred and paid to others in connection with the issuance and distribution of the ADSs in our offering totaled US$41.9 million, which included US$37.9 million for underwriting discounts and commissions and US$4.0 million for other expenses. None of the transaction expenses included payments to directors or officers of our company or their associates, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For the period from March 17, 2021, the date that the registration statement on Form F-1 was declared effective by the SEC, to December 31, 2023, we used approximately US$181.0 million of the net proceeds received from our initial public offering for the purposes as disclosed in the IPO Registration Statement (i.e., research and development; investment in technology infrastructure; marketing and branding; other capital expenditures; and other general corporate purposes), as well as repurchases of ADSs from the open market. None of the net proceeds we received from the initial public offering were paid, directly or indirectly, to any of our directors or officers or their associates, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates. We intend to use the remainder of the net proceeds from our initial public offering for the foregoing purposes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Global Offering</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following &#8220;Use of Proceeds&#8221; information relates to the shelf registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-265320) filed on May 31, 2022 and prospectus supplements filed on June 22, 2022 and June 28, 2022, respectively, relating to our global offering in connection with the Hong Kong Listing, which closed in July 2022. We offered and sold 7,300,000 Class A ordinary shares at an offering price of HK$19.30 per Class A ordinary share. China International Capital Corporation Hong Kong Securities Limited, Morgan Stanley Asia Limited and Merrill Lynch (Asia Pacific) Limited were the representatives of the international underwriters of the global offering.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">163</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We received net proceeds of HK$70.0 million from the global offering. Our expenses incurred and paid to others in connection with the issuance and distribution of the Class A ordinary shares in our offering totaled US$9.3 million, which included HK$5.6 million for underwriting discounts and commissions and HK$67.1 million for other expenses. None of the transaction expenses included payments to directors or officers of our company or their associates, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">For the period from May 31, 2022, the date that the shelf registration statement on Form F-3 was automatically effective, to December 31, 2023, we used approximately US$2.7 million of the net proceeds received from our global offering for the purposes as disclosed in the prospectus supplements (i.e., enhancing our IoT technologies and infrastructure; expanding and enhancing our product offerings; marketing and branding activities; pursuing strategic partnerships, investments and acquisitions to implement our long-term growth strategies; and general corporate purposes and working capital needs).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">None of the net proceeds we received from the global offering were paid, directly or indirectly, to any of our directors or officers or their associates, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates. We intend to use the remainder of the net proceeds from our global offering for the foregoing purposes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_20a31944_a37e_4583_89ee_4b2a5a6d9a8a"></a><a id="ITEM15CONTROLSANDPROCEDURES_662984"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 15.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures </b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Based upon that evaluation, our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC&#8217;s rules and forms, and that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Management&#8217;s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of our company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of the unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our company&#8217;s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our management, including our chief executive officer, assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 using the criteria set forth in the report &#8220;Internal Control&#8212;Integrated Framework (2013)&#8221; published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">164</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:9.2pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Since our initial public offering, we have become subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Once we cease to be an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; as such term is defined in the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. It is possible that, had our independent registered public accounting firm performed an audit of our internal control over financial reporting, additional internal control deficiencies may have been identified. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately or timely report our results of operations, meet our reporting obligations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of our ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Since we are an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; as defined under the JOBS Act, we are exempt from the requirement to comply with the auditor attestation requirements that our independent registered public accounting firm attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.</p><a id="_cde06c96_fbcd_4285_9942_8a25073d94d6"></a><a id="ITEM16AAUDITCOMMITTEEFINANCIALEXPERT_781"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">ITEM 16.A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our board of directors has determined that Sidney Xuande Huang, an independent director and a member of our audit committee, qualifies as an &#8220;audit committee financial expert&#8221; within the meaning of the SEC rules and possesses financial sophistication within the meaning of the applicable rules of the NYSE. Sidney Xuande Huang satisfies the &#8220;independence&#8221; requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, and Section 303A of the Corporate Governance Rules of the NYSE.</p><a id="_32110d67_c877_4425_bdbb_39ad41fcba1f"></a><a id="ITEM16BCODEOFETHICS_946799"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">ITEM 16.B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;CODE OF ETHICS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including certain provisions that specifically apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller and any other persons who perform similar functions for us. We have filed our code of business conduct and ethics as Exhibit 99.1 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-253575), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021, and posted a copy of our code of business conduct and ethics on our website at <i style="font-style:italic;">https://ir.tuya.com</i>. We hereby undertake to provide to any person without charge, a copy of our code of business conduct and ethics within 10 working days after we receive such person&#8217;s written request.</p><a id="_716d2905_9a89_4112_998c_7af499131d68"></a><a id="ITEM16CPRINCIPALACCOUNTANTFEESANDSERVICE"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">ITEM 16.C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Auditor Fees</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, for the periods indicated.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="5" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(in&#160;thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Services</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Audit Fees<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,890</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,088</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,890</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,088</b></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8.0pt;margin-bottom:2.5pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Audit Fees&#8221; refer to the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for professional services rendered by our principal auditors for the audit of our annual financial statements and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC. In 2022 and 2023, the audit refers to financial audit and services that are normally provided by our principal auditor in connection with regulatory filings for those fiscal years.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">165</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The policy of our audit committee is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, including audit services and other services as described above, other than those for <i style="font-style:italic;">de minimis </i>services which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit.</p><a id="_622dfc9b_4428_423d_b9ef_68b0a2f887a7"></a><a id="ITEM16DEXEMPTIONSFROMTHELISTINGSTANDARDS"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 16.D.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_19cbd775_e850_4c81_a92e_00464d973cda"></a><a id="ITEM16EPURCHASESOFEQUITYSECURITIESBYTHEI"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 16.E.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On August 30, 2021, we announced a share repurchase program authorized by our board of directors. Under such share repurchase program, we were authorized to repurchase up to US$200 million of our Class A ordinary shares in the form of ADSs during a 12-month period, from time to time through open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades and/or through other legally permissible means, depending on the market conditions and in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. The timing and dollar amount of repurchase transactions are subject to the SEC Rule 10b-18 and/or Rule 10b5-1 requirements. This share repurchase program expired on August 30, 2022. As of such date, we had purchased a total of approximately 23.1 million ADSs in open market purchases under this program for an aggregate purchase price of approximately US$108.6 million. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On November 9, 2022, we announced a share repurchase program authorized by our board of directors. Under the 2022 program, we may repurchase up to US$50 million of our Class A ordinary shares, including in the form of ADSs, pursuant to the general mandate granted to our board of directors to exercise all powers of our company to repurchase Class A ordinary shares, including in the form of ADSs, by the shareholders of our company at the annual general meeting on November 1, 2022. The 2022 share repurchase program commenced on November 9, 2022 and ended on June 29, 2023, the date on which a new general repurchase mandate was granted by the shareholders to our board of directors at our annual general meeting held on June 20, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On June 29, 2023, we announced a new share repurchase program authorized by our board of directors. Under the new program, we may repurchase up to US$50 million of its Class A ordinary shares, including in the form of ADSs, pursuant to the general mandate granted to the our board of directors to exercise all powers of our company to repurchase ordinary shares including in the form of ADSs by the shareholders of the our company on the annual general meeting on June 20, 2023. This new share repurchase program commenced on June 29, 2023 and will end on the date on which a new general repurchase mandate is granted by the shareholders to our board of directors on our company&#8217;s next annual general meeting which is due to be held by June 30, 2024 under the Hong Kong Listing Rules. Under the new program, our proposed repurchases may be made from time to time through open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades and/or through other legally permissible means, depending on the market conditions and in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. The timing and dollar amount of repurchase transactions will be subject to Rule 10b-18 and/or Rule 10b5-1 requirements of the SEC and applicable requirements under the Hong Kong Listing Rules. Our board of directors will review the share repurchase program periodically and may authorize adjustment of its terms and size or suspend or discontinue the program.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">166</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The table below sets forth a summary of shares repurchased by us during the year ended December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:24.5pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total&#160;Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;of&#160;Class A</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Approximate</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ordinary</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Dollar&#160;Value&#160;of</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares and/or</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class A</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total&#160;Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ADSs</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ordinary shares</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">of Class A</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Average&#160;Price</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Purchased&#160;as</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">and/or ADSs</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ordinary</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Paid&#160;per&#160;Class</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Part&#160;of&#160;the</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">that May Yet Be</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares and/or</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">A ordinary</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Publicly</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Purchased</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;ADSs</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares and/or</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Announced</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;under&#160;the&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Purchased</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ADS</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Plan(s)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Plan(s) (in US$)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Period</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">January 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 45,770,876</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Feburary 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 45,770,876</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">March 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 620,507</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1.73</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 620,507</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 44,697,905</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">April 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 44,697,905</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">May 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 44,697,905</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">June 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 68,900</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1.93</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 68,900</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 44,564,873</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">July 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 44,564,873</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">August 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 345,488</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1.64</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 345,488</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 49,432,276</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">September 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 165,899</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1.55</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 165,899</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 49,175,381</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">October 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 49,175,381</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">November 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 49,175,381</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">December 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 49,175,381</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_56828618_a53b_4148_8298_6cb4612ac5a4"></a><a id="ITEM16FCHANGEINREGISTRANTSCERTIFYINGACCO"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 16.F.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;CHANGE IN REGISTRANT&#8217;S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_7b2c9830_22af_4c5e_8e9b_34fa8aaa6c78"></a><a id="ITEM16GCORPORATEGOVERNANCE_173081"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 16.G.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;CORPORATE GOVERNANCE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We are a &#8220;foreign private issuer&#8221; (as such term is defined in Rule 3b-4 under the Exchange Act), and our ADSs, each representing one Class A ordinary share, are listed on the NYSE. Under Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, NYSE-listed companies that are foreign private issuers are permitted to follow home country practice in lieu of the corporate governance provisions specified by the NYSE with limited exceptions. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The NYSE Listed Company Manual requires NYSE-listed companies to have a nominating / corporate governance committee and a compensation committee that are composed entirely of independent directors. Cayman Islands law does not impose similar requirements. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Currently, we have three members on our nomination committee, consisting of two independent directors and one director who is an executive officer. We have three members on our compensation committee, consisting of two independent directors and one director who is an executive officer. Nevertheless, our board of directors is composed of eight members, four of whom are independent directors within the meaning of Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, and we currently maintain fully independent audit and corporate governance committees. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a result of our choice to follow home country practice in those matters, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would enjoy under NYSE corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our ADSs&#8212;As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the NYSE corporate governance listing standards.&#8221;</p><a id="_99f62daa_165e_4837_b064_d81d3d4313bd"></a><a id="ITEM16HMINESAFETYDISCLOSURE_890130"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 16.H.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">167</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_5cc91494_f221_48a7_8ce8_6917e8127d49"></a><a id="ITEM16IDISCLOSUREREGARDINGFOREIGNJURISDI"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 16.I.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_9fffdb0e_ce4b_4035_840f_68f193b5b44a"></a><a id="Item16JINSIDERTRADINGPOLICIES_83980"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ITEM 16.J.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;INSIDER TRADING POLICIES</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_b24f242e_e665_46d0_9f47_855a29094dc5"></a><a id="ITEM16KCYBERSECURITY_132224"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ITEM 16.K.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;CYBERSECURITY </b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Risk Management and Strategy</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cybersecurity risk management is an integral part of our overall enterprise risk management system. Our cybersecurity risk management program is designed to align with major industry standards such as ISO/IEC 270001, ISO/IEC 27017, and ISO/IEC 27701, among others, as well as assist us in maintaining procedures for assessing, identifying and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats and incidents.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have established a comprehensive cybersecurity threat defense system designed to mitigate both internal and external cybersecurity threats. This system spans various layers, including network, host, application and hardware security, and integrates a range of security capabilities such as web application firewalls (&#8220;WAFs&#8221;), message queuing telemetry transport (&#8220;MQTT&#8221;) application firewalls, intrusion detection, runtime application self-protection (&#8220;RASP&#8221;), host-based intrusion detection system (&#8220;HIDS&#8221;), protection measures against distributed denial-of-service (&#8220;DDoS&#8221;) attacks, threat defense, and real-time monitoring. We apply diverse methods to manage cybersecurity risks and protect sensitive data, including technical safeguards, procedural protocols, a monitoring program on our corporate network, regular evaluations of security measures both internally and with external service providers, an incident response program, and regular training sessions for our employees. For example, the implementation and effectiveness of our security measures are evaluated internally on an annual basis, and we require employees to complete certain cybersecurity awareness trainings at least once annually. We also engage third parties to assess and audit our cybersecurity programs and compliance with applicable practices and standards. For example, we have worked with leading privacy compliance and cybersecurity firms, such as TrustArc, ioXt Alliance and Palo Alto Networks, for privacy management and penetration testing.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of the date of this annual report, we are not aware of having experienced any material cybersecurity incidents or identified any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we, or the cloud service providers or other third parties upon which we rely, have not experienced, or will not experience, an undetected cybersecurity incident. For more information about these risks, please see &#8220;Risk Factors&#8212;Unauthorized or improper disclosures of personal information, cyberattacks or other security incidents or data breaches that affect our networks or systems, or those of our cloud service providers or our customers, whether inadvertent or purposeful, could degrade our ability to conduct our business, compromise the integrity of our products and services, platform and data, result in significant data losses and the theft of our intellectual property, damage our reputation, expose us to liability to third parties and require us to incur significant additional costs to maintain the security of our networks and data which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.&#8221; </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Governance</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our board of directors has overall oversight responsibility for our risk management, and our senior management team is responsible for the day-to-day cybersecurity risk management oversight. Our board of directors shall maintain oversight of the disclosure (i) on Form 6-K for material cybersecurity incidents (if any) and (ii) related to cybersecurity matters in the periodic reports (including annual report on Form 20-F). </p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">168</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">In addition, at the management level, we have established a Compliance committee, which is chaired by our Chief Executive Officer, to oversee and manage cybersecurity related matters. The Compliance committee consists of four executives, including our Chief Information Security Officer (&#8220;CISO&#8221;), who is in charge of our cybersecurity team and has over 10 years of experience in managing confidentiality-related cybersecurity issues. Our Compliance committee reports to our senior management team on a semi-annual basis regarding its assessment, identification and management on material cybersecurity incidents or material risks from cybersecurity threats to our company, if any. We have also established an incident response team that consists of our CISO, our Data Protection Officer (&#8220;DPO&#8221;) and our Chief Privacy Officer (&#8220;CPO&#8221;). If a cybersecurity incident occurs, our incident response team is responsible for organizing relevant personnel to conduct an internal assessment and report to our Compliance committee. If it is determined that the incident could potentially be material to our business, our Compliance committee will promptly report the assessment results to our senior management team and our general counsel to the extent appropriate and our Compliance committee would then prepare disclosure material on the cybersecurity incident for review and approval by our board of directors, in compliance with applicable cybersecurity and data privacy laws.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_4f1d749e_e494_4e57_b5d7_20aea1a1bf9c"></a><a id="PARTIII_438262"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">PART III</b></p><a id="ITEM17FINANCIALSTATEMENTS_257001"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 17.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.</p><a id="_51b42abb_6b66_4e64_9c1c_5e4df38324a6"></a><a id="ITEM18FINANCIALSTATEMENTS_434404"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ITEM 18.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The consolidated financial statements of Tuya Inc. are included at the end of this annual report.</p><a id="_41930466_f6ad_41fd_a3ac_92effe97926b"></a><a id="ITEM19EXHIBITS_791341"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">ITEM 19.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;EXHIBITS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit Number</b></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;width:1.67%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;width:86.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description&#160;of&#160;Document</b></p></th></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">1.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922113695/tm2229263d1_ex3-1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Ninth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant, as currently in effect (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the current report on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on November 2, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">2.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1201935/000101915521000080/tuyada.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Form of American Depositary Receipt (included in Exhibit 2.3)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">2.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922074289/tm2217768d1_ex4-1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Registrant&#8217;s Specimen Certificate for Class A Ordinary Shares (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the current report on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on June 24, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">2.3</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1201935/000101915521000080/tuyada.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Form of Deposit Agreement among the Registrant, the depositary and holders of the American Depositary Shares (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 to the registration statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-254092), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on March 10, 2021)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">2.4*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex2d4.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Description of Registrant&#8217;s Securities</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465923049845/tuya-20221231xex4d1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">2015 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on June 15, 2022 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registration statement on Form 20-F (File No. 001-40210), no amendment, initially filed with the SEC on April 26, 2023)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000119312521058848/d75491dex102.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and its directors and executive officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-253575), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.3</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000119312521058848/d75491dex103.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and its executive officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-253575), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000119312521058848/d75491dex44.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Fifth Amended and Restated Shareholders&#8217; Agreement dated September 11, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-253575), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">169</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit Number</b></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;width:1.67%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;width:86.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description&#160;of&#160;Document</b></p></th></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.5</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d5.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amended and Restated Equity Interest Pledge Agreement among Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.), Liaohan (Leo) Chen and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd., originally dated December 23, 2014, amended on August 23, 2019 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.6</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d6.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amended and Restated Equity Interest Pledge Agreement among Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.), Peihong Chen and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd., originally dated December 23, 2014, amended on August 23, 2019 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.7</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d7.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amended and Restated Equity Interest Pledge Agreement among Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.), Ruixin Zhou and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd., originally dated December 23, 2014, amended on August 23, 2019 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.8</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d8.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Second Amended and Restated Equity Interest Pledge Agreement among Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.), Xueji (Jerry) Wang and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd., originally dated December 23, 2014 and, amended and restated on August 23, 2019 and January 19, 2022, respectively</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.9</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d9.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amended and Restated Equity Interest Pledge Agreement among Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.), Yaona Lin and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd., originally dated December 23, 2014, amended on August 23, 2019 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.10</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d10.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amended and Restated Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement between Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.) and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd. originally dated December 23, 2014 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.11</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d11.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amended and Restated Exclusive Option Agreement among Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.), Liaohan (Leo) Chen and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd. originally dated December 23, 2014 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.12</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d12.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amended and Restated Exclusive Option Agreement among Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.), Peihong Chen and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd. originally dated December 23, 2014 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.13</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d13.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amended and Restated Exclusive Option Agreement among Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.), Ruixin Zhou and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd. originally dated December 23, 2014 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.14</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d14.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Second Amended and Restated Exclusive Option Agreement among Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.), Xueji (Jerry) Wang and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd., originally dated December 23, 2014 and amended and restated on August 23, 2019 and January 19, 2022, respectively</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.14 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">170</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit Number</b></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;width:1.67%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;width:86.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description&#160;of&#160;Document</b></p></th></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.15</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d15.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amended and Restated Exclusive Option Agreement among Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Hangzhou Aixiangji Technology Co., Ltd.), Yaona Lin and Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd. originally dated December 23, 2014 and amended and restated on January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.15 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.16</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d16.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Power of Attorney executed by Liaohan (Leo) Chen dated January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.16 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.17</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d17.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Power of Attorney executed by Peihong Chen dated January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.17 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.18</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d18.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Power of Attorney executed by Ruixin Zhou dated January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.18 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.19</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d19.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Power of Attorney executed by Xueji (Jerry) Wang dated January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.19 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d20.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Power of Attorney executed by Yaona Lin dated January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.20 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.21</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d21.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Spousal Consent executed by spouse of Liaohan (Leo) Chen dated January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.21 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.22</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d22.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Spousal Consent executed by spouse of Peihong Chen dated January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.22 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.23</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d23.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Spousal Consent executed by spouse of Ruixin Zhou dated January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.23 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.24</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d24.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Spousal Consent executed by spouse of Xueji (Jerry) Wang dated January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.24 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">4.25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000110465922052200/tuya-20211231xex4d25.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Spousal Consent executed by spouse of Yaona Lin dated January 19, 2022</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.25 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">8.1*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex8d1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Principal Subsidiaries and Variable Interest Entity of the Registrant</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">11.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1829118/000119312521058848/d75491dex991.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-253575), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">12.1*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex12d1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Certification by Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">12.2*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex12d2.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Certification by Principal Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">13.1**</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex13d1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Certification by Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">13.2**</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex13d2.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Certification by Principal Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">15.1*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex15d1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Consent of Jia Yuan Law Offices</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">15.2*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex15d2.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Consent of Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">15.3*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex15d3.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">15.4*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex15d4.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Consent of CIC</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">97*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;font-size:9pt;" href="tuya-20231231xex97.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Tuya Inc. Compensation Recoupment Policy</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">171</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:9.2pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit Number</b></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;width:1.67%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;width:86.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;line-height:1.27;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description&#160;of&#160;Document</b></p></th></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th><th style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></th></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">101.INS*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">Inline XBRL Instance Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">101.SCH*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">101.CAL*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">101.DEF*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">101.LAB*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">101.PRE*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">104*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:86.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;line-height:1.27;margin:0pt;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;">*</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;">Filed herewith</p></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;">**</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;">Furnished herewith</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">172</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_e0e18751_0b42_416b_b8c2_e362dda40ab5"></a><a id="SIGNATURES_520059"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">SIGNATURES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing its annual report on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:51.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Tuya Inc.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:51.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:51.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.44%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Xueji (Jerry) Wang</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:51.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:6.5%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.94%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Xueji (Jerry) Wang</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:51.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:6.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title: </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Chief Executive Officer and Director</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Date: April 24, 2024</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">173</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_972d48e8_b8d5_4cf7_94ee_bfe02dc2c3a9"></a><a id="INDEXTOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTS_6"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:89.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:89.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ReportofIndependentRegisteredPublicAccou"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</span></a>(PCAOB ID <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:AuditorFirmId" id="Narr_B-7zjSqDwUeGR51PSwCU9w">1424</ix:nonNumeric>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-2</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:89.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#CONSOLIDATEDBALANCESHEETS_269664"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2023</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-3</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:89.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCOMPREHENSIVELOS"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-5</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:89.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCHANGESINSHAREHO"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders&#8217; (Deficit)/Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-6</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:89.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCASHFLOWS_934185"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-9</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:89.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#NOTESTOTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENT"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-11</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-1</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_e61cffc9_c8de_4924_9b31_f17411cdd7eb"></a><a id="ReportofIndependentRegisteredPublicAccou"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Tuya Inc. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Opinion on the Financial Statements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tuya Inc. and its subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, of changes in shareholders&#8217; (deficit)/equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the &#8220;consolidated financial statements&#8221;). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Change in Accounting Principle</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for allowance for credit losses in 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Basis for Opinion</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company&#8217;s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:AuditorName" id="Narr_J6vHvtXb1Ei66VdQrgCf7A">PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP</ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="dei:AuditorLocation" id="Narr_2vkcIERej06aKeOFhKu0Cg">Shanghai, the People&#8217;s Republic of China</ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">April 24, 2024 </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have served as the Company&#8217;s auditor since 2020.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-2</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_0a62e53e_9859_48fb_8451_6149871caf6f"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">TUYA&#160;INC.</p><a id="CONSOLIDATEDBALANCESHEETS_269664"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2023</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#8220;US$&#8221;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_f07b9679_5f4c_4c57_addc_33581fe0b14c"></a><a id="Tc_fBDWlllLQ0-WuvNibXM7iA_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_DDZ5D2ARcEi20Gz4tkmzSw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_e7Q560proUKfKz-ZFB9MgQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_rQ97TBQe4UiQiDqe-zV3sg_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_q5hu89Rmtk-WLgWy7qwNaw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_kZGB5bIzbUCPyO-xKq6jmA_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_TAr74G1e00O3LdeGJ1-SwQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_ypYMpTHGyUGsu8zkUVRyUA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_EOoRUHTutUyXNmUXDwjCog_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_x7i_F_oiSkO7joVxvSs31A_7_0"></a><a 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style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td 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style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Note</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ASSETS</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current assets:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Cash and cash 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="3" id="Tc_81S8eSCY_k23Sy3bX3pFog_6_4">133,161</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" 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style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc__CatFkndQEuMdkaLU8tstw_7_4">821,134</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_9L35L5FAqE6PErlT23Y9BA_7_6">291,023</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Accounts receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">5</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_E3eh-UXfn0ypWDAYN8fTEg_8_4">12,172</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_zQdbarT87kSVe78qc9gKCg_8_6">9,214</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Notes receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_fT_2jRdxmEKBNpZm9n37yA_9_4">2,767</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_pzJxVsPwy0yAYV5gsgVawg_9_6">4,955</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Inventories, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">6</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="3" id="Tc_t-pkKARYskKF44CLurpQCQ_10_4">45,380</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="3" id="Tc_2wamaLwq40ekzEccWPZIFA_10_6">32,865</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Prepayments and other current assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">7</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_phfn6ZdbSE6ZIM5Gv4NG4g_11_4">8,752</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction 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style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_MFWVjFYOQkK3h7cdOxsJ2Q_12_4">1,023,366</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_-b5gtXHdcUquZdiTAvJ1BQ_12_6">847,798</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Non-current assets:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Property, equipment and software, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">8</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="3" id="Tc_R0F_AUlDFEeemAciITkNqw_14_4">3,827</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="3" id="Tc_Yjkq4UZuJkifRP3jiAvUBg_14_6">2,589</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Operating lease right-of-use assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">10</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">2(e),9</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_SgY9hW4TM0WA4usBtNn3TA_16_4">18,031</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_kdLKhp0_EE27BjfnYyhPfw_17_6">877</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_F9V59TkuMEimxMpy4WoM9w_18_4">32,773</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_0ZXqcE9xu0e5IfhaNulzSw_18_6">218,602</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="3" id="Tc_II7gzeKveESOyFd__MEQEg_19_4">1,056,139</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="3" id="Tc_mPNkkXMpmkWBDp3rfeWOCA_19_6">1,066,400</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the primary beneficiary of </b><b style="font-weight:bold;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_ssne1wjSE0inXf6hW3xwbg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" scale="3" id="Narr_OfFkeNIU80Srp6bs8XLSCw">1,422</ix:nonFraction></b><b style="font-weight:bold;"> and </b><b style="font-weight:bold;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_lhr2x1g_cU6vfuqZzf78DA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" scale="3" 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Accounts payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">11</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_6s621i4lK0GiAN1ef3mVgQ_22_4">9,595</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_5o0ickEhokGB3R1gbPqCLw_22_6">11,577</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Advance from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction 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style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Deferred revenue, current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">2(q),13</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_cqGT_9FDp0WfPjOR_ViXIw_24_4">6,821</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_XhR6s8l8aEGfdYv_DVK0TQ_25_4">33,383</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_dLVkuz9-y0atXTF8Q2cbgw_25_6">32,807</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Income tax payables</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_C7DpKqocpUqYr4iq0tLXAg_26_6">689</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Lease liabilities, current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">10</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_Wh4RxhX2V0a-IYFlUUqXYQ_28_4">81,282</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Lease liabilities, non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">10</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_oQ3GmU1Gm0-0edhD4EAFdQ_30_4">5,292</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_VR-xQGeMyU-VY_IBKZ0wdg_31_4">394</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_aRvdrcnYO0eyNmJTssNmww_31_6">506</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other non-current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">12</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_9DYPYmSEsUqftx-9fBh6jw_32_4">7,004</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_uV1HBh8tsEyMLkjOXtsaQA_32_6">3,891</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_rEc0lqAioU-6iyp5Syiy5Q_33_4">12,690</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_N7cCKQX7XUu7HnL1tLa3zQ_33_6">8,301</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_CsZ9N-OjTESTAMJzjMYXqg_34_4">93,972</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_RsmlDypvyk6oEat2LLOZZQ_34_6">95,835</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-3</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2023</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#8220;US$&#8221;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)</p><a id="_70f666b5_25ad_4caf_afea_9f56126a8fee"></a><a id="Tc_O96LYuzjoEC4IVt1elIWZw_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_30LwG_D5-EexSa6TOgNaeA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_PZqjQ-EH8UWiFOkj6frgJg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_45Jb26hS50OQ_axrbDbB1A_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_A0Irmr99oE6t-lcBajfFBQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_KF0ILO29bkiZ1yYmMFlrHQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_UvpOq1qOA0O2AZ0jsOA_mg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_s-AAXZUYh0m0ZqGG0UBsPg_5_0"></a><a id="_91b74a94_3728_46e1_8625_23302cf4c1a3"></a><a id="_91b74a94_3728_46e1_8625_23302cf4c1a3_2"></a><a id="_91b74a94_3728_46e1_8625_23302cf4c1a3_3"></a><a id="_e2700f5b_5b0b_4ba2_b74c_f85d7b708ad7"></a><a id="_e2700f5b_5b0b_4ba2_b74c_f85d7b708ad7_2"></a><a id="_e2700f5b_5b0b_4ba2_b74c_f85d7b708ad7_3"></a><a id="Tc_mWhvNRAhAke423VGbYe3BQ_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_t4_zhGGr5U6PasQI3L6Q0A_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_D4FbyQIDYESSP6xlhmg3bQ_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_zzrW27dhZ0uIyUzo3iUbEA_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_hiADJbwnjU2UwmUj2KNQjA_7_2"></a><a id="Tc_v48s_ocbnEeT50oUgv3_RQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc__olNCWa9ykWtZagyEBjJnw_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_O0To0j6YWE-l7hLgfwhcng_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_UZ9BTRgutkiWe0dwv8UX3Q_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_eGgvpSzpxUeYo5es_SHrTA_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_tkoSM6JiHkGogqzZKaREow_13_0"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Note</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Shareholders&#8217; equity:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Ordinary shares (US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_apuLtshP10qCb70ZLuJSWA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_UT42kd3kOk2VXLZZsUdOLA">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> par value; <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_mSAPLdyQg06reCk0biUC6g"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_GS4-PD_tHEyPixtYrFHW7A">nil</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">15</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_BRzo_1hcpUyBm3j3c5aZOg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> &#8212;</span></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_MuTld9Fx_Uy6Pg6v9S-zww;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> &#8212;</span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Class A ordinary shares (US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_uijqYiLya0exglc075BhvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_KLkOjaRmOE2pl25A-UNhgQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lQUuljrrgkO2NWLk0WjwuA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_uPImVOcjPkm2QgTn2YBzQQ">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> par value; <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_uijqYiLya0exglc075BhvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr__mdzi3-L0EqDF9X6iI-zyw">800,000,000</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lQUuljrrgkO2NWLk0WjwuA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_Z4A3HERl-UGrGxhmBxlx9A">800,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_uijqYiLya0exglc075BhvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr_l-1c4DRSNkmg5ubymITVXA">499,146,560</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lQUuljrrgkO2NWLk0WjwuA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr_addwieqNmESW3MCX-EyrwQ">504,387,299</ix:nonFraction> shares issued as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_uijqYiLya0exglc075BhvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_LaNyy9bB6EmuU-JqmHXElg">473,550,229</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lQUuljrrgkO2NWLk0WjwuA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_XyRebvz67kWLHDV2kr_gDw">487,591,968</ix:nonFraction> shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">15</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_uijqYiLya0exglc075BhvA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="3" id="Tc_g7MeEf5lskmfQVDP_wHkig_6_4">25</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lQUuljrrgkO2NWLk0WjwuA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="3" id="Tc_tPBA_OqHQ0epbyEUjprNqQ_6_6">25</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Class B ordinary shares (US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lXR4FkCvo0O7eODQAfTziQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_Tj2KBOElZ0esyl36VEi6_g"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_PKxhKYxi_UqOsS8Tsc0QPw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_XsgpG5DiWke0Wf0AyeV3BQ">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> par value; <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lXR4FkCvo0O7eODQAfTziQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_nWdGjR1AoUyUB_oTzZl9pg">200,000,000</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_PKxhKYxi_UqOsS8Tsc0QPw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_WsEeWAVRwUidsmVy0H-0bw">200,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lXR4FkCvo0O7eODQAfTziQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr_0Mit7SMuEkC74APOxE1KLQ">79,400,000</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_PKxhKYxi_UqOsS8Tsc0QPw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_i0_yPNWkCE6-a8q694GIfg">70,205,300</ix:nonFraction> shares <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_8dYs1b15FkqcUGzeoQJQhg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">issued</span></span> and <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_WpuMAadXYkuxUqK5BsqRbg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">outstanding</span></span> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">15</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lXR4FkCvo0O7eODQAfTziQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="3" id="Tc_QWEwF8ltwUegNJXeitsibw_7_4">4</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_PKxhKYxi_UqOsS8Tsc0QPw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="3" id="Tc_SMR-drmuRUOdCu-OUUu1xg_7_6">4</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Treasury stock (US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_NnqdrTbm2ECkmoAmsIYuxA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_TNGPEriEI0yDqCIhBW9E8Q">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> par value; <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonShares" scale="0" id="Narr_xqw92RYCLku6xxUu3Kmp6g">25,596,331</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonShares" scale="0" id="Narr_ZcjHSxnUrEmy5LCSu5sJgw">16,795,331</ix:nonFraction> shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonValue" scale="3" id="Tc_1n_jeHYzYU2ajT17KlXMQw_8_4">86,438</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonValue" scale="3" id="Tc_FxgNPDsk6U6Ap8sCppUa1w_8_6">53,630</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Additional paid-in capital</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" scale="3" id="Tc_uU7Le084VkWbzLgaGjc0xQ_9_4">1,584,764</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_31fz28NM2kix1j9pLUIRdg_10_4">22,115</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_WYwCTR5bVkW759nenqlmEA_10_6">17,091</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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#000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_b5vTfIXY1UiWzQdsOf8GwA_11_4">514,073</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_TNeHq7f_EEKiUtNPPqWuHA_11_6">574,848</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_1zs3_tklYUOsE9Bwo1mWAw_12_4">962,167</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_ZxOAzKMLZEqGUYjBTFSd9Q_12_6">970,565</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:71.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities and shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_fjnKl5Z8iES9uP821h9rcg_13_4">1,056,139</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.94%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_tgXOlTXVtU6PVUQXnXf3xg_13_6">1,066,400</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-4</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_d2d95c20_e70e_499b_970d_410ec8ee7105"></a><a id="CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCOMPREHENSIVELOS"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">FOR THE&#160;YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#8220;US$&#8221;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)</p><a id="_a769373b_393e_4b80_b50a_abbceda4f108"></a><a id="_bbbd82cf_8c7e_468d_8b92_446f044603d6"></a><a id="Tc_s-Lh86U6w0GvsrJpPe9tsA_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_aBRu57T0kkCYa1aINjPjTw_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_S4Z3At_PoUy6pkLqY7kjtQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_mKiuZJ5ogU-p9cOca8YQTg_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_7dBnFF6ocE6Nvks-Am4RNg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_0R2AvQ_2LkCEVQywGUdkow_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_yC8SZol92Ey7OOwPRxU9DQ_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_pffK79GlqEScb96bd025yg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_YKonzPS060e8j3W85bQLmg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_waA8L7FLBUOoTk7Xc8hJyA_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_bhZcE9ach0GfXqyJnDYecA_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_J2oJ_0osnE2FHjJnj2HSxw_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_HZ44HA3IEky1jpwQcdQlYA_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_DD0fXA6YB0O0e77y6wO9IQ_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_4DpD6-9k7k20ixWuPQ1Bkw_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_6k5lXmmz-kS8zTpSh0ZqQA_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_545SDyUwIUC1fqmFS2woLg_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_qJzjk3AfgUizl28I69RBIA_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_o6Q7o1ykkECwsYaLo_JPYg_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_0okn7kfA90ONtYV87pvAWQ_16_2"></a><a id="Tc_iEUFc-fpGEmpc2fXYm3SZg_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_Rj7ZT3cEkUiaIenRIbRGDw_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_DqiW6nPgZkW2IMuAvLix5Q_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_tPevXHrt90uhjw2pcs8LXg_19_2"></a><a id="Tc_biiJGRi-z0Wy5SUjHLN-MQ_20_0"></a><a id="Tc_pfKfj0NtVk-l7Ubq040PbQ_21_0"></a><a id="Tc_g-P8mhG8C02IZkWoITaRqQ_22_0"></a><a id="Tc_TRFDIYTpMECGUYxHlYmu0A_23_0"></a><a id="Tc_ln2i96llo06rQfXljuWZ1g_24_0"></a><a id="Tc_RTrZjfKd3kWy7DcEsnRz_A_25_0"></a><a id="Tc_MzPmpC_b7UyL20UBHCxFsA_26_0"></a><a id="Tc_nxEBx_tz9kitdKL7oks2Zw_26_2"></a><a id="Tc_m1VX56RXj02J2Xs_Gkakvg_26_4"></a><a id="Tc_R0iI36HDwkOUN4VT-D4Xjw_26_6"></a><a id="Tc_YdQa4Ri640-X8jOjMJS6JA_27_0"></a><a id="Tc_F7n9bTX4DUaf1me1WGyCiQ_28_0"></a><a id="Tc_AltGGCa6jk6ZS3n2ogBwYQ_29_0"></a><a id="Tc_CSMphkwQQkCTmmd_x3oTPg_30_0"></a><a id="Tc_EOdKgkfyiUGcR8IagLVXmA_31_0"></a><a 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Note</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">2(q)</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_nNng_9LQ3kOse833gHajVA_4_4">302,076</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_fidiKtuKakijz2eLuAHdrw_4_6">208,172</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc__ByIauYCXkyEGBB5zZq8Dw_4_8">229,990</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cost of revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" scale="3" id="Tc_D5JVtSXlzUCvwKtAqCKL_Q_5_4">174,209</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" scale="3" id="Tc_Rc2NkFvUakOjUStdPA4IKA_5_6">118,749</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" scale="3" id="Tc_G1nuw-xuMEqWWhADY4RiXA_5_8">123,335</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross profit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GrossProfit" scale="3" id="Tc_c9bS-OnXGUW-voRFUc3f4Q_6_4">127,867</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GrossProfit" scale="3" id="Tc_iPjQn5DCPE-e3SxhvsmDIw_6_6">89,423</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GrossProfit" scale="3" id="Tc_P7cGbfGURUKFHbVU3O1UKQ_6_8">106,655</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Operating expenses:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_zsMuESl3cEOPjdyRKD8Ldg_8_4">174,289</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_PbmVRs4cbEG29vw2f1yHvA_8_6">144,942</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_c-qJnhiliEeOhUBllFJEUQ_8_8">102,277</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Sales and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_z84cFLtiSkWYEpmFHTUt9w_9_4">75,384</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_AvqG0hGci0eJdXC7MpuEJQ_9_6">55,662</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_Qa6b-cOiVkaR2quzObmq1w_9_8">40,440</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_3mYLeqQCj0OPOpnfyKu-0w_10_4">71,589</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_GGh4YYS9QkGo3HODz8sAjQ_10_6">67,513</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_t8dc8YglTkabHLFrrU5OqQ_10_8">80,663</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other operating incomes, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" scale="3" id="Tc_ylIhPRV-eEeEsXEy9rZM4g_11_4">9,835</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" scale="3" id="Tc_DXcxOLXd2kee4NvppKj1dw_11_6">10,508</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" scale="3" id="Tc_rkJPzt8ov0-1HwnYEmVH7g_11_8">10,901</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Total operating expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="3" id="Tc_hIpYb79rx06zEVYJinxv4g_12_4">311,427</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="3" id="Tc_G44ijCJbG0Sla0ttXDMZNw_12_6">257,609</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="3" id="Tc_WWNS3bFsx0CLMq4fA7IImw_12_8">212,479</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Loss from operations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_Lg8ZAXuFvEyOuwID82CIrA_13_4">183,560</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_cLD9hghS10aJ9VrKusalJA_13_6">168,186</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_I_OibJrE20qrO-Y5Qosg6Q_13_8">105,824</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other income/(loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other non-operating incomes, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_xGtGe4Uxw02Amnu1--9qEQ_15_4">1,958</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_nspKLuQFQ0eDHBqzM3d7Bg_15_6">2,904</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_a9-tC6SaA0KhFCxXYEhLSg_15_8">3,113</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Financial income, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">14</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FinancialIncomeNet" scale="3" id="Tc_QRLcIqn5xUCwliNvPrgl4Q_16_4">7,286</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FinancialIncomeNet" scale="3" id="Tc_CBXcfQcUkESZ9WLFyuhl1g_16_6">18,546</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FinancialIncomeNet" scale="3" id="Tc_7i3RWjL9o0-6aUuaGtBIeQ_16_8">44,976</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Foreign exchange (loss)/gain, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_tDI9KJ4ZZkWay5y99ym8uw_17_4">618</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" scale="3" id="Tc_4R06Ek_Te0Ck2lJZh72cwQ_17_6">2,441</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" scale="3" id="Tc_bY96LTQzPkWqrMGZw9-FzQ_17_8">669</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Loss before income tax expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_BRvXIPHNs0eOA4DRCRQOJQ_18_4">174,934</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_fJbvhDR0D0SHUUBQC0fi7g_18_6">144,295</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_JFNVLd2nXki3oAmT8CDfRQ_18_8">57,066</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Income tax expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">18</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="3" id="Tc_c9uQ8cNfAkCApnCUcjcmyA_19_4">490</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="3" id="Tc_poIZWKJRoUWdN-YCVAIxXQ_19_6">1,880</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="3" id="Tc_5m4n25qmNkuUoqj1okHXBA_19_8">3,249</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_mGovJInLWEy6Lkl-BX_3pg_20_4">175,424</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_I21F7H9A0kSKyCZEDWhs6w_20_6">146,175</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_OiGVZRDTYk2tTai4mD2eMw_20_8">60,315</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_FE-7O25SREWJDiQYAQsxrg_21_4">175,424</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_EHDWtq6arkKnpnrEyYej1Q_21_6">146,175</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_0WMbQZpmTkmpz8HMoMmw_g_21_8">60,315</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_JBXafCvzpEWDFm74wkDfww_22_4">175,424</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_d5sCmT4ZP060uw7bV55dYw_22_6">146,175</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_2lebMeHpRki7oAwE8n628w_22_8">60,315</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_WBR_dxnu6Eyrq5kN-6TAHA_23_4">175,424</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_1CXMVyJ0YEStdcmfqAf3cQ_23_6">146,175</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_yewi9pzzhkuGIyGH_fSrdg_23_8">60,315</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Other comprehensive income/(loss)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Changes in fair value of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" scale="3" id="Tc_KhwHU58AKU26At6R5XUQjw_25_4">357</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_3GHGuXU41kSwHANN-O_PSg_25_6">9,493</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_6BzmuWllo0qacnV3i2rrzg_25_8">7,791</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Transfer out of fair value changes of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">9</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="3" id="Tc_TOVFDwkFjUC6Gto7-y94mg_26_8">15,537</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Foreign currency translation</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="3" id="Tc_Bvx-UTihwEWH_PDbb-2EcA_27_4">1,482</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_JtvBKkWmlkObpvYnIQh9Kw_27_6">14,942</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_gXkmYYG19E2VzdT1OmHDsw_27_8">2,722</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total comprehensive loss attributable to Tuya Inc.</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_XDWmjuqNgEGg4QAcWjgSQQ_28_4">173,585</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_swOAvXp53UmQPW77xhg_sg_28_6">170,610</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_gsy-64Ru8U6oqR2U6_J5PQ_28_8">55,291</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_Itiuym179UK4U6FTcTmk9w_29_4">175,424</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_5BktTXkPiEm9oOL5mwTl-Q_29_6">146,175</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_YVsMfHbddUWNGGhDaB5rPg_29_8">60,315</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_78VpxTDiekmRNJTQaYEDIg_30_4">175,424</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_jYI7a6RJ0ky4QXBAstquzg_30_6">146,175</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_apy59lUMKUyLI-ieUNC-4g_30_8">60,315</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">19</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_8-ljxB83lkKLfrFzJCs5Zw_31_4"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_8-ljxB83lkKLfrFzJCs5Zw_31_4_2">489,149,533</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_niNVo6am9Um6da8KBUcgiw_31_6"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_niNVo6am9Um6da8KBUcgiw_31_6_2">553,527,529</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_brKbKvpAe0i5WGgSzjqDaw_31_8"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_brKbKvpAe0i5WGgSzjqDaw_31_8_2">555,466,061</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders-basic and diluted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">19</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_F-1SKti7IEW2mZLQOn13yA_33_4"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_F-1SKti7IEW2mZLQOn13yA_33_4_2">0.36</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_sIiPh-iq1ESRNBHww0VQag_33_6"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_sIiPh-iq1ESRNBHww0VQag_33_6_2">0.26</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_3LfurVB9RkOiIEqffppwhg_33_8"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_3LfurVB9RkOiIEqffppwhg_33_8_2">0.11</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Share-based compensation expenses were included in:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_tuQ6yt272U2N7grAMV8Zfw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_V-9hkvIz5k2CDDIVx3P8yQ_36_4">14,542</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_ZxWt70PsuE6IHFm6x9uKVg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_tAMbKhRRGkW2-o9mk83Wgw_36_6">14,692</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_5ntSuae6lEG6kTXmDlF27Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_rMhprAe3VUyVgAY_ed4oFQ_36_8">14,734</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Sales and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_HROIkuF7fkqwihFOnfC3Hw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_GzQvVOhKHE2qckQBuYce8g_37_4">6,702</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_9XSTWlrHAU-EHEKLBLugXg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_NvJLGVlCq0G4jL4MCUHYig_37_6">6,825</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_w7KVI9JLv0usb557uuJPwA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_gTFVyMnTYUSXhSqgpGM4rA_37_8">5,446</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_qbRH4VXEo0SvPr4aje55-Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_3BnRI61XR0uKVi11hbRTxA_38_4">44,845</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_NXcCzKGkFESt1-WzMFpZuA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_E5k3GOAOHE6M0j6sp7WsYg_38_6">47,502</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_GnSgJlZhCEuEkbFHrKTYBw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_6XltWTm9cUCB5D4EdxCsSQ_38_8">45,036</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-5</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_b8411f01_d642_4a1b_b63a_367151b7bcde"></a><a id="CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCHANGESINSHAREHO"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; (DEFICIT)/EQUITY</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">FOR THE&#160;YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#8220;US$&#8221;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)</p><a id="_b527ab5c_ad9e_4039_8ca5_856ee723211c"></a><a id="Tc_aebe3ISuj0K9IKwVquS0sA_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_Tj_myfPyCkWT9anrQjfhtg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_k1ZrfzWeYUibIUSj0N7M4A_2_10"></a><a id="Tc_ZHPpT830J0mfr_tWVZKLjA_2_14"></a><a id="Tc_yupFqp029UGohn_MYmm53g_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_7rByiP8-ZkCHqq0BMYCw6Q_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_6aenmiorpUOlDimO4LGxNQ_3_10"></a><a id="Tc_GWbaGjY7zUiU8zYqmWsWZg_3_14"></a><a id="Tc_ruOIgh3Nhk-wPMu21An5sg_3_18"></a><a id="Tc_du7a_GckX0KLrrSxgND_pw_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_mgqIbVH5d0ukpodcjIV88w_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_SCtcjxOkskKHFDfddU5Dig_4_10"></a><a id="Tc_kycFNvx2qU2TBZicaYMDZg_4_14"></a><a id="Tc_To4kILdvbkCo3gFVdLsAoQ_4_16"></a><a id="Tc_PlZzMNZlyEi1PpuJ5r4Mtg_4_18"></a><a id="Tc_vMo3mLvU40ChcxZhQnbTlA_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_FVCyToo4uU6hITWtALgpTg_5_6"></a><a 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style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.35%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_7loNUiT8uUeZDOQM2pCA4g"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_8map_IIS9U-zYHlRrcXfwA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_jhpNP93ZdUGBvEtfeMknZQ">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Treasury stock</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Additional</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">paid-in</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">comprehensive</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shareholders&#8217;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">capital</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.71%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.28%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">income</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.35%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">deficit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(deficit)/equity</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Note</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" scale="3" id="Tc_eCidZDAN20uTmk1L1g0W5w_9_18">200,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Conversion of redeemable preferred shares </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">16</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">15</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.35%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 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contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_uRiYOnOLkE-wHVMKfiKZ7g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_t0LhcnXii0iuYqFLQMF1QQ_18_12">46,930</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.28%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_FdPBV2Bhv0ahUXqurD4BQQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_6NCXIQNhC0anJX-A27DHHw_18_14">2,320</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.35%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_ZyiJkKprxkyB8BuvTeBqTw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_V86RbornA0uY1AWqZEVW_w_18_16">367,898</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-6</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; (DEFICIT)/EQUITY (CONTINUED)</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#8220;US$&#8221;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_085f04b2_4be6_4be6_ac05_0eb910bf773c"></a><a id="Tc_Ea-2bT3CsUaY379fKJ8shQ_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_tqqw8Oyl-0u_a0sFCDp8Tg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_E3s3y56ybUey5jQT1j-h4A_2_10"></a><a id="Tc_s4gpBn8LNkecMeMavn-NbQ_3_14"></a><a id="Tc_vCSCnzzZk0Sm1Xu8wMUsCw_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_BGVRLMMwSUydmLZYq6vL-g_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_9bIpLWg3gEyZD9MrwU25dA_4_10"></a><a id="Tc_NvDK_MeBzUKWtmSWbb-sdg_4_14"></a><a id="Tc_Ox-rz1iBmE26W4Nkm56HNg_4_18"></a><a id="Tc_MDSTuTreuUihGqDZ6v4oWw_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_en5cW9M9dkaVnJx9Aitzag_5_8"></a><a id="Tc_4PBmQeBn60evpIa5FsxyOg_5_10"></a><a id="Tc_-PEIDh2g3Uud2ssgKdC-Pw_5_14"></a><a 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style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary shares </b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.57%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_hpEQw3erBE6T1d74DaPlYw"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_F62lMOs8YEKBUCQqhQrX6Q"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_2JKy0bumcUSbZZJ4WIT6BQ">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></b><b style="font-weight:bold;"> par value)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.78%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Treasury&#160;stock</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Additional&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">other&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">paid-in&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">of&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">comprehensive&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shareholders&#8217;&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">equity</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Note</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Georgia';">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_LxbFahCWvUGBcZEmpm42PA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_7GJLPW-fo0u_QONGdKB1ow_8_4">571,246,560</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_LxbFahCWvUGBcZEmpm42PA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_HYFkiflT0Emlb5PqtIgNkg_8_6">29</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_F1FCK2B9QE-ulH1GwGSoog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_CFqmoPV2OkSA3ZlQ6lcG8w_8_8">1,526,140</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_uRiYOnOLkE-wHVMKfiKZ7g" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonShares" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_i9h1eWzIn02zmAiNFJlywg_8_10">11,604,808</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_uRiYOnOLkE-wHVMKfiKZ7g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_6v-wmXnRJEidsW2EIDhuuQ_8_12">46,930</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_FdPBV2Bhv0ahUXqurD4BQQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_UWzGPT_ypUiWbT_W5L1pqA_8_14">2,320</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_ZyiJkKprxkyB8BuvTeBqTw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_1zWKgYQaSkuJWOKOa-soiQ_8_16">367,898</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_h2h9Im9Nh0SGIs-LpLDTiA_8_18">1,113,661</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Repurchase of ordinary shares </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">15</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_s5lYKZuOTEedOf7Tk24qMQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_0ECjAXnY90e8hY-leDRE_g_9_10">18,839,849</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue" scale="3" id="Tc_9Kw0xtkm_0yfUZMkAfU9jg_9_18">59,631</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Exercise of share option and vested restricted share unit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_KA6jALb5LkKC8a1AXF6qDw" decimals="-3" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" scale="3" id="Tc_ZM2ZRzIa6Ui8tGUgNhsGdQ_10_18">1,039</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Issuance of ordinary 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_OWwD5Zu3a0mqUkW5vhvr5w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" scale="0" id="Tc_s8Cz_VoW3kKQeSHYQZkCEg_11_4">7,300,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_KA6jALb5LkKC8a1AXF6qDw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" scale="3" id="Tc_aUUwwIs5xk-7jtei-BuPMQ_11_8">8,689</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_CY_PIxCkuECMk99Wv58t6g" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonShares" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_eowvCmOxfkiMQGo-Jn4tcw_16_10">25,596,331</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_CY_PIxCkuECMk99Wv58t6g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_WfKozVhxbkG6Ok5d9KU2rw_16_12">86,438</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_CGsJom0HqU6rybPORi3z-A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc__8mXo25-V0ax-IoIhLheZw_16_14">22,115</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_AQXZuj0VvU-AA5dJ0OvDPQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_51mwCuRYSECAa5GkkQqalg_16_16">514,073</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.88%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_wLlmPt5v4kilVHDHJQjFvg_16_18">962,167</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-7</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; (DEFICIT)/EQUITY (CONTINUED)</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#8220;US$&#8221;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_8b9250d6_c874_483b_a10f_76cc680791d8"></a><a id="Tc_D8G_NSxSYEGdb6eWiOVgqA_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_kWzL690jQU-QxCjxkJa5HQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_pPiTOzVM7UyblpvGMPi2ew_2_10"></a><a id="Tc_HN2_DPG2e02HgpJ8dbw3jw_3_14"></a><a id="Tc_eXOWoTZPxk6mnbzxGHfQ5A_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_H_gbqRquIkW9Y8JcJYAdUw_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_RKQocP3qG0iLE8h5v7KaMg_4_10"></a><a id="Tc_pTeeZ9-SAkqqEGlMJBUiPA_4_14"></a><a id="Tc_vWqxF28-l0i3VMoOEpWxeA_4_18"></a><a id="Tc_cJgAmDyRP0GjnF6ciGksoQ_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_dAc7NXtSdkSwCUQ1QuHm8w_5_8"></a><a id="Tc_0nVa7m8_Gk6YJMm6wW-u1g_5_10"></a><a id="Tc_D4XmBCP6jkmfsWKTduLfrQ_5_14"></a><a 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:31.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary&#160;shares&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:31.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_ZXICCNIpcUSvnB7LH5emlw"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_OVvnMHbphEWdA4C8sTbKEQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_epXXrL_a-EeYzkyx6g3E2w">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Treasury&#160;stock</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:31.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:31.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Additional&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total&#160;&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:31.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;of&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">paid-in</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">of&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;comprehensive&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shareholders&#8217;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:31.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;capital</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">loss</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">deficit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">equity</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:31.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Note</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:31.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;border-bottom:1px solid 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contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_RestatementAxis_srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAdjustedBalanceMember_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_RXPfyMoJ8EiwWiy-8Cvqpw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_gfv0kIzgT0mZBKM4prlWGA_11_14">22,115</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_RestatementAxis_srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAdjustedBalanceMember_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_zyv10ccBbUqFpeTAmiN6Sw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_mto5EXPdLEy42sUFFXncFQ_11_16">514,533</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" 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0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">15</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 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unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_9q0vDr0WbUm2srvU5q66Jg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_r_5I_Jv8K0acBlAEPoxlnQ_12_10">1,200,794</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_9q0vDr0WbUm2srvU5q66Jg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue" scale="3" id="Tc_ZSqS3sG3ck-UjBt4UIF4XA_12_12">2,254</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue" scale="3" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_UeLJCkCR70GZPFFekCV_6A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_dI4ZV3ftJ0aK7rkdMkQglA_13_8">27,361</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_9q0vDr0WbUm2srvU5q66Jg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" id="Tc_63G-mUvKBUu9-7KDJssCJA_13_10">6,047,833</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_9q0vDr0WbUm2srvU5q66Jg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" scale="3" id="Tc_B3dMFWuo8EyFMWBonqMUlg_13_12">28,548</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" scale="3" id="Tc_LXsANuWqlkaLa9mVU2EmEA_13_18">1,187</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:31.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cancellation of Treasury stock</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">15</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_O1WIHbIrIkm0DGU_khoEUw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesRetired" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_rjjSgECR5kuOgQBuOWPaAg_14_4">3,953,961</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_OZP7J7l670SuXmVzDKI3xQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_SoNghpYuhk21g-S5J9Ovuw_18_14">2,722</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_z3j_Fmm3MUGmgUZTXs_NRg_18_18">2,722</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:31.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share-based compensation</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_UeLJCkCR70GZPFFekCV_6A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1" scale="3" id="Tc_u-NL3A-fZUaGGBrIm5cKNA_19_8">65,216</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_jfhNeT-jRE2PnAvDvvwxwA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_5jvJM44yDUyIGOWlWQONSg_20_4">574,592,599</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.54%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_jfhNeT-jRE2PnAvDvvwxwA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_Tlpx1itRwE25sVzgKiWqsA_20_6">29</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_2qGAiCnV5ECBy12e8lzytQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_-gdlWkqti0GFFMwiwSN1vg_20_8">1,616,105</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.24%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_lQOmPovbq0CQ5sw8mdMmiQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonShares" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_hipPIQWPnkWYfd4Yk_wNyg_20_10">16,795,331</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.75%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_lQOmPovbq0CQ5sw8mdMmiQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_l6TjOwt4AUOyBfGSUe4oHg_20_12">53,630</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.93%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_GNjqb_jGW0uBbNZx_XmWWQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_EEtnm6f39E-8NoBg83aVpA_20_14">17,091</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_1Gl8goB6J0msfS8iSci1Bw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_aVeVAumWt0OxI1G2_YY_MQ_20_16">574,848</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.56%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_NloDonMD_EanlYe5qYBOoQ_20_18">970,565</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-8</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_72e61299_cd73_4125_b292_cb1bc68db1fd"></a><a id="CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCASHFLOWS_934185"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">FOR THE&#160;YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#8220;US$&#8221;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)</p><a id="_c1201292_0dca_45d2_8918_ebd685820e5c"></a><a id="Tc_Ftbb_5A-YEuT3JzuT4ZTYQ_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_2Lq_dd64Wkik9PqkEljRmw_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_lOiuRIpL9kyFFzkbZ1-Ulg_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_JGmJ7nFvN0WtoR0agpURFg_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_eysI0IHFtkWRxXMIA7Csqw_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_T9Ws_HRY50u7wRUckiAcnQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_bkbK1qVcC0qnn6-PJnY3iA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_fdhW_SCjTESG-Xa6bVORJg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_cj0T_lX9nUef_4wS4tbqrw_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_kIDq5xSFmkSD8tlAFqPXzQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_PndVJdsuDESq1Oy_06iT4A_7_2"></a><a id="Tc_Uu870wMOqUGaTVQz7WWgtA_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_KxJaQUEhd0iPaubOiQLa0w_8_2"></a><a id="Tc_zgzhB0pGmkGemBsrR4gSqg_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_o4iwEg8dL0a9icO_lh_gXw_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_3LIBPF5UEEu6TKnD82pfIw_10_2"></a><a id="Tc_4vOsAwpjbkCpH67X9K8cfA_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_y4qymfDPdE-EScsw7PGIOA_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_fiQxHsoFOUa55QrcidnCCw_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_cF3LqWGFgEGwulU2ZNd02A_13_4"></a><a id="Tc_jmVrQevqXk6SiW07O8BLMQ_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_DOBASShYf0KhdvT6xcHnfQ_14_2"></a><a id="Tc_e3eITi8TzEmx1TMYfdCQ2Q_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_B70YRZn3X0alStS0nus2hQ_15_2"></a><a id="Tc_fDBiEl9GpE6O_ja22zgN5A_15_4"></a><a id="Tc_jOyIWS95QEWnJYTYpSnSmA_15_6"></a><a id="Tc_54tRi-7EE0yQqaz83WJCfA_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_woeDbmTfaUiFbNl421Trpg_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_TLl7X4ZLvUuDnxiiN5E4-w_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_jPQOfL7P0kaYb0oZ7oVtAA_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_Hs0nXIbToEO_vMyZTAQZpg_20_0"></a><a id="Tc_vRgdyFap00aEAsrFMO5_jA_21_0"></a><a id="Tc_dkE6KEi66EiqOiknf__LSw_22_0"></a><a id="Tc_vWQ_-okfu0aILRPY4ZGrog_23_0"></a><a id="Tc_fTWNYfBke0ugRiCBu24AgA_24_0"></a><a id="Tc_JZgh9MIZwkGwYrjZ5YlVCA_25_0"></a><a id="Tc_sncMs6eQxUebDUVwJasr2g_26_0"></a><a id="Tc_-9d9KE5ZdUCmn_5k6fL1uQ_26_6"></a><a id="Tc_vZi1gm2RsUWudPAgb6r_Yg_27_0"></a><a id="Tc_p48zv9QD70u7ObH8u4Z-4g_28_0"></a><a id="Tc_WjXT8xKKmU6CEajywvHsng_29_0"></a><a id="Tc_vV8MM3r3HEqVr1Ge5tJFdQ_30_0"></a><a id="Tc_No3uQ3BBV0ClNsmglfzifw_31_0"></a><a id="Tc__s9v2GFrE0exYlyLoJUP1g_32_0"></a><a id="Tc_Np5K6sWIykW5DH61KGeBAg_33_0"></a><a id="Tc_OYieF5cZ-UCeZ6Xa7-LzgA_34_0"></a><a id="Tc_lb1m87W6gUWpgHFG8uUnig_35_0"></a><a id="Tc_h6QHZHXyfUiTHtJiITNapg_36_0"></a><a id="Tc_c3tPAgf3ckCs2e3vUqR7_Q_36_6"></a><a id="Tc_Rewm9KqzTEqkj21XQTuVuw_36_8"></a><a id="Tc_iXWPTDyXA0O0YG1RtD43Dg_37_0"></a><a id="Tc_cF-vUbML1Em6CafvGH6q4A_37_6"></a><a id="Tc_HpFl9eWZ3E-viU_zcH6nPw_37_8"></a><a id="Tc_tmEzNF5pFESa0kAphm3fPQ_38_0"></a><a id="Tc_dq1czSqV90GuiYjbfEr-Mg_39_0"></a><a id="Tc_y7Se-vrTPUKu8dPvrfLNjA_39_4"></a><a id="Tc_qbdvMwiaJkqop1gh4SGs9Q_39_8"></a><a id="Tc_VdCaAO08CEy8Q9-cMCZSkg_40_0"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28.31%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash flows from operating activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Note</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Net loss</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_FuMGwRvcCEyPPMhtqejrrg_4_4">175,424</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_G7Uq_Fd9LkeTlg1PvsPTeA_4_6">146,175</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_oZL9ipo2SEq5LfXM0NFFng_4_8">60,315</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash generated from operating activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Share-based compensation</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="3" id="Tc_Hqh7ZRhFxUSUAedLIk8OaA_6_4">66,089</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="3" id="Tc_3CsC1HTnlk2TS1wpfnMi_w_6_6">69,019</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="3" id="Tc_9RshoobmyUOZ7VHKhxl1Ow_6_8">65,216</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">8</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" scale="3" id="Tc_W0NEBzamC0O_ixyqDwGKvg_7_4">3,369</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" scale="3" id="Tc_63ciEzUFDkKyEp9X2TNgXw_7_6">3,443</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" scale="3" id="Tc_L_az43Jg0kGlK_IEeBiWlw_7_8">2,449</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Amortization of right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">10</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization" scale="3" id="Tc_UgEtnJMnuk6ZPC-9nJfU_g_8_4">6,981</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization" scale="3" id="Tc_7nU1iInbK0aApZkSHCB0MA_8_6">4,766</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization" scale="3" id="Tc_txmp8Jz9VE-MlpZxk3pkCA_8_8">4,100</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Allowance for doubtful receivables / allowance for credit <br/>losses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal" scale="3" id="Tc_8J4BoRGIyUSRNUPW1CJN4A_9_4">1,030</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal" scale="3" id="Tc_vPETMeiv9k-TXrpePgB_IQ_9_6">288</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal" scale="3" id="Tc_r1uJ4pgEfUq_pn15uEo-aw_9_8">1,595</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Inventory write-downs</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">6</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" scale="3" id="Tc_DCs6tsAqck6xAeo-5pgiIw_10_4">1,806</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" scale="3" id="Tc_qvNap-17c0ecO2m0KKNXDg_10_6">4,067</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" scale="3" id="Tc_LaXQRa2oUUij3bDyJ6JwOg_10_8">3,298</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Loss/(gain) on disposal of property, equipment and software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_pcTRAhj-sUe8Yf8qbagA0w_11_4">365</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" scale="3" id="Tc_bxAInxJcb0io0J5qlk7DPg_11_6">219</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" scale="3" id="Tc_ZypBQ4FkeU-p2YuqkTKeoA_11_8">221</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Loss/(gain) on foreign currency exchange rates</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_vQN3jY1BTkenKx_nU7lLaw_12_4">618</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" scale="3" id="Tc_UsIAmByRlEyPBYDichP1-g_12_6">2,441</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" scale="3" id="Tc_Q3WiRvNiT0ymy0p2714MLQ_12_8">669</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Investment loss/ (gain)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_hTFERzztT0SjTYSNGKk5IA_13_6">2,167</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_b6Wr9oavQEqh_1C8XuUwSw_13_8">697</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Fair value change on short-term and long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">14</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_Y00QGRh_bUKIYn60TmxRPw_14_4">833</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_UTEZTmm5HEScdf6nQEr-vw_14_6">7,449</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_uZwSIxZoqUCDLjA3zlZv_Q_14_8">76</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Impairment loss of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">9</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_tR0VrzT3r0Od3ItHKEoIvw_15_8">15,537</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash flows from operating activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Accounts receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" scale="3" id="Tc_Rkk6bZD8HU2H1aqu_5TXcg_18_4">23,430</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_qmb0lLQ-A0CzvzRSaXoqnw_18_6">20,241</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_-w05XR1f3k-87BVDatDlbA_18_8">1,046</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Notes receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInNotesReceivableCurrent" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_SjniOpzcHE-4kn_lqst1_g_19_4">7,733</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInNotesReceivableCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_tqo5FsLoVkCaOBL9cYdd-A_19_6">1,374</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInNotesReceivableCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_V1Oo0yhfS0aeq7cKss0QBQ_19_8">2,284</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Inventories</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" scale="3" id="Tc_rUyGk7hIMUuWfxaKUj_obg_20_4">22,121</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_fVOaXyIfAEW_pBa0eMFLeA_20_6">13,135</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_hABWfAdeP0WsEj6SUepqnQ_20_8">9,217</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" scale="3" id="Tc_4wZ0x0TH802przsav-sO7w_21_4">13,134</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_IppvnCLseUWvP3L4-_YnFw_21_6">8,893</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" scale="3" id="Tc_Klz5qscTO0m1FbkamPkZpg_21_8">1,251</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other non-current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" scale="3" id="Tc_dqgF6zFt9U-6zVa9_wYXRw_22_4">89</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_I7hEtr68X0uaPjgtrdnZ4g_22_6">639</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_2ted-J8LokW0q-1jEl4vZg_22_8">290</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Accounts payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_eLiSdHDijE-tmSxxyOr-xA_23_4">10,947</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_vYCa4dvQbE-6-D8MqKpK1Q_23_6">2,617</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade" scale="3" id="Tc_WdEXa4AdY0asp6t5KPww7A_23_8">1,982</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Advance from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers" scale="3" id="Tc_ddQxhkn3bkuW_l4ahq7kfg_24_4">4,010</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_a0-5hDnH6E6IOv9GCN-sbw_24_6">3,455</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers" scale="3" id="Tc_IUX8PBuZakaFyexsICva-w_24_8">4,143</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" scale="3" id="Tc_mqUSdgoKHUyWuyuUxlbxow_25_4">5,938</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_sX4h2veVbU6-YYj9fTjFyA_25_6">2,898</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" scale="3" id="Tc_Hz4eO8kqrku4nD9xkso-6Q_25_8">93</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Income tax payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_X0ln3AGPbk6cPd4QPPThcQ_26_4">159</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" scale="3" id="Tc_eR4dN4aA3EmruFohE-wzGQ_26_8">689</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Accruals and other payables</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_antgYk6hEESgB3o_X_uY0Q_27_4">19,109</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_bJSED3kya0SBhQQKrwpmRw_27_6">24,280</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_yO9RiS6jPUSgKUhecDBk8Q_27_8">1,372</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_rr75u04d90mWSCuvmzzB9Q_28_4">7,164</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_zA-3UFA5gkq8ss6CNeec9Q_28_6">4,924</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc___uQt5Dja0eZiOD-rQ2zgg_28_8">3,366</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other non-current liability</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_uEQPYTp3_kygVwUjRwwBpA_29_4">8,484</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_cwt_y_iqMU-oI_K3u4UCzw_29_6">1,480</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_8aIiHQMXekaAmAe42vVQBg_29_8">3,113</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_Pq4YzuiQzEKzS0Q54D97ZQ_30_4">126,103</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_KXhCTjkEAkWYWSArhFVeXg_30_6">70,654</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="3" id="Tc_OmCHQMxDUEKaIz0MEqjY2g_30_8">36,443</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash flows from investing activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Payment for short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_iR9LexoKLkKWYugTukFFcA_32_4">468,705</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_dcr7xJZrBUOaoM_Zkp_Z_A_32_6">1,257,697</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_IBWaCFWoT0ahvdOkitfVQA_32_8">327,244</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Proceeds from disposal of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_B4MB9-qwM02tIJ-UncPg9g_33_4">385,549</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_T8DuYnOdHEaaC2u5DTCb2A_33_6">543,790</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_gzdzI1GtnUCfCq2adqtvIg_33_8">853,703</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Purchase of property, equipment and software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets" scale="3" id="Tc_oO6FPiQ580yj5dZzizi5Lg_34_4">6,193</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets" scale="3" id="Tc_pFsmhEH2GUCCpZeouW1d1w_34_6">710</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets" scale="3" id="Tc_UZLeYPkV9E2aDQKqygT21Q_34_8">1,499</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Proceeds from disposal of property, equipment and software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets" scale="3" id="Tc_Y3DpR731wUe_bTpU8eWORA_35_4">28</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets" scale="3" id="Tc_t0Wn4Bk7oEyPHfxOnjplTg_35_6">464</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets" scale="3" id="Tc_8uu60DOJJE22eMJX5vdflQ_35_8">509</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Provision of bridge loans</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireLoansReceivable" scale="3" id="Tc_TXaiyOgctUi_5P_C_Z5xrg_36_4">2,930</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Loan repayment </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromCollectionOfLoansReceivable" scale="3" id="Tc_SNHQoka03kWN6VAJQq9aqg_37_4">628</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Payment for long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_s33VWH-WzEm_2JsjsEbIVw_38_4">21,334</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_YZ0-zt3rR0OFc8CVtLoq6Q_38_6">1,575</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_zL1aO44PTUyoRY18YxcI-Q_38_8">193,014</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Proceeds from other investing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_r1EpX3qXXkaHf93qy0pGag_39_6">1,503</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_u2YzpH-rtUy5Vzwz0r_3tg_40_4">112,957</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_VClRmXCDSUOeQSeaojqLxw_40_6">714,225</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" scale="3" id="Tc_h_FuqS0AG0SAnc6q3jlUWw_40_8">332,455</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-9</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">FOR THE&#160;YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#8220;US$&#8221;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)</p><a id="_97a7895d_d892_4897_85fc_44230e237152"></a><a id="Tc_z8-lVccCKkmuqZZNgAm5Bw_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_PWXjKbQCf0e0EbHAZv-4-g_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_mRlDiGK68Eq29QQigIbEyQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_TCpuMS5BIUSNkWqtqLOcQw_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_9quQYX3aEkqA853hR-J-Gw_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_4fXIfrqFJ0ClXBfd1k_gNw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_OGTSwOK1U06wI1J2_L2JPQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_RHEKjMKKTECVykYk0eFj-A_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_pU8fhj2Gs0WksMrjtwEr7Q_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZiPp35ZdrEO0rw3IfFecvA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_UK_aijokgkWlHMZyjdzU2w_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_39XvKXOZD0O9Ab_b3py3Lg_5_8"></a><a id="Tc_0nn4VLZzc0a87PHZ9rBv8A_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_fWkYkhOh7U6XqzU5o8p12Q_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_xCo5OHDcM0OdKbFKD1PQCQ_7_6"></a><a id="Tc_F7AN-ZYvz0yBeFpMGEzHJw_7_8"></a><a id="Tc_t5aWrJddj0qaqLbKj2iXQQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_mpTkHPSEsUCPBdWGRqdnBA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_pM3LUG8kSkiTZzAhpAlbNQ_9_4"></a><a id="Tc_rNng0cmYRUy1vcBfyTRYfQ_9_8"></a><a id="Tc_s3l-FEl86EStyoADGLV82g_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_GVQbOxWeSkq0cg_EPxg9yQ_10_4"></a><a id="Tc_bj2cWJ2U1kCgny9u5OKEUw_10_6"></a><a id="Tc_crzny0DS60mGMtJi3WLxjw_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_2LGckpYuAEK5H9pIuiO1-Q_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_A9THfIgP9Uq6MzHTUCFulQ_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_aUuVIvDJaES1PhHxan_PJw_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_TYgSz7sOT06AqqYCONEr6w_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_HjvAOVbyQkmf3gCnsvMCfA_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_UO667OH2gESRybgTFK7BvQ_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_Q_8CKR53p0ehX7d1MBaFcA_20_0"></a><a id="Tc_a5C8JmWt6kOJBRRIcLaOGw_21_0"></a><a id="Tc_n05dSw-boEyy5G3Nv6JjCw_21_6"></a><a id="Tc_vHlfZEGHeU2IS9GlfyXotg_21_8"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Note</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash flows from financing activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" scale="3" id="Tc_Jis8a4xrWkaPVFfEjX9Ojw_5_4">904,732</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Payment for repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock" scale="3" id="Tc_iGDJYE3HwEqwvuVbapLo5A_6_4">64,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock" scale="3" id="Tc_Eb05RSVoo0eToKUow1uK3Q_6_6">48,678</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock" scale="3" id="Tc_XT_Ltto_2UukLy5NoVHGew_6_8">3,339</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" scale="3" id="Tc_IVat_bp2dky_CJ0dt-ujtQ_7_4">200,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from exercise of share options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" scale="3" id="Tc_qWKRqVblIkSDXtTc7dKaQw_8_4">1,070</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" scale="3" id="Tc_1X9r34wZHkeZ2na0g81oUw_8_6">1,039</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" scale="3" id="Tc_JyhzMgdQ_0SCCLbIjhierw_8_8">1,187</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance" scale="3" id="Tc_awPRzWOmYk-l_WM_21ZCaQ_9_6">9,057</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Payments of deferred offering costs</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts" scale="3" id="Tc_SWmyY0fy90-hWLV2BXZTaw_10_8">71</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash generated from/ (used in) financing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" scale="3" id="Tc_YvU-kcJwMkuIHvfIKU2s6g_11_4">1,041,802</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_cidIxIInMUG14RVUMNN38w_11_6">38,582</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_ksr2agYOJUGnb4o9hVT5Vg_11_8">2,223</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" scale="3" id="Tc_xK9JhPa4zk2vtPSobTmmpg_12_4">2,879</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_df3stY9fv0GtL09O9Dozhg_12_6">7,954</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_AvNu12ZPVU2P2MuATIYgTg_12_8">1,148</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, </b><b style="font-weight:bold;"><br/></b><b style="font-weight:bold;">restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="3" id="Tc_NAUTAIQq-kawecPNmevv8w_13_4">805,621</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_JHCtWjIH3UGznGPetGMKkw_13_6">831,415</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="3" id="Tc_He1urkefYEWvQAg1YCL2EQ_13_8">365,527</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash at the beginning of year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="3" id="Tc_522MmR0YkUSzMKuW7LEI7w_14_4">158,955</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="3" id="Tc_DSJwZN88-k6uVEgTZ9Fn2w_14_6">964,576</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="3" id="Tc_FY31a2pfZkS1Z2Z6owGsqw_14_8">133,161</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash at the end of year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="3" id="Tc_MmC6sXBNEEGXf-Y3Aih9CQ_15_4">964,576</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="3" id="Tc_oArdswMwj0yKV4WewHZUow_15_6">133,161</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="3" id="Tc_fui1TuirakOCNdqJv3KRzw_15_8">498,688</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Supplemental cash flow disclosures</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Cash paid for income tax</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet" scale="3" id="Tc_4nAtlaYoykiWsQ3fjiQxxw_18_4">616</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet" scale="3" id="Tc_OyNKKhB8Ckq0_e5FGL7xjw_18_6">843</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet" scale="3" id="Tc_CFagee8k706gGfn6QRJmvg_18_8">2,819</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"><span style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Conversion from bridge loan into investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:11pt;font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ConversionFromBridgeLoanIntoInvestment" scale="3" id="Tc_KNz8t9bV8UG84XmOsiI7ZA_21_4">2,302</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_1918e4f3_3ca0_4ebb_8161_1efc4927c761"></a><a id="Tc_GBLdchu_wk60FS3OVviMIg_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_LKVuoFs4pk-Kz6629vV33Q_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_LdSSwchM9UOYJsUartqcXA_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_j5Zz3F-xwkeVjQ7yoPFJtA_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_o-cZ4YkNYkKUUijANlnTLQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_8WZecQqzCkaObJUnGxD5GQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_3JoDxeR-4E-VXU2KYkHStA_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_D63So3PzgUmdtVlikbZQpg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_cL1zEFHyzEGDjThB82-p8Q_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_ya8lso2M_Eec4WjQ_jrOxQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_YWUDO7NAz0GSC7eGBCpPhw_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_8nMT6f1unU6oUAS0EgAY4g_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_hJD12bm6xUiba-hecbSOmQ_5_8"></a><a id="Tc_yqRSKNv7zUKKapfFB1Suow_6_0"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">2(f)</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="3" 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0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="3" id="Tc_dkBiZgQE90-01TKesFwbKA_4_8">498,688</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">2(g)</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_jFHfHMG390yltvMha7xyPw_5_4">638</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="3" id="Tc_iT0pvIXUA0O9VVBKqhxpOA_6_4">964,576</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="3" id="Tc_HM-wff3uvEqsFi2cKzr69w_6_6">133,161</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="3" id="Tc_WRf63EsH60OuDtzyN7d7mQ_6_8">498,688</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-10</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_078778ab_4317_46a3_b8e9_9c9c6dafa6c0"></a><a id="NOTESTOTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENT"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">NOTES&#160;TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#8220;US$&#8221;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_aEH7BMLbn0KL0ev0Fg93Og" continuedAt="Tb_aEH7BMLbn0KL0ev0Fg93Og_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Organization and principal activities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Principal Activities</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Tuya&#160;Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on August&#160;28, 2014, as an exempted company with limited liability. The Company and its subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entity (&#8220;VIE&#8221;) (collectively referred to as the &#8220;Group&#8221;) are principally engaged in offering PaaS&#160;(Platform-as-a-Service)&#160;to business customers developing IoT (Internet of Things) devices, including brands and their OEMs (original equipment manufacturer). Also, the Group offers Industry SaaS&#160;(Software-as-a-Service)&#160;and cloud-based value-added services to its customers. The Group also sells finished smart devices powered by Tuya purchased from qualified OEMs (the &#8220;Smart device distribution&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;History of the Group</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Prior to the incorporation of Tuya Inc. in August 2014, the Group commenced its initial operations through Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd. (&#8220;Hangzhou Tuya Technology&#8221;), which was established on June 16, 2014 by Wang Xueji and another individual. After a series of agreements, Hangzhou Tuya Technology was owned by Wang Xueji and other four individuals (collectively, the &#8220;Registered Shareholders&#8221;) together with two unrelated investors of Series Angel financing (the &#8220;Non-Registered Shareholders VIE Investors&#8221;) by August 2014. In December 2014, Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (&#8220;the WFOE&#8221;) was established after the incorporation of Tuya Inc. The Group then entered into a series of contractual arrangements among the WFOE, Hangzhou Tuya Technology and Hangzhou Tuya Technology&#8217;s shareholders in December 2014, and thereafter Hangzhou Tuya Technology (the &#8220;VIE&#8221;) became the variable interest entity of the Group. After the completion of this transaction, the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE. In 2019, the VIE agreements were amended to modify the VIE&#8217;s shareholders list and equity interest of each shareholder as a result of the change in registered share capital of the VIE and the exit of Non-Registered Shareholders VIE Investors as the VIE&#8217;s shareholders. The contractual arrangements were further amended in January 2022. The amendments discussed herein did not impact the VIE accounting treatment discussed further in Note 2(b).</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-11</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_2374b142_a99d_4d2e_b75e_725f23dd91e5"></a><a id="Tc_kCD5ZtHxzU6S8NhGZzCqEg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_FAjFceCysk2yX3f_DYptRw_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_a1ZBgI4tUUO3vt_mmHE1bA_1_6"></a><a id="Tc_NaU0BCLGRUyoYYLB6Od2Dg_1_10"></a><a id="Tc_Gzk7U2uQq0yp6wcZZCvqoA_2_0"></a><a id="Tc_WaMVpsGiiEilcU3TQBK7ZA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_m_tWJe0qnEekvy336mioqQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_MslZQkaUl0eksgOuzqOKxA_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_zm0zwgGRBUWLRAeD0lro6Q_2_10"></a><a id="Tc_HTu_RSNyBUOkDt1ni4K6Ew_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_X3HrvbZQ60qolz4PDF7XjA_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_CKJkmGezJ0-epAgpMNUdOg_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_cNqmwl3Q6UC0iG7Jh6C2Lw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZQ3YSXxt4k6h2p11P0817A_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_dU0McW85RkyrE1rX4_bgfQ_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_pFk2ko-wlEmaAJamXsSkCw_5_7"></a><a id="Tc_fyKUVU0ah0qalfuHj_Mcyw_5_9"></a><a id="Tc_ETPnI7sdtEypz0M3JfVm7w_5_10"></a><a id="Tc_e8ne4BMHREOx_12z-eOsUA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_NAgUb83_EUW72bRcS4JaqA_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_mp4YyH2yKEOV7dEw853wZw_6_4"></a><a id="Tc_15-05WUYOEKtcI98wKOR7w_6_7"></a><a id="Tc_UGqclZ0ZUEq_MRURRfKOhQ_6_9"></a><a id="Tc_lw1guD5-ZkOusVNXdROvzg_6_10"></a><a id="Tc_ALevBv_VQUWmKncDeF8G-Q_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_EwXslozQlkiC73zlNNy28Q_7_2"></a><a id="Tc_VgkznE4tlk6J0Cz_QRkwLA_7_4"></a><a id="Tc_1mNJ0iApekGtPnji16nimQ_7_7"></a><a id="Tc_7TMYe8CFT0CbT6xTGKg-mA_7_9"></a><a id="Tc_YbwZ0IgO4ke-Zkw5f1UjZg_7_10"></a><a id="Tc_pjrY_IBrU0WpayffPghm7A_8_0"></a><a id="Tc__Fkw_0P00U-mbtpmiC5afg_8_2"></a><a id="Tc_EuOt21ki_UGHwlRlPHR6mA_8_4"></a><a id="Tc_RgI5TITUb06FLnPcDn_7ag_8_7"></a><a id="Tc_SaB4vzSGKE6kCb10GeWz6w_8_9"></a><a id="Tc_QEtFpGGjgkaro04qcoYtFg_8_10"></a><a id="Tc_d7geWmP5H0KGva4tFqwYpA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_aZ7A9vQQ_0-_WNjKlzH7NA_9_2"></a><a id="Tc_HjB-t3BFRUaQmc54qn91kw_9_4"></a><a id="Tc_WPL9bnGCEEWdq67SrFzYaA_9_7"></a><a id="Tc_mduA6oUt306bdpdKA4FWdw_9_9"></a><a id="Tc_L5_dp0g3N0q_FYWPiOD5dg_9_10"></a><a id="Tc_YW1VT67_RUCXGPKL3g1c7A_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_Q5a252sniEaBt_-ACmNjKA_10_2"></a><a id="Tc_q-R-Vsy0DUqmu2q_5cj2vg_10_4"></a><a id="Tc_tQL-0QtALkqeFMP_9PqcVg_10_7"></a><a id="Tc_8aRNulD3KE2EtCdvruxW_Q_10_9"></a><a id="Tc_rw4jdPOeiEazAtaO-JQF7w_10_10"></a><a id="Tc_4zPMqotWQ0aJ44vRVTJdlA_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_PJ6-jMY_w0KHJCKypOrT3w_11_2"></a><a id="Tc_tIWSXtWYWk2EwtlhzGZxjw_11_4"></a><a id="Tc_fY1G3YWvaUqwijJ4jTiZSQ_11_7"></a><a id="Tc_AkBfzWZC5kWcY-pIXXOUcw_11_9"></a><a id="Tc_VIB4CkcRokSYXWXPwhJYhg_11_10"></a><a id="Tc_1kPOlQ21TEWDC98-NFWIyw_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_CwmK8VmypU6LSPa6x53ZNg_12_2"></a><a id="Tc_fnx2DHHKjUyFKm3mI9-hew_12_4"></a><a id="Tc_NgviOPtuI0yovcdkbaSs1w_12_7"></a><a id="Tc_iP0RIBhvVk2FVmZqK4O1lg_12_9"></a><a id="Tc_ozR7VS9rME6rmDKXWKfSnA_12_10"></a><a id="Tc_2Ie9jV6atkq2PcJridkPIQ_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_IHpSXjxxiUKqKXt1JRolng_13_2"></a><a id="Tc_b54C-CAwS0iZgwCnlWqMXQ_13_4"></a><a id="Tc_B23-BRFagEeAMCru-voQFg_13_7"></a><a id="Tc_IjX_2dBlz0GWHHjJylUTOQ_13_9"></a><a id="Tc_ysPOtJcLjEGWY1yjoy2T2A_13_10"></a><a id="_982c1648_1429_4800_8ccc_b4813773ecf4"></a><a id="Tc_eQo4M6vHskG1w1ZwJfbaOA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_fnGyPml3uUektQQ49W9_OQ_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_UmhFiS9OM0y3zFNpD5UDmQ_1_6"></a><a id="Tc_39rYX407DUik8fo906SXZg_1_10"></a><a id="Tc_vj8FUKs99k2RJTIZcKz47w_2_0"></a><a id="Tc_BEYX9173RkO1xqKXH52ibA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_l2MallIPhkKs2PIrm-LYNA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_I5PBcK-Je0ym2n83zb0eSA_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_cEWoEaZtDU6GSnzb81W2eQ_2_10"></a><a id="Tc_UEBf2Sl74Ui6NOqS3xj6LA_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_H4rCRwbrDECPhPya2mwZYg_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_hIpFkiM1IkmuNynslNQ3Jw_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_2BDJvp6D2USq-wyIhhC4MA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_q4F0Sb7PukiDw7djkk_UtQ_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_jkuAAk32rEW3w_lZFzC11Q_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_1y4ny2BwFkC2G1p6Mfa61Q_5_7"></a><a id="Tc_-gPUWO0_uEChDLOU1EC3CQ_5_9"></a><a id="Tc_46HEtx3m30-pZk-MJA32mg_5_10"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_aEH7BMLbn0KL0ev0Fg93Og_cont1"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock" id="Tb_xewgANfEIEuNxnopcdpwUQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s principal subsidiaries and consolidated VIE are as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Place&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Percentage of&#160;direct</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Principal</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Name of subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">incorporation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">incorporation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">or&#160;indirect ownership</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">activities</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December 31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td 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unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_OwnershipAxis_tuya_HangzhouTuyaTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_Y6Z7rT-kOESsdBE3_lIr9g" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" id="Tc_34YzK1CF8US3YEwA4cZVrw_5_8">100</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">No substantial business</p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">The VIE operated de minimis business activities and had no material impact on the Company&#8217;s financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</span></p></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-12</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Principal Accounting Policies</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_gMsY4RR670a1u4smNSvbVA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of Preparation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Principal accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_RmT6z3L8eUe3G_lwcovYeA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of Consolidation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, and the VIE have been eliminated upon consolidation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">A subsidiary is an entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly: (1)&#160;controls more than one half of the voting power; (2)&#160;has the power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; (3)&#160;casts a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors; or (4)&#160;governs the financial and operating policies of the investee under a statute or agreement among the shareholders or equity holders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company applies the guidance codified in Accounting Standard Codification 810, Consolidations (&#8220;ASC 810&#8221;) on accounting for the VIE, which requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity in which it has a controlling financial interest. A VIE is an entity with one or more of the following characteristics: (a)&#160;the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support; (b)&#160;as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack the ability to make certain decisions, the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns, or (c)&#160;an equity investor has voting rights that are disproportionate to its economic interest and substantially all of the entity&#8217;s activities are on behalf of the investor.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:UseOfEstimates" id="Tb_Pst-gb6vS0yFyh6GtOqyiQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Use of Estimates</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The preparation of the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, long-lived assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Accounting estimates reflected in the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to impairment provision for inventories, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, stand-alone selling prices (SSP) for each distinct performance obligation, the valuation of ordinary shares, share-based compensation, long-term investments, and the determination of allowance for current expected credit losses. Estimates are based on historical experiences and on various assumptions that the Group believes are reasonable under current circumstances. Given the changes in circumstances, facts and experience may cause the Group to revise its estimates, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_Jrr6XTKeWEmOjsK3Ee_9MQ" continuedAt="Tb_Jrr6XTKeWEmOjsK3Ee_9MQ_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-13</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont2"><ix:continuation id="Tb_Jrr6XTKeWEmOjsK3Ee_9MQ_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Translation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group uses United States dollar as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated in Cayman Islands and Hong Kong is the United States dollar, while the functional currency of the Group&#8217;s other subsidiaries and VIE is their respective local currency as determined based on the criteria of ASC 830,&#160;<i style="font-style:italic;">Foreign Currency Matters</i>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are re-measured into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Financial assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are re-measured at the balance sheet date exchange rate. The resulting exchange differences are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as foreign exchange related gains or loss.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The financial statements of the Group&#8217;s entities using functional currency other than US$ are translated from the functional currency to the reporting currency, US$. Assets and liabilities of the Group&#8217;s subsidiaries incorporated in PRC are translated into US$ at fiscal year-end exchange rates, while income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during each period presented, representing the index rates stipulated by the People&#8217;s Bank of China. Translation adjustments arising from these are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of shareholders&#8217; equity on the consolidated financial statements.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_3Hyiz8IoC0mNSQYNQy4qfQ" continuedAt="Tb_3Hyiz8IoC0mNSQYNQy4qfQ_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Fair Value Measurements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument&#8217;s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-14</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_d796d6d9_c3b6_4702_893c_1825bf355120"></a><a id="Tc_qjTm4qkioEKB6WTRSkzV2A_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_fwbNMW4urUKE4azeUkOKrA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_T9UEAELtKU-nfpQLRN-gqQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_fDt0Z7ftc0qR3FTpscSKdw_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_Cb7w3Z9FzUGDFr4ZwXdgxA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_YpjmChtbE0qxzU7fOSwmxQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_a-c3sgn2FEaZ4n1NbRwb_A_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_GAdBEBwXT0KFD9PEygA3EA_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_k3jdetZHokS3EUUPnKbz2g_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_OjdnxDOgYEeNRTtDf9ukfg_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_5jwUfDtcI0eXL--j79Rr-A_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_xvdP3JDNBEK0K4_KWVjq1w_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_8QLAd9WKFEaHXnSf7N7aJA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_kFj4FIxHPU2092tXR8Y-oA_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_3W-X3H0YO0CQeyM47EX-fA_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_SIeOyXqD7EiNdn4FOcQE2A_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_RAJPrZLGIkWMpKqxz8yTtw_5_8"></a><a id="Tc_gRcoUCoXzUyYD1RCc1mxww_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_BoLXjMK0KE2CIHptkWwaWw_6_4"></a><a id="Tc_8gRXj-5aYU64fySHskasJA_6_6"></a><a id="Tc_4x9K8mnJUk-FIGCD_bBF0g_6_8"></a><a id="Tc_AnzJ16qNKkSl84_zxJuDEg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_MNxAjwyrOkq7wdGB4wTSPQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_gUfWjglDsUOoFeqaCzM2Jg_8_8"></a><a id="Tc_BcxUTBWKyUqc7V1G5pv45g_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_MY6Xy3cx-UWgLgKx3pZOSQ_9_4"></a><a id="_e0166550_14c5_4046_b684_a8a100a4626b"></a><a id="Tc_irq6o0J0FEi34Z4_Ib6Bpw_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_G7t22DxGWEisHoC3aXpPcg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_fmPaFN6qAEuJkFm_J3Nvbg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_eQpdVqNXVECrJWCvTwH8OQ_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_Lidx2_whpk2SmxL77QaoZQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_MOwZSaYs1UCcD17iM2zWDw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_KMDqK5GU30K9RkIqURwsww_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_IQZVdm1-zEWp4NCq2rEcbQ_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_b5irDVYa5Euelc36GIE8CA_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_DYzozzLWAUmtqc8kluIX7Q_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_OFLPxoPOj0yF4ovhTDd2pQ_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_Cv5K7ITQWkaX8NfsMFttqQ_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_ySIWQnrspUGzesQnprlDNA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_ew66Wm8P1kigIYoJ7S7WSA_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_2f7CBAlAIEaV2bh41SY8qA_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_SlhurmkxQU6uti5iUf6cCg_5_6"></a><a id="Tc__Icaliuq30emywG-2KotsQ_5_8"></a><a id="Tc_QI4qpgD4HkKSm1NNkf8Pvw_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_PAyU2roYXky-20kpwftuhw_6_4"></a><a id="Tc_alXPkD8R4EWsLhVEwReoow_6_6"></a><a id="Tc_AS9d4Btyx0yolbdKP8V9mw_6_8"></a><a id="Tc_pQ_njfOx_UGiPNdXjBr9Iw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_hNCHP-QyWkmu4H-Xlk5wng_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_X-1lDIHl6k-Pe03wDbdVDg_8_8"></a><a id="Tc_5a8sL0u9s0uUQU0ba-IisQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_m1oGo12Zr0yJdtlJZJ1E2Q_9_4"></a><a id="Tc_dQNw96SdrUaRJcfZA_vr_Q_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_I8eoqKFrsE-VCShjg92hHA_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_Z1z7ONeEyE2h5WQBV2AOrQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_hDLTDRT5Ike9VS87nh4wmw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_YSRT3DCmfUqQxTeJcNpsWQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_05j6DoHlQU2aDU30j-F2wQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_H0_2NfGioUahk9UDJ9h-DQ_8_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont2" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont3"><ix:continuation id="Tb_3Hyiz8IoC0mNSQYNQy4qfQ_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_3Hyiz8IoC0mNSQYNQy4qfQ_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1)&#160;market approach; (2)&#160;income approach and (3)&#160;cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Financial assets and liabilities of the Group mainly consist of cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, equity securities, account receivables, notes receivable, derivative instruments, certain other current assets, U.S. treasury securities, available-for-sale debt securities, account payables and certain accruals and other liabilities. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, except for time deposits, derivative instruments, equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities, the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated their fair values due to their short-term maturity. The Group reports equity securities with readily determinable fair values included in short-term investments at fair value and discloses the fair value of these investments based on level 1 measurement. The Group reports time deposits included in short-term investments, derivative instruments and equity securities with readily determinable fair value included in long-term investments at fair value, and discloses their fair value based on level 2 measurement. 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair&#160;value</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Quoted&#160;Prices&#160;in&#160;Active</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">as&#160;of</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Markets&#160;for&#160;Identical</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant&#160;Other</b>&#160;</p></td><td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zHRUibavyUifC4hhW1yZtA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsFairValueDisclosure" scale="3" id="Tc_1wujkWCjy0qB1T5dm7H6Zw_9_6">366</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_LR4pz28aaE6EPGvklpRplw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsFairValueDisclosure" scale="3" id="Tc_DNuiOEOfEE-bVYbzt4e0kQ_10_2">839,165</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td 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style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair value measurement at reporting date using</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair value</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Quoted Prices in Active</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> as of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Markets for Identical</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant Other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Unobservable</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Observable Inputs</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Inputs</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level 1)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level 2)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level 3)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td 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style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_EI0VM3I5UkSuuVTzd1_gkw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_eKPgmhTB60qZCpmp5wCZdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsFairValueDisclosure" scale="3" id="Tc_GCdEpowjLUOLN_r7OYm1Ow_9_2">10,110</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_Cc2puJt1tkSeY_xUe0jwpg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" scale="3" id="Tc_bbnj5C5bU0CdJqjPDAIcPg_3_2">25,583</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">New addition</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetPurchases" scale="3" id="Tc_DKAkQODyeESYetUYTulojw_4_2">1,575</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The change in fair value of the investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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#000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" scale="3" id="Tc_PDn3n4YUEECD41RQ9prqxw_6_2">17,665</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The change in fair value of the investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_0oXRNvZyhE6S9QAmfx-9oQ_7_2">7,791</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" scale="3" id="Tc_EukZeki4LE-J2xPdAknJFg_8_2">9,874</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-15</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont3" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont4"><ix:continuation id="Tb_3Hyiz8IoC0mNSQYNQy4qfQ_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">Management determined the fair value of these Level 3 investments based on market approach using various unobservable inputs. The determination of the fair value required significant judgement by management with respect to the assumptions and estimates for the lack of marketability discounts, expected volatility and probability in equity allocation. The significant unobservable inputs adopted in the valuation as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisValuationTechniquesTableTextBlock" id="Tb_AqS0z9mffUmkTpOXCG5Wcw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Unobservable Inputs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis_tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember_pNXwyg-or0ytYgqHtIDXsA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput" scale="-2" id="Narr_oL_kVPWwfkeQ7-3Bovjlag">30</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">IPO scenario:<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis_tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember_DROt0mqHHUCGXwC9-aOPeQ" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput" scale="-2" id="Narr_Yo4lU0H_SU6uaaqMAhV2mQ">20</ix:nonFraction>%-<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis_tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember_kK3_0vX5Okm3CyuWonIqsA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput" scale="-2" id="Narr_xIhITvsdgU-QNj2dQy-9lA">25</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_9vb_nQ_PLEyYVVqzKhuUVw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Cash and cash equivalents include cash in bank and time deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions which have original maturities of three&#160;months or less at the time of purchase and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" id="Tb_YzY0m6cyLECPSN5dXOOzdA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(g)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Restricted Cash</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Restricted cash represents cash that cannot be withdrawn without the permission of third parties. The Group&#8217;s restricted cash is substantially cash balance on deposit required by its business partners and commercial banks. The restricted cash balance as of December 31, 2021 was related to deposits for foreign currency forward contracts, and were subsequently released from the restriction in January 2022.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_ScoLAHjvX0KjxlnIyPnSfw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term Investments</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Short-term investments are comprised of i) time deposits placed with banks with original maturities longer than three months but less than one year, ii) time deposits placed with bank with original maturities longer than one year which are transferable and the Group has intention to sell within one year, iii) structured deposits issued by banks which contains fixed or variable interest with original maturities within one year, and iv) equity securities with readily determinable fair value which the Group has intention and ability to sell within one year. The time deposits are generally not permitted to be redeemed early or are subject to penalties for redemption prior to maturities. These investments are stated at fair value. Changes in the fair value are reflected in financial income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy" id="Tb_Xsa-rAOJpUSB9nSxPX6IRQ" continuedAt="Tb_Xsa-rAOJpUSB9nSxPX6IRQ_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Accounts Receivable, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Accounts receivables are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, &#8220;Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments&#8221; (&#8220;ASC Topic 326&#8221;), which creates an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The Company adopted the accounting standards update using a modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption of the new standard on January 1, 2023, the Company recorded a net decrease to its retained earnings of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_1_1_2023_srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis_srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAdjustmentMember_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member_5cZ99WtrkEi-w5_9oY6AOw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" scale="3" id="Narr_AYKTTAMflUuVrBr5i_OfWA">460</ix:nonFraction>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company&#8217;s accounts receivable, notes receivable, certain other receivables recorded in prepayments and other current assets and other non-current assets, and deposits and U.S. treasury securities are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. To estimate the allowance for current expected credit losses (&#8220;CECL&#8221;), the Company has identified the relevant risk characteristics of its customers and the related receivables which include but are not limited to geographic region and industry. Receivables with similar risk characteristics have been grouped into pools. For each pool, the Company considers the past collection history, future forecasts and macroeconomic factors. Other key factors that influence the CECL analysis include industry-specific factors and certain qualitative adjustments that could impact the Company&#8217;s receivables. This is assessed at each period end based on the Company&#8217;s specific facts and circumstances. There have been no significant impact of changes in the assumptions since adoption. The Group recorded the total allowance for credit losses of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal" scale="3" id="Narr_szNUw-vO1EKQx9-Mbdibfw">1,595</ix:nonFraction> and write off the allowance for credit losses of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" scale="3" id="Narr_Fw2zKMExVEegtcZ1GyqPIg">304</ix:nonFraction> under ASU 2016-13 Financial instruments &#8211; credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-16</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont4" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont5"><ix:continuation id="Tb_Xsa-rAOJpUSB9nSxPX6IRQ_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Notes receivable are primarily bank acceptance notes. The Group accepts bank acceptance notes from customers for products sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. Bank acceptance notes are negotiable instruments with cash settlement from commercial banks within <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="tuya:CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod" id="Narr_SYrCAEQXM0K6fZOjnYtIoQ">6 months</ix:nonNumeric>. Upon receipt of the bank acceptance notes, the Group&#8217;s accounts receivable from the customer is derecognized. The bank acceptance notes can also be endorsed to suppliers as settlement of accounts payable. Bank acceptance notes of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed" scale="3" id="Narr_wUI3zqlw1UqBBR0YTGyaHw">nil</ix:nonFraction> , <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed" scale="3" id="Narr_GCr-blH430Gv-R1cKVSqRw">nil</ix:nonFraction>, and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed" scale="3" id="Narr__yREDXkBOUSqmSyPh8cPvA">670</ix:nonFraction> were endorsed to suppliers for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The Group sells bank acceptance notes to financial institutions without recourse in the normal course of business through factoring arrangements. These bank acceptance notes transferred without recourse were US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse" scale="3" id="Narr_G-c5Hn7Wb0qohjdJ0qkEGA">13,814</ix:nonFraction>, US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse" scale="3" id="Narr_O5Lh7sNy50q3yF1XK4j2OA">4,620</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse" scale="3" id="Narr_3Ijs0TgUH0S2AeBnYy_XOQ">nil</ix:nonFraction> for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 respectively, and were derecognized.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_xj8dFhjXAUOYgyzCo2VGGg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Inventories are comprised of finished goods, work in process, raw materials and low value consumables and spare parts. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving and obsolete inventories, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_CLbPkfhfNUGbTR4R8YmwLg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Operating Leases</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group applies ASC 842, Leases and determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are primarily for office and warehouse and are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, net, operating lease liabilities, current and operating lease liabilities, non-current on its consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Group&#8217;s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent obligation to make lease payment arising from the lease. The operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payment over the lease term. As most of the Group&#8217;s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. The Group&#8217;s lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Renewal options are considered within the operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For operating leases with a term of one year or less, the Group has elected not to recognize a lease liability or lease right of use asset on its consolidated balance sheets. Instead, it recognizes the lease payment as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Short-term lease costs are immaterial to its consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The Group has operating lease agreements with insignificant non-lease components and have elected the practical expedient to combine and account for lease and non-lease components as single lease component.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_FD25EawzGESJyAa8qSjUNw" continuedAt="Tb_FD25EawzGESJyAa8qSjUNw_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Internal-Use&#160;Software Development Costs</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group recognizes its&#160;internal-use&#160;software development costs related to its IoT cloud platform functions, including related website, software and mobile applications in accordance with ASC&#160;350-50&#160;&#8221;Website development costs&#8221; and ASC&#160;350-40&#160;&#8221;Internal-use&#160;software&#8221;. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation operating activities are expensed as incurred. Cost capitalized for developing IoT cloud platform functions were not material for the periods presented.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-17</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_SIdxYKTYAUOC2FZwntTqGA_1_0"></a><a id="Tc_7MsQ4AAnP0mZ_c9GHhg20A_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_XHeRTIi3X0yLek-zABsCCA_2_0"></a><a id="Tc_YvnKEguNHkqo2BZh32JunA_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_sEEW0FVkYUGakg4Vf_aHKw_4_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont5" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont6"><ix:continuation id="Tb_FD25EawzGESJyAa8qSjUNw_cont1"></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_nlMvX3kpVkyiV7fbYxU8ig" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(m)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, Equipment and Software</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">Property, equipment and software are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment loss, if any. Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives, taking into account any estimated residual value:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock" id="Tb_cOWCXT3GW0i6V_E8_ZyJWA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:95%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">the shorter of their useful lives and the lease terms</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Computers and electronic equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember_-Rx9o_Tbc0mTxkrMzo5DuA" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Tc_DtSITJat7Uy9BgeluCBn6w_2_2">3 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Office equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_yHJfzt2vfEWu-NZsqqrjRg" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Tc_TGy_lmW9A0uue7B-LSU08w_3_2">3 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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The Group recognized the gain or loss on the disposal of property, equipment and software in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Construction in progress represents assets under construction. Construction in progress is transferred to property, equipment and software and depreciation or amortization commences when an asset is ready for its intended use.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_ynKVmzOj-ka7j0OmH5lv2A" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Long-term Investments</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Long-term investments represent the Group&#8217;s equity security investments, debt security investments and time deposits in the periods presented: i) Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded using a measurement alternative that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes, recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; ii) Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis with changes in fair value, whether realized or unrealized, recorded in financial income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; iii) Debt security investments that have readily determinable fair value, are accounted for as available-for-sale security investments and are recognized based on trade date and carried at estimated fair value with the aggregate unrealized gains and losses related to these investments, net of taxes, reported through other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; iv) Time deposits placed with bank with original maturities longer than one year which are not transferable and accounted for at amortised cost; v) U.S. treasury securities with original maturities of two to three years are accounted for at amortised cost, and interest income is recognized using the effective interest method adjusted periodically based on changes in estimated cash flows.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">An investment in available-for-sale debt security is considered impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. To determine the amount of impairment related to credit, the Group compares the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected on the available-for-sale debt security with the security&#8217;s amortized cost basis. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the security&#8217;s amortized cost basis, a credit-related impairment exists, and the difference should be recorded as an allowance for credit losses through net income.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_Pv5ThV9ZF0SlOIpjSwZKbQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Impairment of Long-lived Assets</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For other long-lived assets including property, equipment and software and other&#160;non-current&#160;assets, the Group evaluates for impairment whenever events or changes (triggering events) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. The Group assesses the recoverability of the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to receive from use of the assets and their eventual disposition. Such assets are considered to be impaired if the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets. The impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.<span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">&#160;</span><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse" scale="3" id="Narr_6lqnd2POUUi3iWc36OKyEA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse" scale="3" id="Narr_T5PWN_2FqEKAbLxzH12sKA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse" scale="3" id="Narr_ueGpzYkfQk6S0Fdaf0nGug">No</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> impairment charges were recognized for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_fTqd_1rUmUCS6UEPSCt2YA" continuedAt="Tb_fTqd_1rUmUCS6UEPSCt2YA_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Value Added Taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s subsidiaries and the VIE in the PRC are subject to value-added taxes (&#8220;VAT&#8221;) on its products and services, less any deductible VAT the Group has already paid or borne. They are also subject to surcharges on VAT payments in accordance with PRC law. VAT is not included in the revenue recognized for the Group.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-18</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_KGdrbWXmfkK5w_7NlmU5NQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_Kumo7w2fU0GYKoPCZRuxuA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_sw8BVbp8uka-bphQ5wJU8g_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_0ejeKCLeSUik-YMEe8ZiUA_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_VGp64mISN0GlsrY00RQFGg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_XGuxm7ziw02I4lqzlHK43w_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_N9Ds-0SLZ0yPvVp1-3_1pQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_cJN1obs5b0CsB4LlHEzqAA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZEQoK-NsdkC-4GKfREA0Iw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_Fx7R9UGecUqeCJkd2tNKuA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_NAwghI8QUESOGWoQIE2h9w_7_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont6" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont7"><ix:continuation id="Tb_fTqd_1rUmUCS6UEPSCt2YA_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company&#8217;s <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_subsidiary_5aYrwGFsLUCayAKFj5MlEg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfSubsidiaries" scale="0" id="Narr_06NuMerncUyVZDkoweLSlA">two</ix:nonFraction> subsidiaries, Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd. obtained their software copy certificate in July and December 2020, respectively, and are eligible for the VAT refund-upon-collection policy, which entitles Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd. to receive relevant refunds for the amount of VAT in excess of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage" scale="-2" id="Narr_Sm3P_QGQVEW7GS7DEq0muw">3</ix:nonFraction>% of its actual tax burden upon completion of relevant the VAT refund filling process. The VAT refund received is recorded in other operating incomes, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, VAT refunds received by the Company was US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:VatRefundReceived" scale="3" id="Narr_-r_uTBgMIUi8oj_JoYpcfQ">8,919</ix:nonFraction>, US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:VatRefundReceived" scale="3" id="Narr_QuS-YF0Mr0mmy8kg8IwgQg">6,211</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:VatRefundReceived" scale="3" id="Narr_jX2Xv_2Xc0SFCJrWZMbkUQ">7,037</ix:nonFraction>, respectively.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_oZ0qtoIB2EKeVJF8515_eQ" continuedAt="Tb_oZ0qtoIB2EKeVJF8515_eQ_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Revenue Recognition</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) for all periods presented. According to ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Group determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1)&#160;identify the contract(s)&#160;with a customer, (2)&#160;identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3)&#160;determine the transaction price, (4)&#160;allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5)&#160;recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of the goods or services provided.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Revenue is recorded net of value-added tax.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The Group&#8217;s revenue was disaggregated by its major revenue streams in the&#160;years presented as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock" id="Tb_N2s6Cgm9mk-tVTk-4R-0SQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">IoT PaaS</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_IotPaasMember_FRpYcqfblke_hDuE3XBM_w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_vlpfeVcov0mCEq71aAlZMA_4_2">261,360</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_IotPaasMember_jAY_LLUiK0yV3mKyXWwv_g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_kOKHiKX7WUahi965qbYLjg_4_4">152,914</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_IotPaasMember_Dh20EQXyaEecwFcL1VumzQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_MxwJjdbSA0e71aapwd8f7Q_4_6">167,694</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Smart device distribution</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember_e5ttkqojTUqZ_8-dEe1cXw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_aZGZDt31L0CKChZ9qloQ7Q_5_2">22,153</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember_H2kzbVPDfkupIV_k6sfT8A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_xAZs7_autEe_iyBZ_2_uHw_5_4">25,446</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember_H_64R_GgZ06Ib0yUF9uOxQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_mDiGayHlDkGMZJbyn374Rg_5_6">26,517</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">SaaS and others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasAndOthersMember_rYk4ALwXb0eBR2PUydqZOw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_OEGnzEXGpEGmdSW3PVAm_g_6_2">18,563</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasAndOthersMember_Eews0y5DIUGJTYYk5sSFZA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_BReFqievEE-9rBG82q8T0A_6_4">29,812</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasAndOthersMember_WsUmDxxtKk2NAcZn6YTwbg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_hcYyZsh9tEi_ncwhsnOfgg_6_6">35,779</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_JmSy7G8B0EOmwwvDKuHi8g_7_2">302,076</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_UBEOyRZsaEqeUnzgEshygg_7_4">208,172</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="3" id="Tc_Y0tQXx_t2kiY4fEhkKGv2w_7_6">229,990</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">I. Revenue from IoT PaaS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">IoT PaaS combines cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, edge capabilities (embedded in modules), app development, and device optimization solutions. The Company determined there are two distinct performance obligations in the delivery of IoT PaaS products including: (1) IoT PaaS products with edge capabilities, app development and device optimization solutions, and; (2) cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services provided to customers and end consumers. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price for IoT PaaS products is estimated based on the competitor&#8217;s pricing for similar products in the market, adjusted for entity-specific factors. As the standalone selling price of the cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services is not directly observable, it is estimated by the Group by using an expected cost plus a margin approach. Key areas of judgment include the selection of relevant cloud and other costs necessary to satisfy the performance obligation and estimated profit margins. For the delivery of IoT PaaS product, revenue is recognized when IoT PaaS products are accepted by customers, which is the point that control of the product is transferred to the customers. A receivable is recognized when the IoT PaaS products are delivered and accepted by customers as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional. For cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, revenue is deferred and subsequently recognized from the end consumer&#8217;s activation to the end of the estimated IoT PaaS product&#8217;s life cycle on a straight-line basis. Based on the Group&#8217;s historical information, activation occurs, on average, an estimated 6 months after the IoT PaaS products are delivered to customers. The length of life cycle of the IoT PaaS products is estimated based on the historical data in previous years and by referencing the life cycle of different smart devices (e.g. lighting, security and monitoring devices) which ranged from <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_JuBSyZ3KbEqEBKPY6fKJjQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">1.5</span></span> to <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_IotPaasMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Lloaa_SkR06wXu_XTBYuMQ" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="tuya:LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices" id="Narr_uX_MBa_GOkeJa0nbvRYt4w">2 years</ix:nonNumeric>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Return allowances for IoT PaaS products are estimated based on historical experiences and accounted for as reduction of net revenue.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-19</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont7" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont8"><ix:continuation id="Tb_oZ0qtoIB2EKeVJF8515_eQ_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_oZ0qtoIB2EKeVJF8515_eQ_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group provides sales rebates to its customers from time to time, which is accounted for as reduction of net revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group started a membership program (the &#8220;2019 Membership Program&#8221;) in the fourth quarter of 2019. In the 2019 Membership Program, customers pay a fixed fee in exchange for IoT PaaS discount, VIP technical support, valued added services (&#8220;VAS&#8221; i.e., customized app development), and free participation in promotional activities. The promise to provide for technical support related services, the promotion related services and VAS are considered immaterial promises in the contract and are not considered distinct performance obligations. The membership fee is refundable if the volume requirements are met when the membership period ends. The Group historically generally refunds the membership fees even if the volume requirements are not met. Therefore, the Group does not expect being able to keep any of the membership fees and such fees are recorded as a refund liability under the 2019 Membership Program.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group launched a new membership program (the &#8220;2020 Membership Program&#8221;) in the fourth quarter of 2020 and no longer offered 2019 Membership Program ever since. In the 2020 Membership Program, customers pay a non-refundable fixed fee in exchange for member-exclusive IoT PaaS discounts within the membership period of typically <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="tuya:ServicesExpirationPeriod" id="Narr_HX7gJQCakkmekIxY2frI2Q">12 months</ix:nonNumeric>. The Group records the upfront fixed membership fee as a deferred revenue and recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis typically over the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_MzXIh0HTNk2O6JqB5QeNGw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span>-month membership period in which customers entitle to the membership.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group replaced 2019 Membership Program and 2020 Membership program with a new membership program (&#8220;2023 Membership Program&#8221;) in the first quarter of 2023. In the 2023 Membership Program, the customers are offered to choose either i) pay an upfront fixed fee in exchange for price discount in future purchases (the &#8220;Deposit scheme&#8221;), or ii) enjoy sales rebates based upon purchase achieved without paying any upfront fees (the &#8220;Rebate scheme&#8221;) with the membership period of typically 12 months. Under Deposit scheme, the upfront fee are refundable only if the volume requirements are met when the membership period ends. Considering past experience and current forecast, the Group does not expect being able to keep any of the membership fees and such fees are recorded as a refund liability. Under the Rebate schedule, sales rebates are estimated based on the past experience and current forecasts and recognized as the customers make progress towards the purchase threshold. The sales rebates are accounted for as reduction of net sales.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">II. Revenue from smart device distribution</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In certain circumstances, the Group offers select brands, primarily customers who prefer not to deal with multiple OEMs, an option to purchase directly from the Group finished smart devices where IoT PaaS is deployed. After the brands place purchase orders directly with the Group, the Group then sources the appropriate smart devices from OEMs based on the type of devices, hardware specifications and other metrics. The Group determines that there are two distinct performance obligations for its smart device distribution including the (1)&#160;smart devices embedded with IoT PaaS; and (2)&#160;cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services. The transaction price allocation and revenue recognition are the same as the revenue from IoT PaaS.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group presents the revenue generated from its smart device distribution on a gross basis as the Group has control of the smart devices before they are transferred to the brand customers. In making this determination, the Group concludes it meets the principles of control and that it is the primary obligor to the brand customers, are subject to inventory risk and have latitude in establishing prices.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">III. Revenue from SaaS and others</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">SaaS and other revenue mainly include industry SaaS, customized software development and configuration, and other VAS to both business customers and the end consumers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Industry SaaS is a vertical-focused software solution that enables businesses to easily and securely deploy, connect, and manage large numbers of smart devices for which the Group generally charges an annual subscription fee. These services include software authorization and standard SaaS platform maintenances and technical support.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Customized software development and configuration mainly relate to contracts for the specific IT needs of the brands. The contracts generally include fixed milestone payments determined based on expected labor hours to complete the milestone.</p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-20</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont8" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont9"><ix:continuation id="Tb_oZ0qtoIB2EKeVJF8515_eQ_cont2" continuedAt="Tb_oZ0qtoIB2EKeVJF8515_eQ_cont3"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">VAS primarily includes complementary services that are provided to brands and OEMs such as app launch,&#160;AI-powered&#160;virtual voice assistants, and data analytics and others. Such arrangements with the customers are short term and the performance obligations are satisfied at one point of time. VAS also include cloud-based services for the end customers such as IoT data storage, push messaging, object detection and digital content.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">There are different kinds of contracts included in the SaaS and others, and each contract may contain multiple elements. The Group identifies the distinct performance obligations and allocates transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on relative estimated standalone selling price. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations are satisfied, which is either over the period of time in which the Group performs these services or at one point of time.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Remaining performance obligations</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The remaining performance obligations primarily relate to the Group&#8217;s provision of i) cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services; ii) membership services; and iii) SaaS and others, and all three of them are included in deferred revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The amounts allocated to the cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated IoT PaaS product&#8217;s life cycle. The Group apportions deferred revenue between current and&#160;non-current&#160;based upon cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services to be provided over the life cycle of smart devices. Deferred revenue relating to the Group&#8217;s cloud services that have an expiration date of less than 12&#160;months are classified as current, otherwise&#160;non-current.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Starting from the fourth quarter of 2020, there are i) upfront fixed membership fee received and recorded as part of the deferred revenue, it is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis typically over the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_k_EJaR-UF0SOd5UMABkcHg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span>-month membership period in which customers are entitled to the membership; and ii) amounts related to providing industry SaaS (included in SaaS and others), in general, the Company charges annual subscription fee, which is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis typically over the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_hOHk7Cb_lEaIsVpdY5kWgw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span>-month service period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations was US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="3" id="Narr_Qy9LdNvSrkO6FjeqSOybAw">7,215</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="3" id="Narr_KZ1lrIQqYUGNpMIAVK0hMw">7,308</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, of which US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember_JDZSCzFi8Umq-EKelUD9jg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="3" id="Narr_2y7XhR1qwEaxiRaoxVRx3g">6,821</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember_8mMfP2g5T0q2P_uAXyAzzQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="3" id="Narr_7bHrRC3quU2xLKyXx1iGxA">6,802</ix:nonFraction> were recorded in current deferred revenue while US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember__ZWdMIDi8E2E5GX_5jlZsw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="3" id="Narr_L3dP5MtxAEyyRsBEUlERLg">394</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember_rKs6IJam2Em7wJBOpij2UQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="3" id="Narr_rBCmVjxLLkChCXLoE8SuMA">506</ix:nonFraction> were recorded in non-current deferred revenue, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s contract liability, including both deferred revenue and advances from customers, is US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers" scale="3" id="Narr_QVgb9TbNTkWqppL-sj9Itw">34,848</ix:nonFraction> and as US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers" scale="3" id="Narr_3tAGLs_GoUC5uoTLYHuk1w">39,084</ix:nonFraction> of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group applies the practical expedient to omit disclosure of information about the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations and when revenue will be recognized, for contracts which have a duration of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" format="ixt:booleantrue" name="us-gaap:RevenuePracticalExpedientRemainingPerformanceObligation" id="Narr_dXpNdpzv7U-okUicR0cWIA">one</ix:nonNumeric>&#160;year or less. The remaining amounts recorded in&#160;non-current&#160;deferred revenue of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember__ZWdMIDi8E2E5GX_5jlZsw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="3" id="Narr_9cAWrovM00aVUbIjbeVGGg">394</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember_rKs6IJam2Em7wJBOpij2UQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="3" id="Narr_XHBBW8xNv0airoDP2EOxJQ">506</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, would likely be recognized within <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_AhCZv0OfOUOjopXqQh1JBg" format="ixt-sec:durmonth" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" id="Narr_a3NSQvA1akutZlvZfqsBJQ">18</ix:nonNumeric> to <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_MIpicJqgDUGzmcDIEoXG0w" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" id="Narr_phkCcfZ-5Ui8C4UzowW5-g">36 months</ix:nonNumeric>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group provides warranty for IoT PaaS and smart device distribution mainly for one&#160;year. The Group accrues a warranty reserve for all IoT PaaS and smart device distribution, which include the Group&#8217;s best estimate of the projected costs to repair or replace items under warranties. These estimates are based on actual claims incurred to date and an estimate of the nature, frequency and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain given the Group&#8217;s history of sales, and changes to the historical or projected warranty experience may cause material changes to the warranty reserve when the Group accumulates more actual data and experience in the future. The warranty reserve expected to be incurred is included within accruals and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.</p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-21</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont9" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont10"><ix:continuation id="Tb_oZ0qtoIB2EKeVJF8515_eQ_cont3"></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_Lih2vARsEkOLrMxRpy_X5g" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(r)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Advances from Customers</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Amounts recorded in the advances from customers account represent cash payments made upfront by the Group&#8217;s customers under each sales contract. These amounts are not yet reclassified to the deferred revenue account because the Group has not started to fulfil any of its performance obligations identified under the contract at the time. The amounts in the advances from customers are reclassified to either revenue or deferred revenue when the Group commences fulfilment of its performance obligation, depending on whether respective revenue is to be recognized at one point of time or over the period of time. If the Group fulfils its performance obligation at one point of time, the related amount in the advances from customers will be reclassified and recognized as revenue; whereas for the performance obligation that the Group starts to provide over the period of time, the amount in the advances from customers will be reclassified to deferred revenue.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_K4kEyofgI0KLU2x5s95RLQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(s)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Cost of Revenues</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Cost of revenue consists primarily of purchase price of materials, manufacturing charges from outsourced factories, estimated warranty costs, inventories write-downs, payroll cost of production support personnel and third-party cloud infrastructure expenses that are directly attributable to the sales of products or services rendered. Inbound shipping charges to receive raw materials from suppliers are included in the inventories and recognized as cost of revenues upon sale of products and render of services.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" id="Tb_GeJCKLL8k066g_gFDUqqCA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(t)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Research and Development Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Research and development expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for research and development personnel, third-party cloud infrastructure expenses incurred for research and development purposes, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with research and development functions. The Group accounts for internal use software development costs in accordance with guidance on intangible assets and internal use software. See Note 2(l)&#8212; Internal-Use Software Development Costs.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_PENk9wD8aUG1xLoaS8PCWw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(u)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Sales and Marketing Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for sales and marketing personnel, promotion and marketing expenses, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with sales and marketing functions. Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs for the promotion of the Group&#8217;s corporate image and product marketing. The Group expenses all advertising costs as incurred and classifies these costs under sales and marketing expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, advertising and marketing costs totalled US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_HROIkuF7fkqwihFOnfC3Hw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:MarketingAndAdvertisingExpense" scale="3" id="Narr_WTzE88z42Uqnwt38wdTq_A">13,637</ix:nonFraction>, US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_9XSTWlrHAU-EHEKLBLugXg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:MarketingAndAdvertisingExpense" scale="3" id="Narr_tt1asDXBNkCjdd0PxOJCGg">5,355</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_w7KVI9JLv0usb557uuJPwA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:MarketingAndAdvertisingExpense" scale="3" id="Narr_2d9rwPOsykmY5j6nYyaoZQ">4,867</ix:nonFraction>, respectively.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_AhHfeNEdjEKq-9VUa3pRqQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;General and Administrative Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for corporate personnel, current expected credit loss, general office expenses, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with general and administrative functions.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_R7WBN01ZPEKrpoUTqV5l1Q" continuedAt="Tb_R7WBN01ZPEKrpoUTqV5l1Q_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(w)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Government Grants</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Government grants are recognized as other operating incomes, net, or as a reduction of specific costs and expenses for which the grants are intended to compensate. Such amounts are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss upon receipts as all conditions attached to the grants are fulfilled. Government grants included as other operating incomes, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss amounted to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_nfNLbcwseUuCKV41qBtnsw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:GovernmentGrants" scale="3" id="Narr_wIWORDAUgkGb36KNHJRzZA">10,423</ix:nonFraction>, US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_My4VjRulnk-01-YH9UwoGQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:GovernmentGrants" scale="3" id="Narr_904pkJfy802dRBhO4iWKVw">10,350</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_Re6f6mvS50aKKerzchbi_Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:GovernmentGrants" scale="3" id="Narr_jIcrSJiBMEaC9z_g6C7AGg">10,975</ix:nonFraction> for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-22</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont10" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont11"><ix:continuation id="Tb_R7WBN01ZPEKrpoUTqV5l1Q_cont1"></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_YC9s9S-al0aMeLuFH9t0xw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(x)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Employee Social Security and Welfare Benefits</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Employees of the Group in the PRC are entitled to staff welfare benefits including pension, work-related injury benefits, maternity insurance, medical insurance, unemployment benefit and housing fund plans through a PRC government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to contribute to the plan based on certain&#160;percentages of the employees&#8217; salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The PRC government is responsible for the medical benefits and the pension liability to be paid to these employees and the Group&#8217;s obligations are limited to the amounts contributed and no legal obligation beyond the contributions made. Employee social security and welfare benefits included as expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss amounted to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses" scale="3" id="Narr_Yxg3QI5IxE6ijxisb9BMIA">42,944</ix:nonFraction>, US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses" scale="3" id="Narr_271Bbe-bWEmomu0AL_adGQ">44,505</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses" scale="3" id="Narr_u_5cuMaee0GCg6NVcXinZA">27,296</ix:nonFraction> for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_JGRMuiSxoUe9Z_H89eWTzQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(y)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Income Taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Current income taxes are recorded in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdiction. The Group accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Income Tax. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences attributable to differences between carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their respective tax basis, and operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss in the period of change. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that amount of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group considers positive and negative evidence when determining whether a portion or all of its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, its experience with tax attributes expiring unused, and its tax planning strategies. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law and during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. When assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, the Group has considered possible sources of taxable income including (i)&#160;future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (ii)&#160;future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carry-forwards, (iii)&#160;future taxable income arising from implementing tax planning strategies, and (iv)&#160;specific known trend of profits expected to be reflected within the industry.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s tax positions are subject to income tax audits by multiple tax jurisdictions throughout the world. The Group recognizes a tax benefit associated with an uncertain tax position when, in its judgment, it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. For a tax position that meets&#160;the-more-likely-than-not&#160;recognition threshold, the Group initially and subsequently measures the tax benefit as the largest amount that the Group judges to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The Group&#8217;s liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law developments and new or emerging legislation. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in the period in which they are identified. The Group&#8217;s effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and subsequent adjustments as considered appropriate by management. The Group classifies interest and penalties recognized on the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. For the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, there were <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:UnrecognizedTaxBenefits" scale="3" id="Narr_tmh_cEcHZ0GQNAP4uMy9rw"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:UnrecognizedTaxBenefits" scale="3" id="Narr_V0f9s8Iv4kGwq9ASSSFDvg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:UnrecognizedTaxBenefits" scale="3" id="Narr_g6-HFDNA906Y07ueYF1v6Q">no</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> uncertain tax position liabilities.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" id="Tb_whA4RfZf3U2pxw8DfcmkDA" continuedAt="Tb_whA4RfZf3U2pxw8DfcmkDA_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(z)&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company grants restricted shares to the Registered Shareholders (also as key member of management), share options and Restricted Share Units (&#8220;RSUs&#8221;) of the Company to eligible employees and non-employees. The Company accounts for these share-based awards in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation-Stock Compensation.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-23</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont11" continuedAt="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont12"><ix:continuation id="Tb_whA4RfZf3U2pxw8DfcmkDA_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Registered Shareholders and employees&#8217; share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses using a straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. For share-based awards granted with only service conditions to its PRC employees, the Group allows accelerated full vesting upon occurrence of a Change in Control (including defined in the Group&#8217;s Equity Incentive Plan), cumulative share-based compensation expenses for the share-based awards should be recorded upon the completion of the Change in Control.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For non-employees&#8217; share-based awards, the Group adopted ASU&#160;2018-07&#160;&#8221;Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting&#8221; for the periods presented. In accordance with ASU&#160;2018-07,&#160;it clarifies that equity-classified non-employee share-based awards are measured at the grant date. The definition of the term grant date is amended to generally state the date at which a grantor and a grantee reach a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. Non-employee share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses using a straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The binomial option-pricing model is used to measure the value of share options. The determination of the fair value is affected by the fair value of the ordinary shares as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility, actual and projected employee and nonemployee share option exercise behaviour, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yield. Binomial option-pricing model incorporates the assumptions about grantees&#8217; future exercise patterns. The fair value of these awards was determined by management with the assistance from an independent valuation firm using management&#8217;s estimates and assumptions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The assumptions used in share-based compensation expense recognition represent management&#8217;s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and application of management judgment. If factors change or different assumptions are used, the share-based compensation expenses could be materially different for any period. Moreover, the estimates of fair value of the awards are not intended to predict actual future events or the value that ultimately will be realized by grantees who receive share-based awards. In accordance with ASU&#160;2016-09,&#160;the Group made an entity-wide accounting policy election to account for forfeitures when they occur.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock" id="Tb_f-C_o5LnqUSNB8p_jmiW4g" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(aa)&#160;&#160;Treasury stocks </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Treasury stocks are accounted for using the cost method. Under this method, the cost incurred to purchase the shares is recorded in the treasury stocks account on the consolidated balance sheets. When the Company reissues treasury stock at an amount greater or less than it paid to repurchase the shares, the realized gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders&#8217; (deficit)/equity. At retirement and cancellation of the treasury shares, the ordinary shares account is charged only for the aggregate par value of the shares. The excess of the acquisition cost of treasury shares over the aggregate par value is allocated between additional paid-in capital (up to the amount credited to the additional paid-in capital upon original issuance of the shares) and retained earnings.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_5D2fNSgO10aGYfychnzGuQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(ab)&#160;&#160;Loss per Share </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period using the&#160;two-class&#160;method. Under the&#160;two-class&#160;method, the net loss is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. Net loss is not allocated to other participating securities if based on their contractual terms they are not obligated to share in the loss.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalents shares outstanding during the&#160;year. Dilutive equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive. Ordinary share equivalents consist of the ordinary shares issuable in connection with the Group&#8217;s ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of the share-based awards, using the treasury stock method.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_AUFnmgj2ME6CdY1JN_2ELw" continuedAt="Tb_AUFnmgj2ME6CdY1JN_2ELw_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(ac) Comprehensive Loss</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Comprehensive loss is defined as the changes in equity of the Group during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from shareholders and distributions to shareholders. Comprehensive loss for the periods presented includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-24</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA_cont12"><ix:continuation id="Tb_AUFnmgj2ME6CdY1JN_2ELw_cont1"></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_tMMeyY6Je0iAOQTR0u0QWA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(ad)&#160;&#160;Segment Reporting</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise engaging in businesses activities for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Group&#8217;s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Group&#8217;s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated results including revenue, gross profit and operating profit at a consolidated level only. The Group does not distinguish between markets for the purpose of making decisions about resources allocation and performance assessment. As the Group&#8217;s long-lived assets are substantially located in the PRC and substantially all the Group&#8217;s revenue are derived from within the PRC, no geographical segments are presented. Hence, the Group has only <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_segment_TcXsw6s5tE6G69uGldKWXA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:NumberOfOperatingSegments" scale="0" id="Narr_XmWb0rCDOUmhkbM1IbJ0Sw">one</ix:nonFraction> operating segment and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_segment_TcXsw6s5tE6G69uGldKWXA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments" scale="0" id="Narr_FPW6n6oVy0G1uLTP5InGiQ">one</ix:nonFraction> reportable segment.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_YeaSSd2-D02PWlM94MqF0Q" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(ae)&#160;&#160;Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group qualifies as an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221;, or EGC, pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act. As an EGC, the Group does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. The Group adopts the following standards based on extended transition period provided to private companies or early adopts as necessary as permitted by the respective standards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">New and Amended Standards Adopted by the Group</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (&#8220;ASU 2016-13&#8221;), which replaces the current incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (&#8220;CECL&#8221;) methodology which changes how entities measure credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. The Company adopted this new accounting standard on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including accounts receivable, notes receivable, certain other receivables recorded in prepayments and other current assets and other non-current assets, and deposits and U.S. treasury securities are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. The cumulative-effect adjustment recorded a net decrease to opening accumulated deficit of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_1_1_2023_srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis_srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAdjustmentMember_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member_5cZ99WtrkEi-w5_9oY6AOw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" scale="3" id="Narr_RM6jqabAsEWkCL0rdMFS9w">460</ix:nonFraction> as of January 1, 2023 related to additional allowance for current expected credit losses on doubtful accounts.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For additional information, see accounting policy (i) above.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">New and Amended Standards not yet Adopted by the Group</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands the breadth and frequency of required segment disclosures. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires that all public entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) disclose the year-to-date amount of income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_c3TU8AuUMkiPiLnEklKiVA" continuedAt="Tb_c3TU8AuUMkiPiLnEklKiVA_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Risks and Concentration</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(a)<span style="font-style:italic;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>Concentration of Credit Risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and notes receivable.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-25</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><a id="Tc_9IohvpLrt0CpzaW8NTUv1Q_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_-9WYbX-WQUix3kmvpGRBOA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_aTzCes3OMEG7ErE_8MUDZA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_QMyZEbdij0WGnjsZUm70Fw_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_zhZPOha3DUq5dS3ZURTYqA_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_aVuN2VdlZEK9e5Vc8t2cJw_3_3"></a><a id="Tc_CwIdGrLlekK3_-8YNAGLOQ_3_5"></a><a id="Tc_uWWMORNS9kCWZwC8tujHKQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_FX69nkRnLkq-5_P_1NX0pg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_Y_P5k5_XW0asdHY7y15p0Q_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_dz2CZbzWy06VRTHwRxXWUw_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_S_qsAy33yk6DxaF9T5tr3A_4_7"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_c3TU8AuUMkiPiLnEklKiVA_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group deposits its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments with major financial institutions which the Group believes that no significant credit risk with high credit quality.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group has not experienced any significant recoverability issue with respect to its accounts receivable. The Group assesses the creditworthiness of each customer when providing services and may require the customers to make advance payments or a deposit before the services are rendered.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"> <span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Concentration of Customers and Suppliers</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">There are no customers from whom revenues individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues of the Group in any of the periods presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_aab13414_4015_4493_a3cf_2f501c4692ab"></a><a id="Tc_PsQ0kSaEVUerUfIMc__gUA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_7WkKxy7jXUGglVCS4xVipw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_ULlOKDkoakqt3JuOiZQhew_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_xVVs-asQSEGcf96JTpqAvg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_GQqdX6i-G02a_rjrbwKfog_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_5RGnRe-D70usFTQm4y_XCg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_3z1Xy3khukeIEMunaR0Z6w_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_a3MTShOHW0iylqZ1-3nX5w_6_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:InvestmentTextBlock" id="Tb_iftvW_bCI0uNwiaoeNveyg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Time deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TimeDepositAssets" scale="3" 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Equity securities with readily determinable fair value (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" scale="3" id="Tc_sNPqh3Qs80OPEzPRw6k3Tw_5_2">2,249</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_pJMdFGEEoUqgrxgOQePsaw_6_2">821,134</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_iW99IZlT-k2bf-RKyUwphA_6_4">291,023</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Starting from July 2021, the Group, from time to time, invested in ordinary shares of a listed company and disposed of portion of the investments. 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net</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" id="Tb_3I1SNFVXc0O4FDsSC1HmXg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts receivable, gross</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_RXMAzAlps0C2tksfLdBdmw_4_2">13,955</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_rqsE-XJNvkuNDjkQjBgQtQ_4_4">12,581</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Less: allowance for doubtful accounts / allowance for credit losses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_YpzlMuH_Vk-ly0GFpdgM_w_5_2">1,783</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc__loCx_T4GEayLmFG9SplIA_5_4">3,367</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total accounts receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc__8sh1Rjjo0ixc6jodxrtLw_6_2">12,172</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_XG16_oFpBESDd1EDeOGsvA_6_4">9,214</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group recorded the allowance for doubtful accounts of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="3" id="Narr_zvKiCR6w9U6T_pW2V5Dt1w">1,030</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="3" id="Narr_E1PwqJeteEC95CszfXbVFg">288</ix:nonFraction> for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The Group recorded the allowance for credit losses of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="3" id="Narr_sVIo0iL_aEKdPXL5jUn4lQ">1,530</ix:nonFraction> and write off the allowance for credit losses of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" scale="3" id="Narr_bJcIRWBT2Em5veh1TOErkw">304</ix:nonFraction> under ASU 2016-13 Financial instruments &#8211; credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023.</p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-26</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><a id="Tc_nNZ4ENs2rUGPZt8uRMwLRg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_VEAw2y4AqEaP1v6_gG7gIw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_6DoIRS3I2Eyvtaz_VXtduA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_XhHiUxrDZ0SX4gHS89cDeQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_t1BNqFyhC0Ct1JpS7CWQZw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_-_ZlLkqkiESH1dRJa6DtIA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_6Mj8GFjDNECFv3LL9uBEMw_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_oyiVNfLeg0OPuA7XyJAKpw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_iaKnCsV0hUKcUu0ctEhL-Q_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_cBQdB5pLEkqyhlqoAptyGA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_uDobLg_uUkefTLL5KEivVw_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_gRmQoJBZ9kuwZ-mJqYXp0A_11_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_F16a8YCmEk-NDDjUOjcipg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">6.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories, net</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Inventories consist of the following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" id="Tb_sM9mA1_ffEid4T7VmFykmg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Raw materials</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterials" scale="3" id="Tc_DaUb4FW2G0eKWPLZySg3Iw_5_2">44,225</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterials" scale="3" id="Tc_GHZKeEQI00O55vXh_k0BXA_5_4">30,620</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Work in process</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess" scale="3" id="Tc_YXqMcefALEyvrrUb2Pf33Q_6_2">3,237</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess" scale="3" id="Tc_Xp5EFSx4j0Gxkik1Hq0Tpw_6_4">3,222</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Finished goods</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods" scale="3" id="Tc_IDcoY_HUZUuDNibzf7wRWA_7_2">4,183</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods" scale="3" id="Tc_2g8QGcj18UeDdo3hcLtGNg_7_4">5,177</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Low value consumables and spare parts</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherInventoriesSpareParts" scale="3" id="Tc_c3lfFuDFqUu1pu9JWjm31g_8_2">153</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherInventoriesSpareParts" scale="3" id="Tc_BOWNrd3P70CE7G4addb8Lg_8_4">144</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Inventories, gross</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryGross" scale="3" id="Tc_RtzFM5HCf0e-OAeONtgP-Q_9_2">51,798</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryGross" scale="3" id="Tc_pbNnZGyI3UWPTMlyscHW1Q_9_4">39,163</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Less: inventory write-downs</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryAdjustments" scale="3" id="Tc_j9Vv_K-EJEmITkEPypbCHQ_10_2">6,418</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryAdjustments" scale="3" id="Tc_sBJwvzRh2UmAu97YqEsJmA_10_4">6,298</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total inventories, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="3" id="Tc_r2_SVwmuv0iA3-W714GC2Q_11_2">45,380</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="3" id="Tc_Pas-wFUgJUW9iFIWQKF09g_11_4">32,865</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As a result of the net impact of current year provision and sales or uses of inventories with reserve, the inventory 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style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advance to suppliers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Supplies" scale="3" id="Tc_gd7VKCWGsEyuCrhwokX0dg_4_2">5,980</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Supplies" scale="3" id="Tc_QoQ_gR8vbkycA_UKC-950w_4_4">5,587</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestReceivableCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_w8SPdj7nk0uG4aZ2dyLRyA_5_2">284</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestReceivableCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_Wo1t8KObbUeZjrqr1Iy-sQ_5_4">1,927</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">VAT recoverable (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Receivables from third party payment platforms</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_d2JydP201Ey3hAGMtH3VmQ_7_2">299</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_O3J38YnIy0ewtxQFf8Nn1w_7_4">597</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Rental deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepositsAssetsCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_KcGUHlrsv02k7H9b1yueDg_8_2">527</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepositsAssetsCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_3lo6aCynZUueTguRBV8-fw_8_4">532</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepayment for share repurchase (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase" scale="3" id="Tc_uPIOyV7kPEq9R3dhIpBUxA_9_4">315</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_mMqCySTUP0yXyyJsn2jpNQ_10_2">852</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_DPfvvVpXUEyjUGE-Xqb98g_10_4">854</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: allowance for credit losses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses" scale="3" id="Tc_uxph9fvcDU6_jCCF-eGW_g_11_4">34</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total prepayments and other current assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_Jtu4Ve3s7UKtOoYkEsGCuA_12_4">11,053</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Rental deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepositsAssetsNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_Tb6KH5Ij4kukupkusd2G5A_14_2">1,179</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepositsAssetsNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_wWbqEf19eUOVHvzxkUCV9Q_14_4">889</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: allowance for credit losses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses" scale="3" id="Tc_1O6dewFbTk6I5lRO5gzkvg_15_4">12</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total other non-current assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_9tOw2SpgZU2J6l4mi7PUhQ_16_2">1,179</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_fEQK2FdvHk2ubSpXAf0FWQ_16_4">877</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">VAT recoverable represented the balances that the Group can utilize to deduct its VAT liabilities within the next 12 months.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">As of December 31, 2023, prepayment for share repurchase represented the advanced payment by the Group to a bank engaged by the Group for the Share Repurchase Program (Note 14).</span></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-27</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><a id="Tc_gz-eOghSf0KGkAKfBHWmZA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_XpNDPmck1EO0dMXtuH3BLg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_Lr7pZhDFYkyhwkqNxTvAWA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_AzTnMoFWy0Cbjh6-GNW87Q_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_vPgOzuG7VUO8hsy4Mvt33g_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_pNjNwLpNLE61CIAvgl5gCA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_eISAr-eLeEmXEdOcY1mL1A_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_0C7L_ef3P0apGrXgnDPLIA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_WuEYsl79M0ePEAcqvUDjdw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_x4yd0JxJlUi-sPNio40O3A_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_g6hjTDurHEWYR_0mR9qKSQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_hBoZ74HLJU6REz_l6435UQ_9_4"></a><a id="Tc_ZK20e5nl-UKHoaRMcMaPwQ_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_P-ppO3h55E6YGmOyIqQ5nw_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_kHoy6WVFqUaON-trZ94akg_12_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_m16J8EYrDkSYSeOWLOEEEQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">8.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, Equipment and Software, net</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Property, equipment and software consist of the following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" id="Tb_BvxteWFbzUOXnPjRatL3qg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cost:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_1Xk5i8PQPECrYczUerXTxw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="3" id="Tc_wpwlXJTQjEmfbUTqhUD94A_5_2">3,389</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember_6oIDUlZqwE-dAw3HwCoOqQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="3" id="Tc_jFapKqc8Mkuaobb67FbAcQ_6_2">7,513</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember_-Rx9o_Tbc0mTxkrMzo5DuA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="3" id="Tc_Vfh4E9kVjU-jryHEhE_h8A_6_4">7,273</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Office equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_yHJfzt2vfEWu-NZsqqrjRg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="3" id="Tc_X3nCE6qqbEORwY-_dbCERw_7_4">307</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_74YSgWzJrk6BjbR3QlOa0g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="3" id="Tc_1ZOkKfJgEU2iDy-RfUdSag_8_2">726</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_0mo66s19zEO97Sb0A_lLhA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="3" id="Tc_gOwYh0fyqkS36Xjd-4bSLw_8_4">834</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Construction in progress</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember_QGIXMy7rhUWvdne9ZwX6vQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="3" id="Tc_9RJ2JDNPk0ub2egBHbx5-Q_9_2">59</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total cost</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="3" id="Tc_ydVtcvPiAkOxWzyftz2q_A_10_2">11,916</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" 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format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="3" id="Tc_hfEt3Nj2f0OoC0_TJggIqA_11_2">8,089</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="3" id="Tc_AlIYcILC5EK8bK3Bb7vhGg_11_4">9,393</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total property, equipment and software, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="3" id="Tc_dxurZ9PuCU-LabX3oOkPJA_12_2">3,827</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="3" id="Tc_Vli8VIEDaUaSRUwOdFa1cw_12_4">2,589</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Depreciation expense was US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="3" id="Narr_BbZk3Zwfw06MVKm629HSUw">3,369</ix:nonFraction>, US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="3" id="Narr_wRfObq-HzkqotZCvTIB0BA">3,443</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="3" id="Narr_D3WaBH1jZUOc1bf4i4vFZw">2,449</ix:nonFraction> for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Time deposit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TimeDepositAssetsNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_5V9syGBsH0WU-BGht809YA_4_4">186,751</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investments in available-for-sale debt securities (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_sZh7pNfRm0S-fRDITv6W4Q_5_2">17,665</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_nOE4jI3-UEOOY2_qqY_F3g_5_4">9,874</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">U.S. treasury securities (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesHeldToMaturityAmortizedCostAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_Lvd9B4_-Vk-MJ6YFD9AJ1g_6_4">10,140</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investments in equity securities accounted for under alternative measurement</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" scale="3" id="Tc_prGfFPUGzkeYTwVmE-nazA_7_4">488</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investment in an equity security with readily determinable fair values</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFVNINoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_IeisuAqWFU-fQRrH0PfuxQ_8_2">366</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFVNINoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_ebUBFGzfO0eVVcwPxyk9RQ_8_4">236</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_9CzsWL4kgkmU2q2MREG2jA_9_2">18,031</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_deSeJJ_ap0CGUJcqYhE3Ig_9_4">207,489</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(1)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the balance represents the Group&#8217;s shareholding interests of several privately held companies.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In August 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_8_1_2021_To_8_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_puSQbD_OFk2lqPQKRqT2_g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_cGyH-1cwRUSxRekc2t1htg">20,000</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_8_1_2021_To_8_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_puSQbD_OFk2lqPQKRqT2_g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_1xJQXzxyakmop3q8c6twng">3,092</ix:nonFraction>). In September 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_9_1_2021_To_9_30_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_2AqSepQ1mkGZ2UaDvGeVJA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_jBy5W5a4tkW28o40hAHffg">5,000</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_9_1_2021_To_9_30_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_2AqSepQ1mkGZ2UaDvGeVJA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_jGabo020A0yES7hHZGPggQ">774</ix:nonFraction>). In October 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_10_1_2021_To_10_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_L3ARglQtR0i8-F6ZCHd_eA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_ePlgVuxAukOZsu1seVaWEg">75,000</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_10_1_2021_To_10_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_L3ARglQtR0i8-F6ZCHd_eA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_QHWeXbxDEU6_6FSLQ2JPUg">11,713</ix:nonFraction>).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In December 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with total cash consideration of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_12_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember_SXPIHQrgfUuPtqsTeKeyAw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_r3d6uPCVAkaCx4ri_K81vw">30,640</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_12_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember_SXPIHQrgfUuPtqsTeKeyAw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_VkDzhBNGu0u8Gs-yrbS4hQ">4,672</ix:nonFraction>). Prior to the investment, in September 2021, the Group provided a bridge loan to the privately held investee, with principal amount of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="As_Of_9_30_2021_us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis_tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember_0Q4g8hSxbEi2MUHvUHg0zQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross" scale="3" id="Narr_Z1AGlHzTzkm4SOG3bg6KLQ">15,000</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_9_30_2021_us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis_tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember_0Q4g8hSxbEi2MUHvUHg0zQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross" scale="3" id="Narr_4LcAa3hpbEKcI20mfGA0UQ">2,313</ix:nonFraction>), which was due within <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_9_1_2021_To_9_30_2021_us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis_tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember_8Ao67l7xXkeWrATUU7cuuw" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="tuya:LoansReceivableTerm" id="Narr_SR1XcXTjek6Li9TmknEBFg">one year</ix:nonNumeric>. There was a warrant granted to the Group to purchase shares of the customer with pre-agreed valuation cap. This loan arrangement was entered into separately from regular sales business with the customer. In accordance with the bridge loan agreement, the loan was interest free, and the Group was entitled to rights of investments in the customer within certain pre-defined period prior to the loan due dates. In the fourth quarter of 2021, this bridge loan of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_10_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember_UhEygE6pxEykJUbp6lA5Gw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment" scale="3" id="Narr_LnY-5UAnYUSxMWpv6gzwmw">15,000</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_10_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember_UhEygE6pxEykJUbp6lA5Gw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment" scale="3" id="Narr_xTz3mLI7TkmjM4OgjIAAnw">2,302</ix:nonFraction>) was fully converted into an investment in the customer which also included the Group&#8217;s additional cash consideration of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_10_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember_UhEygE6pxEykJUbp6lA5Gw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_L0jhQ9R98kexI0L4qwhkZQ">15,640</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_10_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember_UhEygE6pxEykJUbp6lA5Gw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_ecCT4w5KPEyfHjxSGobTYQ">2,459</ix:nonFraction>). There was a realized gain of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember_jh4m6KEPK0uR_X2CRI1tRA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant" scale="3" id="Narr_gnSOK3_O7kiPLSECGHPa7w">7,860</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember_jh4m6KEPK0uR_X2CRI1tRA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant" scale="3" id="Narr_kbzvx_BmUUKy4Ymj4uLCAA">1,218</ix:nonFraction>) recorded in financial income, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to the exercise of the warrant.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In November 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of two privately held companies with cash considerations of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2021_To_11_30_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember_3Bt4lCPpQEymyYoqiHqRLA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_0fzJyS3InEaR3QAm9rBgqw">3,000</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2021_To_11_30_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember_3Bt4lCPpQEymyYoqiHqRLA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_H4Dhrd1xJEmtukbOVoJ-WQ">467</ix:nonFraction>) and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2021_To_11_30_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember_YHTBygw0kE2aC15Bh9MF9A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_ah9l65gpWEu880DPmX4hGg">10,000</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2021_To_11_30_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember_YHTBygw0kE2aC15Bh9MF9A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_qrI6qOgWnE-ms7A1H51a8A">1,571</ix:nonFraction>), respectively. In December 2021, the Group acquired a shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_12_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember_Q2-QNAViGEyb7fHfTp3vAg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_WiLzFOcJZUeyB_2_ot_8vA">7,139</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_12_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember_Q2-QNAViGEyb7fHfTp3vAg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_Mq6BjOtIf0SszPhRAXOvIQ">1,120</ix:nonFraction>). In March 2022, the Group acquired a shareholding interest in a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_3_1_2022_To_3_31_2022_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_QXx4WhOSBkiGEIQ4aGHuHA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_RMORBJKEHEOALG3JJVcvLA">10,000</ix:nonFraction> thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_3_1_2022_To_3_31_2022_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_QXx4WhOSBkiGEIQ4aGHuHA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" scale="3" id="Narr_rHOW5KebJUypvUd0tqjSWQ">1,575</ix:nonFraction>).</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-28</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_lWiFImIi7UyLr3hBKiWhyQ_cont1"><ix:continuation id="Tb_YEUQMuNxrUiulFexmnp7ZA_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As the Group has the right to request each investee to redeem the Group&#8217;s investments at the Group&#8217;s investment cost plus interest if the investee fails to meet certain predetermined conditions, the redeemable shares of the investees purchased by the Group were classified as an available-for-sale debt investments and were measured at their respective fair values. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the fair value changes of the Group&#8217;s investments in these privately held companies were other comprehensive income of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" scale="3" id="Narr_RvA1E0sWWU60RSHNSsG2Hg">357</ix:nonFraction> and other comprehensive loss of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Narr_Ypjy2353xkO39bEbAm6uqA">9,493</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Narr_HvEeN03KUkSyUZcFy-rQYA">7,791</ix:nonFraction>, respectively.</p></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For two of the aforementioned investment, the Group recorded a credit loss of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="3" id="Narr_Hck5j2sofEuFWAxZNOR1HQ">15,537</ix:nonFraction> in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, and transferred out the related investments&#8217; historical fair value change reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income accordingly, for the years ended December 31, 2023, as a result of the Group&#8217;s impairment assessment on this investment as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(2) The Group invested in U.S. treasury securities with original maturities of two to three years in 2023 and accounted for as held-to-maturity treasury securities at amortized cost, for which the allowance for credit losses was immaterial. The carrying amount of U.S. treasury securities approximates their fair value due to the fact that the related effective interest rates approximate rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities.</p></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="Tc_twaQYJ_kK0SKGMBBXAk2og_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_ByoXC9CWmUKtrJKGufiwvA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_BvdUVF2AuUyr0EtmS8F40g_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_2peU4QvKckWYc8x4n7t3aw_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_Yga-8mEaT0mL3472oTdrGA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_QZJ0NrXHhEWNjLlFgPLcLA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_EDfcKt4DlkmvP1KYg9hLfQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_qnJpSxLpEUyWN_TbMmEszQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_K7lcv3TzLEmUjAxoHxzOHg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_ObX-geTGGEelmiF4AP2-Dw_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_ogKJuUwpSkuy7djqT8ButQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_0HOeEA6qy0STQlJikLaDSQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_ilFAEwIbW0exaFt1WDNZNA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_OnTCoYfwME2MfJk9K2CU7A_2_2"></a><a id="Tc__rPMzqDjL0mMpyayS3j9SQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_qsHRnZiNGkCuEIXLY-RWtQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_qAFWAApwSUWKo_v4GG1GcQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_8174grqaxUiJrM_gaILjXw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_TpDGLQwh8Eyk27NmcmyT0g_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_nchETytG4Em9JN_HiyRdZw_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_8ij9tRl2w0W8LLub5NwpPQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_m6PObQwHw0m_DWgvVq1_wg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_sZy0i4LEVEexwddG-4sEgA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_rVvpjdZWGUO7csFnuDlenQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_mnKaNpNo10yxX40lpm20xg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_xD7ME3VTM0CCxEMTh6a6Yw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_1WmttHRxCUKWeJ-Q3zMRJw_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_PootcWsPP0uNeViR1njY6Q_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_4O4WlkAh60-dsg3KmI-wuQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_s5CqndOOwk-dC9rx4gtJIg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_11Bnzom5-E2YOHpwOfn3HQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_FCiN3p9upk28Ri25dkCTQA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_a8EzCvt9u0-wTFHORT5p_w_9_2"></a><a id="Tc_lYdint_t3kKmKdoV50SZsQ_9_4"></a><a id="Tc_RowYKNX3DEaGjLXb_LXIxg_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_k1B18aBwaEilG9fWGHzmng_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_bTo0iCBrn0Ccf8P6CcTCdQ_11_2"></a><a id="Tc_CP4ahYKGjE6AbJXQIP-PsA_11_4"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" id="Tb_RBWgb4Zn6EGZa5VP90IJcw" continuedAt="Tb_RBWgb4Zn6EGZa5VP90IJcw_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">10.&#160;&#160;Operating Leases</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company has operating leases primarily for office and operation space. The Company&#8217;s operating lease arrangements have remaining terms of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_AhCZv0OfOUOjopXqQh1JBg" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm" id="Narr_Nq3FqKXYDkuuHI1Y_9ETaA">one year</ix:nonNumeric> to <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_MIpicJqgDUGzmcDIEoXG0w" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm" id="Narr_sLAnaU5Yxke8sFESsY3Lsg">five years</ix:nonNumeric> with <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:VariableLeaseCost" scale="3" id="Narr_sJuw9g5en0-oqYuf-VaxaQ">no</ix:nonFraction> variable lease costs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Operating lease costs were US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LeaseCost" scale="3" id="Narr_Xdra9E_ooUONGHmPuZBQFg">8,231</ix:nonFraction>, US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LeaseCost" scale="3" id="Narr_Dyk2v5uHhU2VRGGSYsI4AA">6,626</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LeaseCost" scale="3" id="Narr_YXCwt83PJEOT772gfJu5gg">4,530</ix:nonFraction> for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.The components of lease expenses were as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Lease cost:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Amortization of right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times 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name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_viWoU8KuhkKl8aDmpaQFdg_5_4">4,766</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_VD6K6htpTk-145O3Z4BdpQ_5_6">4,100</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Interest of lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLeaseInterestExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_Er89odObnkGn9VSH425tQA_6_2">749</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLeaseInterestExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_ESQKOM5t-kmsTTucyedCog_6_4">692</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost" scale="3" id="Tc_ukkwpYbItEadAKtm9ks-nA_7_6">76</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total lease cost</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LeaseCost" scale="3" id="Tc_MRmL4QdmEEOxdetJEdPTmA_8_2">8,231</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LeaseCost" scale="3" id="Tc_vS3jbE8I0kOXXDqg5MIAIQ_8_4">6,626</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 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style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" scale="3" id="Tc_8QfEyn1k8E6pQ6BndARDTg_4_2">7,920</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" scale="3" id="Tc_ISx2plo4oEeRyX17YnG8OA_4_4">5,554</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" scale="3" id="Tc_2g-vhrqKC02gsN2M69dn9g_4_6">4,134</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_36XOzPCu4kuG-rQ1HEPZug_5_2">23,810</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_L_q_RpIfx0eHB66ZMyqtMA_5_4">884</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_BIkz-TXXI0yxjxhMNfmo2Q_5_6">2,727</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases were as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Right-of-use assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="3" id="Tc_Qg-LDBtaZUeibAJGbdNIdA_4_2">9,736</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="3" id="Tc_TzhYDB7KFkKkN_jl06eCog_4_4">7,647</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease liabilities-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_xvjtm9MhJkeSpfRkKmT0yA_5_2">3,850</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_PaE-6_-7nU-0o_0ngeZnCQ_5_4">3,883</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease liabilities-non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_d3PxJCWtkEeri5F7mGVLNg_6_2">5,292</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_JWnIaIaaOUu6EgN5C2wSBA_6_4">3,904</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total lease liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_zSlOjUmEiU2piUJvrEYzPA_7_2">9,142</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_-EoPcGRmFUmKqGaO8Tbtig_7_4">7,787</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Weighted-average remaining lease term</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Operating leases</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" id="Narr_QMIFiNZTG0mR-5vzqTPQOg">2.73</ix:nonNumeric> years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" id="Narr_HUwC5-w13U-SW-_VBYRpJA">2.12</ix:nonNumeric> years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Weighted-average discount rate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Operating lease</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" scale="-2" id="Narr_dI5Nl5T2HUKLahnTutmWRw">4.75</ix:nonFraction>% per annum</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" scale="-2" id="Narr_R4zFZuxpdkid41tPQnsofQ">4.75</ix:nonFraction>% per annum</p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-29</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><a id="Tc_SyGmvTpBNEWaS8e8NX5FwA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_rSh8Vd906EKAFdgrMkd-Gw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_UZwyfroeUEKBP5bDFIHWFA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_CitXbc11OkiO1OvREVaMSQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_P2XVlqH8MkqxD33DJD9PFw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_SItZhp5aeEOGknStEXlO3Q_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_NULXJjF9eUSvEIBE-0vD5w_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_rrvF2zzFF0Ki0Jkipux2Fg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_RtTb3Fz6hUuIuuEqhvqPMw_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_9Kf2TrWl8U2CKT2xrcbTlw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_hgdm-5_4vUqVVIzOONUqeA_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_t3ZVJad6O0mrVo6DGbardg_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_JtvRwL8BHEyRVLeuaBu4RA_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_bE77_3c2gU-e-f12UL8rUQ_11_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_RBWgb4Zn6EGZa5VP90IJcw_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" id="Tb_zM3aSYhVFk2wgUKEXvzZ5g" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" scale="3" id="Tc_SjPAGXAYGkikwinK_9ou3g_4_2">4,200</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" scale="3" id="Tc_2rNYjMcNzEGZhH5jQUAuiA_5_2">2,835</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" scale="3" id="Tc_wSF9knzNd0ap848RWANTtA_5_4">4,237</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2025</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" scale="3" id="Tc_FWVJSqSSWEiZ07KZVPFLVw_6_2">2,675</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" scale="3" id="Tc_ncrHwd2uD06Ve-oyYV3PFA_6_4">3,880</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2026</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive" scale="3" id="Tc_QoSf-cILSkqLxrdDSgBd_A_7_2">46</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive" scale="3" id="Tc__mW3AAtcpUOtmQY0MlE6DA_7_4">124</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2027</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix" scale="3" id="Tc_wSUt3akmVkempL4uYuOGOA_8_2">4</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix" scale="3" id="Tc_r_qpu6x3z0epY7oyZf2U1g_8_4">5</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total undiscounted lease payments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" scale="3" id="Tc_mU1K6OLUDkyXUsp48OaG3g_9_2">9,760</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" scale="3" id="Tc_LJCanv7KMkqDzqFfQXh4ww_9_4">8,246</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: imputed interest</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" scale="3" id="Tc_6IlIbw_rG06c2WJNpYd9GA_10_2">618</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" scale="3" id="Tc_2vEw0CEyDUeQ9rSos2UOcA_10_4">459</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 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style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b 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0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accruals and other current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Salary and welfare payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedSalariesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_63Bl457nYku-h7nvfDHZ8A_5_2">16,850</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedSalariesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_ne9pYWyZBU6zHG_EpKujog_5_4">13,796</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cloud infrastructure and IT related services fee payables</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_aAhBWfFXrku1soyn8uAayw_6_2">3,214</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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name="us-gaap:TaxesPayableCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_P7lmJH_JbEmjsMFaIOEdKA_8_2">787</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TaxesPayableCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_nBNJVUp5NEe1JboQoHJgiw_8_4">2,479</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Professional service fee payables</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_awUhgJVar0Wj3b5CKTbTdQ_9_2">2,036</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_10tW_VKDYkubak5lbOBC8Q_9_4">2,203</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Membership fee to be refunded (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_z3aY9ZZjwU-Y2H6B9pLM_w_10_2">388</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_-cPODQXvskSAYdgVtlx1cg_10_4">1,857</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deposit payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Deposits" scale="3" id="Tc_7h0rec-r-Uu2_tYxssG5aA_11_2">1,436</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Deposits" scale="3" id="Tc_PfKMdrB-Aku63CvIq7aO4Q_11_4">1,412</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Sales return allowances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_vC2mMyiLeUaEMAoEogiHnw_12_2">1,004</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_pduKmfAKPEGlw0xPRG3jTQ_12_4">1,223</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advertising and promotion fee payables </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_Q86rP8ugdE2ZyPP6Io3tWw_13_2">1,078</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_gVnzGVQOkUu8i8xJ76hMXA_13_4">975</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Product warranty</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_N412mb-zC0esVaE2tRDPPw_14_2">213</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_kD8hq9w3-keDHC5P4aFoWg_14_4">200</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Payables for share repurchase (3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_oR3pwWQmtk-R6jBmGNCjag_15_2">716</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Others</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_G2nVNytsrUqjcA7awsL13Q_16_2">2,548</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_L8Fz7QFzt0CoixpNiu3FJA_16_4">1,335</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Total accruals and other current liabilities</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_xUh9r93BW0mc0WguukfEhw_17_2">33,383</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_XtdyAbOerky6RGIL7QiwwA_17_4">32,807</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;">Other non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Payment from depositary bank, non-current (1)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_UqcjdTEOaE-i9jv6aCsM9g_20_2">7,004</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_2UTS7N1dY0qGz1NU_jx49Q_20_4">3,891</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Total accruals and other liabilities</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_c35rOvjn40quVclepn1SeQ_21_2">40,387</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_kR7UQWlBHkqjATVV327b-w_21_4">36,698</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The Company received reimbursement payment of US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_4_1_2021_To_4_30_2021_bTHiCLlG502NexXgsxq1ig" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank" scale="3" id="Narr_Otvj-BvjTk6GSLhSpY3Krg">13,053</ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> and US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_6_1_2022_To_6_30_2022_PqhhnyMuQ0ykvkW_KpDOvQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank" scale="3" id="Narr_jwgzPKpHMUSrTAMHk_BMyg">1,926</ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> from a depositary bank in April 2021 and June 2022,respectively. The amount was recorded ratably as other non-operating income over a </span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_4_1_2021_To_4_30_2021_bTHiCLlG502NexXgsxq1ig" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="tuya:PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome" id="Narr_dFhJlNCBPUuzsrP9ieu-mw"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">five-year</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> and </span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_6_1_2022_To_6_30_2022_PqhhnyMuQ0ykvkW_KpDOvQ" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="tuya:PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome" id="Narr_QGQDnI1OlEOOKn-H6FPzFQ"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">46 months</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> arrangement period, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Company recorded US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember_Ipv7KMucAUWYgNRoOloaXQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded" scale="3" id="Narr_glGh7JhoFESjmBQpxh2XOA">1,958</ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">, US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember_pnVXIVbkLU6m0yOGDBgmYw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded" scale="3" id="Narr_VMz6mPaEOUS4NrIzz16u2Q">2,904</ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> and US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember_6isG2w0VOUazg0gHjar8jg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded" scale="3" id="Narr_IrLC4rbgNUCJ-vTwR-Z9ug">3,113</ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> in other non-operating income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, respectively.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Membership fee to be refunded presents the balances of refundable membership fee collected by the Group from its customers under the 2019 and 2023 Membership Program (Note 2(q)).</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(3)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Payables for share repurchase represents the share repurchase consideration to be settled as of December 31, 2022 by the Group to a bank engaged by the Group for the Share Repurchase Program (Note 14). These payables were fully paid subsequently in January 2023.</span></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-30</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_4wYbn4AQDEet29GBbDxqvQ_cont1"></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_a8cf58e7_1217_469c_bcef_dd902aa3dfc8"></a><a id="Tc_8uJc42xozU2yknr7F-AbPQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_m9cLK5uKSUugGaYVFkGcTw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_AL0xfnbMwkOftf30OVs4JA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_B8D97L4NjkeUmZykTpgh0A_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_mfL1JjCei0OLhEvmGeiC7w_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_Loip2MRx9E6eicJzX6PQxw_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_M468Swf8NkGJZi-TBECu_A_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_VS3GgM4Rb0-3yN6FNNeflg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_ok5zKZtHH0uIkU1Zgb1YjA_6_4"></a><a id="Tc_HwZ-g_yrs0-0NT0nOEfUnQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_XFMpgcoxfU6Y4Xh9l7jCjg_8_0"></a><a id="_1912d84c_ef1b_419b_a324_9bd6f93fad8b"></a><a id="Tc_FYuLeVqLGU2rh-_NBXAP7A_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_QQ51o1_aCE60lhrXJearCQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_pUxvg1N_bESl6RRK9erEqg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_0ABJGSkxoU6JxCf663UnMA_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_oKODg10OI0OxIF_Yc-xlnQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_s-P1lNwyMUCr9fxcYxjtdg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_ccfL7Wpbh0GaprncTHZjWA_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_38gqRRYWw0G8KMH9zWoRdQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_GZHsxl6fFE2YavP5ODIpUQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_0DBUrAEDM0W3XLTCngm5hQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_vLQ34w05_UqBJd3Ajft6iw_7_0"></a><a id="_f22f9326_4b37_4ded_bc35_385b31234791"></a><a id="Tc_tW2uAn2qvEiYTN1DCpaSkg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_ROTFQMV4qUK8p8LtjppsrA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_FaTNUQ4GZ0Kq4AUwIiJNvA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_b_u4fuyXG0iM_WfrUgM50Q_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_eXUc-z_wTE2dJdroUePHcA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc__uRon7CdbEGnKTmqx_Y1FQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_nLuGYMzFDUigEX9gWLwaiw_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_-eoCHoWJNUmDEGPbNaQOqw_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_R-OS6na7O0KGS-B5T0QOYQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_qBXfaWaAPU6v1_Zy_Wb3Ew_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_dPBTVdEqLUOavVHhsWblQw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_YohWZGs7xEqCPiawMsdkvw_7_6"></a><a id="_ce04ac5d_5e2a_445a_bb12_3ad4b28c98b2"></a><a id="Tc_FeGCfQSVl0CYRCSmviMZSA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_fjVnxHMgCkOIiQQfw4UsOg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_Iwo3_8kQ1UyVTLt3OHBb-g_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_Y_fM1beCvEeTh5x775Zw0Q_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_D9YpNSc9BUu0eBgospxbTg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_HrYys1Q6mEm-gdcHf2-99g_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_5Y0fr7oavEGZlTLNKHWdFg_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_ODo6AdzSfkW9taGf0_BGFQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_w6M8TEp2jk6fGq3A1YKcMA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_cswmBvwsGUGfjK9DXTiL7A_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_gWW0E9hAM0m1KD3_nC99vQ_7_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" id="Tb_Dbvn9S3Ki0urQrUh-PXvrQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">12.&#160;&#160;Deferred Revenue</b></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" id="Tb_355UVtNuvEuX9O6D14wxzw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.45%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred Revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"> -Cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember_lEPi5Ku_bUOczUQTIfmNDg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_acr8AXNEe0qSDj1BVGPb2A_5_4">1,122</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"> -Membership (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_MembershipMember_Vs5ELv6aLEGSSOYO0i2j4g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_dwpMvXyS3UukY25X615Bsg_6_2">672</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"> -SaaS (3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18.2pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue represents the Group&#8217;s provision of cloud-based connectivity obligation and basic IoT services to customers.</p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Beginning balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember_aM6sbg2RnkiQFPdRnfd3NQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_PrJQJkG9N0GlYYniXATGPQ_4_2">2,058</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember_C8JJc4kOnEGTZvm2GMGBIw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_4cIhFdvCZUO3IXM51TzaMA_4_4">2,669</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_MembershipMember_Vs5ELv6aLEGSSOYO0i2j4g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_2iDG5xOcokaQGnBav-LLdA_7_4">672</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Deferred Revenue-SaaS</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Deferred Revenue-SaaS mainly represents the Group&#8217;s remaining performance obligation in providing industry SaaS services over the period of time (Note&#160;2(q)).</p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasMember_gFyQlsqlVEWTyvkaTv3PoQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue" scale="3" id="Tc_z4a6KV4KXUm0abwj8LEqBA_5_2">6,455</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasMember_kKM3apnAvk-dmbzufnhHkA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue" scale="3" id="Tc_TgVFd9Rf40eo5H4BKuyfWw_5_4">11,779</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasMember_IcGd7_e_V0G66_PG687Amg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue" scale="3" id="Tc_4upHj9WOuEWdL1BLnfr6FA_5_6">19,402</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Recognition of deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 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contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasMember_kKM3apnAvk-dmbzufnhHkA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance" scale="3" id="Tc_prhcMTvyvkGX8kQiTF7eTA_6_4">10,582</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasMember_IcGd7_e_V0G66_PG687Amg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance" scale="3" id="Tc_gSgCiI2XQUe0Bz2Dhpwuyw_6_6">18,384</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Ending balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasMember_Dnu9_P3NVkG6Tk64LCnmxA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_g9yFFWd1tUebpbHedGzOIg_7_2">3,971</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasMember_zXuqA1PhJUuimS2q75TqoQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_YVbjLcJiHEaVODxzPUCWUQ_7_4">5,168</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_tuya_SaasMember_z_ZNMFH4PkO9mJCAKWHWFQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="3" id="Tc_4tgIcfb8h0OHPaSFbA2qew_7_6">6,186</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-31</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><a id="_40134c9e_d9f5_411c_8e6b_3903459ca72d"></a><a id="Tc_9jdEYKengki_12OYO9CRvQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_EKBryP6IekuW9kuhwUshbg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_bfOUXD3DOUCMtXRK4a0sIA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_Uiprfkcw8UezVh1LoQJbEQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_EqfihbkmXUGB1PfrNPYcTQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_rgURYh0lf0WKzPPkpKSdfQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_lvZg2-fle0uhiq-SnXBAIA_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_vz0RgeEasE-q2pIa544-zg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_A_28KujM60a4lMS_r_7uPA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_hK_2lojaO06PkTWKIfV-sA_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_GkcD5n2KwUisTnfUhSzv8A_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_otD-WiwTEEalBSdzkPV0tQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_TWgJ4ZLQeU-gX4UA16F9dA_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_NmMgCMWiSEWIqpI6hKkPPg_8_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:InterestAndOtherIncomeTextBlock" id="Tb_q4LUakotLkaxdwuTWDYnfg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">13.&#160;&#160;Financial Income, net</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:InterestAndOtherIncomeTableTextBlock" id="Tb_EsOmz_73xEuafH2owafdsA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest income and investment income, net (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeNet" scale="3" id="Tc_B-ht5fuGWUq49mL8elPmYg_4_2">8,119</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeNet" scale="3" id="Tc_wEYWQqVlPEam0DY41fKySg_4_4">20,731</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeNet" scale="3" id="Tc_M_1ScSuZ2Ei5Amji9-ktdQ_4_6">45,052</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Realized gain of bridge loan conversion to investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant" scale="3" id="Tc_xLEK7tt30EGIw72xbrFVRw_5_2">1,218</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value change of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_QTg58L1240iDmmxFaXF3eA_6_2">1,998</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_paiT81ib0Ee5hNaAF6_nrA_6_4">2,056</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" scale="3" id="Tc_viEvRYEd5UmtBpW_r2zmMw_6_6">54</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value change of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_E3iq9rSHq0-4ms_8eK0nbQ_7_2">53</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_pYsDAi6PsUWZlB3vI8UEPA_7_4">129</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments" scale="3" id="Tc_edwHW7Dha06KmHbBoNBxjw_7_6">130</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total financial income, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FinancialIncomeNet" scale="3" id="Tc_2tffpHuCh0mzcJIiTHBkIQ_8_2">7,286</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FinancialIncomeNet" scale="3" id="Tc_A1pG9TanZUOoqT1-sZ8IWg_8_4">18,546</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FinancialIncomeNet" scale="3" id="Tc_KsLUM7kpSUqrdg-jMhJ_9A_8_6">44,976</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(1)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Interest income and investment income, net included interest income and investment income of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:InvestmentIncomeGross" scale="3" id="Narr_C2uWehlqjUiME-CPiMwrxA">8,045</ix:nonFraction>, US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:InvestmentIncomeGross" scale="3" id="Narr_yjffkeEaw0mRtxnQcygaSA">22,898</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:InvestmentIncomeGross" scale="3" id="Narr_E59yWLKkJkCP-no1u3b1qQ">49,744</ix:nonFraction>, as well as investment gain from forward exchange contracts of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts" scale="3" id="Narr_nePbuuUxlESXuJtsMNTX1g">74</ix:nonFraction>, investment loss from forward exchange contracts of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts" sign="-" scale="3" id="Narr_NutK2f5tpEGtxvSidmx8lQ">2,167</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts" sign="-" scale="3" id="Narr_bUyPQOGGi0eG_1nwIrgBSQ">4,692</ix:nonFraction>, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_5ae512e0_ffdf_4ba8_8f6c_f45fcdfe69f1"></a><a id="_5ae512e0_ffdf_4ba8_8f6c_f45fcdfe69f1_2"></a><a id="_5ae512e0_ffdf_4ba8_8f6c_f45fcdfe69f1_3"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesTextBlock" id="Tb_i7l0if4-4069RF5qAcmPrw" continuedAt="Tb_i7l0if4-4069RF5qAcmPrw_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">14.&#160;&#160;Ordinary Shares</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On August&#160;28, 2014, the Company was incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability with authorized share capital of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_8_28_2014_Eiy8xgPmXESO-hrqkkiviw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:CommonStockValueAuthorized" scale="3" id="Narr_RU_gtUzLpUqlh2j0IIu0gA">50</ix:nonFraction> divided into <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_8_28_2014_Eiy8xgPmXESO-hrqkkiviw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_Ua8ouEVFMkGGXxAyI6hOxQ">1,000,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares with par value US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_8_28_2014_Eiy8xgPmXESO-hrqkkiviw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_ACROM0GEBEqoXDJJNETY3g">0.00005</ix:nonFraction> each. 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The Company issued total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_8_28_2014_To_8_28_2014_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_us-gaap_InvestorMember_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_QbCbjA0sbUmiKg2AJmRWIA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_b2-AEfwO206hLS7tR7l0JA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_12_23_2014_To_12_23_2014_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_us-gaap_InvestorMember_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_w_LuHSVY7kaOkcNFX9ilOQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_oYohnTsjqkq7yhneEpVntg">21,980,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares for US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_23_2014_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_us-gaap_InvestorMember_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_W75kMxMPLkuOBQ1kKqX5Zw" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_2mDbRZckukyH6BSEQmnY_g">0.0797</ix:nonFraction> per share, with cash proceed of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_EiwBb1qzJEGPcOYl95ws8g" contextRef="Duration_8_28_2014_To_8_28_2014_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_tuya_TwoInvestorsMember_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_dF-X_iwbEUGFMQG1sZillg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" scale="3" id="Narr_JYSayRxWgEq4umzQonQ6eg">9,720</ix:nonFraction>&#160; thousand (equivalent to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_8_28_2014_To_8_28_2014_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_tuya_TwoInvestorsMember_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_dF-X_iwbEUGFMQG1sZillg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" scale="3" id="Narr_9OfyxYPUpkSLuXp_5sNJrA">1,577</ix:nonFraction>) from two investors and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_12_23_2014_To_12_23_2014_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_tuya_OtherInvestorsMember_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_DyNfPSmw1UiYz5gQaaoJaw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" scale="3" id="Narr_yHjxxS2LlUa39r3vnIhbxg">175</ix:nonFraction> from the other investor (collectively, the &#8220;Angel Investors&#8221;), on August&#160;28, 2014 and December&#160;23, 2014, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company amended the numbers of its ordinary shares authorized as <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_12_1_2014_To_12_31_2014_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_-2nDqL2i3kC2dQH-RuI4gQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_m9eRbEFBf0e13I8BAMKbFg">934,711,640</ix:nonFraction>, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2016_To_11_30_2016_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_4vlt5usqjkWG0ohdf_6z1A" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_z9OhKQI9EkiMDBC6TFQOfQ">921,032,370</ix:nonFraction>, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_8_1_2017_To_8_31_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_PhTvqGeR7UGX7pDDbybfbQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_-qs2TU8yskOLnfViBseiEw">827,969,950</ix:nonFraction>, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_4_1_2018_To_4_30_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_-Hghf86zWES5JlxQX2-WXw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_y3KPalyiFUmJ8apTrwidkQ">767,500,110</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_9_1_2019_To_9_30_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_7t1xGkiFEUmZVSs8-MUSMQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_dibqOkpvnEKjB_zGjjdTkA">692,500,110</ix:nonFraction> upon the issuance of Series&#160;A, Series&#160;A-1,&#160;Series&#160;B, Series&#160;C and Series&#160;D convertible preferred shares in December&#160;2014, November&#160;2016, August&#160;2017, April&#160;2018 and September&#160;2019, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December&#160;31, 2019 and 2020, the Company had in aggregate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2019_p7YvGtSxhEKqHE0GQqKs7g" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr__ZkgjotAPUyU51YkWatfvg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr_hUjIGkDPzUaArDzSQd4kCw">221,980,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares issued and outstanding, at a par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2019_p7YvGtSxhEKqHE0GQqKs7g" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_UmvyUxUjskaE9E2d1adbUQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_FeSn1gS5tESsrKE9uAXNpQ">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December&#160;31, 2019, proceeds of the subscription for ordinary shares of the Company in the amount of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2019_p7YvGtSxhEKqHE0GQqKs7g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable" scale="3" id="Narr_zDKzKaiVDUujYe83ORr0jg">10</ix:nonFraction> were remained outstanding, and was presented as subscription receivables from ordinary shareholders in equity, a contra-equity balance on the consolidated balance sheets as of December&#160;31, 2019. In 2020, the ordinary shareholders fully paid the US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2020_To_12_31_2020_GjCkAvf3ZUmcPgaOLX1ORw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromContributedCapital" scale="3" id="Narr_bjz9r5XRqUqk30dY-Ir1OA">10</ix:nonFraction> subscription for ordinary shares of the Company, and therefore, as of December 31, 2020, the balance subscription receivables from ordinary shareholders were <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="-3" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable" scale="3" id="Narr_9Mx3A5UX8UGJtXFNGlQW-Q">nil</ix:nonFraction>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In early February 2021, the Company issued total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_2_1_2021_To_2_28_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_cF_sZv6nbk-q4f_zQSuYBw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_zeKD_j79s0-yWwXu-m2xSg">16,026,282</ix:nonFraction> shares of ordinary shares for US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_2_28_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_1xatUaNs3Ui5bZ_FNUErZA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_x-epR7f9mEyXJerlqf_ZgA">12.48</ix:nonFraction> per share, with total consideration of approximately US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_2_1_2021_To_2_28_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_cF_sZv6nbk-q4f_zQSuYBw" decimals="-6" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" scale="6" id="Narr_lqulUSU6iUyippIAY57WQg">200</ix:nonFraction> million received from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw" contextRef="Duration_2_1_2021_To_2_28_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_cF_sZv6nbk-q4f_zQSuYBw" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfInvestors" scale="0" id="Narr_hCGlCfyjS0yHohispBAbJA">two</ix:nonFraction> investors at fair market price, including one holder of its Series D Preferred Shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On March 18, 2021, the Company completed its U.S. IPO of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_3_18_2021_To_3_18_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_us-gaap_IPOMember_ita0eRhlMEy-M8yMcsZYAw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_ovu-Jthq60C6eaFQxrq4AQ">43,590,000</ix:nonFraction> American Depositary Shares (&#8220;ADSs&#8221;), each representing <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="As_Of_3_18_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_us-gaap_IPOMember_djnImi6y1kSk2yAsoIteqw" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="dei:EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_LFhOui99iEex2VbABeyQMw">one</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares of the Company, at the price of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_3_18_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_us-gaap_IPOMember_I9ZyLGzAsUaMEfBa0gMnPg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_H7dPBco33ke4gB6vYdH3KQ">21.00</ix:nonFraction> per ADS. On April 20, 2021, the Company&#8217;s underwriters exercised their over-allotment option to purchase additional <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_4_20_2021_To_4_20_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_us-gaap_OverAllotmentOptionMember_Aal2hwNC50i8W0E5AqOQGQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_lxszbX9t7U-QRaB08wBtfQ">1,486,479</ix:nonFraction> ADSs. The Company received approximately US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_3_18_2021_To_3_18_2021_N_dcYSJuPk-2DsTOC-P8JA" decimals="-5" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering" scale="6" id="Narr_AFYkNFogtkuWahiJfiVeFA">904.7</ix:nonFraction> million of proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts commissions and other offering expense from its U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option arrangement. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Immediately prior to the completion of its U.S. IPO, the Company&#8217;s authorized share capital was amended as US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_3_17_2021_dkTTOz7QNEKgEs86_3MfHg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:CommonStockValueAuthorized" scale="3" id="Narr_lGE1aVByPUyLT1YlOlwJ1A">50</ix:nonFraction> divided into <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_3_17_2021_dkTTOz7QNEKgEs86_3MfHg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_s23Oj0zgPE2HCRzQCvQZsg">1,000,000,000</ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares, among which <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_3_17_2021_To_3_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_eiVA-vM0o02uBkt84vZZTA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" scale="0" id="Narr_r1bPvhGRAkWx2aLxWlETzg">600,000,000</ix:nonFraction> authorized ordinary shares were reclassified and re-designated as Class A ordinary shares, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_3_17_2021_To_3_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_FNP0qIqDlke-iMxAzJEqvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" scale="0" id="Narr_cWAvfDonbEycHLw6bteWKA">200,000,000</ix:nonFraction> authorized ordinary shares were reclassified and re-designated as Class B ordinary shares, and remaining <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_3_17_2021_To_3_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_01gX71pLLUO14gd3WMcB3g" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" scale="0" id="Narr_5WLyYTdgcki2PkhEUV74Yw">200,000,000</ix:nonFraction> authorized ordinary shares were reclassified and re-designated as undesignated shares on a <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_3_17_2021_To_3_17_2021_xbphN00egEqc_oQ6yUfBHw" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_bW-gI9IZskiE-ZwjkrVxwA">one</ix:nonFraction>-for-one basis, of such class or classes (however designated) as the board of directors of the Company may determine in the future.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-32</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_i7l0if4-4069RF5qAcmPrw_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_i7l0if4-4069RF5qAcmPrw_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Immediately prior to the completion of its U.S. IPO, a total of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_3_17_2021_To_3_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_FNP0qIqDlke-iMxAzJEqvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConverted" scale="0" id="Narr_u-ANZ0g_q02L4wG2hBzJdw">142,400,000</ix:nonFraction> issued and outstanding ordinary shares were converted into Class B ordinary shares on a <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_3_17_2021_To_3_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_FNP0qIqDlke-iMxAzJEqvA" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_J7FphGtjcU2HLQZ537c-ag">one</ix:nonFraction>-for-one basis. The remaining issued and outstanding ordinary shares and all the Series A, Series A-1, Series B, Series C and Series D Preferred Shares,which were originally classified as Mezzanine Equity, were converted into Class A ordinary shares, in each case on a <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_3_17_2021_To_3_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_eiVA-vM0o02uBkt84vZZTA" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_QeOP4X8irk-Oh1nILvR1yQ">one</ix:nonFraction>-for-one basis immediately prior to the completion of the U.S. IPO (the &#8220;Dual Class Conversion&#8221;). In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, each Class A ordinary share is entitled to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_Vote_QcgAiV6S00atw9QnBpr_Dw" contextRef="Duration_3_17_2021_To_3_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_eiVA-vM0o02uBkt84vZZTA" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_ve6tZAob10eJ9_ynl6pDUA">one</ix:nonFraction> vote and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_Vote_QcgAiV6S00atw9QnBpr_Dw" contextRef="Duration_3_17_2021_To_3_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_FNP0qIqDlke-iMxAzJEqvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_CgbsUNcstkWVQ3e9fO5BAA">15</ix:nonFraction> votes. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_3_17_2021_To_3_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_eiVA-vM0o02uBkt84vZZTA" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_nMHZiigi50mQQXIFndE82Q">one</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On September 13, 2021 and October 18, 2021, the Company issued <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_9_13_2021_To_9_13_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_RjLUNt_Fu02WnJkURroeCw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_98Ub8GO3g0m-pN0JOmGoUg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_10_18_2021_To_10_18_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_buZaqkf-OUGua6kilXspxA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_S0TP8WFvd0ulQSlwOf8Efw">5,000,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares at par to a depository bank reserved solely for the purpose of implementing the Group&#8217;s Equity Incentive Plan, respectively. The Group accounted for these shares as issued but not outstanding and presented as treasury stocks in the consolidated balance sheets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On December 23, 2021, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_12_23_2021_To_12_23_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_AwwEFA3q7EOO05F5194zQA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConverted" scale="0" id="Narr_2GoPn_gO20WIj5y79vVE8w">27,000,000</ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary Shares were converted to Class A ordinary Shares on <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_12_23_2021_To_12_23_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_AwwEFA3q7EOO05F5194zQA" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_um_SY7v_qEG0h3mqQDn4yw">one</ix:nonFraction>-for-one basis for Wang Xueji&#8217;s personal investment planning.On December 28, 2021, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_12_28_2021_To_12_28_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_b9WOgB_nFkm5wsLTNTBXsQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConverted" scale="0" id="Narr_Mjqol84PzEePKwV6y6u90w">36,000,000</ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary Shares were converted to Class A ordinary Shares on <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_12_28_2021_To_12_28_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_b9WOgB_nFkm5wsLTNTBXsQ" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_i1AHIrWjFkeZRbCBt3kgdA">one</ix:nonFraction>-for-one basis for Wang Xueji&#8217;s personal investment planning.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On July 4, 2022, the Company completed its Dual Primary Listing in Hong Kong Exchange (&#8220;Dual Primary Listing&#8221;) of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_7_4_2022_To_7_4_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_UcR2SYRJMUOZQsYl_187iA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" scale="0" id="Narr_oXbgk4Qdd0qkh5J9W3IQyQ">7,300,000</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares, at the price of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_7_4_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_7WZCdGvEikC_cxgAvpWXgQ" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_uYHH4KQtaESMJXkabAQIww">2.46</ix:nonFraction> per ordinary share.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On November 1, 2022, the Company amended the numbers of its Class A ordinary shares authorized from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_10_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_0L7y3aX0zEeRN9OC9EjTvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_5Id0l2sIok2_S9HC0IpyYQ">600,000,000</ix:nonFraction> to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_11_1_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_UFqoYPRyiEmQmznr_FLSGQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_zne4y5UKIESZO-um8QabTQ">800,000,000</ix:nonFraction> at par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_11_1_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_UFqoYPRyiEmQmznr_FLSGQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_BY2ty2y15Uui3_-5Qwv1Mw">0.00005</ix:nonFraction> each.The Company further amended that in respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_Vote_QcgAiV6S00atw9QnBpr_Dw" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2022_To_11_1_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_elsBqFG5Lkq6M3NGarXt3Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_id8MPsCZeUK7o53IoVgpGg">one</ix:nonFraction> vote for each Class A ordinary share and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_Vote_QcgAiV6S00atw9QnBpr_Dw" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2022_To_11_1_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_Ic0QB-97hEy-E7EqttXuYQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_p4XnQnR-LEKfE_AzVHmkcA">10</ix:nonFraction> votes for each Class B ordinary share.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On March 28, 2023 and December 15, 2023, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_3_28_2023_To_3_28_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_imo5pKSR8USNuGO_Rsxpcg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConverted" scale="0" id="Narr_RRALemQTJkuQ_lhAmCWSgA">9,000,000</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_12_15_2023_To_12_15_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_khXnckGKBE6xHFHJ8Fmq0w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConverted" scale="0" id="Narr_6t-0s0KT5EWQZ4xtNNgUVQ">194,700</ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary shares were converted to Class A ordinary shares on <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_3_28_2023_To_3_28_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_imo5pKSR8USNuGO_Rsxpcg" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_pD_Eacu6akGoTbH2jbTitA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_12_15_2023_To_12_15_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_khXnckGKBE6xHFHJ8Fmq0w" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_Hz6qbTXw1U-F4HerbI293w">one</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>-for-one basis to reduce the weighted voting rights, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On August 30, 2021, the Company&#8217;s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_8_30_2021_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_VX53mU-YIUajX2wS4gAWyw" decimals="-6" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" scale="6" id="Narr_qYxFxjc4FkiJHitLBlko1A">200</ix:nonFraction> million of ADSs each representing <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="As_Of_8_30_2021_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_XRATzPgqB0Oul939YYN0ZA" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="dei:EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_anETM5P1VE249zHK7B2Jww">one</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares during a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_E6c9VaiZxkuYCs7HT9290w;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">twelve - month</span></span> period ended on August 30, 2022. On November 9, 2022, the Company&#8217;s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_11_9_2022_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_iPbKq1hYOEeQsPwTGU-X-A" decimals="-6" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" scale="6" id="Narr_ZVGQw4dqJ0OObmqy2DI4zw">50</ix:nonFraction> million of ADSs each representing <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="As_Of_11_9_2022_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_HAOssRhHxEiOaV1jcsBA5w" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="dei:EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_PDAemqfjDU-oLk1DYuM0Yw">one</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares. On June 29, 2023, the Company&#8217;s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_6_29_2023_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_Ro2sSdeSe0uK75vXPbI7KQ" decimals="-6" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" scale="6" id="Narr__UKYScB88k-XH2Nx3Sw1aA">50</ix:nonFraction> million of ADSs each representing <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="As_Of_11_9_2022_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_HAOssRhHxEiOaV1jcsBA5w" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="dei:EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio" scale="0" id="Narr_9FUTq9BenkWG6M97AONnmg">one</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares (The above mentioned share repurchase programs are collectively referred as the &#8220;Share Repurchase Program&#8221;). The share repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades and/or through other legally permissible means, depending on market conditions and in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_S5tlz4Y5HU6nRwJ4Z_5Log" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" scale="0" id="Narr_uNwu8yBfQkmkI_muS5qjdQ">18,813,449</ix:nonFraction> ADSs representing <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_YrIfy-G85kWiitVDM-bbbQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" scale="0" id="Narr_DpUe_e3XEk-puBTT9T-v5A">18,813,449</ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares, and total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_5NpjOtJuBUKvC5GI6oWHGQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" scale="0" id="Narr_0dxYUsvPKU6q1UaZo8K2UA">26,400</ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares under the Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_S5tlz4Y5HU6nRwJ4Z_5Log" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_Z88sS19srkKxAGGCbVYnwg">3.17</ix:nonFraction> per ADS and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_5NpjOtJuBUKvC5GI6oWHGQ" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_gLNXzosvqUWE7_6kcVVyWQ">1.71</ix:nonFraction> per ordinary share, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the remaining authorized amount under the Share Repurchase Program is US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-6" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1" scale="6" id="Narr_WWBcx0bVCku_G7spPCOg5w">46</ix:nonFraction> million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_3ewBPsp-DEG6VYIXEn546Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" scale="0" id="Narr_uYriDPOSpEaShRX7kSuzWw">1,200,794</ix:nonFraction> ADSs representing <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_kinBh_6tekeepDyGCNnZQQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" scale="0" id="Narr_isVH-PB6KkCLsa39Pmj-BA">1,200,794</ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares under the Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_3ewBPsp-DEG6VYIXEn546Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_3EKbwcnWNkGmfq1hNd77pg">1.70</ix:nonFraction> per ADS. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining authorized amount under the Share Repurchase Program is US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-6" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1" scale="6" id="Narr__bqJI7A_LkiJjJviKjyQUQ">49</ix:nonFraction> million.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On March 28, 2023 and December 15, 2023, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_3_28_2023_To_3_28_2023_AnXtRz4hakuuVHmqSCLJuA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesRetired" scale="0" id="Narr_Fxy-O3KsKkyvvrwRT8YIZw">2,753,167</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_12_15_2023_To_12_15_2023_bDv4I3S8TUakrGNd7Imm5A" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesRetired" scale="0" id="Narr_3apbAZJ5dEWtnRXmYNpXYA">1,200,794</ix:nonFraction> treasury stocks were cancelled respectively, to comply with the listing rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s authorized share capital of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:CommonStockValueAuthorized" scale="3" id="Narr_elmZOPjw8kCbZfoN-F41hw"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:CommonStockValueAuthorized" scale="3" id="Narr_4nmF-rs9DkS0fg0NFfNktw">50</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> was divided into <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" scale="0" id="Narr_332dHfoj4ESX3pq67iU_8A"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" scale="0" id="Narr_jWAnX8amX0iQMfEM-1RgQQ">1,000,000,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares, among which <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_z1J11cm9UEO20d_YXO-W9A" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" scale="0" id="Narr_vVkcfoJ7GkeXPj68oJvWCQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_EivXdLJB-0KK0rXYRNuzMg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" scale="0" id="Narr_cNkX4PRQNk6oRcyTeAZZdA">800,000,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> authorized Class A ordinary shares and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_Gpvk0_iNq06Hd4cQF5su7w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" scale="0" id="Narr_zVNyAexxgU26tePK31cE0Q"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_4NsibfFsp0-PQEwGWgYChA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" scale="0" id="Narr_NW8RFBLS40ipvmDOYMGFyQ">200,000,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> authorized Class B ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022, the Company had in aggregate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_uijqYiLya0exglc075BhvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr_BZsb4AAoUEKmfUVd2W1zKA">499,146,560</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares issued and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_uijqYiLya0exglc075BhvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_hT7KyCAoxUejkcFAg5_dXQ">473,550,229</ix:nonFraction> shares Class A outstanding, at a par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_uijqYiLya0exglc075BhvA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_st709BBpU0G0QebgAiUZcA">0.00005</ix:nonFraction>. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had in aggregate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lXR4FkCvo0O7eODQAfTziQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr_ygXhIBWx30eKvHgb496C-w">79,400,000</ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary shares issued and <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_37lb0xP8qEiQIiJy-yg6RQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">outstanding</span></span>, at a par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lXR4FkCvo0O7eODQAfTziQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_g8oSudIQWUCwxpKcybBIEw">0.00005</ix:nonFraction>.</p></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-33</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_n77ch2oQeUahdKAKR1fkVw_1_10"></a><a id="Tc_ANkwEWD9jkCCVZkyauieQA_2_10"></a><a id="Tc_iDxNiiAbQkqHl7obx0Pp5g_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_8nHS0og3HE2qLIZViYbbHQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_ou93rHqCLUC4XYapBmmqXQ_3_10"></a><a id="Tc_aDLQoaI3Skuny5_7JZXS6w_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_McKXmhyW0Uy7sRAMpHdWgw_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_sOEGaDmZBU2YQh8_2oKL3w_4_10"></a><a id="Tc_DzVrAaLxfUq6rT6ke0Tj_Q_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_Djq4wCasBkCEtuyog85-iw_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_AuZl8L9Pd0OCajAtPwUayA_5_10"></a><a id="Tc_eXQUSjoEhkSibFOy2ZENkw_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_aRL_3AD9QU2IOy1_xQm1rA_6_4"></a><a id="Tc_GWyP_hwWMEWl8jj4kXsYlQ_6_6"></a><a id="Tc_Gm55L8CX8kaFsubsLwHGZA_6_8"></a><a id="Tc_TfTN9ZMqAUOxe_eJbfszeQ_6_10"></a><a id="Tc_LP46tAVwZUycagw5Ufv4tA_6_12"></a><a id="Tc_UMXPQCq_7E2PfURJbF8xjw_7_4"></a><a id="Tc_HTnImeb2c0ePRxDbzX4gNw_7_8"></a><a id="Tc_PmumLPAy9UmAouG8DGkXzg_7_12"></a><a id="Tc_SC6T2zUPw0Wi96eUJrB49w_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_0LVTzbB7CEuJiAbipMlj2Q_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_tLXDQMyLB06KDRgLdGUUuw_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_AR2M61v0FUWHiuMIW5iOXQ_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_BCPp1LFXd0-Q1vq1RvGIMg_11_4"></a><a id="Tc_FwcOnZrmkkGmGWqix3WPEA_11_8"></a><a id="Tc_8LZEpUkZhkmCwEAzed5RJQ_11_12"></a><a id="Tc_WdIIqvjM9E-Q-OSyNrl8-Q_12_0"></a><a id="Tc__oRAL4Bu-E-JaL5dlGetfw_12_4"></a><a id="Tc_Aw_vK0OqR0q1C31Bp0qpig_12_8"></a><a id="Tc_2E6mhs0w-U2xi__Pt1E6tw_12_10"></a><a id="Tc_vhE2V2CzoUCajFAMRoy3SA_12_12"></a><a id="Tc_tVfWB55XLUO7JLwvluttjA_13_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_i7l0if4-4069RF5qAcmPrw_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Company had in aggregate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lQUuljrrgkO2NWLk0WjwuA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr_lBi9ZzLUcEyhbQbYBqEVHA">504,387,299</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares issued and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lQUuljrrgkO2NWLk0WjwuA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_sFsSsQ-iakOYX7DzfroTTQ">487,591,968</ix:nonFraction> shares Class A outstanding, at a par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lQUuljrrgkO2NWLk0WjwuA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_lBYfGgBo9kCKWHjzVC5P7Q">0.00005</ix:nonFraction>. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had in aggregate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_PKxhKYxi_UqOsS8Tsc0QPw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_an0k3c4QUk2rXIjMlsaehg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_PKxhKYxi_UqOsS8Tsc0QPw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr__AwH8MwKqECIrrxXCBNogw">70,205,300</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding, at a par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_PKxhKYxi_UqOsS8Tsc0QPw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_lOWCh9eSDkqy623baWFnhQ">0.00005</ix:nonFraction>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The activities of the Group&#8217;s Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are summarized as below:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock" id="Tb_pkVAZLLoq02H0hqp61MEoQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;background:#ffff00;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div 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style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total&#160;of&#160;Class&#160;A&#160;ordinary</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;and&#160;Class&#160;B&#160;ordinary</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class&#160;A&#160;ordinary&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class&#160;B&#160;ordinary&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lQUuljrrgkO2NWLk0WjwuA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_d5nwpoXdhUervY-6rexOIQ">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_PKxhKYxi_UqOsS8Tsc0QPw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_Ea0j-d926UGfyQWu6q7ZzA">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_QIFHc0_ax0euaEdIKD9N1w">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021</b></p></td><td 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Conversion of Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_tdYHgLq_cUqv6WZkNROD6g" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother" scale="0" id="Tc_jP4wYRJuHUq5hjb915T5pQ_12_2">9,194,700</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_aQuw07_AJkCkR1tbu8i_Iw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_257ivBvIk06rtOk-jdH02Q_12_6">9,194,700</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">-</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December 31, 2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_nakpsIwmmUWMmqSxw9G0FA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_RTv7N1UQxU2BeB0xzkyR3w_13_2">504,387,299</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_nakpsIwmmUWMmqSxw9G0FA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_SDU4tpvGkUO0e5ocQjLLzg_13_4">25</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_wCEU68vYwkeqI8Q7EMtoiA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_AdAGhHFr3EG-B4ZbR6iNgw_13_6">70,205,300</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_wCEU68vYwkeqI8Q7EMtoiA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_6B4zEmKefEmOBm_3KZ5exw_13_8">4</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lSI2SjsT-U2KpDYU4GEMRw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_a6QbKH4AiU-bcynNUDDsAQ_13_10">574,592,599</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lSI2SjsT-U2KpDYU4GEMRw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_jY4_LLDPr0aidGr2w_r_cw_13_12">29</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_EqP_TIqCWEWPtosJGbpb0A" continuedAt="Tb_EqP_TIqCWEWPtosJGbpb0A_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">15.&#160;&#160;Convertible Preferred Shares</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company issued total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_12_23_2014_To_12_23_2014_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_eT_KB_CiOkC8iFmtL9NgIQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_sjxKpr4FV0yDByMU8KsK8w"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_3_31_2015_To_3_31_2015_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_6_g4ZQHuME-jR2gYWR4rBQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_GrcIa1g6jUSZs1MBn-XmHQ">65,288,360</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> shares (with par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_23_2014_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_R0q7l8AjjEym2ysnlIctJg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_lbGPc1DOYUuYzoFK0InYIQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_3_31_2015_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_HQu82-zj9k-aVOZ7gJ1tCQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_RU6szkpFn06UM6MLmj63KQ">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>) of Series&#160;A convertible preferred shares (the &#8220;Series&#160;A Preferred Shares&#8221;) for US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_23_2014_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_R0q7l8AjjEym2ysnlIctJg" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_WfF11aJQ4kmpPXu7DfCE-g"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_3_31_2015_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_HQu82-zj9k-aVOZ7gJ1tCQ" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_KRDk8vcc2UqvXlwtK9RFwQ">0.1378</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> per share with total cash consideration of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_12_23_2014_To_12_23_2014_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_eT_KB_CiOkC8iFmtL9NgIQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_IEKVko8hykqvtBE2KjP2iQ">8,500</ix:nonFraction> from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw" contextRef="Duration_12_23_2014_To_12_23_2014_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_eT_KB_CiOkC8iFmtL9NgIQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfInvestors" scale="0" id="Narr_0O73akgEA0igPTlwNmcHHg">two</ix:nonFraction> investors and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_3_31_2015_To_3_31_2015_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_6_g4ZQHuME-jR2gYWR4rBQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_qU8ZDkCLUEq3IFcC7eNLMA">500</ix:nonFraction> from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw" contextRef="Duration_3_31_2015_To_3_31_2015_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_6_g4ZQHuME-jR2gYWR4rBQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfInvestors" scale="0" id="Narr_rkLDRlj5QkWfasi6winAWQ">one</ix:nonFraction> investor (totally, cash proceed of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2015_To_3_31_2015_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_LkMo9kPqX0WfI3CB85w0rA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_7dHrmcdKbEiBJGNDahsvtw">9,000</ix:nonFraction> for Series&#160;A) on December&#160;23, 2014 and March&#160;31, 2015, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company issued total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_11_11_2016_To_11_11_2016_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_B8noANjyFkqY-LHc8AJrFA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_ZzaYuwMSE06_oaLxv0LSng">13,679,270</ix:nonFraction> shares (with par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_11_11_2016_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_vE_5jHb0P0yDQRaYRgWZTg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_TPg5p2L28kmlQgEh7L5iHg">0.00005</ix:nonFraction>) of Series&#160;A-1&#160;convertible preferred shares (the &#8220;Series&#160;A-1&#160;Preferred Shares&#8221;) for US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_11_11_2016_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_vE_5jHb0P0yDQRaYRgWZTg" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_fiRWev0rR0OTL5DXnvMMnQ">0.2193</ix:nonFraction> per share from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw" contextRef="Duration_11_11_2016_To_11_11_2016_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_B8noANjyFkqY-LHc8AJrFA" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfInvestors" scale="0" id="Narr_kmd8utsKU0K0fBYWJadDPg">one</ix:nonFraction> investor with total cash proceed of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_11_11_2016_To_11_11_2016_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_B8noANjyFkqY-LHc8AJrFA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_Q0pIy7b4EkOe0mGvidQ0Hw">3,000</ix:nonFraction> on November&#160;11, 2016.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company issued total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_8_15_2017_To_8_15_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_hpPpo5jpy0-33B2sr6yoog" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_VRZohkjjEU22HlMUrDhvog"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_9_15_2017_To_9_15_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_zWrymD1kX0ejSmOE7CsgcQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_Cjh7hUx9yEyXqZNKdQs0xw">87,756,440</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> shares (with par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_8_15_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_21wA3Imi3Ems26fieOFewQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_VM-c_zId90KgwcpRqtf-7g"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_9_15_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_gtOYei-ookqxo5CLqaQelg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_jEj3wSBJWUeWDpUAnw_vHw">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>) of Series&#160;B convertible preferred shares (the &#8220;Series&#160;B Preferred Shares&#8221;) for US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_8_15_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_21wA3Imi3Ems26fieOFewQ" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_nkkHnRo-LUyOmg6XhtwKUg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_9_15_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_gtOYei-ookqxo5CLqaQelg" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_RP3f08d1V0ydTWR-gfaedw">0.3305</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> per share, with total consideration of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_8_15_2017_To_8_15_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_hpPpo5jpy0-33B2sr6yoog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_2JJNpp7eO0mLDrtOTLRY0w">25,000</ix:nonFraction> from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw" contextRef="Duration_8_15_2017_To_8_15_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_hpPpo5jpy0-33B2sr6yoog" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfInvestors" scale="0" id="Narr_d1eeS_eSfUeRAsGRv3wegQ">three</ix:nonFraction> investors and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_9_15_2017_To_9_15_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_zWrymD1kX0ejSmOE7CsgcQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_naD6qzYYBkOpvjsoXopo0w">4,000</ix:nonFraction> from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw" contextRef="Duration_9_15_2017_To_9_15_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_zWrymD1kX0ejSmOE7CsgcQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfInvestors" scale="0" id="Narr_W8CIid1J9kWS9jv0nos9xA">two</ix:nonFraction> investors (totally cash proceed of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_8_1_2017_To_9_30_2017_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_8nZ7hlNatUq4g41MBS0IzQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_qeqH2pVQ2EG3EeYZbAAwQw">29,000</ix:nonFraction> for Series&#160;B) on August&#160;15, 2017 and September&#160;15, 2017, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company issued total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_4_16_2018_To_4_16_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_UP44_aHWrkGdXoKeha7Eig" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_OLFZwm5ZnEmI4gvq65M1yA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_5_2_2018_To_5_2_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_sj5v7K81bUimB65xjMiq-Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_ulkBVGpZGUqlmjTRYnKWNg">60,468,490</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> shares (with par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_4_16_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_fIjhx8sYxUSCNunCZhPp9A" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_QVPDhYyt1UKieqD1D3aLLA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_5_2_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_XU1ea7pey0OgZbxSu1Tnwg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_b3tyzdnYEESESZsNANvcSg">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>) of Series&#160;C convertible preferred shares (the &#8220;Series&#160;C Preferred Shares&#8221;) for US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_4_16_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_fIjhx8sYxUSCNunCZhPp9A" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_nHKZ0YVssUidlPhM996IBQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_5_2_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_XU1ea7pey0OgZbxSu1Tnwg" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_H0EGwWDhwkWho1nn57fgeQ">1.9019</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> per share, with total cash consideration of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_4_16_2018_To_4_16_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_UP44_aHWrkGdXoKeha7Eig" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_qQP4CfJl3EmbqyejQwQHDA">59,457</ix:nonFraction> from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw" contextRef="Duration_4_16_2018_To_4_16_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_UP44_aHWrkGdXoKeha7Eig" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfInvestors" scale="0" id="Narr_BlPjazyI60-FaClm5TrzHw">six</ix:nonFraction> investors and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_5_2_2018_To_5_2_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_sj5v7K81bUimB65xjMiq-Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_ThSfvzLYCUypK-ZdF5GV_g">55,550</ix:nonFraction> from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw" contextRef="Duration_5_2_2018_To_5_2_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_sj5v7K81bUimB65xjMiq-Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfInvestors" scale="0" id="Narr_3L2o5Sk-sUmjjSluLMacFA">three</ix:nonFraction> investors (totally cash proceed of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_4_16_2018_To_4_16_2018_akHTW0VSa0ykLt9TeEvuoA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_kVUku_Ryl0yXDYAoTq1vnw"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_5_2_2018_To_5_2_2018_RWGa_zcVGkm0NFggB8wEeQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_W5wp7xTOd0eaTh5d4exQog"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_4_1_2018_To_5_31_2018_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_Ly6mi3dkdEWGeGd79u057g" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_5OiJw5asa0S7U9vrAOgd_g">115,007</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> for Series&#160;C) on April&#160;16, 2018 and May&#160;2, 2018, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company issued total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_9_16_2019_To_9_16_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_zKom0w_4S0aIZacd2qaywQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_KJswcegA_EeZO1nhUOD1Fg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2019_To_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_8cukqTSZRUOM4CMvSsEBOQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_5hnDO0_0XUypiNyWTjfw-Q">52,428,242</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> shares (with par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_9_16_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_i8OlsXwq80iZPtp_XaAlaA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_oULyUcQmpECI0SNYKDNk5g"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_aoDw84nt4k6ALIapvYC6gg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_yGIsCU59IEil8wo3D1XQRg">0.00005</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>) of Series&#160;D convertible preferred shares (the &#8220;Series&#160;D Preferred Shares&#8221;) for US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_9_16_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_i8OlsXwq80iZPtp_XaAlaA" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_15zMxCL4DUemTsysbL3sMA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_aoDw84nt4k6ALIapvYC6gg" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_M8b0OtJP_keXIa9QxZ-qeQ">3.4317</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> (the &#8220;Series&#160;D Issue Price&#8221;) per share, with total cash consideration of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_9_16_2019_To_9_16_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_zKom0w_4S0aIZacd2qaywQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_oOkYsEJb60O2_Ny0ypQOPQ">174,918</ix:nonFraction> from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw" contextRef="Duration_9_16_2019_To_9_16_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_zKom0w_4S0aIZacd2qaywQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfInvestors" scale="0" id="Narr_DXvrwe35I0OyHUz8cQcFIQ">three</ix:nonFraction> investors and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2019_To_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_8cukqTSZRUOM4CMvSsEBOQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_zh_CrvVjBUmqHKXB2CiMnA">5,000</ix:nonFraction> from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_item_blexweFj2UeUqVok82nOMw" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2019_To_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_8cukqTSZRUOM4CMvSsEBOQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="tuya:NumberOfInvestors" scale="0" id="Narr_Ni3FCLPw3kiySFQ8ew0Haw">one</ix:nonFraction> investor (totally, cash proceed of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_9_1_2019_To_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_4Fgu-M55ikWVfF_ynHn68A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_ymZtQUor9Eej1S6wSDQ7qQ">179,918</ix:nonFraction> for Series&#160;D) on September&#160;16, 2019 and November&#160;1, 2019, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The issuance costs incurred for Series&#160;D Preferred Shares were US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_9_16_2019_To_9_16_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_zKom0w_4S0aIZacd2qaywQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" scale="3" id="Narr_HDXzYm3w20WqYbRc90O8pg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2019_To_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_8cukqTSZRUOM4CMvSsEBOQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" scale="3" id="Narr_frlFZZgHwkSbqLeSkQfLyA">1,938</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-34</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_EqP_TIqCWEWPtosJGbpb0A_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The above-mentioned Series&#160;A, Series&#160;A-1,&#160;Series&#160;B, Series&#160;C and Series&#160;D Preferred Shares are collectively referred as the &#8220;Preferred Shares&#8221;. Series&#160;A, Series&#160;A-1,&#160;Series&#160;B, Series&#160;C Preferred Shares are collectively referred as the &#8220;Junior Preferred Shares&#8221;.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On November&#160;1, 2019, the Company repurchased <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2019_To_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_aOv9Q3X_PEqKRNQ3Mk1jcA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares" scale="0" id="Narr_PeorcCGbDkOQmVA2-dNaaA">1,457,003</ix:nonFraction> shares from the holder of Series&#160;A-1&#160;Preferred Shares, who originally held total <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2019_To_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_aOv9Q3X_PEqKRNQ3Mk1jcA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" id="Narr_LldAr9htJ0KV-c6Cwh4iyQ">13,679,270</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company, for US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2019_To_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_aOv9Q3X_PEqKRNQ3Mk1jcA" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_q-WkJZ_HHUO2s3KJkLGnZw">2.5738</ix:nonFraction> per share, with total cash consideration of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_11_1_2019_To_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_aOv9Q3X_PEqKRNQ3Mk1jcA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfConvertiblePreferredStock" scale="3" id="Narr_QvZw1EcJ6EWI_1sFkUQmLg">3,750</ix:nonFraction> while the original issuance price for Series&#160;A-1&#160;Preferred Shares was US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_11_1_2019_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_sF84K5eHtUKiiOk_aofDyA" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_frxeptV26UW4jook0bNR0w">0.2193</ix:nonFraction> per share (the &#8220;Series&#160;A-1&#160;Repurchase&#8221;). These repurchased Series&#160;A-1&#160;Preferred Shares were then extinguished.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">All of Preferred Shares were converted into Class A ordinary shares immediately upon the completion of the Company&#8217;s U.S. IPO on March 18, 2021 (Note 14). Prior to their conversion,Preferred Shares were entitled to certain preference with respect to conversion, dividends and liquidation.</p></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" id="Tb_5EOtQq7wiUyCjrlQWw2zGg" continuedAt="Tb_5EOtQq7wiUyCjrlQWw2zGg_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">16.&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In December&#160;2014, the board of directors of the Company adopted the Company&#8217;s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (&#8220;the 2015 Plan&#8221;) and reserved <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2014_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_jNHm83VRU0S5p4pQVBNngA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" scale="0" id="Narr_7wbX9TgSc0qOiyOqgL35fQ">31,918,690</ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares for issuance under the Plan to grant share-based awards, including restricted shares and share options, to its service providers, defined as the Company&#8217;s global employees, directors and external consultants. In July&#160;2020, the 2015 Plan was modified to allow the Company with the intentions of i) providing for the award of restricted stock units (&#8220;RSUs&#8221;) under the Plan and ii) amending the exercise price of certain outstanding share options held by certain optionees located outside of the U.S. to purchase ordinary shares of the Company (the &#8220;Share Option Repricing&#8221;), and the number of ordinary shares reserved for the 2015 Plan was modified to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_7_31_2020_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_9buZrxSrvEm9Q6jFZSN4RA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" scale="0" id="Narr_a80afID8_kqAN6xtHF35KA">60,778,005</ix:nonFraction> (adjusted in accordance with the Share Split). As of December 31, 2020, the Company had not granted any RSUs to anyone yet, neither had the Company entered any repricing agreement with the optionee under the 2015 Plan yet. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had not granted any restricted shares to anyone yet, except that the part of the ordinary shares issued to the Registered Shareholders with restricted conditions from December&#160;2014 to 2018 was considered as shared based compensation, which was recorded as expenses before the periods presented and in the opening balance of accumulated losses of the Group.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Since adoption of the 2015 Plan, the Company granted options to its global employees, director and external consultants. All options granted have a contractual term of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_WeolPIqbUE2rB7ah759A4A" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" id="Narr_ZXJcZEl2V0-qOsBCgD9P2w">ten years</ix:nonNumeric> from the grant date, and the vest over a period of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_WeolPIqbUE2rB7ah759A4A" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" id="Narr_1vvsJgntoECkjSdfNB3EQw">four years</ix:nonNumeric> of continuous service, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_FoQA0fQ8M0qrCzHyjouOwQ" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage" scale="-2" id="Narr_mJD1fltSakGqh9FauNi_HA">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the shares subject to the option shall vest on the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_fOLSfNlGc0GChVIh88aUQg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">second</span></span> anniversary of the vesting commencement date, and the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_nuICTYNO_0y5rmkMKK-dDg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">remaining</span></span> of the shares subject to the option shall vest in equal annual installments over the following <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_mqNvs6YhGUGDgF2lVTfVmQ" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" id="Narr_TISBUULT6kCdInMHqn3C3Q">two years</ix:nonNumeric> thereafter on the same day of the&#160;month as the vesting commencement date (and if there is no corresponding day, on the last day of the&#160;month), subject to the grantee continuing to be a service provider through each such date. The share options granted to PRC employee grantee shall become fully vested under the same service conditions and vesting schedule and, to the extent permissible under applicable law, exercisable upon the occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2015 Plan).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company accounted for the share-based compensation costs on a straight-line bases over the requisite service period for the award based on the fair value on their respectively grant date.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In January 2021, the Company entered into agreements with certain optionees under the 2015 Plan to amend the exercise price of certain outstanding share options held by these optionees located outside of the U.S. to purchase ordinary shares of the Company. As a result of this share option repricing, the Company recorded incremental share-based compensation expense of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_orfKI7bOiku4uVkwGUfpnQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" scale="3" id="Narr_C38OScNZBkirIi1Dw_st4g">1,646</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_WeolPIqbUE2rB7ah759A4A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" scale="3" id="Narr_M6YR0gC6TkWRV7c8LwsNYQ">728</ix:nonFraction> in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, and estimated approximately US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_hcVMxg9AcU6kjKqojLyu_w" decimals="-6" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" scale="6" id="Narr_sYEwJENNHESWh0pf_ekjhw">154</ix:nonFraction> million to be amortized over the remaining requisite service period for the optionees till year ended December 31, 2024.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On February 21, 2021, the 2015 Plan was amended to increase the number of ordinary shares available and reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_2_21_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_hoJn7SvDDkyZTNvNWBwucQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" scale="0" id="Narr_cMBTbfy6IEqGmfcJ5rsQfQ">76,778,005</ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares, which was approved by the board of directors of the Company and the shareholders of the Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On February 25, 2021, the board of directors of the Company approved further amendment to the 2015 Plan, which provides that starting on January 1, 2022, on the first day of each fiscal year thereafter, the total number of shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan was increased by an amount equal to the least of (i) <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_2_25_2021_To_2_25_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_68JdHM-62kqW4UuVQg8Upg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne" scale="-2" id="Narr_0l1r45-LdEGQ0BaQyKFhYA">2</ix:nonFraction>% of the aggregate number of shares of all classes of ordinary shares of the Company&#8217;s issued and outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) such number of shares as determined by the board of directors.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-35</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_8bffe2ce_8006_4ca6_9c03_e543dd01681b"></a><a id="_8bffe2ce_8006_4ca6_9c03_e543dd01681b_2"></a><a id="_8bffe2ce_8006_4ca6_9c03_e543dd01681b_3"></a><a id="_8bffe2ce_8006_4ca6_9c03_e543dd01681b_4"></a><a id="Tc_TEA8SJla4EmXNpBSYbOgbA_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_fVpw-vted0Ow0i0s78CA9Q_1_6"></a><a id="Tc_DZfLHOWYCkSgBAuF3gyVAg_1_8"></a><a id="Tc_D0kBSr_HBUCoZFM8u744ag_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_SXTCs21hSk-7nXLkOcTDIw_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_rmbl6fkVsky8zczN2H6r7Q_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_XA7Ma6w3LEWWKfch1Zr_1Q_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_bUDEv7DU2EaRzVzX19OeKw_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_Pdcrc_vg2E-LtYKMzjwqVQ_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_EAwKlQtbcEmadIzWGxAcdw_3_10"></a><a id="Tc_Bf1Q1Gvpx0ONws0AlhYRzg_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_FyPGV18480yycMbpZMmXdg_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_BiPeInef3EmkhJtcOXww-w_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_T9Gj4UckXk-Cjn0ZMlLEzw_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_yAhGXw2SUUuv2fsjMU_nKA_4_10"></a><a id="Tc_uVuTMhiBGk--YuH8vJ5bBQ_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_Jk3AxpXMPkeF_2iTPJnqgA_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_INiTWkPaHEW9gwGnXyAb_g_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_MQuXjuJzk0i6xyhV9SjiZQ_5_8"></a><a id="Tc__7_oTyrNXUSE9_RzcygvYw_5_10"></a><a id="Tc_n9be32ztwEyd7_GyeDYPHw_6_10"></a><a id="Tc_HF_And9WeEa1UFioI_JLfw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_mDaoPKQATUOQ8K_l7gm4bQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_TX080IuJj0KMR1LSFlOblQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_Cc5WBY8QbUiAH_nKUCn07A_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_ORIdJtjgdUaUcKQ_JLxvew_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_oisi5gzqz0K_uxi_O1mq3A_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_H-rV87gw6ESqwNNH1U9mZg_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_nB5JP_OJtEmya4ymYp5elA_14_0"></a><a 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id="Tc_Vao5G4ioWUqiDGM_TWAfFA_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_0fcEB3qzC06AZpVytfwmSw_5_5"></a><a id="Narr_uUCMukp1K0irl7mynGyczA"></a><a id="Tc_qpj6pVEWnkek9acLcXLe-Q_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_W3Y4RbNxK0CCzpvZfDD2wQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_j6GKQg_nT0KBCW42Bg_bRA_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_qu4Jv47Bhkuy91HNJzyiRg_7_2"></a><a id="Tc_xH6VecMT8EKCsLDCr9k1Sw_7_4"></a><a id="Tc_ydcQObe5EEesKKR2ON5Prg_7_6"></a><a id="Tc_KmOsazjxfk6oFn-3vwNEwg_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_EJZL6E9DMUmagPcQnPgfPA_8_2"></a><a id="Tc_y5fRBNQRLkmV85lw1LachA_8_3"></a><a id="Tc_31YTxzc4GEqFWBEy9DDwlw_8_4"></a><a id="Tc_CPuvc2t-Y0W9X4eNcNbmxQ_8_5"></a><a id="Narr_b-LPJ5zZB06oeRZVipJDhw"></a><a id="Tc_Heoxk3djSUmDOxo0TBUWYQ_8_6"></a><a id="Tc_SpCP-DcSdkq3M66LhDueoQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_scyHrLqq_E2f34A-Hr3gMw_9_2"></a><a id="Tc__cyGunWgF0ywvZ0rtaQPmw_9_3"></a><a id="Tc_gABSRxcJqUOn_ioMNkruBA_9_4"></a><a id="Tc_mLvo26knYkC1UG0xYgdOvA_9_5"></a><a id="Narr_z-LwsMXJhkuYEprsJaVHqQ"></a><a id="Tc_adyKT2RqxEijq4sqgKqbZA_9_6"></a><a id="Tc_ALwl8yArVU-76APtzWG_9g_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_fhu2ZSnJ4UaVT8g7BQhFTg_10_2"></a><a id="Tc_xZyNybnSikm9-y3dWl7EeA_10_4"></a><a id="Narr_A8X0s6mj-UiPLGjr7DJg6Q"></a><a id="Tc_J0uqJMqyA0-ZAjKUSUKtIQ_10_6"></a><a id="Tc_RsR3IKXnykuGMZGOuWcU6w_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_7nOwsXG7xUyeNaryaOLXFQ_11_2"></a><a id="Tc_Qte_BhugW0qej_lA-pwgiw_11_4"></a><a id="Narr_k368m_GIq0mKwVRKox7aUQ"></a><a id="Tc_T2xL6KsI90mB2aXqm38Tjw_11_6"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_5EOtQq7wiUyCjrlQWw2zGg_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_5EOtQq7wiUyCjrlQWw2zGg_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company granted <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_E475DnnZCEGVAZHOH_R_jg">18,035,000</ix:nonFraction>, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_od2IijkA-Uu5ZlTZaXlYNg">2,765,000</ix:nonFraction>, and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_YuB3BlZKwEudvDPsEf_K_Q">nil</ix:nonFraction> new share options with four - year requisite service period to its employees and nonemployees for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_Te8Z-6OhTEC2GhjHZtW5_A" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" scale="0" id="Narr_loFxBDYx7EujZBpKOHpXyg">56,274,213</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_hcVMxg9AcU6kjKqojLyu_w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" scale="0" id="Narr_hM5Guy5MIkW_SNJqKXv4xQ">51,672,005</ix:nonFraction> options were outstanding under the 2015 plan.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Staring from June 2021, the Company granted RSUs under the 2015 Plan. The Company granted <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_DkAsE0zExUCjjzR8ONNSaQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_MVueuPrKHUCm1NNl9lum0w">3,217,000</ix:nonFraction> RSUs, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_orfKI7bOiku4uVkwGUfpnQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_rMEoSdCvtUmmFicyhiqglg">10,205,500</ix:nonFraction> RSUs and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_WeolPIqbUE2rB7ah759A4A" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_EWp4yv_8FUq3PipaWIcyWQ">1,181,000</ix:nonFraction> RSUs with <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_sEEfG47mDUuS4rB3f0zuAg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">three</span></span>-to-<span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_IrIX_Gi4WEOdf4PzLXfBVg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">four</span></span>-year requisite service period to its employees and nonemployees for year ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_WHUtnJnGT0WeoIbrfhtg0g" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_Mno5KFjx-Uyybk8gml2kkA">11,638,750</ix:nonFraction> RSUs and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_tuya_Plan2015Member_8hHxbB95mUWkk_igudDE5Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_ZpFY1wLDc0KlNyYxdC-FWg">9,323,125</ix:nonFraction> RSUs were outstanding under the 2015 Plan.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Share Options</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth the share options activity for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" id="Tb_vYMOgucwrEeCyRYZgrcqLA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">exercise</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">grant date</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">remaining</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">price&#160;per</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">fair value per</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">contractual</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">intrinsic</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">term</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2020</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_j3QxQZ4yg0ymht19I1O4bQ_7_2">48,740,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_GLV2zldB1US0fqR3j3oyDg_7_4">0.33</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_E7fYxA-foEK3SJ46eowbgA_7_6">1.05</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2020_To_12_31_2020_GjCkAvf3ZUmcPgaOLX1ORw" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" id="Tc_lx6_S5MNnEqYRLHsAUQaFA_7_8"> 7.02</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" scale="3" id="Tc_pBUGMc1pvkC5nFISK4yUrw_7_10">591,879</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Tc_xxciAwVO50eDnqbBTjx-fA_8_2">18,035,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_oqMzLFQGsUCAqkkbvvgSXg_8_4">0.24</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_FeBUfu0ljU66aURAsP_p6g_8_6">12.55</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" scale="0" id="Tc_Vz-lsn17UUyEsqdxn2k0Rg_9_2">5,403,461</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_mtYsFy3zWEuPx8UWuyyKVg_9_4">0.14</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_47kZzp1p1k-blEhbR622Cg_9_6">0.68</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_ZXJ7BMS2BkOPaICiSaFoew_10_2">1,410,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_i-0lk__mh0WY_4vM9YibHg_10_4">0.31</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_XnnEhLSipEik7v-03UJmYg_10_6">7.21</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_-68Z0nQxuEuaumtJCq09yw_11_2">59,961,539</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_DKRa90FEh0KpVHnYJBWJqQ_11_4">0.17</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_Tebn09EQ40CCbLlOC2iLyg_11_6">4.40</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" id="Tc_yLIrMNlZaU2FieCSPNwLbA_11_8"> 6.95</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" scale="3" id="Tc_oiJk12qhkk6EB4xW9DA0Rg_11_10">364,287</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Tc_aT_zVxnzoESKdCrvkN8kpQ_12_2">2,765,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_KN23_NLzfEWtQgry7jSb-A_12_4">0.20</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_TkUT_C6fu0C74-KiPkdlLA_12_6">3.27</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" scale="0" id="Tc_ZG6PGlzr0Ei0Zl87rjyBiw_13_2">4,502,326</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_y6tHZMW4qUudHbzBav4IuA_13_4">0.20</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_vYxi6662gUWaBuX-KcF1ZQ_13_6">2.09</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_oXMWWh45Yk-FewRVnS8-Og_14_2">1,950,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_3Cojs37OP0qtpcieOYfxUQ_14_4">0.47</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_jmcB2o6iFUqc9ze9fVw3Cg_14_6">7.69</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_Pe10PodY_kaYHPCSPO9gng_15_2">56,274,213</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_xJZq4HN6nU6CO-l0xPDZ0Q_15_4">0.16</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_n9z6dc8MxkC6pHHgsOBxMA_15_6">4.42</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" id="Tc_N8AR6r8XSEiE6kJS7vR1pQ_15_8"> 6.04</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" scale="3" id="Tc_slVmHJfWoEWFF5ngBSzqTA_15_10">98,287</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" scale="0" id="Tc_WG_-ZDEmA0CUjvh6Z1c7Rw_17_2">3,770,958</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_-ToSJyAO_k6mXPHq-leVRg_17_4">0.31</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_ahxxYK-Nr02_ixvqvXU-5Q_17_6">3.54</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_gHeWJMQUjECCTq7SHivaiw_18_2">831,250</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_H_A6nsOSf02OK6D0m6tm0Q_18_4">0.36</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_UNHDyclXt024oZNKd9JZ5w_18_6">7.16</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_EzgH63YQQUicsSBLsKj9Mg_19_2">51,672,005</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_uDmcqg74VEOWooWdeQyaNg_19_4">0.15</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_VICc_vwEXE6LFlVgAV6paA_19_6">4.44</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" id="Tc_wPOSnNPR30SHE5Xd2SrTIg_19_8"> 4.95</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" scale="3" id="Tc_f8AAkZL4GEuMPwsO2d2csA_19_10">105,285</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the estimated fair value of the underlying stock at each reporting date (December 31, 2021: US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" scale="3" id="Narr_2PRJsZ15VUSpH1BAMhgGeg">374,760</ix:nonFraction>, December 31, 2022: US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" scale="3" id="Narr_YhBt6haTnE-3iPOsvI--Qw">107,484</ix:nonFraction>, December 31, 2023: US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" scale="3" id="Narr_TZVQOgLyMkOOHQ1M7LMXHg">118,846</ix:nonFraction>).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The Group uses the Binominal option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. The assumptions used to value the Company&#8217;s options grants were as follow:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" id="Tb_nY65jSa5oke2GZPeDtk_4A" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercise price (US Dollar)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_ih5EC2m0eEuH1Qh9zeYhww" decimals="1" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice" 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decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_PdimBwIhUUWoVMM8QCodNw_3_4">0.2</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercise multiple</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_H57KTo09rEGw2IPFoLZNuA" decimals="1" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple" scale="0" id="Narr_B_QT8SuRYkK1Tv5FoIjbzQ">2.2</ix:nonFraction>~<ix:nonFraction 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name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple" scale="0" id="Narr_XEZiQC2OdUOnW6gxOBytzw">2.2</ix:nonFraction>~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Xg66BVJHq0y43iXHHIZWzg" decimals="1" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple" scale="0" id="Narr_nqtTsk8GeU-7FjY2KR-nhA">2.8</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Risk-free interest rate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" scale="-2" id="Narr_6c1CMTwXhEOa83Qv6DFTRA">1.13</ix:nonFraction>%~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" scale="-2" id="Narr_f2KLvKxnV0WUkKwC0lBMrg">1.79</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" scale="-2" id="Narr_0_PEpzJ_5UyFNIcZX91E9A">1.92</ix:nonFraction>%~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" scale="-2" id="Narr_1d0URt2iM06cr67oYf0_fA">3.22</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected term (in years)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" id="Tc_TeQPKP_AYUy9NnePDkKKTQ_6_2">10</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" id="Tc_u4kbptP5SEe7m289Sc8AMw_6_4"> 10</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_1mCZYEzHp06ksBbxgLYFmw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">N/A</span></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected dividend yield</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected volatility</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" scale="-2" id="Narr_EtvCFvsTzU-Yp2t2a_baRQ">50.40</ix:nonFraction>%~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" scale="-2" id="Narr_YMaKWn8TRk23r8dedKq2ig">55.79</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" scale="-2" id="Narr_dL70XBkhiEmjpLsCmJNTEw">55.68</ix:nonFraction>%~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" scale="-2" id="Narr_MKSNTg0gC0KE7UNaOlEk-g">55.78</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_H57KTo09rEGw2IPFoLZNuA" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_hh7tHc5AjEWj6SKK14uzTg">2.96</ix:nonFraction>%~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_x1aWrazn9U2sjcGue1gd6w" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_dl8vW65GYkOkesX0QYhJRg">5.83</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_cBUDbmA0yUSRxOAIQteSxw" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_EQMat3u7W0mVdzxsGnGtQw">5.83</ix:nonFraction>%~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Xg66BVJHq0y43iXHHIZWzg" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_cEPabmAqzEmoGmEgzwQTuQ">7.70</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of options grants (US Dollar)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_ih5EC2m0eEuH1Qh9zeYhww" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharePrice" scale="0" id="Narr_F2TJfUWkwEWrgFgzewilMA">6.25</ix:nonFraction>~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_JC2PwaGJlEaC4EYWK97lDQ" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharePrice" scale="0" id="Narr_VY5BUtFAEEicu9F25rHXug">20.91</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_BH72GXym6k6EXa8R42jW8w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharePrice" scale="0" id="Narr_ZBsvysL3uEy2DzqW4zIjJQ">2.24</ix:nonFraction>~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_ZHAcSNAgM02e_M6zjEZ2Jw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharePrice" scale="0" id="Narr_5DsquUYNC02-vVXpzKH0KA">5.46</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Fair value of share option (US Dollar)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_H57KTo09rEGw2IPFoLZNuA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption" scale="0" id="Narr_wZBS4_GWEkKsdDyZe8qWjg">5.78</ix:nonFraction>~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_x1aWrazn9U2sjcGue1gd6w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption" scale="0" id="Narr_l4m6VaHEnUOqAzYcOLd9Pg">20.91</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_cBUDbmA0yUSRxOAIQteSxw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption" scale="0" id="Narr_rV9T1l0Vi0OQ2O_fy4d5yw">2.05</ix:nonFraction>~<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Xg66BVJHq0y43iXHHIZWzg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption" scale="0" id="Narr_3sdG6c01P0OLMcgKe5ELyw">5.27</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For the year ended December 31, 2023, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_SJFNK2wpl0WvGxfBxD_tQg" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_zFbda1d9nki7ROCNN7c4nA">no</ix:nonFraction> new share option granted by the Company.</p></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-36</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_TXcRz2Qg-0KNq1rpcnURgA_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_DDgbjD9wpEmNgGJWUMuRHw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_dAa60KhLmkKavQEqvD0ulg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_wkA7ls6o1E2Wc2BiH8OWFQ_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_evz0NytIY0--0MbZdNznYg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_bw1P4SVeQk2nsY59DRSfvA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_gB64IiFckE-ZC8irp0wKkg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_PdEM2noY5kaMPan8zaGGxQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_IWGlv2dPrkKeVL2x7WlASQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc__lcuyHmN9kmevfwW6INaNA_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_-2K0uoEXX0idEnWlWpQyWw_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_-b5fG0ZySUSpeJ-qZbuocQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_xqdDGPQ8LEe_D_CFNruZyQ_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_Bn9-QmaN5kqQNCCOvYvh7Q_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_BWhUH5G190OdMDDZoDbscQ_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_qRRycUu5ykyrn1Vu8rotzA_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_wDOH33U39Umt4VddrauLuQ_14_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_5EOtQq7wiUyCjrlQWw2zGg_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_hvfKXuYn1kezz9fWlCzSLQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" scale="3" id="Narr_lHtmQDfLpE23_a3MPtg_9Q">127,887</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_hc7XhHSMeEupsy2BnRENaA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" scale="3" id="Narr_oQHXBpXz1UydIiWroHyXOQ">65,970</ix:nonFraction> of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to share options granted by the Company, which were expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_8aS0usUHB0yqzIiK_ykb1g" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" id="Narr_mS88QJs7sUmbnc_vOVdakg">1.05</ix:nonNumeric> years and <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_SJFNK2wpl0WvGxfBxD_tQg" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" id="Narr_JC-64gKELki-Si1O3jf5DA">0.56</ix:nonNumeric> year, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Restricted Share Units:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The following table sets forth the service-based RSUs activity for the year ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock" id="Tb_7QpMaQur2E2leaKI1T7ZLA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted&#160;average&#160;grant</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">date&#160;fair&#160;value&#160;per&#160;share</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2020</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_QJf8LoUK50ya8hz2Caj1jw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_RhKEdhip5kCcqfzBx9dMdg_4_2">3,217,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_QJf8LoUK50ya8hz2Caj1jw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_3aQNOxnlb0iwQM36Rt-1Vw_4_4">8.95</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_QJf8LoUK50ya8hz2Caj1jw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_CLyWYqmD_Em6nB_e186Czw_5_2">167,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_QJf8LoUK50ya8hz2Caj1jw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_kglA6eNKP0Kz25xCOjk6SQ_5_4">11.80</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_UG-ao7VZFU60QX2baD003Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_BZIDowHZfk6grT092qFQnw_6_2">3,050,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_UG-ao7VZFU60QX2baD003Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_GRq-Rac130KKAFLcnVVIrg_6_4">8.80</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_711EntkJ4UWjO0lner5RBg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_WoONkBzGv0i8k6Vw_tQNeg_7_2">10,205,500</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_711EntkJ4UWjO0lner5RBg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_bAztpITAA06IuJWzT5D2ng_7_4">2.58</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Vested</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_711EntkJ4UWjO0lner5RBg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_aQtb9GnBzkGa3_o0tKU8Eg_8_2">346,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_711EntkJ4UWjO0lner5RBg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_318qaLOXIUGeTwOLn6owsg_8_4">6.68</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_711EntkJ4UWjO0lner5RBg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_Tq5d5E1S-kGc21XWYWVt1g_9_2">1,270,750</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_711EntkJ4UWjO0lner5RBg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_MXPRlo1KNUm9N64Y-gzG6g_9_4">7.80</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4w2u0doGb0yiLqpSy8Ipzg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" scale="0" id="Tc__XYfdbKKm0iVmpW-LUKVRA_10_2">11,638,750</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4w2u0doGb0yiLqpSy8Ipzg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_1r5LssYasESv8Ien4bF8ew_10_4">3.51</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_cVAGnJBcyE-sIUKJqJxWVA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_l7FdZgW6MEubNeur0LFNrQ_11_2">1,181,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_cVAGnJBcyE-sIUKJqJxWVA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_IAhylX1Gs0qZI6a21yPdYw_11_4">1.79</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Vested</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_cVAGnJBcyE-sIUKJqJxWVA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_NqW6JqI0l0GYs_Fu0QZ-zw_12_2">2,276,875</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_cVAGnJBcyE-sIUKJqJxWVA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_BC-HpXt9EkWTQba5rMOhXA_12_4">4.76</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_cVAGnJBcyE-sIUKJqJxWVA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_YVQy58rMlUaHl2ZhlzAMZw_13_2">1,219,750</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_cVAGnJBcyE-sIUKJqJxWVA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_XrZ8XyIf-ku-EBEf0_JKpA_13_4">4.34</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_dYkIJjJi8kWpXgElX38FQQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_0ktKVI-5a06WSNtrmEDhdA_14_2">9,323,125</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_dYkIJjJi8kWpXgElX38FQQ" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_8zKQFcC6XUW2FS3_BDEXqA_14_4">2.88</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4w2u0doGb0yiLqpSy8Ipzg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" scale="3" id="Narr_X1niDaUefkm1gkRMRFMVRw">33,197</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_dYkIJjJi8kWpXgElX38FQQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" scale="3" id="Narr_Fzf9WQ8BFkyUUeNvvSapsw">20,695</ix:nonFraction> of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to RSUs granted by the Company, which were expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_711EntkJ4UWjO0lner5RBg" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" id="Narr_wsbQBlcnREG-fKuh3YSKhQ">3.40</ix:nonNumeric> years and <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_cVAGnJBcyE-sIUKJqJxWVA" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" id="Narr_RCMoEK2O6UqjWr74r_Udvw">2.61</ix:nonNumeric> years, respectively. The fair value of the RSUs are measured at market price of the Company at the grant date and are held under employee share scheme until such time as they are vested.</p></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_6VNrgzACjUuTAhHc3taxRg" continuedAt="Tb_6VNrgzACjUuTAhHc3taxRg_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">17.&#160;&#160;Income Taxes</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Under the current tax laws of Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to income, corporation or capital gains tax, and no withholding tax is imposed upon the payment of dividends.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">British Virgin Islands</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, entities incorporated in the British Virgin Islands are not subject to tax on their income or capital gains.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Hong Kong</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Under the current Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance, the Group&#8217;s subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_rMd8FPHOkkacv65h6BewDQ" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_7LpYXNUyYUibWQrp3hLdaA">16.5</ix:nonFraction>% Hong Kong profit tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Hong Kong.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">PRC</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">PRC Enterprise Income Tax (&#8220;EIT&#8221;)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On March&#160;16, 2007, the National People&#8217;s Congress of PRC enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law (the &#8220;new CIT Law&#8221;), under which foreign invested enterprises (&#8220;FIEs&#8221;) and domestic companies would be subject to enterprise income tax (&#8220;EIT &#8220;) at a uniform rate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_3_16_2007_To_3_16_2007_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_wHpJmErnz0qF6eWBRK5gLA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_t8RH1ylZW0KMYBmVUUlW7Q">25</ix:nonFraction>%. The new CIT law became effective on January&#160;1, 2008. In accordance with the implementation rules&#160;of EIT Law, a qualified &#8220;High and New Technology Enterprise&#8221; (&#8220;HNTE&#8221;) is eligible for a preferential tax rate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:PreferentialTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_AIFtweqyc0GV6Gl2HXsUXQ">15</ix:nonFraction>%. The HNTE certificate is effective for a period of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="tuya:HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod" id="Narr_gKF7aqkQe0aBEuZMTZAyGg">three&#160;years</ix:nonNumeric>. An entity could&#160;re-apply&#160;for the HNTE certificate when the prior certificate expires.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-37</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_6VNrgzACjUuTAhHc3taxRg_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_6VNrgzACjUuTAhHc3taxRg_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The WFOE (Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd.) obtained its HNTE certificate with a valid period of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_hznsroSiMU60nduFIdztKw" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="tuya:HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod" id="Narr_RE_ldtVXtkuzVzQQPKj3xg">three years</ix:nonNumeric> in November 2018, and renewed in December 2021 with a valid period of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="tuya:HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod" id="Narr_3BiZJy1nRkauevFaYxbmWw">three&#160;years</ix:nonNumeric>. Therefore, the WFOE is eligible to enjoy a preferential tax rate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:PreferentialTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_u1wmxJBfs0mFYdCYl1CiTw">15</ix:nonFraction>% from the years ended December 31, 2018 to 2023, to the extent it has taxable income under the EIT Law, and as long as it maintains the HNTE qualification and duly conducts relevant EIT filing procedures with the relevant tax authority.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">PRC Withholding Income Tax on Dividends</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The EIT Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or region but whose &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; is located in the PRC be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_hznsroSiMU60nduFIdztKw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_ldl10dIlOkmlTRUkooVDlg">25</ix:nonFraction>% for its global income. The implementing Rules&#160;of the EIT Law merely define the location of the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; as &#8220;the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, properties, etc., of a&#160;non-PRC&#160;company is located.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The EIT Law also imposes a withholding income tax of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:WithholdingIncomeTaxRateOnDividendsDistributed" scale="-2" id="Narr_zPAUTyG1GEOG7zVYZgFk9A">10</ix:nonFraction>% on dividends distributed by a FIE to its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a&#160;non-resident&#160;enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company&#8217;s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August&#160;2006, dividends paid by a FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong can be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfImmediateHoldingCompanyInHongKongOwnsDirectlyAtLeast25OfShares" scale="-2" id="Narr_ZqG4lFe-ikOcvuE7SvwpUg">5</ix:nonFraction>% if the immediate holding company in Hong Kong owns directly at least <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:PercentageOfSharesOfFieForWithholdingIncomeTaxRateOf5" scale="-2" id="Narr_RksqMSNiO0qfvW5W0-6MqQ">25</ix:nonFraction>% of the shares of the FIE and could be recognized as a Beneficial Owner of the dividend from PRC tax perspective.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company did not record any withholding tax on the retained earnings of its subsidiaries in the PRC as the Group does not have retained earnings for any of the years presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">United States</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company&#8217;s subsidiary in California, United States is subject to U.S. federal corporate tax and California corporate franchise tax on its taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant U.S. tax laws. The applicable U.S. federal corporate tax rate is <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_QqLpjxwrqEW4VIZvFy7pyQ" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_iOGeVprW40i8VC8ywTuSUA">21</ix:nonFraction>% and the California corporate franchise tax rate is <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FranchiseTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_XqX721bYqky1Bh-9CqP_YQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FranchiseTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_x2C0Oc4ZikuwNSDUMkch2w"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FranchiseTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_boMg_NsE5UON28V_GdcPYQ">8.84</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>% or minimum of $<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="1" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FranchiseTax" scale="0" id="Narr_mwjhn8zt80C-3BB2Ue196g"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="1" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FranchiseTax" scale="0" id="Narr_kHi3JCw0ZUidt6XqQRm_Jg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="1" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:FranchiseTax" scale="0" id="Narr_eLFKiwx7zE-apFtdXWR9jA">0.8</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>, whatever is larger in 2021,2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On December&#160;22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the &#8220;Tax Act&#8221;). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code including, but not limited to: (1)&#160;reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_12_22_2017_To_12_22_2017_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_5fy9OG5D6EaHaFParIMb8Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_lUuqe_OAJ0qJtk2JoXD1fQ">35</ix:nonFraction>% to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_QqLpjxwrqEW4VIZvFy7pyQ" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_CokwNssxg0awWqHVdGqJeQ">21</ix:nonFraction>%; (2)&#160;requiring companies to pay a&#160;one-time&#160;transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries; (3)&#160;generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (4)&#160;requiring a current inclusion in U.S. federal taxable income of certain earnings of controlled foreign corporations; (5)&#160;eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (&#8220;AMT&#8221;) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (6)&#160;creating the base erosion anti-abuse tax (&#8220;BEAT&#8221;), a new minimum tax; (7)&#160;creating a new limitation on deductible interest expense; and (8)&#160;changing rules&#160;related to uses and limitations of net operating loss carry-forwards created in tax&#160;years beginning after December&#160;31, 2017. In addition, the California corporate franchise tax remained the same after the enactment of the Tax Act.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company assessed the impact of Tax Act and concluded that it was not material to the Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As the Group incurred income tax expense mainly from PRC tax jurisdictions, the following information is based mainly on PRC income taxes.</p></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-38</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><a id="_5a530ed0_a852_442b_b8db_c206bc06f614"></a><a id="Tc_dW5KlM1I8ka6MPm_oWmCwA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_XVV5XdMcaUa323cCj90NHg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_kgFLpcVLrkKFsKAsk9Oxew_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_fUFInRZW4kqwOtimiP20sQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_BudBzjX4A0aGuED1T-uKTA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_BEZn0fYPPEmrckpXmdCFQQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc__66JlvgMeEumu641UT1V2Q_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_uuRryrsS3UWxlU1SJMKVLA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_WAPnxVxOn0iXvSx1C1wncg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_ih_yCxhDt0Gq5mPVAsw9kQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_-IZzOI1ECEWZP-rYPTaV5w_7_0"></a><a id="_94f0c095_3dcc_416b_be41_b4518b9dc79c"></a><a id="Tc_ndyrtkcPVUO1mw7zO_7Isg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_UZgZHuZSFE2JNH_9IGu4sQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_fLexlXGC50m01CZMseaY8Q_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_GTVDlilUiUyiCwD4SjdNrQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_hf7nLBn8XU6yia1ECR-4Yw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_xlXMqT-CFUq-Fw4SHXbfTg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_eQofWWkPAEe45X3aBChCxw_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_NBDlSGk1ekGw39hqkUOM-A_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_x1zXQSw8d0KRv_EicAJBwQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_xBGuT_t5wEe-UjqXXowyAA_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_ShG8Wha4SkeFM-4OMBoYYA_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_n6C629Pwu0ihB3oYp5ZF3A_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_Slc-4m51CkGc97T7zj-3-g_6_0"></a><a id="_7ec2c35f_58a1_4b22_af3a_fb97e167d95c"></a><a id="Tc_P5aVrQlhN0-j2qIwUhbN2A_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_AvvuLP4y-UeDZ1e-8TWq5w_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_d9WG8X7nAEKv_jbGNMiBjw_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_rnntgHyoLUavRPN3QRwrFQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_6ZJNBe30pUKhOO026OF_xw_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_KepkDhnM6Ei7D_WFNpzUpg_3_3"></a><a id="Tc_2FONNuOb70-6QetZ8gd7lA_3_5"></a><a id="Tc_HDQcYk4IwUO5aDHdzHp6Pw_3_7"></a><a id="Tc_tyLh_B5kVE-zatOs-mcKsw_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_Qca5IdEckECkbmQpa4EIgA_4_3"></a><a id="Tc_1pB1FUia6kOtQpeSs7g4dA_4_5"></a><a id="Tc_-kpsdG8zFUW7mWUg3CaXmQ_4_7"></a><a id="Tc_6kRuWUtiYE6ktHd46YyUZQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_3hyla3vG6EOfGiNDtUjk_A_5_3"></a><a id="Tc_9_UJ1AApyE6poaL8xXLg1A_5_5"></a><a id="Tc_Ke8ZkrDrnUauNaCvIvMA4A_5_7"></a><a id="Tc_WP8AK-ShREm4TrZ3ED1UJA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_TAeNHeTSMkemGIgtBDBczw_6_3"></a><a id="Tc_jaP8jQHOlkOeNoCjUbsbeQ_6_5"></a><a id="Tc_XcDYMNdbBECRZ1kUP3PqxQ_6_7"></a><a id="Tc_MElm0RbRxEywko_B4WJA_g_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_W2XQ_I2Dyk2LCen2mHafQw_7_3"></a><a id="Tc_p5tTLSeFNkigRYrHAdWSeQ_7_5"></a><a id="Tc_PoXpMXKYWESnB1tipaPWbQ_7_7"></a><a id="Tc_9PMgzgssmUKiKY_dCY4O9Q_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_JxWe6qFO9UKxtvv4yfkPrA_8_3"></a><a id="Tc_J_WRpn8EYUyHB7YTAcZBAA_8_5"></a><a id="Tc_2h_u4cvjbE6q_Bo0GTBxew_8_7"></a><a id="Tc_WppgE5azw06RJjh-XE9FWA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_4W5NLw_eUkewmJZaj8jh5g_9_3"></a><a id="Tc_xbcr3ZhPg0aV-kckZAlVwg_9_5"></a><a id="Tc_19tZGmFhJk-oNek1lNX7ag_9_7"></a><a id="Tc_u3hGOPN_fkOqVquD21lPHg_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_wZfJdUdwKku0LQi96Ejuzw_10_3"></a><a id="Tc_UrPdPB8I60uTmLWNhYI_mA_10_5"></a><a id="Tc__6AkwMhg_kSqBVO-5Pz4VQ_10_7"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_6VNrgzACjUuTAhHc3taxRg_cont2" continuedAt="Tb_6VNrgzACjUuTAhHc3taxRg_cont3"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Composition of income tax expense</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The components of loss before tax are as follow:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" id="Tb_CsvjHCAAbkW2LA5xEPOubg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Loss before tax</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 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style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total income tax expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 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name="us-gaap:FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations" scale="3" id="Tc_J1hi-vU2vECBq_LaQWhaNg_6_4">1,880</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations" scale="3" 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escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">PRC Statutory income tax rate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Tc_FJo2mYWC6EGJXSLv7ejMNA_3_6">25.0</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of tax rates in different tax jurisdiction</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" sign="-" scale="-2" id="Tc_xluRPmGP1kGySGz8t4_BRw_4_2">2.0</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" sign="-" scale="-2" id="Tc__pgKMIMma02ax4bs3GMEuQ_4_4">0.3</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseResearchAndDevelopment" scale="-2" id="Tc_2lnNBy9QlU-6xGqYqIDNMg_6_6">17.7</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share-based compensation expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" sign="-" scale="-2" id="Tc_eQ8gMLiKu02STgN_ragglg_7_4">10.5</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" 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id="Tc_pqPHp3Crg0mTmKZ4CtCHCA_8_6">1.6</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Change in valuation allowance (2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" sign="-" scale="-2" id="Tc_lss4HNgBa0ScbFN6rX_ZNw_9_4">16.6</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="3" 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name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" sign="-" scale="-2" id="Tc_8-enmWav2UqW6k1937xpJA_10_6">5.7</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The effect of the preferential income tax rate that the WFOE is entitled to enjoy as a qualified HNTE is </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:PreferentialTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_Njc2A-jygES_w6Zwk5ZGFQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:PreferentialTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_sX-ln2yLWkeB0LQAc57LVg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:PreferentialTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_iFbH2FIpLE2wHwHsBqjYlA">15</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>%</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Valuation allowance for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are related to the deferred tax assets of certain group entities which reported losses. The Group believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets of these entities will not be utilized. Therefore, valuation allowance has been provided.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-39</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><a id="Tc_eVf1NiEm80WFX58KvTNn1w_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_VnWz7rO4Rky-Qrz3fYelNA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_iROtvaNvNUapfTLvh9MpqA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_niHIeUKha0OY25MxJgOyPg_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_0Jy8NGeGyUixpJ5lhllchQ_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_8MqxHtFJZUCssYOHNplLjA_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_0nyc-syUpUaBelU19HvfJA_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_n6wlhA6xmkyssJawGGxjow_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_RPkhfqKRVkmxdMVkHXvqqw_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_wkp0lsaWmE6VS66fk_5A9A_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_K7Gcv4a7X0GqXEFzQRHHoQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_4XGRdVNmak69SVT__mXNiA_8_2"></a><a id="Tc_IISl_EVGOEmipiZThFE3-g_8_4"></a><a id="Tc_b0rJb9BsEkSjH60nyL-zyw_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_cdFQONTEEkasWskY-9qH_g_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_kM9jd9G1AESzmus3dd5gkQ_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_3hwDBh2-ZkunNK9_e7csOg_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_XmlNb5NqSkGspM7ZQruRvw_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_kBruKYU1h0a5nSLqWzzp1Q_13_2"></a><a id="Tc_y4C1kkvczU2Yky9K3ULplg_13_4"></a><a id="Tc_-4lKaFswI0ixYOMIlDgdNg_13_6"></a><a id="Tc_Wgv2HL8fGUmDungRFKFlIg_1_0"></a><a id="Tc_WhTpLKEIZ06_o2WC9h24VQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_X9RI6nlZQ0-zHfJlOzTXWw_2_0"></a><a id="Tc_hVa1zuuJo0KsgiAPBsGVzQ_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_KhaQxBfXz06eJ_F8QhzEAA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_MYzIEf6rykqS4pv2mVbdSA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_QxJcUfAObkiXwTDP36zGoA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_2sNrtr9xskC6JJs-_vSx6g_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_q7b-SGHy70ytw1ej8M7d9g_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_7eUH7abcEk2ToOfGr_LFFg_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_DY07BheRRE62aVFsBIkXDw_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_p0T7N28e9USBupQqJHs4GA_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_L8fWQPnb5UiLEuaRb8Silw_12_0"></a><a id="_d5d6678a_8cd2_47e8_8d30_4c3b04e4807c"></a><a id="Tc_tzBOZG2m1kSDWhgtjctN7w_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_eLJXZd4QwEKj2XOcmgEXOg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_oXSxmgNcwkO3wWDvpwYKKQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_l3OA-lL5zk-UeCf5nf1Jnw_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_lxYu5yR8Ck6W5G7PRGwQpg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_kxt8DP16Uky7lDQUi60mRA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_AiGbhpYt2EeOUnCH3IIAaw_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_ZpPpRkx9Pk6DJNaeCX5fNQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_jD9Gn0YfhUaJts7eQyzuRA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_5moEF_mMwkOJA5qELbUrWw_6_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_6VNrgzACjUuTAhHc3taxRg_cont3"><ix:continuation id="Tb_DIHZlTzzok6srlkI6UC6VA_cont1"></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The following table sets forth the significant 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Net accumulated losses-carry forward</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" scale="3" id="Tc_jSEuAu3dk02ZMONzh3uesw_6_2">76,944</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" scale="3" id="Tc_WNLCm4JFpU-p6WyA7btIWg_6_4">103,231</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" scale="3" id="Tc_C6emFFtG_02-5g4BFIKo6w_6_6">114,958</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Payroll liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefits" scale="3" id="Tc_mfU1jwA2fkGXzrzPj7GFuA_7_2">5,438</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefits" scale="3" id="Tc_XJuFOe3NtUGuXuylwK5LRA_7_4">2,915</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 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&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" scale="3" id="Tc_C9rhs5VdGUGtIyyIm5n57w_9_6">531</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Receivables allowances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="3" id="Tc_2pQ-HeoJQUeBxJ_Q1GEeaQ_10_2">171</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="3" id="Tc_AVJH-Ap6P0OC6YvxaXBODA_10_4">42</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOther" scale="3" id="Tc_sE74_-hGnkK2zQWt6VFngw_11_6">106</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Less: valuation allowance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="3" id="Tc_36FiO2815EmwKb6UwMxaJA_12_2">82,964</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Group had tax losses carry forwards of approximately US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards" scale="3" id="Narr_4OYZovXHgUKq09zeTEuYfQ">608,109</ix:nonFraction>, which mainly arose from its subsidiaries established in the PRC. 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style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">At December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_tuya_ExpirationYear2024Member_u_LZv9HZ80i1eNgot2UEDw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc_EcDLTuQ8YE-O4mz0bDobyQ_2_2">227</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2025</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_tuya_ExpirationYear2025Member_G_L1P_g7zkuEBPFi2was2A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc_wdWVdgj32EOLRvyjnw5seg_3_2">59,719</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2026</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_tuya_ExpirationYear2026Member_7AdjML1cy0acyov6hE8CvA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc_dijiPQ_3P0GDyAmH-IRo2g_4_2">106,030</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2027</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_tuya_ExpirationYear2027Member_kxl-5vx2JEKWQayTGS8NLw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc_hcoA0w_Wb0OWkXhuiFX_Vw_5_2">50,463</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2028</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member_BPEkR4TDXEapBv_Rtmh01w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc_56Ylex58H0aAeQw_hJ0qbw_6_2">59,405</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2029</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member_SKaMnrt7N0SJSVUbNvMcXA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc_a4btJXm1bkejqO5dfdRFeQ_7_2">68,687</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2030</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member_TMdvyR1P3E6Xft5_azNLgw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc_vtui3HqbfkCp5CE-x12EnQ_8_2">37,607</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2031</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member_MJpq-jiJzUSSCDohgsiB7Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc_FfItUYevEUWfXPBfJNYM7g_9_2">34,690</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2032</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member_3BRMl5bK5UilBftOjtv3BA" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc_t90AHYqZZ0SoMWvjjxghrg_10_2">98,215</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2033</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member_7goZI27wUUyFbVnVskzvWw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc_84P6yVgzz0akxofaMQ5TaA_11_2">36,502</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total tax losses carry forwards</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" scale="3" id="Tc__qUw8GQIEECLvOYYVXpMAQ_12_2">551,545</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Movement of valuation allowance</p><ix:nonNumeric 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Balance at beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_3iJBFBHInEmbypTnyfkJ8w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="3" 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0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="3" id="Tc_LtG3kF4KIEW8aeXM2Nx5iQ_4_6">106,967</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Changes of valuation allowance(1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" scale="3" id="Tc_WSffDuivkEyJo9SSp6dkgQ_5_2">45,559</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" scale="3" id="Tc_F8-zC2q86EagEA4fMIKV1g_5_4">24,003</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" scale="3" id="Tc_6dVceuRsik6qfJIQwUjnnw_5_6">12,779</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Balance at end of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_b9Q8BYDdRku6GgdFLK9rog" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="3" id="Tc_c7qax3KfME-eSePoGzkPCw_6_2">82,964</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="3" id="Tc_4U5v0vJgYEStn9pqJ2jSSA_6_4">106,967</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="3" id="Tc_waTCqSmFf069C2I0zIG7Sg_6_6">119,746</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Valuation allowances have been provided against deferred tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. In making such determination, the Group evaluates a variety of factors including the Group&#8217;s entities&#8217; operating history, accumulated deficit, existence of taxable temporary differences and reversal periods. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, full valuation allowances on deferred tax assets were provided because it was more likely than not that the Group will not be able to utilize tax loss carry forwards and other temporary tax difference generated by its unprofitable subsidiaries and the VIE.</span></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-40</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><a id="Tc_-teDu_4050eSlgyYrxYi2Q_1_2"></a><a id="Tc__wTKFcVpB0-4XqrOZzzdgw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_n0RXTRPc-EmKSXBT_6u5KQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_lh7VvwpkUkqc352TsVdAGQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_NgYIgHMZnE-VOsxY7e7Dow_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_anDcPpLAlkeb58yfTSXnDw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_uelyqyKLEkiL0qB64z0mUQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_OJ0YPQR0tUO6Ptxch4dC1g_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_Z9cJmMWMLESVLVq9E7fG2w_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_oxKB48dajU28E76IxTQLBA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZQY4yEe8u0W4HrA-Eh7YRg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_UJUPIZATFUOZAUGs5Uo2tw_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_MI636qPDSEunKVt0tfmJ2A_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_mDIshectZkmu0u-Prhqdog_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_c_CeyCrFO0Sd7-fXv9VVDA_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_fLKmQAx3VEiCP4sOM8Mktg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_0xc0K-iY5U6eYdNiuynL4g_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_4IDLL70rO0a_1ya-XnqtCQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_SFzDzRHxcESgVdfYtEeRQQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_tdTGHv2xpE-f3ifu6xZ5Kg_3_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock" id="Tb_KOiqp20Ojkug3SHG9Wr9ow" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">18.</b>&#160;&#160;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">Basic and diluted loss per share have been calculated in accordance with ASC 260 on computation of earnings (loss) per share for each of the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are calculated as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" id="Tb_oX6IceRMQk6o3OSF8xRdsw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Basic and diluted net loss per share calculation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Numerator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.&#8217;s ordinary shareholders, basic and diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_1A1gP5AqN0W4JP6qqljIvQ_6_2">175,424</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td 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0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_Db5bHo5QnU2IvXt9fl7bIg_6_6">60,315</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_z1oDKFRI7UiqxnKqHXn1NA_8_2">489,149,533</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Basic</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_JpIHZ9j2VE62kUGabBHYBg_10_2">0.36</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_PxoYnVd_AEGHPJpLPk-21Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_yYVXbvFrMEWkBH-IzL7aLw_11_2">0.36</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_mJ8CNrxdYkWNL2IC6SFx2Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Less&#160;Than&#160;1&#160;year</b></p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">3-5 years</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PurchaseObligation" scale="3" id="Tc_-Afeq1ziJkWmvijaJdrXww_3_2">15,667</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PurchaseObligationDueInNextTwelveMonths" scale="3" id="Tc_KXg4jav2wUCbxSV6c7UHmQ_3_4">5,042</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PurchaseObligationDueInSecondAndThirdYear" scale="3" id="Tc_GhNu5X3x3kmKfP36ppl0Iw_3_6">10,625</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(i)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">Purchase obligations represent US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted" scale="3" id="Narr_VNei4p3jwU2xEQ7dWwKMYg">24,604</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted" scale="3" id="Narr_FQu2oIzgDEGTmI8POoRh1g">15,667</ix:nonFraction> of remaining non-cancellable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, related to one of the Group&#8217;s third-party cloud infrastructure agreements, under which the Group committed to spend an aggregate of at least US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue" scale="3" id="Narr_d00vT4hruEWtd1FfWWDW7g">37,500</ix:nonFraction> between June 1, 2021 and May 31, 2026 with minimum purchase commitment. 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<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_MMwZGk2q5EGj63S3GqqGAQ_cont1"><ix:continuation id="Tb_zuvL3QotwEesq78zMGt_5Q_cont1"></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(d)&#160;Contingencies</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">On August 9, 2022, the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors were named as defendants in a putative securities class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging that certain material misstatements and/or omissions were made in the Company&#8217;s March 2021 U.S. IPO registration statement. As of the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements, the case remained in its preliminary stage and the Group was unable to predict the outcome of the case, or reasonably estimate a range of possible loss, if any, given the current status of the case. The Group records a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Group reviews the need for any such liability on a regular basis. The Group has not recorded any material liability in this regard for the above action as of December 31, 2023. Other than as disclosed above, as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group was not involved in any legal or administrative proceedings that the Group believes may have a material adverse impact on the Group&#8217;s business, balance sheets or results of operations and cash flows.</p></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_70ef0c81_bb1a_480a_936f_5219562ab611"></a><a id="Tc_muui8-mZ9UOwXhMbvKitew_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_Qkh7RIun-E6U92EZIHc2oA_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_wpUgotUfI0WWeS6KsN6IEA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_UHKTkt_i9UWslP_BfKHybQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_bGhzvePnlUKuB5-Z1rjSMw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_1PBO3zONJEiWyuICYEzSag_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_6VMMcGBjbE2Qzit1xxqMFw_5_0"></a><a id="_a667e38b_67db_473c_b5fa_ee78384b2723"></a><a id="Tc_DZINy5cvbECzU1HqQT9j9g_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_Sk3W73TdXkKd70YCZaqhIg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_VGVKjZ4sYE2FJi1v3ekkFg_2_4"></a><a 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escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">20.&#160;&#160;Related Party Transactions</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The related parties with which the Group had transactions during the years presented are as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" id="Group_FramRA4Zg0uwOJ8CYf0XKA" continuedAt="Group_FramRA4Zg0uwOJ8CYf0XKA_2" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.21%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:58.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Due to Tencent Group </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_VhtG4q91GEyMuLsfquFo_w_5_2">306</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_qRtPFPZSzUWCIpvAq2aeBQ_5_4">10</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepaid service fee to Tencent Group</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" scale="3" id="Tc_RbQ1l34_jEmyjv-SwJXYVA_6_2">97</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock" id="Tb_FjV9FNuhLU6c_ndVYcy-Og" continuedAt="Tb_FjV9FNuhLU6c_ndVYcy-Og_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">21.&#160;&#160;Subsequent Events</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 18pt;">The Group has evaluated subsequent events through the date these consolidated financial statements are issued, with no material events or transactions needing recognition or disclosure found.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-42</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_FjV9FNuhLU6c_ndVYcy-Og_cont1"></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="us-gaap:CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_PnuGldpNXkOd7pNauul7cg" continuedAt="Tb_PnuGldpNXkOd7pNauul7cg_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">22.&#160;&#160;Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Group&#8217;s entities incorporated in the PRC only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, the Group&#8217;s entities in the PRC are required to annually appropriate <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund" scale="-2" id="Narr_LA8qddyiHEKEpYn-iCc00g">10</ix:nonFraction>% of their net&#160;after-tax&#160;income to the statutory general reserve fund prior to payment of any dividends, unless such reserve funds have reached <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_r0WsqDH0KEqN38D800p85w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="tuya:AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital" scale="-2" id="Narr_hZYf6xpkVkqxoZ7eXQc9Rw">50</ix:nonFraction>% of their respective registered capital. As a result of these and other restrictions under PRC laws and regulations, the Group&#8217;s entities and the VIE subsidiary incorporated in the PRC are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company either in the form of dividends, loans or advances, which restricted portion as calculated under U.S. GAAP amounted to US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_1kPE7MQ0iEWWRyc6xq8Fdg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries" scale="3" id="Narr_WXF1s9q_90KwHA_yd7gp9g">392,612</ix:nonFraction> and US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_GuQV4ZsI40KMSxGNtRK_ew" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries" scale="3" id="Narr_l577yYM2ekSpkHkiCKKLjg">408,641</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023. There are no significant differences between U.S. GAAP and PRC accounting standards in connection with the reported net assets of the legally owned subsidiaries in the PRC and the VIE. Even though the Company currently does not require any such dividends, loans or advances from the PRC entities for working capital and other funding purposes, the Company may in the future require additional cash resources from them due to changes in business conditions, to fund future acquisitions and development, or merely to declare and pay dividends or distributions to its shareholders. Except for the above, there is no other restriction on use of proceeds generated by the Group&#8217;s subsidiaries and the VIE to satisfy any obligations of the Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 18pt;">For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of subsidiaries and VIE in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Rule 4-08 (e) (3), &#8220;General Notes to Financial Statements&#8221; and concluded that the restricted net assets exceeded 25% of the consolidated net assets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and the condensed financial information of the Company (referred to as the &#8220;Parent Company&#8221; below) are required to be presented.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-43</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_C1el4edqz0iePbt29rP-7Q_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_2ovuRFhOQkuDW1Hp7JEs0w_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_cIThDJGq-EiCFCfHj0SAOg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_uO19kX8BMEG7eF0ZU9X9cA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_bHBZqVcSikKqeLNZ33cJhg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_ZCu3hL1B3UCoAu8X79AM1w_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_-rfPCYpL90WRGwsx2hHfvg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_frQPDuM1WU-V4gViKhT1eA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_czDTG6VLCk2FDRFFeH9rUQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_XrTME_Tn8kiRKYcOQtpOKQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_rb3mh3r4CUOOO_ld49m1JQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_Jt45nz7PJkezMu6tIaP1EA_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_w_efLkI3PkeG3QX63EMHhg_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_dglMi2gj3kWVmp1UOLpS8A_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_MoH4013gbU2ks79wtlSCcg_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_aqpr-qGVnka9A4cCM6xgtg_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_FpAZ2rsK5UqJqnLNlzEh6Q_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_8yhRh5Bp2UeMh7PLVIQXMw_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_TqzvpQc_I0Kd0MrdNgB_Sg_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_8xrmNmZ9nEy51tB-SmpfZQ_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_B3DyH7z70ke1hqLVrkehCQ_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_lcc8_PqywUi46V69hUtjZg_20_0"></a><a id="_662f8e0b_4519_45b7_8ebd_20b7c2e29af1"></a><a id="_662f8e0b_4519_45b7_8ebd_20b7c2e29af1_2"></a><a id="_662f8e0b_4519_45b7_8ebd_20b7c2e29af1_3"></a><a id="_3438af3b_fcdf_4ea3_ac99_1f621196bdca"></a><a id="_3438af3b_fcdf_4ea3_ac99_1f621196bdca_2"></a><a id="_3438af3b_fcdf_4ea3_ac99_1f621196bdca_3"></a><a id="Tc_VpcsD10gKUiWktjRMD-9Gg_20_2"></a><a id="Tc_IS5ES4X6rEKDCGb90s3fKQ_20_4"></a><a id="Tc_3xcDTaRCIEyHsh2LI4-yXg_21_0"></a><a id="Tc_9vnoF4OhMkO8yUz9Jnslag_22_0"></a><a id="Tc_wUGA3_YRrE-l27b-yTTBEw_23_0"></a><a id="Tc_a5uNWSRUDEmr65rpkCmbzA_24_0"></a><a id="Tc_kCS8pBK9xUqDsaGQbbo8vQ_25_0"></a><a id="Tc_mLyB8MMNPEyV18C5zifT2A_26_0"></a><a id="Tc_dsQKK9_C7UqTYwbBnj6-sQ_27_0"></a><a id="Tc_V9gk91pfXECUTkB5xhnp3g_28_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_PnuGldpNXkOd7pNauul7cg_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_PnuGldpNXkOd7pNauul7cg_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Condensed Financial Information of the Parent Company</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#8220;US$&#8221;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance Sheet</b></p><ix:nonNumeric 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ASSETS</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current assets:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="3" id="Tc_bNW4NW60q0ajvzThH62Ewg_6_2">4,685</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_xIFIMjTQCUS7wNjH0fOs-A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="3" id="Tc_Cg8vr_53fEOUwuUNhaBJSw_6_4">21,393</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Amounts due from subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_qcMwRQaE70KHj_wD4Gekvg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" scale="3" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Investment in subsidiaries and VIE</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Accruals and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_x5NVrcTe902cBWdc0lSRIQ_16_2">5,171</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_xIFIMjTQCUS7wNjH0fOs-A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_W4y1Lcw8dkaNZCDXBsD9RQ_16_4">4,474</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Other non-current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_mTB-lSRZ2EyS1EXy9VBPig_17_2">7,004</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_xIFIMjTQCUS7wNjH0fOs-A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="3" id="Tc_gf_ROPRzKUK9DLIE9v0KDQ_17_4">3,891</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="3" id="Tc_8sk_aSqJo0u2pIFzVkIZMg_18_2">12,175</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Ordinary shares (US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_sPyLRELlW02_o15jlaT-UQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_o17Sb9MXzU2k55veU-nu3w"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_oHAoiRRnvEieaG3YPHngbA" decimals="INF" 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contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_5-oADGjCAk6SZwx4CPxO8A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="3" id="Tc_O8fpC2I3TkWVPsm1czbrcA_21_2">25</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_y_xxIBahn0-4UiPBcv2xUQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="3" id="Tc_lc99YKLNwkGTZVGskiFNVw_21_4">25</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Class B ordinary shares (US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_DZNVohuaf0yEvSsIfMrXMg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" 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id="Narr_qbHZqgUbjkitPMy6X9mhwA">200,000,000</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_9fmhrFjR7U-Z05m2unL7EQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_we4AiQhMGUe2kGOK9qm7Yw">200,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_DZNVohuaf0yEvSsIfMrXMg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr_ym-7Chjf3kO-DLHz-5Qfpw">79,400,000</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_9fmhrFjR7U-Z05m2unL7EQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_JWSSDWbxtUODGKI9Qmzaow">70,205,300</ix:nonFraction> shares <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Qy-O7aI8hU6xLhi9rBOU8Q;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">issued</span></span> and <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_yeJ02ODVrUWv3w7ZJyyx8w;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">outstanding</span></span> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_DZNVohuaf0yEvSsIfMrXMg" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="3" id="Tc_Hcju-I-EmEWjH1iY9DMiXQ_22_2">4</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_9fmhrFjR7U-Z05m2unL7EQ" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="3" id="Tc_7bB-JTs6s0uGDDUP4OU9Ng_22_4">4</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 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contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonShares" scale="0" id="Narr_ZaWFh9DsLEyidYcu0fdHpw">25,596,331</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_xIFIMjTQCUS7wNjH0fOs-A" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonShares" scale="0" id="Narr_7f7iWGwD3keqIPWeUFxUAQ">16,795,331</ix:nonFraction> shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonValue" scale="3" id="Tc_hb_7mwp0_Ee6HtCi3iJdmg_23_2">86,438</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_xIFIMjTQCUS7wNjH0fOs-A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonValue" scale="3" id="Tc_ahtgJkhvD02_LNQbciA-kw_23_4">53,630</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Additional paid-in capital</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" scale="3" id="Tc_AFso89tFMUiHPF6w46QKCg_24_2">1,584,764</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_0JpBa-05ok27G7UOHd_24A_25_2">22,115</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_xIFIMjTQCUS7wNjH0fOs-A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_1dUiJDtsgkGXcVTJ7NzcWQ_25_4">17,091</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Accumulated deficit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_a7qi6aRE_kyXh25XdSRNNg_26_2">514,073</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_xIFIMjTQCUS7wNjH0fOs-A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_WuXyNjFibku-SATdxzmXpQ_26_4">574,848</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_vJuItmaCck-syd363dTvDQ_27_2">962,167</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_xIFIMjTQCUS7wNjH0fOs-A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_1uMpPjUUgkCcFPRfP99qMQ_27_4">970,565</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities and shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_gj4tzRSwE0624grVzo67qw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_gbhw3iL-x0W1t-QKWPPwsA_28_2">974,342</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_xIFIMjTQCUS7wNjH0fOs-A" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" scale="3" id="Tc_b4VQHksYmkOD5saNUewn2w_28_4">978,930</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-44</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_EaC_XONll06cus4zmknOWw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_WSGEZAI5XUqRo3UQHAU-Og_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_PYLx3zaVS0e_EuvVE0XyJA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_7Ty4leYR4ka1Mk0G4IW_Lw_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_6AmaTHD4UkmzWLCqC-37tw_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_AJbIxB72U0WbbUp0t56Kqg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_jTH6Nzbd8kqigzXCjFICGg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_5GpPsreSAkGaWUupcswYqg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_NCp96B1kK0CboPaN8ET5tQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_4WQoOgtDV0KL20ysQIjgVg_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_V9_T0wddnUyeKbdkNDkP3A_8_2"></a><a id="Tc_8RhYR9Jv60OA1tWUkYxMOw_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_7_sb3nBQa0ahGBZ95arWBw_9_2"></a><a id="Tc_AXNEL_EzlUC3JuQLbGraag_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_Nw0Wd0_ps0qHF7v3lrNXFg_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_JbEP9zs6u0uVyuSsBvnQ2g_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_NwQ7wbUVMEGNGO5N7NQwLw_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_6CQFkGjcXky38lSnuwRD5w_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_xTyMVzD1gke8-zj3RnPwqg_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_8UXJYdwPlkCCIM_kCH-X2w_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_WhiocAWnyUus3rUbMdni3Q_18_2"></a><a id="Tc_isOUjgrkqUaGLritoxve4Q_18_4"></a><a id="Tc_qPFd2EuR1kGnIS9wrgHlaA_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_YCJBiGciaUKnpYeujGCYFg_20_0"></a><a id="Tc_GV8rTGL3DUqUUb1T22jpKQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_d-wVxgrUTE2ALLqhI_XDxQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_IZhuEwn0Eka-UiZC-JSRlA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_JNGCb-ayeEGGfbpBfj56mQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_7tDTwCYVPkuBl4gjj26veg_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_cHwG9NCt3kGDLmDf7R369Q_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_eeW7_HVvCk6cfuhPSd13lQ_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_XibEhPdAv0Cf8GHxPBp-pA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_Ryw9XXY9-kK7GrxkKQhZQw_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_IZO__L--Tk2odoeqaHyX_w_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_-EO5NG8r5Uy3UEib-Z0gKQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_EjjBF_usnUaNFkQWMSe_Aw_7_4"></a><a id="Tc_gF_uzjWls0-stZxuPY2IGw_7_6"></a><a id="Tc_SfFbtP9A4UW2LPwZxTR__A_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_IjVBiFmwN0aKHHo35rnJFA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_Kt7YY7Lam0uijazEAnaWtw_9_2"></a><a id="Tc_PXxHfz0PVk-p1-w5qabQfQ_9_6"></a><a id="Tc_TWJOnvXHL0uJnEHHFxXzaw_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_3lls7eyEqEWT8KR_KO1FRg_10_4"></a><a id="Tc_NBSk8niAh0WkK3lAgVXvVg_10_6"></a><a id="Tc_4TegSYP3aUCeqCLs3UMq0Q_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZHj9mfhTnUi9yEtdhy0UgQ_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_aBxRKRNk5Ue8D8ZSRB0Ycg_12_2"></a><a id="Tc_nO3g_UgzdkujkgdCDe7TdQ_12_4"></a><a id="Tc_ZqkE81ZzM0q_8Ob8syMLQg_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_rHtwmirtek2I9DCzeIkwAg_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_oRsEuA18GUK3RNHtdoX7BA_14_2"></a><a id="Tc_eFSZopZ6MUavXZ4XMB6mXA_14_4"></a><a id="Tc_DZc8Iq2zZUimbRV6ZOAxQg_14_6"></a><a id="Tc_d0GhB5B-n0WQHvE5tpjilg_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_duOI69BwTk65QWFTd9RPjQ_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_A4iS6A6ji0qL0oBSZzjydA_17_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_PnuGldpNXkOd7pNauul7cg_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Statement of Comprehensive Loss</b></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w" name="srt:CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock" id="Tb_2jdJtzEAw0WtqIfWYzCGYA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operation expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_NU1d2NpmHUS91e2_Y2ymig" 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_yuOD4vd-nEOpMfT8zDJpkw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_9PG64VHVTUuXJD2_YMMG9w_4_6">4,212</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_yuOD4vd-nEOpMfT8zDJpkw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_ufCJYgP450e__8AhDD0egg_5_6">59,372</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_OUpwG7Tu20-J-xCoFDkCcw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="3" id="Tc_4G93cl3vT0W0KTQGW41cPQ_6_4">149,430</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_NU1d2NpmHUS91e2_Y2ymig" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_D_9oHevMjEK8ZO-MkGMv8Q_7_2">1,958</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_yuOD4vd-nEOpMfT8zDJpkw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" scale="3" id="Tc_Gkq2_CBtmkK-UbTqAT_svg_7_6">3,113</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Financial income, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_OUpwG7Tu20-J-xCoFDkCcw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Foreign exchange gain/(loss)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_OUpwG7Tu20-J-xCoFDkCcw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" scale="3" id="Tc_A2-DMBF1E0yLhf2lfBF-vw_9_4">154</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction 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style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_OUpwG7Tu20-J-xCoFDkCcw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_c8tRjDEeGkOVN-ViqyA2Aw_15_4">146,175</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_NU1d2NpmHUS91e2_Y2ymig" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="3" id="Tc__noudN1dcUibVBAsaJxkUQ_17_2">1,482</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_OUpwG7Tu20-J-xCoFDkCcw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_czTpClrnP0ueVHQM1vGF6Q_17_4">14,942</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_yuOD4vd-nEOpMfT8zDJpkw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_nU_N1v5yuUqfDPa6BNIcXQ_17_6">2,722</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Transfer out of fair value changes of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_yuOD4vd-nEOpMfT8zDJpkw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="3" id="Tc_P5eG6IffP06LkamDnNj1IA_18_6">15,537</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Changes in fair value of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_NU1d2NpmHUS91e2_Y2ymig" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="3" id="Tc_l81EgT1TIEqOXCE53GJk5A_19_2">357</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.02%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_OUpwG7Tu20-J-xCoFDkCcw" decimals="-3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" sign="-" scale="3" id="Tc_hlHIDB96sku6MLJJYrylow_3_4">1,408</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td 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<TYPE>EX-2.4
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<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex2d4.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 2.4
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:28:32 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 2.4</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description of Rights of Each Class of Securities</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">American Depositary Shares (&#8220;ADSs&#8221;) , each representing one Class A ordinary share, of Tuya Inc. (&#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;our,&#8221; &#8220;our company,&#8221; or &#8220;us&#8221;) are listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange (&#8220;NYSE&#8221;) and, in connection therewith, the Class A ordinary shares are registered under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;). This exhibit contains a description of the rights of (i) the holders of Class A ordinary shares and (ii) the holders of the ADSs. Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs are held by The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary, and holders of ADSs will not be treated as holders of Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description of Class A Ordinary Shares</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following is a summary of material provisions of our currently effective ninth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (the &#8220;Memorandum and Articles of Association&#8221;), as well as the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands (the &#8220;Companies Act&#8221;) insofar as they relate to the material terms of the Class A ordinary shares. Notwithstanding this, because it is a summary, it may not contain all the information that you may otherwise deem important. For more complete information, you should read the entire Memorandum and Articles of Association, which has been initially furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) as an exhibit to our Form 6-K (File No. 001-40210) on November 2, 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Type and Class of Securities (Item 9.A.5 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our ordinary shares are issued in registered form and are issued when registered in our register of members. We may not issue share to bearer. Each Class A ordinary share has US$0.00005 par value. The number of Class A ordinary shares that have been issued as of the last day of the financial year ended December 31, 2023 is provided on the cover of our annual report on Form 20-F filed on April 26, 2024 (the &#8220;2023 Form 20-F&#8221;). Our Class A ordinary shares may be held in either certificated or uncertificated form.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Preemptive Rights (Item 9.A.3 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our shareholders do not have preemptive rights.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Limitations or Qualifications (Item 9.A.6 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have a dual-class voting structure such that our ordinary shares consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Each Class A ordinary share shall be entitled to one vote on all matters subject to a vote at general meetings of the shareholders, and each Class B ordinary share shall be entitled to ten (10) votes on all matters subject to a vote at general meetings of the shareholders. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares shall, at all times, vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote by the members at any such general meeting, subject to the requirement that each Class A ordinary share and each Class B ordinary share shall entitle its holder to one vote on a poll at a general meeting in respect</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">1</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">of a resolution on any of the following matters: (i) any amendment to the Memorandum and Articles of Association, including the variation of the rights attached to any class of shares, however framed; (ii) the appointment, election or removal of any independent non-executive director; (iii) the appointment or removal of the auditors; or (iv) the voluntary liquidation or winding-up of our company. Due to the super voting power of Class B ordinary shareholders, the voting power of the Class A ordinary shares may be materially limited. See also &#8220;&#8212;Requirements to Change the Rights of Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.4 of Form 20-F)&#8212;Variations of Rights of Shares.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Rights of Other Types of Securities (Item 9.A.7 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Rights of Class A Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.3 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">General</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">All of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and transfer their ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Dividends</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors subject to the Memorandum and Articles of Association and the Companies Act. Our ninth amended and restated articles of association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of our profits, realized or unrealized. Dividends may also be declared and paid out of share premium account or as otherwise permitted by the Companies Act. No dividend may be declared and paid unless our directors determine that, immediately after the payment, we will be able to pay our debts as they become due in the ordinary course of business and we have funds lawfully available for such purpose.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Classes of Ordinary Shares</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Except for conversion rights and voting rights, the Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares shall carry equal rights and rank <i style="font-style:italic;">pari passu</i> with one another, including but not limited to the rights to dividends and other capital distributions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Conversion</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Subject to applicable laws and stock exchange rules, each Class B ordinary share shall be automatically converted into one Class A ordinary share upon the occurrence of any of the following events: (i) the death of the holder of such Class B ordinary share (or, where the holder is a Director Holding Vehicle (as defined in the Memorandum and Articles of Association), the death of Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen who holds and controls such Director Holding Vehicle); (ii) the holder of such Class B ordinary share ceasing to be a director or a Director Holding Vehicle for any reason; (iii) the holder of such Class B ordinary share (or, where the holder is a Director Holding Vehicle, Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen who holds and controls such Director Holding Vehicle) being deemed by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange to be incapacitated for the purpose of performing his duties as a director; (iv) the</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">2</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">holder of such Class B ordinary share (or, where the holder is a Director Holding Vehicle, Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen who holds and controls such Director Holding Vehicle) being deemed by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange to no longer meet the requirements of a director set out in the Hong Kong Listing Rules; or (v) any direct or indirect sale, transfer, assignment, or disposition of the beneficial ownership of, or economic interest in, such Class B ordinary share or the control over the voting rights attached to such Class B ordinary share through voting proxy or otherwise from Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen or a Director Holding Vehicle to any person, including by reason that a Director Holding Vehicle no longer complies with Rule 8A.18(2) of the Hong Kong Listing Rules (in which case our company and Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen or such Director Holding Vehicle must notify the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as soon as practicable with details of the non-compliance), other than a transfer of the legal title to such Class B ordinary share by Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen to a Director Holding Vehicle wholly-owned and wholly controlled by him, or by a Director Holding Vehicle to Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen who holds and controls it or another Director Holding Vehicle wholly owned and wholly controlled by Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen. For the avoidance of doubt, (i) a sale, transfer, assignment or disposition shall be effective upon our registration of such sale, transfer, assignment or disposition in the register of members; (ii) the creation of any pledge, charge, encumbrance or other third-party right of whatever description on any Class B ordinary shares to secure any contractual or legal obligations shall not be deemed as a sale, transfer, assignment or disposition unless and until any such pledge, charge, encumbrance or other third-party right is enforced and results in the third party that is not Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen or the Director Holding Vehicle wholly-owned and wholly controlled by Mr. Xueji (Jerry) Wang or Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen becoming a beneficial owner of the relevant Class B ordinary shares in which case all the related Class B ordinary shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into the same number of Class A ordinary shares, and (iii) in the event that Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen ceases to be a director or an executive officer or employee of our company, any and all of the Class B ordinary shares beneficially owned or controlled by Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen and any Affiliate of Mr. Liaohan (Leo) Chen shall be automatically and immediately converted into an equal number of Class A ordinary shares. For the purpose of the foregoing sentence, an &#8220;affiliate&#8221; of a given shareholder means any other person that, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such person, and for the purposes of the foregoing definition of &#8220;affiliate,&#8221; &#8220;control&#8221; means, in relation to any person, the power or authority, whether exercised or not, to direct the business, management and policies of such person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; provided, that such power or authority shall conclusively be presumed to exist upon possession of beneficial ownership or power to direct the vote of more than 50% of the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting of the members or shareholders of such person or power to control the composition of a majority of the board of directors of such person.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Voting Rights</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In respect of all matters subject to a shareholders&#8217; vote, unless otherwise provided by our Memorandum and Articles of Association, holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares shall, at all times, vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote by the members. Each Class A ordinary share shall be entitled to one vote on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of our company, and each Class B ordinary share shall be entitled to ten (10) votes on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of our company (except as required by applicable law, rules and regulations and in relation to certain reserved matters set out in our Memorandum and Articles of Association). Voting at any meeting of shareholders shall be determined by poll and not on a show of hands, save that the chairman of the meeting may, in</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">3</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">good faith, allow a resolution which relates purely to a procedural or administrative matter as prescribed under the Hong Kong Listing Rules to be voted on by a show of hands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of all votes, calculated on a fully converted basis, cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of not less than three-fourths (3/4) of all votes, calculated on a fully converted basis, cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting. Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act and our Memorandum and Articles of Association, a special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of our company&#8217;s name or making changes to our Memorandum and Articles of Association.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">General Meetings of Shareholders</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Save as otherwise stated in our Memorandum and Articles of Association, a quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of shareholders holding 10% of all votes attaching to the issued shares and entitled to vote at general meetings present (on a one vote per share basis). Our Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that we shall hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting in each financial year within a period of not more than six months after the end of our financial year (or such longer period as the Hong Kong Stock Exchange may authorize). We will specify an annual general meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting will be held at such time and place as may be determined by our directors. Each general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, shall be an extraordinary general meeting. Shareholders&#8217; annual general meetings and any other general meetings of our shareholders may be called by a majority of our board of directors or our chairman or upon a requisition of shareholders holding at the date of deposit of the requisition not less than one-tenth (1/10) of the paid up capital of our company, on a one vote per share basis, that as at the date of the deposit carry the right to vote at general meetings, in which case the directors are obliged to call such meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting; however, our Memorandum and Articles of Association do not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders. Advance notice of not less than twenty-one (21) days&#8217; notice and fourteen (14) days&#8217; notice in writing is required for the convening of our annual general meeting and other general meetings, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Transfer of Ordinary Shares</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Subject to the restrictions in our Memorandum and Articles of Association as set out below, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or in a form prescribed by the designated stock exchange or any other form approved by our board of directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of shares;</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">4</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four; and</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a fee of such maximum sum as the NYSE may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within two calendar months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required of the rules of the designated stock exchange, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 calendar days in any calendar year.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Liquidation</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On the winding up of our company, if the assets available for distribution amongst our shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their ordinary shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 clear days prior to the specified time of payment. The ordinary shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Ordinary Shares</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Subject to the provision of our Memorandum and Articles of Association, we may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders thereof, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined, before the issue of such shares, by our board of directors. Our company may also repurchase any of our shares provided that the manner and terms of such purchase have been approved by our board of directors, or are otherwise authorized by our Memorandum and Articles of Association, provided always that any such purchase shall only be made in accordance with any relevant code, rules or regulations issued by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange or the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong from time to time in force. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company&#8217;s profits or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if our company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (i) unless it is fully paid up, (ii) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding, or (iii) if</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">5</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">our company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Inspection of Books and Records</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Holders of our ordinary shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records (other than our memorandum and articles of association, our register of mortgages and charges, and copies of any special resolutions passed by our shareholders). However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements. Any register held in Hong Kong shall during normal business hours (subject to such reasonable restrictions as the Board may impose) be open for inspection by a shareholder without charge and such other person on payment of a fee of such amount not exceeding the maximum amount as may from time to time be permitted under the Hong Kong Listing Rules as the board of directors may determine for each inspection, provided that our company may be permitted to close the register in terms equivalent to section 632 of the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Requirements to Change the Rights of Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.4 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Variations of Rights of Shares</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Subject to the provision of our Memorandum and Articles of Association, if at any time the share capital of our company is divided into different classes, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may, whether or not our company is being wound up, be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths (3/4) in the nominal value of the issued Shares of that Class, or with the sanction of a Special Resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the Shares of that Class by Members holding Shares representing three-fourths in nominal value of the issued Shares of that Class Present and voting at such meeting. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued shall not, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to the shares of that class, be deemed to be materially adversely varied or abrogated by the creation or issue of further shares ranking<i style="font-style:italic;"> pari passu</i> with or subsequent to such existing class of shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Limitations on the Rights to Own Class A Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.6 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">There are no limitations under the laws of the Cayman Islands or under our Memorandum and Articles of Association that limit the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Provisions Affecting Any Change of Control (Item 10.B.7 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Anti-Takeover Provisions</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Some provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders, and limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">6</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our Memorandum and Articles of Association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Issuance of Additional Shares</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our Memorandum and Articles of Association authorize our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Subject to certain conditions set forth in our Memorandum and Articles of Association, compliance with the Hong Kong Listing Rules (and only to such extent permitted thereby), the Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and any applicable rules and regulations of authorities of places where the securities of the Company are listed, and on the conditions that (i) no new class of shares with voting rights superior to those of Class A ordinary shares will be created and (ii) any variation in the relative rights as between the different classes will not result in creating new class of shares with voting rights superior to those of Class A ordinary shares, our board of directors is authorized to establish from time to time one or more series of preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the designation of the series;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the number of shares of the series;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights; and</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our board of directors may issue preferred shares without action by our shareholders to the extent authorized but unissued. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Ownership Threshold (Item 10.B.8 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">There are no provisions under our Memorandum and Articles of Association that require our company to disclose shareholder ownership above any particular ownership threshold.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Differences between the Law of Different Jurisdictions (Item 10.B.9 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Companies Act is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England, but does not follow many recent English law statutory enactments. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Mergers and Similar Arrangements</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (i) &#8220;merger&#8221; means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (ii) a &#8220;consolidation&#8221; means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">7</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (i) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (ii) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company&#8217;s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a declaration as to the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose a company is a &#8220;parent&#8221; of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least 90% of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provide the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by (i) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, as the case may be, or (ii) a majority in number representing 75% in value of the creditors or each class of creditors, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, that are, in each case, present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">8</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the &#8220;squeeze out&#8221; of a dissenting minority shareholder upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, or if a tender offer is made and accepted, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 16.35pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Shareholders&#8217; Suits</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in <i style="font-style:italic;">Foss v. Harbottle </i>and the exceptions thereto) which permit a minority shareholder to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of our company to challenge actions where:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">those who control our company are perpetrating a &#8220;fraud on the minority.&#8221;</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company&#8217;s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that that we shall indemnify our officers and directors and any trustee against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses that they or any of them shall or may incur or sustain by reason of any act done or omitted in or about the execution of their duty in their respective offices or trusts, except such (if any) as they shall incur or sustain by or through their own fraud or dishonesty, and no such director or officer or trustee shall be answerable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of any other director or officer or trustee or for joining in any receipt for the sake of conformity or for the solvency or honesty of any banker or other persons with whom any monies or effects belonging to us may be lodged or deposited for safe custody or for any insufficiency of any security upon which any of our monies may be invested or for any other loss or damage due to any such cause as aforesaid or which may happen in or about the execution of his or her office or trust unless the same shall happen through the fraud or dishonesty of such director or officer or</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">9</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">trustee. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our Memorandum and Articles of Association.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Directors&#8217; Fiduciary Duties</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to our company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to our company&#8212;a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of our company, a duty not to make a profit based on his position as director (unless our company permits him to do so), a duty not to put himself in a position where the interests of our company conflict with his personal interest or his duty to a third party, and a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to our company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Shareholder Action by Written Consent</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. The Companies Act and our Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that our shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">10</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Shareholder Proposals</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Companies Act provide shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company&#8217;s articles of association. Our Memorandum and Articles of Association allow our shareholders holding , on the date of deposit of the requisition in the aggregate, in aggregate not less than one-tenth (1/10) of the paid up capital of our company, on a one vote per share basis, that as at the date of the deposit carry the right to vote at general meetings of our company, to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our board is obliged to convene an extraordinary general meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders&#8217; meeting, our ninth amended and restated articles of association do not provide our shareholders with any other right to put proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders. As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders&#8217; annual general meetings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Cumulative Voting</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation&#8217;s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder&#8217;s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our Memorandum and Articles of Association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Removal of Directors</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our Memorandum and Articles of Association, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. A director shall hold office until the expiration of his or her term or his or her successor shall have been elected and qualified, or until his or her office is otherwise vacated. A director (including a managing or other executive directors) may be removed (with or without cause) from office at any time by ordinary resolution of our company before the expiration of his or her term of office, or the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the other directors present and voting at a board meeting (but without prejudice to any claim for damages under such agreement). In addition, a director&#8217;s office shall be vacated if the director (i) dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (ii) is found</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">11</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing to the company; (iv) is prohibited by law or the rules of the New York Stock Exchange or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange from being a director; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Transactions with Interested Shareholders</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an &#8220;interested shareholder&#8221; for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target&#8217;s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target&#8217;s board of directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, the directors of our company are required to comply with fiduciary duties which they owe to our company under Cayman Islands laws, including the duty to ensure that, in their opinion, any such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of our company, and are entered into for a proper corporate purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Dissolution; Winding up</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation&#8217;s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if our company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so. Under the Companies Act and our Memorandum and Articles of Association, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up by a special resolution of our shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Variation of Rights of Shares</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">12</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association, if at any time the share capital of our company is divided into different classes, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may, whether or not our company is being wound up, be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths (3/4) in the nominal value of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class by members holding shares representing three-fourths in nominal value of the issued shares of that class present and voting at such meeting.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Amendment of Governing Documents</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation&#8217;s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Companies Act and our Memorandum and Articles of Association, our memorandum and articles of association may only be amended by a special resolution of our shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">There are no limitations imposed by our Memorandum and Articles of Association on the rights of nonresident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our Memorandum and Articles of Association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Changes in Capital (Item 10.B.10 of Form 20-F)</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act and our Memorandum and Articles of Association, our shareholders may from time to time by ordinary resolutions:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">increase the share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such classes and amount, as the resolution shall prescribe and with such rights, priorities and privileges annexed thereto, as our shareholders in general meeting may determine;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">consolidate and divide all or any of our share capital into shares of larger amount than our existing shares;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">divide our shares into several classes; provided always that, for the avoidance of doubt, where a class of shares has been authorized by our company, no resolution of our shareholders in general meeting is required for the issuance of shares of that class;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">subdivide our shares, or any of them, into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the Memorandum and Articles of Association or into shares without par value (subject, nevertheless, to the applicable laws); and</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">cancel any shares that at the date of the passing of the resolution have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of its share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled or, in the case of shares, without par value, diminish the number of shares into which its capital is divided.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Debt Securities (Item 12.A of Form 20-F)</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Warrants and Rights (Item 12.B of Form 20-F)</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">13</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other Securities (Item 12.C of Form 20-F)</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description of American Depositary Shares (Items 12.D.1 and 12.D.2 of Form 20-F)</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary, registers and delivers American Depositary Shares, also referred to as ADSs. Each ADS represents one Class A ordinary share (or a right to receive one Class A ordinary share) deposited with The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, as custodian for the depositary in Hong Kong. Each ADS also represents any other securities, cash or other property that may be held by the depositary. The deposited shares together with any other securities, cash or other property held by the depositary are referred to as the deposited securities. The depositary&#8217;s office at which the ADSs will be administered and its principal executive office are located at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">You may hold ADSs either (A) directly (i) by having an American Depositary Receipt, also referred to as an ADR, which is a certificate evidencing a specific number of ADSs, registered in your name, or (ii) by having uncertificated ADSs registered in your name, or (B) indirectly by holding a security entitlement in ADSs through your broker or other financial institution that is a direct or indirect participant in The Depository Trust Company, also called DTC. If you hold ADSs directly, you are a registered ADS holder, also referred to as an ADS holder. This description assumes you are an ADS holder. If you hold the ADSs indirectly, you must rely on the procedures of your broker or other financial institution to assert the rights of ADS holders described in this section. You should consult with your broker or financial institution to find out what those procedures are.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Registered holders of uncertificated ADSs will receive statements from the depositary confirming their holdings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As an ADS holder, we will not treat you as one of our shareholders and you will not have shareholder rights. Cayman Islands law governs shareholder rights. The depositary will be the holder of the shares underlying your ADSs. As a registered holder of ADSs, you will have ADS holder rights. A deposit agreement among us, the depositary, ADS holders and all other persons indirectly or beneficially holding ADSs sets out ADS holder rights as well as the rights and obligations of the depositary. New York law governs the deposit agreement and the ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following is a summary of the material provisions of the deposit agreement. For more complete information, you should read the entire deposit agreement and the form of ADR, which contains the terms of your ADSs. The deposit agreement has been filed with the SEC as an exhibit to a Registration Statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-254092) for our company on March 10, 2021. The form of ADR has been initially filed with the SEC as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-253575), as amended, on February 26, 2021.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Dividends and Other Distributions</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">How will you receive dividends and other distributions on the shares?</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">14</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary has agreed to pay or distribute to ADS holders the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on shares or other deposited securities, upon payment or deduction of its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of shares your ADSs represent.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Cash</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary will convert any cash dividend or other cash distribution we pay on the shares into U.S. dollars, if it can do so on a reasonable basis and can transfer the U.S. dollars to the United States. If that is not possible or if any government approval is needed and cannot be obtained, the deposit agreement allows the depositary to distribute the foreign currency only to those ADS holders to whom it is possible to do so. It will hold the foreign currency it cannot convert for the account of the ADS holders who have not been paid. It will not invest the foreign currency and it will not be liable for any interest.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Before making a distribution, any withholding taxes, or other governmental charges that must be paid will be deducted. See &#8220;Taxation.&#8221; The depositary will distribute only whole U.S. dollars and cents and will round fractional cents to the nearest whole cent. I<i style="font-style:italic;">f the exchange rates fluctuate during a time when the depositary cannot convert the foreign currency, you may lose some of the value of the distribution.</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Shares</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary may distribute additional ADSs representing any shares we distribute as a dividend or free distribution. The depositary will only distribute whole ADSs. It will sell shares which would require it to deliver a fraction of an ADS (or ADSs representing those shares) and distribute the net proceeds in the same way as it does with cash. If the depositary does not distribute additional ADSs, the outstanding ADSs will also represent the new shares. The depositary may sell a portion of the distributed shares (or ADSs representing those shares) sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in connection with that distribution.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Rights to purchase additional shares</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If we offer holders of our securities any rights to subscribe for additional shares or any other rights, the depositary may (i) exercise those rights on behalf of ADS holders, (ii) distribute those rights to ADS holders or (iii) sell those rights and distribute the net proceeds to ADS holders, in each case after deduction or upon payment of its fees and expenses. To the extent the depositary does not do any of those things, it will allow the rights to lapse. <i style="font-style:italic;">In that case, you will receive no value for them. </i>The depositary will exercise or distribute rights only if we ask it to and provide satisfactory assurances to the depositary that it is legal to do so. If the depositary will exercise rights, it will purchase the securities to which the rights relate and distribute those securities or, in the case of shares, new ADSs representing the new shares, to subscribing ADS holders, but only if ADS holders have paid the exercise price to the depositary. U.S. securities laws may restrict the ability of the depositary to distribute rights or ADSs or other securities issued on exercise of rights to all or certain ADS holders, and the securities distributed may be subject to restrictions on transfer.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Other Distributions</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary will send to ADS holders anything else we distribute on deposited securities by any means it thinks is legal, fair and practical. If it cannot make the distribution in</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">15</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">that way, the depositary has a choice. It may decide to sell what we distributed and distribute the net proceeds, in the same way as it does with cash. Or, it may decide to hold what we distributed, in which case ADSs will also represent the newly distributed property. However, the depositary is not required to distribute any securities (other than ADSs) to ADS holders unless it receives satisfactory evidence from us that it is legal to make that distribution. The depositary may sell a portion of the distributed securities or property sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in connection with that distribution. U.S. securities laws may restrict the ability of the depositary to distribute securities to all or certain ADS holders, and the securities distributed may be subject to restrictions on transfer.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any ADS holders. We have no obligation to register ADSs, shares, rights or other securities under the Securities Act. We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs, shares, rights or anything else to ADS holders. <i style="font-style:italic;">This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you.</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Deposit, Withdrawal and Cancellation</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">How are ADSs issued?</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary will deliver ADSs if you or your broker deposits shares or evidence of rights to receive shares with the custodian. Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, the depositary will register the appropriate number of ADSs in the names you request and will deliver the ADSs to or upon the order of the person or persons that made the deposit.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">How can ADS holders withdraw the deposited securities?</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">You may surrender your ADSs to the depositary for the purpose of withdrawal. Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, the depositary will deliver the shares and any other deposited securities underlying the ADSs to the ADS holder or a person the ADS holder designates at the office of the custodian. Or, at your request, risk and expense, the depositary will deliver the deposited securities at its office, if feasible. However, the depositary is not required to accept surrender of ADSs to the extent it would require delivery of a fraction of a deposited share or other security. The depositary may charge you a fee and its expenses for instructing the custodian regarding delivery of deposited securities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">How do ADS holders interchange between certificated ADSs and uncertificated ADSs?</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">You may surrender your ADR to the depositary for the purpose of exchanging your ADR for uncertificated ADSs. The depositary will cancel that ADR and will send to the ADS holder a statement confirming that the ADS holder is the registered holder of uncertificated ADSs. Upon receipt by the depositary of a proper instruction from a registered holder of uncertificated ADSs requesting the exchange of uncertificated ADSs for certificated ADSs, the depositary will execute and deliver to the ADS holder an ADR evidencing those ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Voting Rights</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">How do you vote?</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">16</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ADS holders may instruct the depositary how to vote the number of deposited shares their ADSs represent. If we request the depositary to solicit your voting instructions (and we are not required to do so), the depositary will notify you of a shareholders&#8217; meeting and send or make voting materials available to you. Those materials will describe the matters to be voted on and explain how ADS holders may instruct the depositary how to vote. For instructions to be valid, they must reach the depositary by a date set by the depositary. The depositary will try, as far as practical, subject to the laws of the Cayman Islands and the provisions of our articles of association or similar documents, to vote or to have its agents vote the shares or other deposited securities as instructed by ADS holders. If we do not request the depositary to solicit your voting instructions, you can still send voting instructions, and, in that case, the depositary may try to vote as you instruct, but it is not required to do so.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Except by instructing the depositary as described above, you won&#8217;t be able to exercise voting rights unless you surrender your ADSs and withdraw the shares. However, you may not know about the meeting enough in advance to withdraw the shares.</i> In any event, the depositary will not exercise any discretion in voting deposited securities and it will only vote or attempt to vote as instructed.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote the shares represented by your ADSs. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for the manner of carrying out voting instructions. <i style="font-style:italic;">This means that you may not be able to exercise voting rights and there may be nothing you can do if your shares are not voted as you requested.</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In order to give you a reasonable opportunity to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of voting rights relating to Deposited Securities, if we request the depositary to act, we agree to give the depositary notice of any such meeting and details concerning the matters to be voted upon at least 45 days in advance of the meeting date.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Tender and Exchange Offers; Redemption, Replacement or Cancellation of Deposited Securities</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary will not tender deposited securities in any voluntary tender or exchange offer unless instructed to do so by an ADS holder surrendering ADSs and subject to any conditions or procedures the depositary may establish.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If deposited securities are redeemed for cash in a transaction that is mandatory for the depositary as a holder of deposited securities, the depositary will call for surrender of a corresponding number of ADSs and distribute the net redemption money to the holders of called ADSs upon surrender of those ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If there is any change in the deposited securities such as a sub-division, combination or other reclassification, or any merger, consolidation, recapitalization or reorganization affecting the issuer of deposited securities in which the depositary receives new securities in exchange for or in lieu of the old deposited securities, the depositary will hold those replacement securities as deposited securities under the deposit agreement. However, if the depositary decides it would not be lawful and practical to hold the replacement securities because those securities could not be distributed to ADS holders or for any other reason, the depositary may instead sell the replacement securities and distribute the net proceeds upon surrender of the ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">17</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If there is a replacement of the deposited securities and the depositary will continue to hold the replacement securities, the depositary may distribute new ADSs representing the new deposited securities or ask you to surrender your outstanding ADSs in exchange for new ADSs identifying the new deposited securities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If there are no deposited securities underlying ADSs, including if the deposited securities are cancelled, or if the deposited securities underlying ADSs have become apparently worthless, the depositary may call for surrender of those ADSs or cancel those ADSs upon notice to the ADS holders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Amendment and Termination</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">How may the deposit agreement be amended?</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We may agree with the depositary to amend the deposit agreement and the ADRs without your consent for any reason. If an amendment adds or increases fees or charges, except for taxes and other governmental charges or expenses of the depositary for registration fees, facsimile costs, delivery charges or similar items, or prejudices a substantial right of ADS holders, it will not become effective for outstanding ADSs until 30 days after the depositary notifies ADS holders of the amendment. <i style="font-style:italic;">At the time an amendment becomes effective, you are considered, by continuing to hold your ADSs, to agree to the amendment and to be bound by the ADRs and the deposit agreement as amended.</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">How may the deposit agreement be terminated?</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary will initiate termination of the deposit agreement if we instruct it to do so. The depositary may initiate termination of the deposit agreement if</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">60 days have passed since the depositary told us it wants to resign but a successor depositary has not been appointed and accepted its appointment</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">we delist the ADSs from an exchange in the United States on which they were listed and do not list the ADSs on another exchange in the United States or make arrangements for trading of ADSs on the U.S. over-the-counter market;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">we delist our shares from an exchange outside the United States on which they were listed and do not list the shares on another exchange outside the United States;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the depositary has reason to believe the ADSs have become, or will become, ineligible for registration on Form F-6 under the Securities Act of 1933;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">we appear to be insolvent or enter insolvency proceedings;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">all or substantially all the value of the deposited securities has been distributed either in cash or in the form of securities;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">there are no deposited securities underlying the ADSs or the underlying deposited securities have become apparently worthless; or</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">there has been a replacement of deposited securities.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If the deposit agreement will terminate, the depositary will notify ADS holders at least 90 days before the termination date. At any time after the termination date, the depositary may sell the deposited securities. After that, the depositary will hold the money it received on the sale, as well as any other cash it is holding under the deposit agreement, unsegregated and without liability for interest, for the pro rata benefit of the ADS holders that have not surrendered their ADSs. Normally, the depositary will sell as soon as practicable after the termination date.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">18</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">After the termination date and before the depositary sells, ADS holders can still surrender their ADSs and receive delivery of deposited securities, except that the depositary may refuse to accept a surrender for the purpose of withdrawing deposited securities or reverse previously accepted surrenders of that kind that have not settled if it would interfere with the selling process. The depositary may refuse to accept a surrender for the purpose of withdrawing sale proceeds until all the deposited securities have been sold. The depositary will continue to collect distributions on deposited securities, but, after the termination date, the depositary is not required to register any transfer of ADSs or distribute any dividends or other distributions on deposited securities to the ADSs holder (until they surrender their ADSs) or give any notices or perform any other duties under the deposit agreement except as described in this paragraph.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Limitations on Obligations and Liability</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Limits on our Obligations and the Obligations of the Depositary; Limits on Liability to Holders of ADSs</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The deposit agreement expressly limits our obligations and the obligations of the depositary. It also limits our liability and the liability of the depositary. We and the depositary:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">are only obligated to take the actions specifically set forth in the deposit agreement without negligence or bad faith, and the depositary will not be a fiduciary or have any fiduciary duty to holders of ADSs;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">are not liable if we are or it is prevented or delayed by law or by events or circumstances beyond our or its ability to prevent or counteract with reasonable care or effort from performing our or its obligations under the deposit agreement;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">are not liable if we or it exercises discretion permitted under the deposit agreement;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">are not liable for the inability of any holder of ADSs to benefit from any distribution on deposited securities that is not made available to holders of ADSs under the terms of the deposit agreement, or for any special, consequential or punitive damages for any breach of the terms of the deposit agreement;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">have no obligation to become involved in a lawsuit or other proceeding related to the ADSs or the deposit agreement on your behalf or on behalf of any other person;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may rely upon any documents we believe or it believes in good faith to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">are not liable for the acts or omissions of any securities depository, clearing agency or settlement system; and</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the depositary has no duty to make any determination or provide any information as to our tax status, or any liability for any tax consequences that may be incurred by ADS holders as a result of owning or holding ADSs or be liable for the inability or failure of an ADS holder to obtain the benefit of a foreign tax credit, reduced rate of withholding or refund of amounts withheld in respect of tax or any other tax benefit.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the deposit agreement, we and the depositary agree to indemnify each other under certain circumstances.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Requirements for Depositary Actions</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">19</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Before the depositary will deliver or register a transfer of ADSs, make a distribution on ADSs, or permit withdrawal of shares, the depositary may require:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">payment of stock transfer or other taxes or other governmental charges and transfer or registration fees charged by third parties for the transfer of any shares or other deposited securities;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">satisfactory proof of the identity and genuineness of any signature or other information it deems necessary; and</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">compliance with regulations it may establish, from time to time, consistent with the deposit agreement, including presentation of transfer documents.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary may refuse to deliver ADSs or register transfers of ADSs when the transfer books of the depositary or our transfer books are closed or at any time if the depositary or we think it advisable to do so.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Your Right to Receive the Shares Underlying your ADSs</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">ADS holders have the right to cancel their ADSs and withdraw the underlying shares at any time except:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">when temporary delays arise because: (i) the depositary has closed its transfer books or we have closed our transfer books; (ii) the transfer of shares is blocked to permit voting at a shareholders&#8217; meeting; or (iii) we are paying a dividend on our shares;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">when you owe money to pay fees, taxes and similar charges; or</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">when it is necessary to prohibit withdrawals in order to comply with any laws or governmental regulations that apply to ADSs or to the withdrawal of shares or other deposited securities.</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:-18pt;table-layout:fixed;width:calc(100% + 36.0pt);border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-left:-18pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">This right of withdrawal may not be limited by any other provision of the deposit agreement.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Direct Registration System</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In the deposit agreement, all parties to the deposit agreement acknowledge that the Direct Registration System, also referred to as DRS, and Profile Modification System, also referred to as Profile, will apply to the ADSs. DRS is a system administered by DTC that facilitates interchange between registered holding of uncertificated ADSs and holding of security entitlements in ADSs through DTC and a DTC participant. Profile is a feature of DRS that allows a DTC participant, claiming to act on behalf of a registered holder of uncertificated ADSs, to direct the depositary to register a transfer of those ADSs to DTC or its nominee and to deliver those ADSs to the DTC account of that DTC participant without receipt by the depositary of prior authorization from the ADS holder to register that transfer.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In connection with and in accordance with the arrangements and procedures relating to DRS/Profile, the parties to the deposit agreement understand that the depositary will not determine whether the DTC participant that is claiming to be acting on behalf of an ADS holder in requesting registration of transfer and delivery as described in the paragraph above has the actual authority to act on behalf of the ADS holder (notwithstanding any requirements under the Uniform Commercial Code). In the deposit agreement, the parties agree that the depositary&#8217;s reliance on and compliance with instructions received by the depositary through the DRS/Profile</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">20</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">system and in accordance with the deposit agreement will not constitute negligence or bad faith on the part of the depositary.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Shareholder communications; inspection of register of holders of ADSs</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The depositary will make available for your inspection at its office all communications that it receives from us as a holder of deposited securities that we make generally available to holders of deposited securities. The depositary will send you copies of those communications or otherwise make those communications available to you if we ask it to. You have a right to inspect the register of holders of ADSs, but not for the purpose of contacting those holders about a matter unrelated to our business or the ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Jury Trial Waiver</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The deposit agreement provides that, to the extent permitted by law, ADS holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws. If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable in the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with applicable case law. You will not, by agreeing to the terms of the deposit agreement, be deemed to have waived our or the depositary&#8217;s compliance with U.S. federal securities laws or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">21</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-8.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex8d1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 8.1
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:28:31 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 8.1</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">List of Principal Subsidiaries and Variable Interest Entity of the Registrant</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;" align="center"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:51.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:51.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Principal Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Place of Incorporation</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;">Tuya (HK) Limited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Hong Kong</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;">Tuya Smart Inc.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">U.S.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;">Tuya Global Inc.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">U.S.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;">Tuyasmart (Colombia) S.A.S</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Colombia</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;">Tuya GmbH</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Germany</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;">Tuya Japan Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Japan</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;">Tuyasmart (India) Private Limited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">India</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;">Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">PRC</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;">Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">PRC</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:51.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Variable Interest Entity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Place of Incorporation</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:51.03%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-12pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt -24pt;">Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.96%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">PRC</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-12.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex12d1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 12.1
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:28:31 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 12.1</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Certification by the Principal Executive Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">I, Xueji (Jerry) Wang, certify that:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">1.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Tuya Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;);</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">2.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">3.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">4.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">The Company&#8217;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(a)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(b)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(c)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company&#8217;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(d)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Disclosed in this report any change in the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting; and</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">5.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">The Company&#8217;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company&#8217;s auditors and the audit committee of the Company&#8217;s board of directors:</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(a)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company&#8217;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(b)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Date: April 24, 2024</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Xueji (Jerry) Wang</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.62%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Xueji (Jerry) Wang</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-12.2
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex12d2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 12.2
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:28:31 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 12.2</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Certification by the Principal Financial Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">I, Yao (Jessie) Liu, certify that:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">1.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Tuya Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;);</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">2.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">3.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">4.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">The Company&#8217;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(a)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</font></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(b)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(c)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company&#8217;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(d)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Disclosed in this report any change in the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting; and</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">5.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">The Company&#8217;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company&#8217;s auditors and the audit committee of the Company&#8217;s board of directors:</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(a)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company&#8217;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(b)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Date: April 24, 2024</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Yao (Jessie) Liu</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.62%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yao (Jessie) Liu</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-13.1
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex13d1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 13.1
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:28:50 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 13.1</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Certification by the Principal Executive Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In connection with the annual report of Tuya Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the &#8220;Report&#8221;), I, Xueji (Jerry) Wang, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Date: April 24, 2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Xueji (Jerry) Wang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.39%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Xueji (Jerry) Wang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-13.2
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex13d2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 13.2
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:28:51 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 13.2</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Certification by the Principal Financial Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In connection with the annual report of Tuya Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the &#8220;Report&#8221;), I, Yao (Jessie) Liu, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Date: April 24, 2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Yao (Jessie) Liu</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.39%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yao (Jessie) Liu</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:5.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-15.1
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex15d1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 15.1
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:28:51 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 15.1</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 1.7pt 0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231xex15d1001.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:40.5pt;width:213.7pt;"></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'SimHei';">&#21271;&#20140;</font>BEIJING<font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#9679;</font><font style="font-family:'SimHei';">&#19978;&#28023;</font>SHANGHAI<font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#9679;</font><font style="font-family:'SimHei';">&#28145;&#22323;</font>SHENZHEN<font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#9679;</font><font style="font-family:'SimHei';">&#39321;&#28207;</font>HONG KONG<font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#9679;</font><font style="font-family:'SimHei';">&#24191;&#24030;</font>GUANGZHOU<font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#9679;</font><font style="font-family:'SimHei';">&#35199;&#23433;</font>XI&#8217;AN</p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><hr noshade="true" color="#7c0020" size="1.5" style="background-color:#7c0020;color:#7c0020;height:1.5pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:100%;border:none;margin:0 auto;" align="center"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Date: April 24, 2024</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">To: Tuya Inc.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:20pt;margin:0pt;">PO Box 309</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:20pt;margin:0pt;">Ugland House</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:20pt;margin:0pt;">Grand Cayman, KY1-1104</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:20pt;margin:0pt;">Cayman Islands</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9.5pt 0pt;">Dear Sirs/Madams,</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9.5pt 0pt;">We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the headings &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;Holding Company Structure,&#8221; &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;PRC Licenses, Permissions and Approvals,&#8221; &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure,&#8221; &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;3.D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China,&#8221; &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;4.B. Business Overview&#8212;Licenses, Permissions and Approvals&#8221; and &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;4.C. Organizational Structure&#8212;Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and the VIE&#39;s Registered Shareholders&#8221; in Tuya Inc.&#8217;s annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the &#8220;Annual Report&#8221;), which is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on the date hereof. We also consent to the filing with the SEC of this consent letter as an exhibit to the Annual Report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9.5pt 0pt;">In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in each case, as amended, or the regulations promulgated thereunder.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Yours sincerely,</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9.5pt 0pt;"><u style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">/s/ Jia Yuan Law Offices</u></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9.5pt 0pt;">Jia Yuan Law Offices</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-15.2
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex15d2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 15.2
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:28:52 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 15.2</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Tuya Inc.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">10/F, Building A,</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Huace Center, Xihu District <br>Hangzhou City, 310012</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">People&#8217;s Republic of China</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">April 24, 2024</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Dear Sir or Madam</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Tuya Inc.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">We have acted as legal advisers as to the laws of the Cayman Islands to Tuya Inc., an exempted limited liability company incorporated in the Cayman Islands (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Company</b>&#8221;), in connection with the filing by the Company with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">SEC</b>&#8221;) of an annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended 31 December 2023 (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Annual Report</b>&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the heading &#8220;Item 10. Additional Information&#8212;E. Taxation&#8221; in the Annual Report, and we further consent to the incorporation by reference of the summary of our opinions under this heading into the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-257349) that was filed on 24 June 2021, pertaining to the Company&#8217;s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, and the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-265320) that was filed on 31 May 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">We consent to the filing with the SEC of this consent letter as an exhibit to the Annual Report. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in each case, as amended, or the regulations promulgated thereunder.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yours faithfully</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-15.3
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex15d3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 15.3
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:29:05 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 15.3</b></p><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;width:100%;"><tr style="height:62.1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231xex15d3001.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:99.73pt;width:117.73pt;"></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231xex15d3002.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:14.99pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0.05pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:62.99pt;"></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:0pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="border-top-style:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-top:0pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;">We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333-257349) and on Form F-3 (File No. 333-265320) of Tuya Inc. of our report dated April 24, 2024 relating to the financial statements, which appears in this Form 20-F.</p><p style="border-top-style:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:0pt;padding-top:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="border-top-style:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-top:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;">/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP<br>Shanghai, the People&#8217;s Republic of China<br>April 24, 2024</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="font-family:'MS Mincho';">&#26222;</font><font style="font-family:'SimSun';">&#21326;&#27704;&#36947;&#20013;&#22825;&#20250;&#35745;&#24072;&#20107;&#21153;&#25152;</font>(<font style="font-family:'MS Mincho';">&#29305;&#27530;&#26222;&#36890;&#21512;&#20249;</font>) </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;">PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP, 11/F PricewaterhouseCoopers Center</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;">Link Square 2, 202 Hu Bin Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200021, PRC</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;">T: +86 (21) 2323 8888, F: +86 (21) 2323 8800, www.pwccn.com</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-15.4
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex15d4.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 15.4
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:29:07 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 15.4</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231xex15d4001.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:55.9pt;width:540pt;"></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">Date: </font><font style="font-size:11pt;">April 24, 2024</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;">Tuya Inc.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">10/F, Building A, Huace Center</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">Xihu District, Hangzhou City</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">Zhejiang, 310012</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">People&#8217;s Republic of China</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;">Re: Tuya Inc.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">Ladies and Gentlemen,</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">We understand that Tuya Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) plans to file its annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 202</font><font style="font-size:11pt;">3</font><font style="font-size:11pt;"> (the &#8220;Form 20-F&#8221;) with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;).</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">We hereby consent to the references to our name and the inclusion of information, data and statements from our research reports and amendments thereto (collectively, the &#8220;Reports&#8221;), and any subsequent amendments to the Reports, as well as the citation of our research reports and amendments thereto, in the Form 20-F. We further hereby consent to the filing of this letter as an exhibit to the Form 20-F and any amendments thereto and as an exhibit to any other SEC filings.</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">Yours faithfully,</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">For and on behalf of</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;">China Insights Industry Consultancy Limited</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:11pt;">/s/ Qiaoling Dai</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Name:</font></font><font style="font-size:11pt;">Qiaoling Dai</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Title:</font></font><font style="font-size:11pt;">Partner</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><img src="tuya-20231231xex15d4002.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:39.74pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:398.95pt;"></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-97
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231xex97.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 97
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 10:29:09 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 97</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">TUYA INC.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">COMPENSATION RECOUPMENT POLICY</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;">This Tuya Inc. Compensation Recoupment Policy (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Policy</b>&#8221;) has been adopted by the Board of Directors (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Board</b>&#8221;) of Tuya Inc. (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Company</b>&#8221;) on June 7, 2023.This Policy provides for the recoupment of certain executive compensation in the event of an accounting restatement resulting from material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements under U.S. federal securities laws in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. This Policy is intended to comply with the requirements of Section 10D of the Exchange Act (as defined below) and Section 303A.14 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">1.</font></font><u style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Definitions</u>. For the purposes of this Policy, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(a)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Committee</b>&#8221; means the compensation committee of the Board or any successor committee thereof. If there is no compensation committee of the Board, references herein to the Committee shall refer to the Company&#8217;s committee of independent directors that is responsible for executive compensation decisions, or in the absence of such a compensation committee, the independent members of the Board.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(b)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Covered Compensation</b>&#8221; means any Incentive-based Compensation &#8220;received&#8221; by a Covered Executive during the applicable Recoupment Period; <i style="font-style:italic;">provided</i> that:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;">(i) such Covered Compensation was received by such Covered Executive (A) after the Effective Date, (B) after he or she commenced service as an Executive Officer and (C) while the Company had a class of securities publicly listed on a United States national securities exchange; and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;">(ii) such Covered Executive served as an Executive Officer at any time during the performance period applicable to such Incentive-based Compensation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">For purposes of this Policy, Incentive-based <font style="display:inline-block;width:1.42pt;"></font>Compensation is &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">received</b>&#8221; by a Covered Executive during the fiscal period in which the Financial Reporting Measure applicable to such Incentive-based Compensation (or portion thereof) is attained, even if the payment or grant of such Incentive-based Compensation is made thereafter.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(c)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Covered Executive</b>&#8221; means any (i) current or former Executive Officer and (ii) any other employee of the Company and its subsidiaries designated by the Committee as subject to this Policy from time to time.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(d)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Effective Date</b>&#8221; means the date on which Section 303A.14 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual becomes effective.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(e)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Exchange Act</b>&#8221; means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(f)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Executive Officer</b>&#8221; means, with respect to the Company, (i) its president, (ii) its principal financial officer, (iii) its principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting officer, its controller), (iv) any vice-president in charge of a principal business unit, division or function (such as sales, administration or finance), (v) any other officer who performs a policy-making function for the Company (including any officer of the Company&#8217;s parent(s) or subsidiaries if they perform policy-making functions for the Company) and (vi) any other person who performs similar policy-making functions for the Company. Policy-making function is not intended to include policy-making functions that are not significant. The determination as to an individual&#8217;s status as an Executive Officer shall be made by the Committee and such determination shall be final, conclusive and binding on such individual and all other interested persons.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(g)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial Reporting Measure</b>&#8221; means any (i) measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company&#8217;s financial statements, (ii) stock price measure or (iii)&#160;total shareholder return measure (and any measures that are derived wholly or in part from any measure referenced in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above). For the avoidance of doubt, any such measure does not need to be presented within the Company&#8217;s financial statements or included in a filing with the U.S. Securities and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="display:none;line-height:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exchange Commission to constitute a Financial Reporting Measure.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(h)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial Restatement</b>&#8221; means a restatement of the Company&#8217;s financial statements due to the Company&#8217;s material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under U.S. federal securities laws that is required in order to correct:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:54pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(i)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements; or</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(ii) </font></font>an error that would result in a material misstatement if (A) the error were corrected in the current <font style="display:inline-block;width:5.61pt;"></font>period or (B) left uncorrected in the current period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">For purposes of this Policy, a Financial Restatement shall not be deemed to occur in the event of a revision of the Company&#8217;s financial statements due to an out-of-period adjustment (i.e., when the error is immaterial to the previously issued financial statements and the correction of the error is also immaterial to the current period) or changes to the Company&#8217;s financial statements that do not represent error corrections: (1) a retrospective application of a change in accounting principles; (2) a retrospective revision to reportable segment information due to a change in the structure of the Company&#8217;s internal organization; (3) reclassification due to a discontinued operation; (4) a retrospective application of a change in reporting entity, such as from a reorganization of entities under common control; or (5) a retrospective revision for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends or other changes in capital structure.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(j)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Incentive-based Compensation</b>&#8221; means any compensation (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any cash or equity or equity-based compensation, whether deferred or current) that is granted, earned and/or vested based wholly or in part upon the achievement of a Financial Reporting Measure. For purposes of this Policy, &#8220;Incentive-based Compensation&#8221; shall also be deemed to include any amounts which were determined based on (or were otherwise calculated by reference to) Incentive-based Compensation (including, without limitation, any amounts under any long-term disability, life insurance or supplemental retirement or severance plan or agreement or any notional account that is based on Incentive-based Compensation, as well as any earnings accrued thereon).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(k)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">NYSE</b>&#8221; means the New York Stock Exchange, or any successor thereof.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(l)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Recoupment Period</b>&#8221; means the three fiscal years completed immediately preceding the date of any applicable Recoupment Trigger Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Recoupment Period additionally includes any transition period (that results from a change in the Company&#8217;s fiscal year) within or immediately following those three completed fiscal years, provided that a transition period between the last day of the Company&#8217;s previous fiscal year end and the first day of its new fiscal year that comprises a period of nine (9) to twelve (12) months would be deemed a completed fiscal year.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(m)</font></font>&#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Recoupment Trigger Date</b>&#8221; means the earlier of (i)&#160;the date that the Board (or a committee thereof or the officer(s) of the Company authorized to take such action if Board action is not required) concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare a Financial Restatement, and (ii) the date on which a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare a Financial Restatement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">2.</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"><u style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Recoupment of Erroneously Awarded Compensation</u>.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(a)</font></font>In the event of a Financial Restatement, if the amount of any Covered Compensation received by a Covered Executive (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Awarded Compensation</b>&#8221;) exceeds the amount of such Covered Compensation that would have otherwise been received by such Covered Executive if calculated based on the Financial Restatement (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Adjusted Compensation</b>&#8221;), the Company shall reasonably promptly recover from such Covered Executive an amount equal to the excess of the Awarded Compensation over the Adjusted Compensation, each calculated on a pre-tax basis (such excess amount, the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Erroneously Awarded Compensation</b>&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(b)</font></font> If (i)&#160;the Financial Reporting Measure applicable to the relevant Covered Compensation is stock price or total shareholder return (or any measure derived wholly or in part from either of such measures) and (ii)&#160;the</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">2</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in the Financial Restatement, then the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation shall be determined (on a pre-tax basis) based on the Company&#8217;s reasonable estimate of the effect of the Financial Restatement on the Company&#8217;s stock price or total shareholder return (or the derivative measure thereof) upon which such Covered Compensation was received.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(c)</font></font>For the avoidance of doubt, the Company&#8217;s obligation to recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not dependent on (i) if or when the restated financial statements are filed or (ii) any fault of any Covered Executive for the accounting errors or other actions leading to a Financial Restatement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(d)</font></font>Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Sections 2&#8206;(a) through &#8206;(c) hereof, the Company shall not be required to recover any Erroneously Awarded Compensation if both (x) the conditions set forth in either of the following clauses (i), (ii), or (iii) are satisfied and (y) the Committee (or a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board) has determined that recovery of the Erroneously Awarded Compensation would be impracticable:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:54pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(i)</font></font>the direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing the recovery of the Erroneously Awarded Compensation under this Policy would exceed the amount of such Erroneously Awarded Compensation to be recovered; <i style="font-style:italic;">provided</i> that, before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation pursuant to this Section 2&#8206;(d), the Company shall have first made a reasonable attempt to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation, document such reasonable attempt(s) to make such recovery and provide that documentation to the NYSE;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:54pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(ii)</font></font>recovery of the Erroneously Awarded Compensation would violate the Cayman Islands law to the extent such law was adopted prior to November 28, 2022 (<i style="font-style:italic;">provided</i> that, before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation pursuant to this Section 2(d)), the Company shall have first obtained an opinion of home country counsel of the Cayman Islands, that is acceptable to the NYSE, that recovery would result in such a violation, and the Company must provide such opinion to the NYSE; or</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:54pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(iii)</font></font>recovery of the Erroneously Awarded Compensation would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of Sections 401(a)(13) or 411(a) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &#8220;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Code</b>&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 90pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(e)</font></font>The Company shall not indemnify any Covered Executive, directly or indirectly, for any losses that such Covered Executive may incur in connection with the recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation pursuant to this Policy, including through the payment of insurance premiums or gross-up payments.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(f)</font></font>The Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, the manner and timing in which any Erroneously Awarded Compensation shall be recovered from a Covered Executive in accordance with applicable law, including, without limitation, by (i) requiring reimbursement of Covered Compensation previously paid in cash; (ii) seeking recovery of any gain realized on the vesting, exercise, settlement, sale, transfer or other disposition of any equity or equity-based awards; (iii) offsetting the Erroneously Awarded Compensation amount from any compensation otherwise owed by the Company or any of its affiliates to the Covered Executive; (iv) cancelling outstanding vested or unvested equity or equity-based awards; and/or (v) taking any other remedial and recovery action permitted by applicable law. For the avoidance of doubt, except as set forth in Section 2(d), in no event may the Company accept an amount that is less than the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation; <i style="font-style:italic;">provided</i> that, to the extent necessary to avoid any adverse tax consequences to the Covered Executive pursuant to Section 409A of the Code, any offsets against amounts under any nonqualified deferred compensation plans (as defined under Section 409A of the Code) shall be made in compliance with Section 409A of the Code.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3.</font></font><u style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Administration</u>. This Policy shall be administered by the Committee. All decisions of the Committee shall be final, conclusive and binding upon the Company and the Covered Executives, their beneficiaries, executors, administrators and any other legal representative. The Committee shall have full power and authority to (i) administer and interpret this Policy; (ii) correct any defect, supply any omission and reconcile any inconsistency in this Policy;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">3</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">and (iii) make any other determination and take any other action that the Committee deems necessary or desirable for the administration of this Policy and to comply with applicable law (including Section 10D of the Exchange Act) and applicable stock market or exchange rules and regulations. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, to the extent permitted by Section 10D of the Exchange Act and Section 303A.14 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, the Board may, in its sole discretion, at any time and from time to time, administer this Policy in the same manner as the Committee.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:22.5pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">4.</font></font><u style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Amendment/Termination</u>. Subject to Section 10D of the Exchange Act and Section 303A.14 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, this Policy may be amended or terminated by the Committee at any time. To the extent that any applicable law, or stock market or exchange rules or regulations require recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation in circumstances in addition to those specified herein, nothing in this Policy shall be deemed to limit or restrict the right or obligation of the Company to recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the fullest extent required by such applicable law, stock market or exchange rules and regulations. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, this Policy shall no longer be effective from and after the date that the Company no longer has a class of securities publicly listed on a United States national securities exchange.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:22.5pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">5.</font></font><u style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Interpretation</u>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, this Policy is intended to comply with the requirements of Section 10D of the Exchange Act and Section 303A.14 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual (and any applicable regulations, administrative interpretations or stock market or exchange rules and regulations adopted in connection therewith). The provisions of this Policy shall be interpreted in a manner that satisfies such requirements and this Policy shall be operated accordingly. If any provision of this Policy would otherwise frustrate or conflict with this intent, the provision shall be interpreted and deemed amended so as to avoid such conflict.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">6.</font></font><u style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Other Compensation Clawback/Recoupment Rights</u>. Any right of recoupment under this Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies, rights or requirements with respect to the clawback or recoupment of any compensation that may be available to the Company pursuant to the terms of any other recoupment or clawback policy of the Company (or any of its affiliates) that may be in effect from time to time, any provisions in any employment agreement, offer letter, equity plan, equity award agreement or similar plan or agreement, and any other legal remedies available to the Company, as well as applicable law, stock market or exchange rules, listing standards or regulations; <i style="font-style:italic;">provided</i>, <i style="font-style:italic;">however</i>, that any amounts recouped or clawed back under any other policy that would be recoupable under this Policy shall count toward any required clawback or recoupment under this Policy and vice versa.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">7.</font></font><u style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Exempt Compensation</u>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Company has no obligation to seek recoupment of amounts paid to a Covered Executive which are granted, vested or earned based solely upon the occurrence or non-occurrence of nonfinancial events. Such exempt compensation includes, without limitation, base salary, time-vesting awards, compensation awarded on the basis of the achievement of metrics that are not Financial Reporting Measures or compensation awarded solely at the discretion of the Committee or the Board, <i style="font-style:italic;">provided </i>that such amounts are in no way contingent on, and were not in any way granted on the basis of, the achievement of any Financial Reporting Measure performance goal.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:22.5pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">8.</font></font><u style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Miscellaneous</u>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(a)</font></font>Any applicable award agreement or other document setting forth the terms and conditions of any compensation covered by this Policy shall be deemed to include the restrictions imposed herein and incorporate this Policy by reference and, in the event of any inconsistency, the terms of this Policy will govern. For the avoidance of doubt, this Policy applies to all compensation that is received on or after the Effective Date, regardless of the date on which the award agreement or other document setting forth the terms and conditions of the Covered Executive&#8217;s compensation became effective, including, without limitation, compensation received under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, last amended on June 15, 2022, and any successor plan thereto.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(b)</font></font>This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Covered Executives and their beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(c)</font></font>All issues concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Policy and all related documents, including, without limitation, any employment agreement, offer letter, equity award agreement or</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">4</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">similar agreement, shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law rules or provisions (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of New York.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(d)</font></font>The Covered Executives, their beneficiaries, executors, administrators and any other legal representative and the Company shall initially attempt to resolve all claims, disputes or controversies arising under, out of or in connection with this Policy by conducting good faith negotiations amongst themselves. The federal and state courts sitting within the State of New York shall be the sole and exclusive forums for any and all disputes, claims, or causes of action arising from or relating to the enforcement, performance or interpretation of this Policy. The Covered Executives, their beneficiaries, executors, administrators and any other legal representative and the Company, shall not commence any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement except in a federal and state court sitting within the State of New York, and hereby waive, and agree not to assert, by way of motion, as a defense or otherwise, in any such suit, action or proceeding, any claim that such party is not subject to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that its property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper or that this Policy or the subject matter hereof may not be enforced in or by such courts. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Covered Executives, their beneficiaries, executors, administrators, and any other legal representative, and the Company, shall waive (and shall hereby be deemed to have waived) the right to resolve any such dispute through a trial by jury.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:18pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(e)</font></font>If any provision of this Policy is determined to be unenforceable or invalid under any applicable law, such provision will be applied to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law and shall automatically be deemed amended in a manner consistent with its objectives to the extent necessary to conform to any limitations required under applicable law.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">5</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
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  <xsd:element name="FranchiseTaxRate" id="tuya_FranchiseTaxRate" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="FranchiseTax" id="tuya_FranchiseTax" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="IncomeTaxDisclosureTable" id="tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems" id="tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="OtherThanChinaMember" id="tuya_OtherThanChinaMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock" id="tuya_SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod" id="tuya_CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage" id="tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="IotPaasMember" id="tuya_IotPaasMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="SmartDeviceDistributionMember" id="tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="SaasAndOthersMember" id="tuya_SaasAndOthersMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices" id="tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="ServicesExpirationPeriod" id="tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="VatRefundReceived" id="tuya_VatRefundReceived" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock" id="tuya_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock" id="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" id="tuya_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne" id="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers" id="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element name="ExpirationYear2031Member" id="tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" id="tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element name="ConversionFromBridgeLoanIntoInvestment" id="tuya_ConversionFromBridgeLoanIntoInvestment" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock" id="tuya_TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" id="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" id="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" id="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock" id="tuya_LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment" id="tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent" id="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element name="SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent" id="tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element name="PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent" id="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element name="ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank" id="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome" id="tuya_PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember" id="tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" id="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne" id="tuya_AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member" id="tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare" id="tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase" id="tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="false" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element name="RegisteredShareholdersMember" id="tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember" id="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember" id="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember" id="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract" id="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers" id="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock" id="tuya_ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock" id="tuya_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock" id="tuya_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock" id="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="LongTermInvestmentsMember" id="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed" id="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse" id="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember" id="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember" id="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="GovernmentGrants" id="tuya_GovernmentGrants" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses" id="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent" id="tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="LoansReceivableTerm" id="tuya_LoansReceivableTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant" id="tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember" id="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember" id="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="BridgeLoanReceivableMember" id="tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded" id="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" id="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance" id="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="NumberOfSubsidiaries" id="tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="TwoInvestorsMember" id="tuya_TwoInvestorsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="OtherInvestorsMember" id="tuya_OtherInvestorsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" id="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio" id="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio" type="xbrli:pureItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="OrdinarySharesConverted" id="tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" id="tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" type="xbrli:pureItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund" id="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital" id="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade" id="tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="AmericanDepositaryShareMember" id="tuya_AmericanDepositaryShareMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1" id="tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="ShortTermInvestmentsTable" id="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="ShortTermInvestmentsLineItem" id="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsLineItem" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="ExpirationYear2032Member" id="tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesUponDualPrimary" id="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesUponDualPrimary" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent" id="tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts" id="tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="PrincipalAccountingPoliciesTable" id="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems" id="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesTable" id="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems" id="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" id="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" id="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="TencentGroupMember" id="tuya_TencentGroupMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember" id="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember" id="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments" id="tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="InvestmentIncomeGross" id="tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments" id="tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance" id="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member" id="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="LongTermInvestmentsTable" id="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>15
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>17
<FILENAME>tuya-20231231_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contact Personnel Name</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">City Area Code</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Local Phone Number</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" xlink:to="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contact Personnel Email Address</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Title of 12(b) Security</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Trading Symbol</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Security Exchange Name</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Voluntary Filers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Current Reporting Status</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Interactive Data Current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Filer Category</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Emerging Growth Company</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Ex Transition Period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Shell Company</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Accounting Standard</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xlink:label="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xlink:to="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Central Index Key</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Fiscal Year Focus</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Fiscal Period Focus</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current Fiscal Year End Date</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amendment Flag</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AuditorName" xlink:label="dei_AuditorName" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorName" xlink:to="dei_AuditorName_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Auditor Name</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AuditorFirmId" xlink:label="dei_AuditorFirmId" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorFirmId" xlink:to="dei_AuditorFirmId_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorFirmId_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Auditor Firm ID</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorLocation" xlink:to="dei_AuditorLocation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorLocation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Auditor Location</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statement [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statement [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statement</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statement</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ASSETS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current assets:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and cash equivalents</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Investments.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts receivable, net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total accounts receivable, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Notes receivable, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventories, net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total inventories, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayments and other current assets, net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total prepayments and other current assets, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets, Noncurrent [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Non-current assets:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, equipment and software, net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total property, equipment and software, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease right-of-use assets, net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Right-of-use assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-term Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-term investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total long-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current assets, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total non-current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities and Equity [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the primary beneficiary of 1,422 and 1,679 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively):</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Payable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AdvanceFromCustomers" xlink:label="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomers" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomers" xlink:to="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to Advance From Customers, current as on the balance sheet date.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advance From Customers</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advance from customers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Revenue, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred revenue, current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid nor invoiced, and liabilities classified as other (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total accruals and other current liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accruals and other current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Income Taxes, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income tax payables</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Liability, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lease liabilities, current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease liabilities-current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total current liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Non-current liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the primary beneficiary of nil and nil as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively):</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lease liabilities, non-current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease liabilities-non-current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Revenue, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred revenue, non-current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Liabilities, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total non-current liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Non-current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shareholders' equity:</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shareholders' equity:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Value, Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury Stock, Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury stock (US$0.00005 par value; 25,596,331 and 16,795,331 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additional Paid in Capital, Common Stock</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additional paid-in capital</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities and Equity</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Par value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares, par value</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Shares Authorized</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of authorized share capital</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Shares, Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of ordinary shares issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares, shares issued</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of ordinary shares outstanding</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Face amount or stated value per share of treasury stock.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury Stock Par Or Stated Value Per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury stock, par value</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury Stock, Common, Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ending Balance (in shares)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Beginning Balance (in shares)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury stock (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Statement Location [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and development expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Selling and Marketing Expense [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Sales and marketing expenses</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General and administrative expenses</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and Development Expense</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Selling and Marketing Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Sales and marketing expenses</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General and Administrative Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General and administrative expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other operating incomes, net</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Expenses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total operating expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Income (Loss)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loss from operations</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other income/(loss)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Nonoperating Income</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-operating incomes, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_FinancialIncomeNet" xlink:label="tuya_FinancialIncomeNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_FinancialIncomeNet" xlink:to="tuya_FinancialIncomeNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_FinancialIncomeNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Financial Income, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_FinancialIncomeNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Financial income, net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="tuya_FinancialIncomeNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total financial income, net</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loss/(gain) on foreign currency exchange rates</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Foreign exchange (loss)/gain, net</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loss before income tax expense</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income tax expense</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net loss</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.'s ordinary shareholders, basic</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares issued during the period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" xlink:label="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" xlink:to="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of issuance of ordinary shares prior to initial public offering.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Issuance Of Ordinary Shares Prior To Initial Public Offering</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" xlink:label="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" xlink:to="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of issuance Of Ordinary Shares Prior To initial public offering.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Issuance Of Ordinary Shares Prior To Initial Public Offering</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Conversion of Convertible Securities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Conversion of redeemable preferred shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Conversion of redeemable preferred shares (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Employee Benefit Plan</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Issuance of ordinary shares reserved for equity incentive plan</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Employee Benefit Plan</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Issuance of ordinary shares reserved for equity incentive plan (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Repurchased During Period, Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Repurchase of ordinary shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Repurchase of ordinary shares (in share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercise of share option and vested restricted share unit</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shares Issued, Shares, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercise of share option and vested restricted share unit (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockRetiredCostMethodAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockRetiredCostMethodAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockRetiredCostMethodAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury Stock, Retired, Cost Method, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockRetiredCostMethodAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cancellation of Treasury stock</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury Stock, Shares, Retired</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cancellation of Treasury stock (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" xlink:label="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" xlink:to="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of shares issued during period upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shares Issued During Period, Value, Upon Dual Primary Listing, Net of Issuance Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" xlink:label="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost" xlink:to="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares issued during period upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shares Issued During Period, Shares, Upon Dual Primary Listing, Net of Issuance Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance (in shares)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares issued upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1" xlink:label="tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1" xlink:to="tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from a tax benefit (deficiency) associated with an share-based compensation plan other than an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Adjustment to Additional Paid in Capital, Income Tax Effect from Share-based Compensation, Net, Total1</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based compensation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash flows from operating activities:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Income (Loss), Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net loss</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash generated from operating activities:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based compensation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and software</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amortization of Intangible Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amortization of right-of-use assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal" xlink:label="tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal" xlink:to="tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of credit loss expense (reversal of expense) for accounts and financing receivable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts and Financing Receivable, Credit Loss, Expense (Reversal)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total allowance for credit losses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for doubtful receivables / allowance for credit losses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory Write-down</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory write-downs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Property Plant Equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loss/(gain) on disposal of property, equipment and software</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Gain (Loss) on Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment loss/ (gain)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments" xlink:label="tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments" xlink:to="tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of unrealized gain (loss) on Long term investment.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrealized Gain Loss On Long Term Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair value change on short-term and long-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments" xlink:label="tuya_ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments" xlink:to="tuya_ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of impairment loss of long-term investments.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Impairment Loss of Long-term Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Impairment loss of long-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Operating Capital [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Receivable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts receivable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInNotesReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInNotesReceivableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInNotesReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Notes receivable</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Prepaid Expense and Other Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayments and other current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Other Noncurrent Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable, Trade</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers" xlink:label="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers" xlink:to="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Change in advance from customers.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Advance from Customers</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advance from customers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Contract with Customer, Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Income Taxes Payable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income tax payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Other Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accruals and other payables</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Operating Lease Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Other Noncurrent Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current liability</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash flows from investing activities:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments to Acquire Short-term Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payment for short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Sale of Short-term Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from disposal of short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchase of property, equipment and software</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Sale of Property, Plant, and Equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from disposal of property, equipment and software</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLoansReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLoansReceivable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLoansReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLoansReceivable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLoansReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Provision of bridge loans</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLoansReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Provision of bridge loans</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfLoansReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfLoansReceivable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfLoansReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfLoansReceivable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfLoansReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Collection of Loans Receivable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfLoansReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loan repayment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments for (Proceeds from) Other Investing Activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from other investing activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash flows from financing activities:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments for Repurchase of Common Stock</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payment for repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" xlink:label="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering" xlink:to="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the amount of proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to initial public offering.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds From Issuance Of Ordinary Shares Prior To Initial Public Offering</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Stock Options Exercised</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from exercise of share options</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance" xlink:label="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance" xlink:to="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The cash outflow to Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds From Issuance Of Class A Ordinary Shares Upon Net Of cost Of Issuance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments of Stock Issuance Costs</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments of deferred offering costs</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments of deferred offering costs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash generated from/ (used in) financing activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash at the end of year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash at the beginning of year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplemental cash flow disclosures</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Taxes Paid, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash paid for income tax</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Noncash Investing and Financing Items [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ConversionFromBridgeLoanIntoInvestment" xlink:label="tuya_ConversionFromBridgeLoanIntoInvestment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ConversionFromBridgeLoanIntoInvestment" xlink:to="tuya_ConversionFromBridgeLoanIntoInvestment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Receivable, net</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventories, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayments and Other Assets, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_PrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_PrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_PrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Equipment and Software, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Equipment and Software, net</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Convertible Preferred Shares</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Commitments and Contingencies</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Related Party Transactions</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Related Party Transactions</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Subsequent Events</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Subsequent Events [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Subsequent Events</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Basis of Preparation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Basis of Consolidation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:label="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:to="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Use of Estimates</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Translation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value Measurements</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Restricted Cash</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for short-term investments.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Investments, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Receivable [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Receivable, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventories, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Recognition of Asset and Liability for Lease of Acquiree [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Leases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research, Development, and Computer Software, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Internal-Use Software Development Costs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Equipment and Software</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for long-term investments.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-term Investments, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-term Investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Impairment of Long-lived Assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for value added taxes.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value Added Taxes [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value Added Taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue Recognition</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for advance from customers.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advance From Customers [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advances from Customers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of Goods and Service [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of Revenues</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and Development Expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for sales and marketing expenses.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Sales And Marketing Expenses [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Sales and Marketing Expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for inclusion of significant items in the general and administrative (or similar) expense report caption.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General and Administrative Expenses [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General and Administrative Expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for government grants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Government Grants [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Government Grants</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for employee social security and welfare benefits.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Employee Social Security and Welfare Benefits [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Employee Social Security and Welfare Benefits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for treasury stocks.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury Stocks [Policies Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury stocks</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loss per Share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Comprehensive Loss</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Segment Reporting</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tabular disclosure of principal subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Principal Subsidiaries and Consolidated VIEs [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of Company's principal subsidiaries and consolidated VIE</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of roll forward of major Level 3 investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisValuationTechniquesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisValuationTechniquesTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisValuationTechniquesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisValuationTechniquesTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisValuationTechniquesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisValuationTechniquesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of significant unobservable inputs adopted in the valuation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment Estimated Useful Life [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of property, plant and equipment estimated useful life</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disaggregated major revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of customers with greater than 10% of the accounts receivable and suppliers contributed more than 10% of total purchases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of short term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of accounts receivable, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of inventories, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of current and non-current portions of prepayments and other assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of property, equipment and software, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tabular disclosure of long-term investment.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long Term Investment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of long-term Investment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of components of lease expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The tabular disclosure of supplemental cash flow information related to leases.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of supplemental cash flow information related to leases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalConsolidatedBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalConsolidatedBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalConsolidatedBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock" xlink:to="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalConsolidatedBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalConsolidatedBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The tabular disclosure of supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalConsolidatedBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet Information [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalConsolidatedBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of maturities of lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of current and non-current portions of accruals and other liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenueAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Revenue.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Contract Asset, Contract Liability, and Receivable [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of deferred revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest and Other Income [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of financial income, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Stock by Class [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of activities of the Group's Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of share options activity</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of assumptions used to value the Company's options grants</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of service - based RSUs activity</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of components of income tax expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of reconciliation of differences between statutory tax rate and effective tax rate</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SummaryOfTaxCreditCarryforwardsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfTaxCreditCarryforwardsTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SummaryOfTaxCreditCarryforwardsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SummaryOfTaxCreditCarryforwardsTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfTaxCreditCarryforwardsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfTaxCreditCarryforwardsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of tax losses carry forwarded for future years</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of Valuation Allowance [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of movement of valuation allowance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of basic and diluted loss per share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of antidilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per ordinary share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentExcludingLongtermCommitmentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentExcludingLongtermCommitmentTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentExcludingLongtermCommitmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentExcludingLongtermCommitmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentExcludingLongtermCommitmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchase Commitment, Excluding Long-term Commitment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentExcludingLongtermCommitmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of group's services purchase commitments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Related Party Transactions [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of related parties</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Balance Sheet [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of balance sheet</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of statement of comprehensive loss</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Cash Flow Statement [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of statement of cash flows</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Variable Interest Entities [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ownership [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_OwnershipDomain" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipDomain" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ownership [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TuyaHkLimitedMember" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaHkLimitedMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TuyaHkLimitedMember" xlink:to="tuya_TuyaHkLimitedMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaHkLimitedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Tuya HK Limited.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaHkLimitedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tuya (HK) Limited</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_HangzhouTuyaInformationTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member" xlink:label="tuya_HangzhouTuyaInformationTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_HangzhouTuyaInformationTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member" xlink:to="tuya_HangzhouTuyaInformationTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_HangzhouTuyaInformationTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_HangzhouTuyaInformationTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TuyaSmartInc.Member" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaSmartInc.Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TuyaSmartInc.Member" xlink:to="tuya_TuyaSmartInc.Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaSmartInc.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Tuya Smart Inc.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaSmartInc.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tuya Smart Inc.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TuyaGlobalInc.Member" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaGlobalInc.Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TuyaGlobalInc.Member" xlink:to="tuya_TuyaGlobalInc.Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaGlobalInc.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Tuya Global Inc.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaGlobalInc.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tuya Global Inc.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TuyasmartIndiaPrivateLimitedMember" xlink:label="tuya_TuyasmartIndiaPrivateLimitedMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TuyasmartIndiaPrivateLimitedMember" xlink:to="tuya_TuyasmartIndiaPrivateLimitedMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TuyasmartIndiaPrivateLimitedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Tuyasmart India Private Limited.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TuyasmartIndiaPrivateLimitedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tuyasmart (India) Private Limited</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TuyasmartIndiaPrivateLimitedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tuya smart (India) Private Limited</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TuyasmartColombiaS.a.sMember" xlink:label="tuya_TuyasmartColombiaS.a.sMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TuyasmartColombiaS.a.sMember" xlink:to="tuya_TuyasmartColombiaS.a.sMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TuyasmartColombiaS.a.sMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Tuyasmart Colombia S.A.S.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TuyasmartColombiaS.a.sMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tuyasmart (Colombia) S.A.S</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TuyasmartColombiaS.a.sMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tuya smart (Colombia) S.A.S</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TuyaGmbhMember" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaGmbhMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TuyaGmbhMember" xlink:to="tuya_TuyaGmbhMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaGmbhMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Tuya GmbH.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaGmbhMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tuya GmbH</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TuyaJapanCo.Ltd.Member" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaJapanCo.Ltd.Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TuyaJapanCo.Ltd.Member" xlink:to="tuya_TuyaJapanCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaJapanCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Tuya Japan Co., Ltd.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TuyaJapanCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tuya Japan Co., Ltd.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ZhejiangTuyaSmartElectronicsCo.Ltd.Member" xlink:label="tuya_ZhejiangTuyaSmartElectronicsCo.Ltd.Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ZhejiangTuyaSmartElectronicsCo.Ltd.Member" xlink:to="tuya_ZhejiangTuyaSmartElectronicsCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ZhejiangTuyaSmartElectronicsCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ZhejiangTuyaSmartElectronicsCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_HangzhouTuyaTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member" xlink:label="tuya_HangzhouTuyaTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_HangzhouTuyaTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member" xlink:to="tuya_HangzhouTuyaTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_HangzhouTuyaTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_HangzhouTuyaTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of direct or indirect ownership</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityOwnershipPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityOwnershipPercentage" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityOwnershipPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Variable Interest Entity, Qualitative or Quantitative Information, Ownership Percentage</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Economic interest held</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement Frequency [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement Frequency [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Recurring basis</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Level 1</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Level 2</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Level 3</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Asset Class [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Asset Class [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Investments [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember" xlink:to="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for long-term investments.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-term Investments [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement Input Type [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement Input Type [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expected volatility</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember" xlink:to="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement input using liquidation scenario probability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement Input, Probability, Liquidation Scenario [Member]`</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Probability - Liquidation scenario</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember" xlink:to="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement input using redemption scenario probability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement Input, Probability, Redemption Scenario [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Probability - Redemption scenario</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember" xlink:to="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement input using IPO scenario probability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Measurement Input, Probability IPO Scenario [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Probability - IPO scenario</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statistical Measurement [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statistical Measurement [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MinimumMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MaximumMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets, Fair Value Disclosure</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair value of Level 3 investments as ending balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair value of Level 3 investments as beginning balance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetPurchases" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetPurchases" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetPurchases" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetPurchases_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetPurchases_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Purchases</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetPurchases_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">New addition</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Available-for-sale Securities Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/positiveLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The change in fair value of the investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Changes in fair value of long-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Measurement Input</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unobservable Inputs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesTable" xlink:label="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesTable" xlink:to="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of information about principal accounting policies.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Principal Accounting Policies [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounting Standards Update [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TypeOfAdoptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfAdoptionMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TypeOfAdoptionMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_TypeOfAdoptionMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfAdoptionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounting Standards Update [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounting Standards Update 2016-13</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis" xlink:label="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis" xlink:to="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionDomain" xlink:label="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionDomain" xlink:to="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems" xlink:label="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems" xlink:to="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Principal Accounting Policies [Line items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Principal Accounting Policies</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for credit losses, write off</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod" xlink:label="tuya_CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod" xlink:to="tuya_CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash settlement from commercial banks period of bank acceptance notes.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash Settlement From Commercial Banks Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash settlement from commercial banks period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed" xlink:label="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed" xlink:to="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of bank acceptance notes endorsed to suppliers.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Bank Acceptance Notes, Endorsed</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Bank acceptance notes, endorsed</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse" xlink:label="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse" xlink:to="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of bank acceptance notes transferred without recourse.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Bank Acceptance Notes, Transferred without Recourse</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Bank acceptance notes, transferred without recourse</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Computer Equipment [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Computers and electronic equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Office Equipment [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Office equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Software and Software Development Costs [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Software</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, equipment and software useful life</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse" xlink:to="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Asset Impairment Charges</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Impairment charges</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries" xlink:label="tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries" xlink:to="tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The number of subsidiaries.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of Subsidiaries</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of subsidiaries</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage" xlink:label="tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage" xlink:to="tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value added tax receivable as a percentage in excess of its actual tax burden upon completion of relevant VAT refund filling process.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value Added Tax Receivable Percentage</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value added tax receivable percentage</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_VatRefundReceived" xlink:label="tuya_VatRefundReceived" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_VatRefundReceived" xlink:to="tuya_VatRefundReceived_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_VatRefundReceived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of VAT refund received.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_VatRefundReceived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">VAT Refund Received</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_VatRefundReceived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">VAT refund received</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disaggregation of Revenue [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product and Service [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product and Service [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_IotPaasMember" xlink:label="tuya_IotPaasMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_IotPaasMember" xlink:to="tuya_IotPaasMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_IotPaasMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for IoT PaaS.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_IotPaasMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">IoT PaaS [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_IotPaasMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">IoT PaaS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember" xlink:label="tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember" xlink:to="tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Smart device distribution.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Smart device distribution</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Smart device distribution</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SaasAndOthersMember" xlink:label="tuya_SaasAndOthersMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SaasAndOthersMember" xlink:to="tuya_SaasAndOthersMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SaasAndOthersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for SaaS and others.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SaasAndOthersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SaaS and others</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SaasAndOthersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SaaS and others</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Balance Sheet Location [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Balance Sheet Location [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember" xlink:to="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Current.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Current [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current deferred revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember" xlink:to="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Non-Current.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Non-Current [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Non-current deferred revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Revenue</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disaggregation of Revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices" xlink:label="tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices" xlink:to="tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Life cycle of different smart devices.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Life Cycle Of Different Smart Devices</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Life cycle of different smart devices</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod" xlink:label="tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod" xlink:to="tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Services expiration period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Services Expiration Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Services expiration period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Remaining performance obligations</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers" xlink:to="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of contract with customer liability, deferred revenue and advance from customers.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Deferred Revenue and Advance from Customers</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract liability, including both deferred revenue and the advance from customers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RevenuePracticalExpedientRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenuePracticalExpedientRemainingPerformanceObligation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenuePracticalExpedientRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenuePracticalExpedientRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenuePracticalExpedientRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Optional Exemption, Performance Obligation [true false]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenuePracticalExpedientRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue, remaining performance obligation, optional exemption, performance obligation [true false]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Remaining performance obligation recognition period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpense_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Marketing and Advertising Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total advertising and marketing costs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Operating Income (Expense) [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other operating incomes, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_GovernmentGrants" xlink:label="tuya_GovernmentGrants" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_GovernmentGrants" xlink:to="tuya_GovernmentGrants_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_GovernmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of government grants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_GovernmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Government Grants</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_GovernmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Government grants</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses" xlink:label="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses" xlink:to="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Employee social security and welfare benefits included as expenses.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Employee Social Security and Welfare Benefits Expenses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Employee social security and welfare benefits expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits" xlink:to="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrecognized Tax Benefits</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrecognized tax benefits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xlink:to="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of Operating Segments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of operating segments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:to="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of Reportable Segments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of reportable segments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk Benchmark [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk Benchmark [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsProductLineMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsProductLineMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsProductLineMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsProductLineMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsProductLineMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of Goods Product Line [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsProductLineMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total purchases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk Type [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk Type [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier Concentration Risk [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier concentration risk</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier [Axis].</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SupplierMember" xlink:label="tuya_SupplierMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SupplierMember" xlink:to="tuya_SupplierMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SupplierMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to supplier A.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SupplierMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SupplierMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier A</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SupplierBMember" xlink:label="tuya_SupplierBMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SupplierBMember" xlink:to="tuya_SupplierBMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SupplierBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to supplier B.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SupplierBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier B</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Risks and Concentration</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk, Percentage</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration risk percentage</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsTable" xlink:label="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsTable" xlink:to="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of information pertaining to short-term investments.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Investments [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsLineItem" xlink:label="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsLineItem" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsLineItem" xlink:to="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsLineItem_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsLineItem_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsLineItem_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Investments [Line Item]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TimeDepositAssets" xlink:label="tuya_TimeDepositAssets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TimeDepositAssets" xlink:to="tuya_TimeDepositAssets_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TimeDepositAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of time deposit assets.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TimeDepositAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Time Deposit Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TimeDepositAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Time deposits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Equity Securities, FV-NI, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Equity securities with readily determinable fair value</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Equity Securities, FV-NI, Unrealized Gain (Loss)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair value change of short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts receivable, gross</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: allowance for doubtful accounts / allowance for credit losses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Receivable, Credit Loss Expense (Reversal)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for doubtful accounts</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Raw Materials, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Raw materials</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Work in Process, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Work in process</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Finished Goods, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finished goods</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherInventoriesSpareParts" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInventoriesSpareParts" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherInventoriesSpareParts" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherInventoriesSpareParts_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInventoriesSpareParts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Inventories, Spare Parts, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInventoriesSpareParts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Low value consumables and spare parts</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryGross" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventories, gross</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryAdjustments" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryAdjustments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryAdjustments" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryAdjustments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryAdjustments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory Adjustments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryAdjustments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: inventory write-downs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown" xlink:label="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown" xlink:to="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period change in amount of loss from reductions in inventory due to subsequent measurement adjustments, including, but not limited to, physical deterioration, obsolescence, or changes in price levels.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Inventory Write Down</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Change in inventory write-downs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayments and Other Assets, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_Supplies" xlink:label="us-gaap_Supplies" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Supplies" xlink:to="us-gaap_Supplies_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Supplies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid Supplies</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Supplies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advance to suppliers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest Receivable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest receivable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ValueAddedTaxReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValueAddedTaxReceivableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ValueAddedTaxReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ValueAddedTaxReceivableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValueAddedTaxReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value Added Tax Receivable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValueAddedTaxReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">VAT recoverable (1)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent" xlink:label="tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent" xlink:to="tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of receivables from third party payment platforms expected to be collected within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Receivables from Third Party Payment Platforms, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Receivables from third party payment platforms</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DepositsAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deposits Assets, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Rental deposits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase" xlink:label="tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase" xlink:to="tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount paid for share repurchase.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayment For Shares Repurchase</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayment for share repurchase (2)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Assets, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Others</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses" xlink:label="tuya_DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses" xlink:to="tuya_DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of allowance for credit losses for deposit assets current.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deposits Assets, Current, Allowance for credit losses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="tuya_DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: allowance for credit losses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Noncurrent [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deposits Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Rental deposits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses" xlink:label="tuya_DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses" xlink:to="tuya_DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of allowance for credit losses for deposit assets non current.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deposits Assets, Noncurrent, Allowance for credit losses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="tuya_DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: allowance for credit losses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total other non-current assets, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Leasehold Improvements [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Leasehold improvements</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Construction In Progress [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Construction in progress</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total cost</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization, Property, Plant, and Equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Depreciation</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Depreciation expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TimeDepositAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="tuya_TimeDepositAssetsNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TimeDepositAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="tuya_TimeDepositAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TimeDepositAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The carrying amount of time deposit assets as of balance sheet date, classified as noncurrent.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TimeDepositAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Time Deposit Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TimeDepositAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Time deposit</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investments in available-for-sale debt securities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesHeldToMaturityAmortizedCostAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesHeldToMaturityAmortizedCostAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesHeldToMaturityAmortizedCostAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesHeldToMaturityAmortizedCostAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesHeldToMaturityAmortizedCostAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesHeldToMaturityAmortizedCostAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">U.S. treasury securities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Equity Method Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investments in equity securities accounted for under alternative measurement</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFVNINoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFVNINoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFVNINoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFVNINoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFVNINoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Equity Securities, FV-NI, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFVNINoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment in an equity security with readily determinable fair values</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LongTermInvestmentsTable" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsTable" xlink:to="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">A container table for all schedule of long term investment items. It ties in the "Legal Entity [Axis]" to all of its contained line items.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long Term Investments [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Financial Instrument [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Financial Instruments [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember" xlink:label="tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember" xlink:to="tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Bridge loan receivable from a customer.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Bridge Loan Receivable [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Bridge loan to a customer</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment, Name [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_EquityMethodInvesteeNameDomain" xlink:label="srt_EquityMethodInvesteeNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_EquityMethodInvesteeNameDomain" xlink:to="srt_EquityMethodInvesteeNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_EquityMethodInvesteeNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment, Name [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember" xlink:label="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember" xlink:to="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shareholding interest of a privately held company.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shareholding Interest of Privately Held Company [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shareholding interest of a privately held company</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember" xlink:label="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember" xlink:to="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shareholding interest of a customer with a bridge loan.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shareholding Interest of Customer with Bridge Loan [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shareholding interest of a customer with a bridge loan</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Business Acquisition [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAcquireeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAcquireeDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAcquireeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAcquireeDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAcquireeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Business Acquisition, Acquiree [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember" xlink:label="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember" xlink:to="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents Group acquired shareholding interest of  privately held company one.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Group Acquired Shareholding Interest of Privately Held Company One [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Group acquired shareholding interest of privately held company one</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember" xlink:label="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember" xlink:to="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents Group acquired shareholding interest of  privately held company two.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Group Acquired Shareholding Interest of Privately Held Company Two [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Group acquired shareholding interest of privately held company two</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:to="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long Term Investments Line Items</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-term Investment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shareholding interest acquired, cash consideration</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loans and Leases Receivable, before Fees, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loans and leases receivable, before fees, gross</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LoansReceivableTerm" xlink:label="tuya_LoansReceivableTerm" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LoansReceivableTerm" xlink:to="tuya_LoansReceivableTerm_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LoansReceivableTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Term of loans receivable, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LoansReceivableTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loans Receivable, Term</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_LoansReceivableTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loans receivable, term</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant" xlink:label="tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant" xlink:to="tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of realized gain due to the exercise of the warrant.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Realized Gains, Exercise of Warrant</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Realized gain of bridge loan conversion to investment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Realized gain of bridge loan conversion to investment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment" xlink:label="tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment" xlink:to="tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of conversion of customer loan to investment.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Conversion of Customer Loan to Investment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loan to customer, conversion into investment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Lease, Description [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Leases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Remaining Lease Term</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Remaining terms</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Variable Lease, Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Variable lease costs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseCost_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lease, Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease costs</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total lease cost</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseCostAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCostAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseCostAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lease, Cost [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lease cost:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Amortization Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amortization of right-of-use assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_OperatingLeaseInterestExpense" xlink:label="tuya_OperatingLeaseInterestExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_OperatingLeaseInterestExpense" xlink:to="tuya_OperatingLeaseInterestExpense_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_OperatingLeaseInterestExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the interest of lease liabilities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_OperatingLeaseInterestExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Interest Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_OperatingLeaseInterestExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest of lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Lease, Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expenses for short-term lease within 12 months</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Payments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Right-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Operating Lease Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total lease liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted-average remaining lease term, Operating leases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted-average discount rate, Operating lease</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maturities of lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Two</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2023</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Three</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2024</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Four</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2025</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Five</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2026</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix" xlink:to="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in sixth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Six</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2027</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total undiscounted lease payments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: imputed interest</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">No definition available.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accruals And Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accruals and other current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Salaries, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Salary and welfare payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent" xlink:label="tuya_CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent" xlink:to="tuya_CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for cloud infrastructure and IT related services fee payables (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cloud Infrastructure And IT Related Services Fee Payables, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cloud infrastructure and IT related services fee payables</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent" xlink:label="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent" xlink:to="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the obligations incurred through that date and payable for payment from depositary bank. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payment from Depositary Bank, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payment from depositary bank, current (1)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Taxes Payable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tax payables</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Professional Fees, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Professional service fee payables</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent" xlink:label="tuya_MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent" xlink:to="tuya_MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for membership fee to be refunded (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Membership Fee to be Refunded, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Membership fee to be refunded (2)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_Deposits" xlink:label="us-gaap_Deposits" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Deposits" xlink:to="us-gaap_Deposits_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Deposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deposits</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Deposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deposit payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent" xlink:label="tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent" xlink:to="tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the obligations incurred through that date and payable for sales return allowances. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Sales Return Allowances, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Sales return allowances</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Advertising, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advertising and promotion fee payables</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product Warranty Accrual, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product warranty</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent" xlink:label="tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent" xlink:to="tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of payables for share repurchases.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payables for Share Repurchase Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payables for share repurchase (3)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Liabilities, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Others</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent" xlink:label="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent" xlink:to="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the obligations incurred through that date and payable for payment from depositary bank, non-current portion.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payment from Depositary Bank, Non-current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payment from depositary bank, non-current (1)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total accruals and other liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accruals and other current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesTable" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesTable" xlink:to="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule reflecting a accruals and other liabilities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accruals and Other Liabilities [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-operating income</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems" xlink:to="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accruals and Other Liabilities [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accruals and Other Liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank" xlink:label="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank" xlink:to="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of reimbursement payment from depositary bank.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reimbursement Payment from Depositary Bank</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reimbursement payment from depositary bank</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome" xlink:label="tuya_PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome" xlink:to="tuya_PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The period of arrangement in which amount recorded ratably as other non-operating income, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period of Arrangement in which Amount Recorded Ratably as Other Non-operating Income</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period of arrangement in which amount recorded ratably as other non-operating income</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded" xlink:label="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded" xlink:to="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of reimbursement payment from depositary bank recorded during the reporting period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reimbursement Payment from Depositary Bank, Recorded</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reimbursement payment from depositary bank recorded</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember" xlink:label="tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember" xlink:to="tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cloud-based Connectivity and Basic IoT Services [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MembershipMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MembershipMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MembershipMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MembershipMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MembershipMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Membership [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MembershipMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Membership</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SaasMember" xlink:label="tuya_SaasMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SaasMember" xlink:to="tuya_SaasMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SaasMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to SaaS.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SaasMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SaaS [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SaasMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SaaS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ending balances</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Beginning balances</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total deferred revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Change in Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue" xlink:to="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of deferral of revenue during the period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Deferral of Revenue</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferral of revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance" xlink:to="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of revenue recognized that was previously included in balance of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration from customer has been received or is due, including opening balance.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized, Including Opening Balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Recognition of deferred revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment Income, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest income and investment income, net (1)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments" xlink:label="tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments" xlink:to="tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of fair value change of long-term investments.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value Change of Long-Term Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair value change of long-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross" xlink:label="tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross" xlink:to="tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of investment income, gross.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment Income, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest income and investment income, gross</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts" xlink:label="tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts" xlink:to="tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of investment gain (loss) from foreign exchange contraxts.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment Gain (Loss) from Foreign Exchange Contracts</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment gain (loss) from foreign exchange contracts</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Stock by Class [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xlink:to="tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for series A convertible preferred shares.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Series A convertible preferred shares [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Series A convertible preferred shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xlink:to="tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for series A-1 convertible preferred shares.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Series A-1 convertible preferred shares [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Series A-1 convertible preferred shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xlink:to="tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for series B convertible preferred shares.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Series B convertible preferred shares [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Series B convertible preferred shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xlink:to="tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for series C convertible preferred shares.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Series C convertible preferred shares [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Series C convertible preferred shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember" xlink:to="tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for series D convertible preferred shares.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Series D convertible preferred shares [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Series D convertible preferred shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AdrMember" xlink:label="dei_AdrMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AdrMember" xlink:to="dei_AdrMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AdrMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ADR [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_AdrMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ADSs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share Repurchase Program [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share Repurchase Program [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member" xlink:label="tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member" xlink:to="tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the share repurchase program, 2021.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share Repurchase Program [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share Repurchase Program</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Scenario [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Scenario [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member" xlink:label="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member" xlink:to="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to Ads representing ordinary shares 18813449.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ads Representing Ordinary Shares 18813449 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ads representing ordinary shares 18813449</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member" xlink:label="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member" xlink:to="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to ads representing ordinary shares 1200794.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ads Representing Ordinary Shares 1200794 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ads representing ordinary shares 1200794</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member" xlink:to="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to ordinary shares representing ordinary shares 26,400.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary Shares Representing Ordinary Shares 26,400. [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordianry shares representing ordinary shares 26,400</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member" xlink:to="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to ordinary shares representing ordinary shares 1200794.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary Shares Representing Ordinary Shares 1200794 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares representing ordinary shares 1200794</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:label="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:to="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Counterparty Name [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:label="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:to="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Counterparty Name [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember" xlink:label="tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember" xlink:to="tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for represents registration of parties.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Registered Shareholders [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Registered shareholders</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InvestorMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestorMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestorMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestorMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestorMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investor [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestorMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investor</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TwoInvestorsMember" xlink:label="tuya_TwoInvestorsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TwoInvestorsMember" xlink:to="tuya_TwoInvestorsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TwoInvestorsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to two investors (part of Angel Investors).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TwoInvestorsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Two Investors [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TwoInvestorsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Two investors</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_OtherInvestorsMember" xlink:label="tuya_OtherInvestorsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_OtherInvestorsMember" xlink:to="tuya_OtherInvestorsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_OtherInvestorsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to the other investor (part of Angel Investors).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_OtherInvestorsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The Other Investors [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_OtherInvestorsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The other investor</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Related Party [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Related Party [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Related Party [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Related Party</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Class of Stock [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary Shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_CommonStockValueAuthorized" xlink:label="tuya_CommonStockValueAuthorized" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_CommonStockValueAuthorized" xlink:to="tuya_CommonStockValueAuthorized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_CommonStockValueAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The maximum amount of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_CommonStockValueAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Value Authorized</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_CommonStockValueAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Authorized share capital</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shares Issued, Price Per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shares issued price per share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Original issuance price</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Share Subscribed but Unissued, Subscriptions Receivable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Subscription receivables from shareholders</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Contributed Capital</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Subscription receivables received</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_NumberOfInvestors" xlink:label="tuya_NumberOfInvestors" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_NumberOfInvestors" xlink:to="tuya_NumberOfInvestors_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_NumberOfInvestors_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to number of investors.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_NumberOfInvestors_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of Investors</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_NumberOfInvestors_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of investors</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Issuance Initial Public Offering</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from IPO</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated" xlink:to="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares issued for the ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary Shares Reclassified and Re-designated</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio" xlink:to="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ratio applied to the ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary Shares Reclassified and Re-designated, Ratio</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated, ratio</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted" xlink:to="tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares issued for the ordinary shares converted.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary Shares Converted</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of ordinary shares converted</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio" xlink:to="tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ratio applied to the ordinary shares converted.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary Shares Converted, Ratio</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares converted, ratio</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare" xlink:label="tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare" xlink:to="tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The number of votes that each common share is entitled.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Number of Votes per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares, votes per share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio" xlink:label="dei_EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio" xlink:to="dei_EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Listing, Depository Receipt Ratio</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of underlying shares represented by one ADS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Repurchase Program, Authorized Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share repurchase program, authorized amount</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramPeriodInForce1" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramPeriodInForce1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramPeriodInForce1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Repurchase Program, Period in Force</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramPeriodInForce1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share repurchase program, period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury Stock, Shares, Acquired</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares repurchased during period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Treasury Stock Acquired, Average Cost Per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average price of shares repurchased during period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stock Repurchase Program, Remaining Authorized Repurchase Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share repurchase program, remaining authorized amount</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember" xlink:label="tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember" xlink:to="tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Classification of common stock representing ownership interest in a corporation, Class A and Class B.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares [Member]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother" xlink:label="tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother" xlink:to="tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The number of shares converted from one class of ordinary shares to another.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Conversion of One Class of Ordinary Shares to Another</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Conversion of Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Temporary Equity, by Class of Stock [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Temporary Equity [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Convertible Preferred Shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of new stock classified as temporary equity issued during the period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Temporary Equity, Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares issued during the period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Temporary Equity, Par or Stated Value Per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Par value of convertible preferred shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Issuance of Convertible Preferred Stock</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred shares, net of issuance costs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" xlink:to="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of direct costs associated with issuing temporary equity. Includes, but is not limited to, legal and accounting fees and direct costs associated with stock issues under a shelf registration.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Temporary Equity, Stock Issued, Issuance Costs</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Issuance costs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares" xlink:to="tuya_TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents of new stock of temporary equity repurchased during the period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Temporary Equity, Repurchase of Shares, Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares repurchased</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfConvertiblePreferredStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfConvertiblePreferredStock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfConvertiblePreferredStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments for Repurchase of Convertible Preferred Stock</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Plan Name [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Plan Name [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_Plan2015Member" xlink:label="tuya_Plan2015Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_Plan2015Member" xlink:to="tuya_Plan2015Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_Plan2015Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to 2015 plan.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_Plan2015Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Plan 2015 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_Plan2015Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2015 Plan</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_VestingAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_VestingAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Vesting [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_VestingDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_VestingDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Vesting [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share Based Compensation Award Tranche One [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based payment arrangement, tranche one</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share Based Compensation Award Tranche Two [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based payment arrangement, tranche two</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Award Type [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Award Type [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Restricted Share Units (RSUs)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of ordinary shares reserved for issuance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contractual term</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Vesting period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Vesting percentage</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Payment Arrangement, Plan Modification, Incremental Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total incremental share-based compensation expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Option, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expenses expected to be amortized over the remaining requisite service period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne" xlink:label="tuya_AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne" xlink:to="tuya_AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condition one annual incremental in total number of shares available for issuance.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Annual Incremental In Total Number Of Shares Available For Issuance, Condition One</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of issued and outstanding stock of the entity considered for annual incremental in total number of shares available for issuance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of options granted</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Requisite Service Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Requisite service period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the end</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the beginning</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of options outstanding</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Employee Stock Option [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share Option</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share option and RSU-weighted shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of options Exercised</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of options Forfeited</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average exercise price per share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the end (in dollars per share)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the beginning (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Granted (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercised (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Forfeited (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average grant date fair value per share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Option, Nonvested, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the end (in dollars per share)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the beginning (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Granted (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The weighted average grant-date fair value of options exercised during the reporting period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Nonvested Options Forfeited, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Forfeited (in dollar per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average remaining contractual term and Aggregate intrinsic value</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average remaining contractual term</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the end (in dollars)</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the estimated fair value of the underlying stock</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrecognized share-based compensation expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted-average vesting period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercise price (US Dollar)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple" xlink:to="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The exercise multiple used to value the options grants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Exercise Multiple</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercise multiple</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate, Minimum</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Risk-free interest rate, minimum</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate, Maximum</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Risk-free interest rate, maximum</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expected term (in years)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate, Minimum</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expected volatility, minimum</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate, Maximum</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expected volatility, maximum</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate" xlink:to="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The estimated forfeiture rate (post-vesting) used to value the options grants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Forfeiture Rate</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of options grants (US Dollar)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption" xlink:to="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The fair value of share option used to value the options grants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Fair value of Share Option</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair value of share option (US Dollar)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the end</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the beginning</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Granted</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Vested</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeited in Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Forfeited</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average grant date fair value per share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the end (in dollars per share)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding at the beginning (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Granted (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Vested (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeitures, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Forfeited (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureTable" xlink:label="tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureTable" xlink:to="tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of information pertaining to income taxes.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Tax Disclosure [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Geographical [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Geographical [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023/country-2023.xsd#country_HK" xlink:label="country_HK" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_HK" xlink:to="country_HK_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_HK_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">country_HK</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="country_HK_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">HONG KONG</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023/country-2023.xsd#country_CN" xlink:label="country_CN" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_CN" xlink:to="country_CN_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_CN_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">country_CN</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="country_CN_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PRC entities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023/country-2023.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="country_US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_US" xlink:to="country_US_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_US_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">country_US</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="country_US_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">UNITED STATES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PRC Statutory income tax rate</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Corporate tax rate</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PreferentialTaxRate" xlink:label="tuya_PreferentialTaxRate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PreferentialTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the preferential tax rate.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PreferentialTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Preferential Tax Rate</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_PreferentialTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Preferential tax rate</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod" xlink:label="tuya_HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the HNTE certificate effective period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">HNTE Certificate Effective Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">HNTE certificate effective period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_WithholdingIncomeTaxRateOnDividendsDistributed" xlink:label="tuya_WithholdingIncomeTaxRateOnDividendsDistributed" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_WithholdingIncomeTaxRateOnDividendsDistributed_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Withholding Income Tax Rate on Dividends Distributed</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_WithholdingIncomeTaxRateOnDividendsDistributed_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Withholding income tax rate on dividends distributed</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfImmediateHoldingCompanyInHongKongOwnsDirectlyAtLeast25OfShares" xlink:label="tuya_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfImmediateHoldingCompanyInHongKongOwnsDirectlyAtLeast25OfShares" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfImmediateHoldingCompanyInHongKongOwnsDirectlyAtLeast25OfShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the maximum withholding income tax rate if the immediate holding company in Hong Kong owns directly at least 25% of the shares.</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PercentageOfSharesOfFieForWithholdingIncomeTaxRateOf5_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the percentage of shares of the FIE for withholding income tax rate of 5%.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PercentageOfSharesOfFieForWithholdingIncomeTaxRateOf5_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage Of Shares Of The Fie For Withholding Income Tax Rate Of 5%</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_FranchiseTaxRate" xlink:label="tuya_FranchiseTaxRate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_FranchiseTaxRate" xlink:to="tuya_FranchiseTaxRate_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_FranchiseTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the percentage of franchise tax rate.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_FranchiseTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Franchise Tax Rate</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_FranchiseTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Franchise tax rate (as a percent)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_FranchiseTax" xlink:label="tuya_FranchiseTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_FranchiseTax" xlink:to="tuya_FranchiseTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_FranchiseTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the amount of franchise tax.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_FranchiseTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Franchise Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_FranchiseTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Franchise tax</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Loss Carryforwards</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tax losses carry forwards</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_OtherThanChinaMember" xlink:label="tuya_OtherThanChinaMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_OtherThanChinaMember" xlink:to="tuya_OtherThanChinaMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_OtherThanChinaMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to area Other than China.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_OtherThanChinaMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Than China [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_OtherThanChinaMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Overseas entities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current Federal Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current income tax expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Federal Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total income tax expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Foreign Income Tax Rate Differential, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="tuya_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRatePercent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRatePercent" xlink:to="tuya_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRatePercent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to effect of preferential tax rate for qualifies high and new technology enterprise entities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Preferential Tax Rate, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="tuya_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect of preferential tax rate for qualified HNTE entities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseResearchAndDevelopment" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseResearchAndDevelopment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseResearchAndDevelopment" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseResearchAndDevelopment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseResearchAndDevelopment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Research and Development, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseResearchAndDevelopment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additional deduction for research and development expenditures</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based compensation expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Prior Year Income Taxes, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Permanent book-tax differences</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Change in valuation allowance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective tax rates</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net accumulated losses-carry forward</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsImpairmentLosses" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsImpairmentLosses" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsImpairmentLosses" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsImpairmentLosses_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsImpairmentLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserves and Accruals, Impairment Losses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsImpairmentLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Credit-related impairment of long-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Inventory</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory write-downs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Asset, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserve and Accrual, Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Receivables allowances</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Other</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other deductible temporary difference</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: valuation allowance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Balance at end of the year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Balance at beginning of the year</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total deferred tax assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Loss Carryforwards [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis" xlink:label="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis" xlink:to="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Information about tax expiration period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tax Expiration Period [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tax Expiration Period [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodDomain" xlink:label="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodDomain" xlink:to="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tax expiration period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tax Expiration Period [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tax Expiration Period [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ExpirationYear2024Member" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2024Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ExpirationYear2024Member" xlink:to="tuya_ExpirationYear2024Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2024Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Identified as tax expiration period 2024.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2024Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration Year 2024 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2024Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2024</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ExpirationYear2025Member" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2025Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ExpirationYear2025Member" xlink:to="tuya_ExpirationYear2025Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2025Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Identified as tax expiration period 2025.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2025Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration Year 2025 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2025Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2025</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ExpirationYear2026Member" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2026Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ExpirationYear2026Member" xlink:to="tuya_ExpirationYear2026Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2026Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Identified as tax expiration period 2026.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2026Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration Year 2026 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2026Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2026</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ExpirationYear2027Member" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2027Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ExpirationYear2027Member" xlink:to="tuya_ExpirationYear2027Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2027Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Identified as tax expiration period 2027.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2027Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration Year 2027 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2027Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2027</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member" xlink:to="tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Identified as tax expiration period 2028.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration Year 2028 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2028</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member" xlink:to="tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Identified as tax expiration period 2029.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration Year 2029 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2029</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member" xlink:to="tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Identified as tax expiration period 2030.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration Year 2030 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2030</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member" xlink:to="tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Identified as tax expiration period 2031.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration Year 2031 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2031</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member" xlink:to="tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Identified as tax expiration period 2032.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration Year 2032 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2032</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member" xlink:to="tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Identified as tax expiration period 2033.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration Year 2033 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2033</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" xlink:label="tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" xlink:to="tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the amount of tax losses carry forwards from PRC entities that will expire.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Loss Carryforwards, Subject to Expiration</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total tax losses carry forwards</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Valuation Allowance [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Valuation allowance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Changes of valuation allowance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_NumeratorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="tuya_NumeratorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_NumeratorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="tuya_NumeratorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_NumeratorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">No definition available.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_NumeratorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Numerator For Calculation Of Earnings Per Share [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_NumeratorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Numerator:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Diluted</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.'s ordinary shareholders, diluted</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_DenominatorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="tuya_DenominatorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_DenominatorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="tuya_DenominatorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_DenominatorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">No definition available.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_DenominatorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Denominator For Calculation Of Earnings Per Share [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_DenominatorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Denominator:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Antidilutive Securities [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Antidilutive Securities, Name [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per ordinary share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_CapitalAndOtherCommitmentsMinimum" xlink:label="tuya_CapitalAndOtherCommitmentsMinimum" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_CapitalAndOtherCommitmentsMinimum" xlink:to="tuya_CapitalAndOtherCommitmentsMinimum_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_CapitalAndOtherCommitmentsMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of capital lease obligations and other commitments.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_CapitalAndOtherCommitmentsMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Capital and Other Commitments, Minimum</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_CapitalAndOtherCommitmentsMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Future minimum capital commitments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne" xlink:to="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid within one year.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Within Year One</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease commitment within one year or less lease term</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" xlink:to="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchase Obligation</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInNextTwelveMonths" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchase Obligation, to be Paid, Year One</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less Than 1 year</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInSecondAndThirdYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInSecondAndThirdYear" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInSecondAndThirdYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInSecondAndThirdYear_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInSecondAndThirdYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchase Obligation, to be Paid, Year Two and Three</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInSecondAndThirdYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">1-3 years</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted" xlink:to="us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchase Commitment, Remaining Minimum Amount Committed</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchase obligations remaining non-cancelable contractual commitments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue" xlink:label="tuya_AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue" xlink:to="tuya_AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of agreement under committed to aggregate values.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Aggregate Purchase Committed Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Aggregate purchase committed value</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade" xlink:label="tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade" xlink:to="tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">It represents the value of aggregate payments made under purchase commitment.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchase Commitment, Aggregate Payments Made</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total payments made</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Related Party Transactions</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionPurchasesFromRelatedParty" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionPurchasesFromRelatedParty" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionPurchasesFromRelatedParty" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionPurchasesFromRelatedParty_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionPurchasesFromRelatedParty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Related Party Transaction, Purchases from Related Party</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionPurchasesFromRelatedParty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchase of cloud service from Tencent Group</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Due to Tencent Group</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Liability, Related Party, Type [Extensible Enumeration]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Liability, Related Party, Name [Extensible Enumeration]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Receivables</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid service fee to Tencent Group</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Related Party, Type [Extensible Enumeration]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Related Party, Name [Extensible Enumeration]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund" xlink:label="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund" xlink:to="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The percentage of minimum value of statutory after-tax profit required to be appropriated to statutory general reserve fund.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Appropriation of after-tax Profit Required Minimum Percentage to Statutory General Reserve Fund</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum percentage of statutory after-tax profit required to be appropriated to statutory general reserve fund</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="tuya-20231231.xsd#tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital" xlink:label="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital" xlink:to="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The percentage of maximum value of statutory general reserve fund as registered capital.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Appropriation of after-tax Profit Required Maximum Percentage of Statutory General Reserve Fund as Registered Capital</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum percentage of statutory general reserve fund as registered capital</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of Restricted Net Assets for Consolidated and Unconsolidated Subsidiaries</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Restricted portion</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTable" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTable" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Financial Statements [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Consolidation Items [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Consolidation Items [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xlink:to="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reportable Legal Entities [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reportable Legal Entities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ParentCompanyMember" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ParentCompanyMember" xlink:to="srt_ParentCompanyMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Parent Company [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Parent Company</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Balance sheet</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Receivables, Net, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amounts due from subsidiaries</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsInAffiliatesSubsidiariesAssociatesAndJointVentures" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsInAffiliatesSubsidiariesAssociatesAndJointVentures" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsInAffiliatesSubsidiariesAssociatesAndJointVentures" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentsInAffiliatesSubsidiariesAssociatesAndJointVentures_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsInAffiliatesSubsidiariesAssociatesAndJointVentures_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investments in and Advance to Affiliates, Subsidiaries, Associates, and Joint Ventures</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsInAffiliatesSubsidiariesAssociatesAndJointVentures_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment in subsidiaries and VIE</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTable" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822145440">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">20-F<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement', window );">Document Registration Statement</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport', window );">Document Annual Report</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport', window );">Document Transition Report</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport', window );">Document Shell Company Report</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 31,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-40210<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Tuya Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">E9<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">10/F, Building A, Huace Center<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Xihu District<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Hangzhou City<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CN<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">310012<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer', window );">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers', window );">Entity Voluntary Filers</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent', window );">Entity Interactive Data Current</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod', window );">Entity Ex Transition Period</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityShellCompany', window );">Entity Shell Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentAccountingStandard', window );">Document Accounting Standard</a></td>
<td class="text">U.S. GAAP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag', window );">ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag', window );">Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001829118<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Period Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">FY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorName', window );">Auditor Name</a></td>
<td class="text">PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorFirmId', window );">Auditor Firm ID</a></td>
<td class="text">1424<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorLocation', window );">Auditor Location</a></td>
<td class="text">Shanghai, the People&#8217;s Republic of China<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_AmericanDepositaryShareMember', window );">American depositary share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">American depositary shares, each representing one Class A ordinary share, par value US$0.00005 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">TUYA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.00005 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">504,387,299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,205,300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember', window );">Business Contact</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_ContactPersonnelName', window );">Contact Personnel Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Yao (Jessie) Liu<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">10/F, Building A, Huace Center<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Xihu District<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Hangzhou City<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CN<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">310012<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">0571<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">86915981<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress', window );">Contact Personnel Email Address</a></td>
<td class="text">ir@tuya.com<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorFirmId">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>PCAOB issued Audit Firm Identifier</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorFirmId</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:nonemptySequenceNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorLocation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorLocation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Email address of contact personnel.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_ContactPersonnelName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of contact personnel</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_ContactPersonnelName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAccountingStandard">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing This can either be 'U.S. GAAP', 'International Financial Reporting Standards', or 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAccountingStandard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:accountingStandardItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an annual report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAnnualReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates whether any of the financial statement period in the filing include a restatement due to error correction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection w<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3.  1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a registration statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true for a Shell Company Report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13<br> -Subsection a-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentTransitionReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if an emerging growth company has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 7A<br> -Section B<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-T<br> -Number 232<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityShellCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityShellCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_AmericanDepositaryShareMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_AmericanDepositaryShareMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>34
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450912350736">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 498,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 133,161<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments', window );">Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">291,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">821,134<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,172<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Notes receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,955<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,767<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Inventories, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">32,865<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,380<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepayments and other current assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,053<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,752<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">847,798<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,023,366<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, equipment and software, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,589<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,827<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,647<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,736<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">207,489<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,031<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">877<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,179<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent', window );">Total non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">218,602<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,773<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,066,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,056,139<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the primary beneficiary of 1,422 and 1,679 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively):</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,577<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,595<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AdvanceFromCustomers', window );">Advance from customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,776<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,633<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue, current</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,802<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,821<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accruals and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">32,807<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,383<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent', window );">Income tax payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">689<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Lease liabilities, current</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,883<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,850<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">87,534<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81,282<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-current liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the primary beneficiary of nil and nil as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively):</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Lease liabilities, non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,904<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,292<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Deferred revenue, non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">506<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">394<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,891<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,004<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Total non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,301<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,690<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">95,835<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">93,972<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue', window );">Treasury stock (US$0.00005 par value; 25,596,331 and 16,795,331 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="num">(53,630)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(86,438)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,616,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,584,764<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(17,091)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(22,115)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(574,848)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(514,073)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">970,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">962,167<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,066,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,056,139<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid nor invoiced, and liabilities classified as other (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AdvanceFromCustomers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the information pertaining to Advance From Customers, current as on the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AdvanceFromCustomers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of the unpaid sum of the known and estimated amounts payable to satisfy all currently due domestic and foreign income tax obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value received from shareholders in common stock-related transactions that are in excess of par value or stated value and amounts received from other stock-related transactions. Includes only common stock transactions (excludes preferred stock transactions). May be called contributed capital, capital in excess of par, capital surplus, or paid-in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation due after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amortized cost, after allowance for credit loss, of financing receivable classified as current. Excludes net investment in lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480842/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated undistributed earnings (deficit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-11<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investments including trading securities, available-for-sale securities, held-to-maturity securities, and short-term investments classified as other and current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480167/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 14: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480418/310-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount allocated to previously issued common shares repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481520/505-30-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.30)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450815440880">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 87,534<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 81,282<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,301<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,690<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Treasury stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,795,331<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,596,331<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">504,387,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">499,146,560<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">487,591,968<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">473,550,229<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,205,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,205,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember', window );">Consolidated VIE</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,679<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,422<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of treasury stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation due after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of previously issued common shares repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450912260656">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 229,990<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 208,172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 302,076<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold', window );">Cost of revenue</a></td>
<td class="num">(123,335)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(118,749)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(174,209)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="nump">106,655<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">89,423<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">127,867<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating expenses:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(102,277)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(144,942)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(174,289)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense', window );">Sales and marketing expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(40,440)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(55,662)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(75,384)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">General and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(80,663)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(67,513)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(71,589)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Other operating incomes, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,901<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,508<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,835<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(212,479)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(257,609)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(311,427)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(105,824)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(168,186)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(183,560)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Other income/(loss)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-operating incomes, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,904<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,958<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_FinancialIncomeNet', window );">Financial income, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">44,976<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,546<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,286<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Foreign exchange (loss)/gain, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">669<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,441<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(618)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Loss before income tax expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(57,066)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(144,295)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(174,934)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Income tax expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,249)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,880)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(490)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive income/(loss)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Changes in fair value of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,791)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,493)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">357<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax', window );">Transfer out of fair value changes of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,722)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,942)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,482<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Total comprehensive loss attributable to Tuya Inc.</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (55,291)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (170,610)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (173,585)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing net loss per share, basic</a></td>
<td class="nump">555,466,061<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">553,527,529<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">489,149,533<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing net loss per share, diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">555,466,061<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">553,527,529<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">489,149,533<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders-basic</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.11)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.26)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.36)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders-diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.11)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.26)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.36)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive income/(loss)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,734<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,692<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,542<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember', window );">Sales and marketing expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive income/(loss)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,446<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,825<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,702<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember', window );">General and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive income/(loss)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 45,036<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 47,502<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 44,845<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_FinancialIncomeNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of financial income, net incurred during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_FinancialIncomeNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes amount capitalized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.F)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(26))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs related to goods produced and sold and services rendered by an entity during the reporting period. This excludes costs incurred during the reporting period related to financial services rendered and other revenue generating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2(a),(d))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-15<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (e)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-15<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (e)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of realized and unrealized gain (loss) from foreign currency transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482014/830-20-35-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481956/830-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481926/830-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481839/830-10-45-17<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total of expenses of managing and administering the affairs of an entity, including affiliates of the reporting entity, which are not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
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-Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 19: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.1,2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479557/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 940<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481913/940-20-25-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature, attributable to parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-19<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-20<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized loss realized upon the write-down of available-for-sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-15<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-17A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax and before adjustment, of unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) related to nonoperating activities, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.9)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482916/730-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 730<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482517/912-730-25-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total amount of expenses directly related to the marketing or selling of products or services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818079888">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY/(DEFICIT) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Ordinary shares </div>
<div>Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjusted balance</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Ordinary shares</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Additional paid-in capital </div>
<div>Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjusted balance</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Additional paid-in capital</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Treasury Stock </div>
<div>Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjusted balance</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Treasury Stock</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income </div>
<div>Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjusted balance</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Accumulated deficit </div>
<div>Cumulative effect of accounting change</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Accumulated deficit </div>
<div>Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjusted balance</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Accumulated deficit</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Cumulative effect of accounting change</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjusted balance</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Total</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2020</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,315<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 481<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (192,474)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (164,667)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Beginning Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,980,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward', window );"><strong>Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">904,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">904,732<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,076,479<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,999<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,026,282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Conversion of redeemable preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">333,653<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">333,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Conversion of redeemable preferred shares (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">278,163,799<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares reserved for equity incentive plan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares reserved for equity incentive plan (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue', window );">Repurchase of ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (53,645)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(53,645)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares', window );">Repurchase of ordinary shares (in share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,008,269)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation', window );">Exercise of share option and vested restricted share unit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,646)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,716<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,070<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Exercise of share option and vested restricted share unit (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,403,461<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Fair value change of long-term investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">357<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">357<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,482<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,482<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1', window );">Share-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">66,089<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">66,089<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2021</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,526,140<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (46,930)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,320<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(367,898)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,113,661<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">571,246,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,604,808)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward', window );"><strong>Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue', window );">Repurchase of ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (59,631)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(59,631)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares', window );">Repurchase of ordinary shares (in share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(18,839,849)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation', window );">Exercise of share option and vested restricted share unit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(19,084)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,039<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Exercise of share option and vested restricted share unit (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,848,326<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,689<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,689<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Fair value change of long-term investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,493)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,493)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,942)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,942)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1', window );">Share-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,019<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,584,764<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,584,764<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (86,438)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (86,438)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (22,115)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(22,115)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (460)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (514,533)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(514,073)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (460)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 961,707<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 962,167<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">578,546,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">578,546,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25,596,331)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25,596,331)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,596,331<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward', window );"><strong>Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue', window );">Repurchase of ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,254)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,254)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares', window );">Repurchase of ordinary shares (in share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,200,794)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation', window );">Exercise of share option and vested restricted share unit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(27,361)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,187<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Exercise of share option and vested restricted share unit (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,047,833<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockRetiredCostMethodAmount', window );">Cancellation of Treasury stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,514)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,514<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired', window );">Cancellation of Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,953,961)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,953,961<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Fair value change of long-term investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,791)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,791)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax', window );">Transfer out of fair value changes of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,537<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,722)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,722)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1', window );">Share-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,216<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,216<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,616,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (53,630)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (17,091)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (574,848)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 970,565<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">574,592,599<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,795,331)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,795,331<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from a tax benefit (deficiency) associated with an share-based compensation plan other than an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AdjustmentToAdditionalPaidInCapitalIncomeTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensationNetTotal1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during period upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of shares issued during period upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodValueUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of issuance Of Ordinary Shares Prior To initial public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of issuance of ordinary shares prior to initial public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature, attributable to parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-19<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-20<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized loss realized upon the write-down of available-for-sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-15<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-17A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax and before adjustment, of unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period as a result of the conversion of convertible securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-30)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period to an employee benefit plan, such as a defined contribution or defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number, after forfeiture, of shares or units issued under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes shares or units issued under employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The gross value of stock issued during the period upon the conversion of convertible securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of shares issued during the period to an employee benefit plan, such as a defined contribution or defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480167/946-830-55-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 205<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480767/946-205-45-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value, after forfeiture, of shares issued under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares that have been repurchased during the period and have not been retired and are not held in treasury. Some state laws may govern the circumstances under which an entity may acquire its own stock and prescribe the accounting treatment therefore. This element is used when state law does not recognize treasury stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of stock that has been repurchased during the period and has not been retired and is not held in treasury. Some state laws may mandate the circumstances under which an entity may acquire its own stock and prescribe the accounting treatment therefore. This element is used when state law does not recognize treasury stock.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchasedDuringPeriodValue</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480167/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 14: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480418/310-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of previously issued common shares repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockRetiredCostMethodAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease of par value, additional paid in capital (APIC) and retained earnings of common and preferred stock retired from treasury when treasury stock is accounted for under the cost method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockRetiredCostMethodAmount</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common and preferred stock retired from treasury during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816812640">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY/(DEFICIT) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 28, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY/(DEFICIT)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>39
<FILENAME>R7.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450912266224">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash generated from operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">65,216<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">66,089<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and software</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,449<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,443<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,369<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization', window );">Amortization of right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,766<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,981<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal', window );">Allowance for doubtful receivables / allowance for credit losses</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,595<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown', window );">Inventory write-downs</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,067<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,806<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment', window );">Loss/(gain) on disposal of property, equipment and software</a></td>
<td class="num">(221)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(219)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">365<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Loss/(gain) on foreign currency exchange rates</a></td>
<td class="num">(669)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,441)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">618<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Investment loss/ (gain)</a></td>
<td class="num">(697)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments', window );">Fair value change on short-term and long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">76<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,449)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">833<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments', window );">Impairment loss of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,046<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,241<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(23,430)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInNotesReceivableCurrent', window );">Notes receivable</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,284)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,374)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,733<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,217<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,135<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(22,121)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Prepayments and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,251)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,893<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,134)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">290<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">639<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(89)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,982<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,617)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,947)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers', window );">Advance from customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,143<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,455)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,010<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">93<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,898)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,938<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable', window );">Income tax payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">689<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(159)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Accruals and other payables</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,372)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(24,280)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,109<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,366)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,924)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,164)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities', window );">Other non-current liability</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,113)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,480)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,484<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">36,443<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(70,654)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(126,103)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from investing activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments', window );">Payment for short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(327,244)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,257,697)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(468,705)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments', window );">Proceeds from disposal of short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">853,703<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">543,790<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">385,549<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets', window );">Purchase of property, equipment and software</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,499)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(710)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,193)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets', window );">Proceeds from disposal of property, equipment and software</a></td>
<td class="nump">509<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">464<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLoansReceivable', window );">Provision of bridge loans</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,930)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfLoansReceivable', window );">Loan repayment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">628<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments', window );">Payment for long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(193,014)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,575)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,334)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities', window );">Proceeds from other investing activities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,503<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">332,455<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(714,225)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(112,957)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from financing activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">904,732<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock', window );">Payment for repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,339)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(48,678)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(64,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering', window );">Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of share options</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,187<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,039<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,070<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,057<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts', window );">Payments of deferred offering costs</a></td>
<td class="num">(71)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash generated from/ (used in) financing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,223)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(38,582)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,041,802<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,148)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,954)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,879<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">365,527<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(831,415)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">805,621<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash at the beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">133,161<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">964,576<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">158,955<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash at the end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">498,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">133,161<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">964,576<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract', window );"><strong>Supplemental cash flow disclosures</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet', window );">Cash paid for income tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,819)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(843)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(616)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract', window );"><strong>Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ConversionFromBridgeLoanIntoInvestment', window );">Conversion from bridge loan into investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,302<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">498,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">133,161<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">963,938<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">638<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 498,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 133,161<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 964,576<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of credit loss expense (reversal of expense) for accounts and financing receivable</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ConversionFromBridgeLoanIntoInvestment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount for bridge loan converted  into investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ConversionFromBridgeLoanIntoInvestment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of impairment loss of long-term investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ImpairmentLossOfLongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Change in advance from customers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvanceFromCustomers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfClassOrdinarySharesUponNetOfCostOfIssuance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to initial public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) on Long term investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_UnrealizedGainLossOnLongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Topic 830<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481877/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate expense recognized in the current period that allocates the cost of tangible assets, intangible assets, or depleting assets to periods that benefit from use of the assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481877/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense attributable to right-of-use asset from finance lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of realized and unrealized gain (loss) from foreign currency transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482014/830-20-35-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481956/830-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481926/830-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481839/830-10-45-17<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(c),9(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment assets, including oil and gas property and timber property.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of cash paid during the current period to foreign, federal, state, and local authorities as taxes on income, net of any cash received during the current period as refunds for the overpayment of taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Change in recurring obligations of a business that arise from the acquisition of merchandise, materials, supplies and services used in the production and sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the period in the amount due for taxes based on the reporting entity's earnings or attributable to the entity's income earning process (business presence) within a given jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in deferred income and obligation to transfer product and service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate value of all inventory held by the reporting entity, associated with underlying transactions that are classified as operating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInNotesReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period of amounts due within one year (or one business cycle) from note holders for outstanding loans.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInNotesReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(1)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 842<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in other obligations or expenses incurred but not yet paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in noncurrent operating liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses, and assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of loss from reductions in inventory due to subsequent measurement adjustments, including, but not limited to, physical deterioration, obsolescence, or changes in price levels.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash (inflow) outflow from investing activities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to reacquire common stock during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for cost incurred directly with the issuance of an equity security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLoansReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for the purchase of loan receivable arising from the financing of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLoansReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for securities or other assets acquired, which qualify for treatment as an investing activity and are to be liquidated, if necessary, beyond the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the long-term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for purchases of and capital improvements on property, plant and equipment (capital expenditures), software, and other intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480060/805-50-25-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480027/805-50-30-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480027/805-50-30-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for securities or other assets acquired, which qualify for treatment as an investing activity and are to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfLoansReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the collection, including prepayments, of loans receivable issued for financing of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfLoansReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the sale of property, plant and equipment (capital expenditures), software, and other intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from sales of all investments, including securities and other assets, having ready marketability and intended by management to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of option under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450814083744">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and principal activities<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization and principal activities</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Organization and principal activities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Organization and principal activities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Principal Activities</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Tuya&#160;Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on August&#160;28, 2014, as an exempted company with limited liability. The Company and its subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entity (&#8220;VIE&#8221;) (collectively referred to as the &#8220;Group&#8221;) are principally engaged in offering PaaS&#160;(Platform-as-a-Service)&#160;to business customers developing IoT (Internet of Things) devices, including brands and their OEMs (original equipment manufacturer). Also, the Group offers Industry SaaS&#160;(Software-as-a-Service)&#160;and cloud-based value-added services to its customers. The Group also sells finished smart devices powered by Tuya purchased from qualified OEMs (the &#8220;Smart device distribution&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;History of the Group</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Prior to the incorporation of Tuya Inc. in August 2014, the Group commenced its initial operations through Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd. (&#8220;Hangzhou Tuya Technology&#8221;), which was established on June 16, 2014 by Wang Xueji and another individual. After a series of agreements, Hangzhou Tuya Technology was owned by Wang Xueji and other four individuals (collectively, the &#8220;Registered Shareholders&#8221;) together with two unrelated investors of Series Angel financing (the &#8220;Non-Registered Shareholders VIE Investors&#8221;) by August 2014. In December 2014, Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (&#8220;the WFOE&#8221;) was established after the incorporation of Tuya Inc. The Group then entered into a series of contractual arrangements among the WFOE, Hangzhou Tuya Technology and Hangzhou Tuya Technology&#8217;s shareholders in December 2014, and thereafter Hangzhou Tuya Technology (the &#8220;VIE&#8221;) became the variable interest entity of the Group. After the completion of this transaction, the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE. In 2019, the VIE agreements were amended to modify the VIE&#8217;s shareholders list and equity interest of each shareholder as a result of the change in registered share capital of the VIE and the exit of Non-Registered Shareholders VIE Investors as the VIE&#8217;s shareholders. The contractual arrangements were further amended in January 2022. The amendments discussed herein did not impact the VIE accounting treatment discussed further in Note 2(b).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s principal subsidiaries and consolidated VIE are as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Place&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Percentage of&#160;direct</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Principal</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Name of subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">incorporation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">incorporation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">or&#160;indirect ownership</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">activities</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December 31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Business development</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tuyasmart (India) Private Limited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Business development</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tuya Japan Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Business development</p></td></tr><tr><td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Hangzhou, China</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Sales of Smart devices</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div 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style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Place&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Economic</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Principal</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Name of VIE</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">incorporation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">incorporation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">interest held</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">activities</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December 31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">June 16, 2014</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Hangzhou, China</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">No substantial business</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">The VIE operated de minimis business activities and had no material impact on the Company&#8217;s financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</span></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480424/946-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480424/946-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//810/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//205/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818068208">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Principal Accounting Policies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Principal Accounting Policies</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of Preparation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Principal accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of Consolidation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, and the VIE have been eliminated upon consolidation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">A subsidiary is an entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly: (1)&#160;controls more than one half of the voting power; (2)&#160;has the power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; (3)&#160;casts a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors; or (4)&#160;governs the financial and operating policies of the investee under a statute or agreement among the shareholders or equity holders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company applies the guidance codified in Accounting Standard Codification 810, Consolidations (&#8220;ASC 810&#8221;) on accounting for the VIE, which requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity in which it has a controlling financial interest. A VIE is an entity with one or more of the following characteristics: (a)&#160;the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support; (b)&#160;as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack the ability to make certain decisions, the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns, or (c)&#160;an equity investor has voting rights that are disproportionate to its economic interest and substantially all of the entity&#8217;s activities are on behalf of the investor.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Use of Estimates</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The preparation of the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, long-lived assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Accounting estimates reflected in the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to impairment provision for inventories, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, stand-alone selling prices (SSP) for each distinct performance obligation, the valuation of ordinary shares, share-based compensation, long-term investments, and the determination of allowance for current expected credit losses. Estimates are based on historical experiences and on various assumptions that the Group believes are reasonable under current circumstances. Given the changes in circumstances, facts and experience may cause the Group to revise its estimates, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Translation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group uses United States dollar as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated in Cayman Islands and Hong Kong is the United States dollar, while the functional currency of the Group&#8217;s other subsidiaries and VIE is their respective local currency as determined based on the criteria of ASC 830,&#160;<i style="font-style:italic;">Foreign Currency Matters</i>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are re-measured into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Financial assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are re-measured at the balance sheet date exchange rate. The resulting exchange differences are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as foreign exchange related gains or loss.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The financial statements of the Group&#8217;s entities using functional currency other than US$ are translated from the functional currency to the reporting currency, US$. Assets and liabilities of the Group&#8217;s subsidiaries incorporated in PRC are translated into US$ at fiscal year-end exchange rates, while income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during each period presented, representing the index rates stipulated by the People&#8217;s Bank of China. Translation adjustments arising from these are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of shareholders&#8217; equity on the consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Fair Value Measurements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument&#8217;s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1)&#160;market approach; (2)&#160;income approach and (3)&#160;cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Financial assets and liabilities of the Group mainly consist of cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, equity securities, account receivables, notes receivable, derivative instruments, certain other current assets, U.S. treasury securities, available-for-sale debt securities, account payables and certain accruals and other liabilities. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, except for time deposits, derivative instruments, equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities, the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated their fair values due to their short-term maturity. The Group reports equity securities with readily determinable fair values included in short-term investments at fair value and discloses the fair value of these investments based on level 1 measurement. The Group reports time deposits included in short-term investments, derivative instruments and equity securities with readily determinable fair value included in long-term investments at fair value, and discloses their fair value based on level 2 measurement. The Group reports available-for-sale debt securities at fair value and discloses the fair value of these investments based on level 3 measurement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The following table sets forth the Group&#8217;s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair&#160;value&#160;measurement&#160;at&#160;reporting&#160;date&#160;using</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair&#160;value</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Quoted&#160;Prices&#160;in&#160;Active</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant</b>&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">as&#160;of</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Markets&#160;for&#160;Identical</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant&#160;Other</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Unobservable</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Assets</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Observable&#160;Inputs</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Inputs</b>&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level&#160;1)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level&#160;2)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level&#160;3)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Assets:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 821,134</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,249</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 818,885</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,031</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 366</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 839,165</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,249</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 819,251</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair value measurement at reporting date using</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair value</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Quoted Prices in Active</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> as of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Markets for Identical</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant Other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Unobservable</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Observable Inputs</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Inputs</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level 2)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level 3)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Assets:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 291,023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,265</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 288,758</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,110</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 236</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 301,133</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,265</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 288,994</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The roll forward of major Level 3 investments are as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25,583</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">New addition</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,575</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The change in fair value of the investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,493)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The change in fair value of the investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (7,791)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">Management determined the fair value of these Level 3 investments based on market approach using various unobservable inputs. The determination of the fair value required significant judgement by management with respect to the assumptions and estimates for the lack of marketability discounts, expected volatility and probability in equity allocation. 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Unobservable Inputs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Expected volatility</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">40%-63</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">40%-59</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Probability</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Liquidation scenario:35%-45</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Liquidation scenario:38%-40</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Redemption scenario:35%-45</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Redemption scenario:38%-40</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">IPO scenario:10%-30</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">IPO scenario:20%-25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Cash and cash equivalents include cash in bank and time deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions which have original maturities of three&#160;months or less at the time of purchase and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(g)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Restricted Cash</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Restricted cash represents cash that cannot be withdrawn without the permission of third parties. The Group&#8217;s restricted cash is substantially cash balance on deposit required by its business partners and commercial banks. The restricted cash balance as of December 31, 2021 was related to deposits for foreign currency forward contracts, and were subsequently released from the restriction in January 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term Investments</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Short-term investments are comprised of i) time deposits placed with banks with original maturities longer than three months but less than one year, ii) time deposits placed with bank with original maturities longer than one year which are transferable and the Group has intention to sell within one year, iii) structured deposits issued by banks which contains fixed or variable interest with original maturities within one year, and iv) equity securities with readily determinable fair value which the Group has intention and ability to sell within one year. The time deposits are generally not permitted to be redeemed early or are subject to penalties for redemption prior to maturities. These investments are stated at fair value. Changes in the fair value are reflected in financial income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Accounts Receivable, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Accounts receivables are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, &#8220;Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments&#8221; (&#8220;ASC Topic 326&#8221;), which creates an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The Company adopted the accounting standards update using a modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption of the new standard on January 1, 2023, the Company recorded a net decrease to its retained earnings of US$460.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company&#8217;s accounts receivable, notes receivable, certain other receivables recorded in prepayments and other current assets and other non-current assets, and deposits and U.S. treasury securities are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. To estimate the allowance for current expected credit losses (&#8220;CECL&#8221;), the Company has identified the relevant risk characteristics of its customers and the related receivables which include but are not limited to geographic region and industry. Receivables with similar risk characteristics have been grouped into pools. For each pool, the Company considers the past collection history, future forecasts and macroeconomic factors. Other key factors that influence the CECL analysis include industry-specific factors and certain qualitative adjustments that could impact the Company&#8217;s receivables. This is assessed at each period end based on the Company&#8217;s specific facts and circumstances. There have been no significant impact of changes in the assumptions since adoption. The Group recorded the total allowance for credit losses of US$1,595 and write off the allowance for credit losses of US$304 under ASU 2016-13 Financial instruments &#8211; credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Notes receivable are primarily bank acceptance notes. The Group accepts bank acceptance notes from customers for products sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. Bank acceptance notes are negotiable instruments with cash settlement from commercial banks within 6 months. Upon receipt of the bank acceptance notes, the Group&#8217;s accounts receivable from the customer is derecognized. The bank acceptance notes can also be endorsed to suppliers as settlement of accounts payable. Bank acceptance notes of nil , nil, and US$670 were endorsed to suppliers for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The Group sells bank acceptance notes to financial institutions without recourse in the normal course of business through factoring arrangements. These bank acceptance notes transferred without recourse were US$13,814, US$4,620 and nil for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 respectively, and were derecognized.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Inventories are comprised of finished goods, work in process, raw materials and low value consumables and spare parts. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving and obsolete inventories, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Operating Leases</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group applies ASC 842, Leases and determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are primarily for office and warehouse and are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, net, operating lease liabilities, current and operating lease liabilities, non-current on its consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Group&#8217;s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent obligation to make lease payment arising from the lease. The operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payment over the lease term. As most of the Group&#8217;s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. The Group&#8217;s lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Renewal options are considered within the operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For operating leases with a term of one year or less, the Group has elected not to recognize a lease liability or lease right of use asset on its consolidated balance sheets. Instead, it recognizes the lease payment as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Short-term lease costs are immaterial to its consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The Group has operating lease agreements with insignificant non-lease components and have elected the practical expedient to combine and account for lease and non-lease components as single lease component.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Internal-Use&#160;Software Development Costs</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group recognizes its&#160;internal-use&#160;software development costs related to its IoT cloud platform functions, including related website, software and mobile applications in accordance with ASC&#160;350-50&#160;&#8221;Website development costs&#8221; and ASC&#160;350-40&#160;&#8221;Internal-use&#160;software&#8221;. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation operating activities are expensed as incurred. Cost capitalized for developing IoT cloud platform functions were not material for the periods presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(m)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, Equipment and Software</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">Property, equipment and software are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment loss, if any. Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives, taking into account any estimated residual value:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:95%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">the shorter of their useful lives and the lease terms</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Computers and electronic equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">3 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Office equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">3 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">3 years</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred, whereas the costs of renewals and improvements that extend the useful lives of property, equipment and software are capitalized as additions to the related assets. The Group recognized the gain or loss on the disposal of property, equipment and software in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Construction in progress represents assets under construction. Construction in progress is transferred to property, equipment and software and depreciation or amortization commences when an asset is ready for its intended use.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Long-term Investments</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Long-term investments represent the Group&#8217;s equity security investments, debt security investments and time deposits in the periods presented: i) Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded using a measurement alternative that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes, recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; ii) Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis with changes in fair value, whether realized or unrealized, recorded in financial income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; iii) Debt security investments that have readily determinable fair value, are accounted for as available-for-sale security investments and are recognized based on trade date and carried at estimated fair value with the aggregate unrealized gains and losses related to these investments, net of taxes, reported through other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; iv) Time deposits placed with bank with original maturities longer than one year which are not transferable and accounted for at amortised cost; v) U.S. treasury securities with original maturities of two to three years are accounted for at amortised cost, and interest income is recognized using the effective interest method adjusted periodically based on changes in estimated cash flows.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">An investment in available-for-sale debt security is considered impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. To determine the amount of impairment related to credit, the Group compares the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected on the available-for-sale debt security with the security&#8217;s amortized cost basis. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the security&#8217;s amortized cost basis, a credit-related impairment exists, and the difference should be recorded as an allowance for credit losses through net income.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Impairment of Long-lived Assets</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For other long-lived assets including property, equipment and software and other&#160;non-current&#160;assets, the Group evaluates for impairment whenever events or changes (triggering events) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. The Group assesses the recoverability of the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to receive from use of the assets and their eventual disposition. Such assets are considered to be impaired if the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets. The impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.<span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">&#160;</span>No impairment charges were recognized for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Value Added Taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s subsidiaries and the VIE in the PRC are subject to value-added taxes (&#8220;VAT&#8221;) on its products and services, less any deductible VAT the Group has already paid or borne. They are also subject to surcharges on VAT payments in accordance with PRC law. VAT is not included in the revenue recognized for the Group.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company&#8217;s two subsidiaries, Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd. obtained their software copy certificate in July and December 2020, respectively, and are eligible for the VAT refund-upon-collection policy, which entitles Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd. to receive relevant refunds for the amount of VAT in excess of 3% of its actual tax burden upon completion of relevant the VAT refund filling process. The VAT refund received is recorded in other operating incomes, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. 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The Group determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1)&#160;identify the contract(s)&#160;with a customer, (2)&#160;identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3)&#160;determine the transaction price, (4)&#160;allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5)&#160;recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of the goods or services provided.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Revenue is recorded net of value-added tax.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The Group&#8217;s revenue was disaggregated by its major revenue streams in the&#160;years presented as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">IoT PaaS</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 261,360</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 152,914</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 167,694</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Smart device distribution</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 22,153</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 25,446</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 26,517</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">SaaS and others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 18,563</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 29,812</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 35,779</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 302,076</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 208,172</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 229,990</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">I. Revenue from IoT PaaS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">IoT PaaS combines cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, edge capabilities (embedded in modules), app development, and device optimization solutions. The Company determined there are two distinct performance obligations in the delivery of IoT PaaS products including: (1) IoT PaaS products with edge capabilities, app development and device optimization solutions, and; (2) cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services provided to customers and end consumers. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price for IoT PaaS products is estimated based on the competitor&#8217;s pricing for similar products in the market, adjusted for entity-specific factors. As the standalone selling price of the cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services is not directly observable, it is estimated by the Group by using an expected cost plus a margin approach. Key areas of judgment include the selection of relevant cloud and other costs necessary to satisfy the performance obligation and estimated profit margins. For the delivery of IoT PaaS product, revenue is recognized when IoT PaaS products are accepted by customers, which is the point that control of the product is transferred to the customers. A receivable is recognized when the IoT PaaS products are delivered and accepted by customers as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional. For cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, revenue is deferred and subsequently recognized from the end consumer&#8217;s activation to the end of the estimated IoT PaaS product&#8217;s life cycle on a straight-line basis. Based on the Group&#8217;s historical information, activation occurs, on average, an estimated 6 months after the IoT PaaS products are delivered to customers. The length of life cycle of the IoT PaaS products is estimated based on the historical data in previous years and by referencing the life cycle of different smart devices (e.g. lighting, security and monitoring devices) which ranged from <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_JuBSyZ3KbEqEBKPY6fKJjQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">1.5</span></span> to 2 years.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Return allowances for IoT PaaS products are estimated based on historical experiences and accounted for as reduction of net revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group provides sales rebates to its customers from time to time, which is accounted for as reduction of net revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group started a membership program (the &#8220;2019 Membership Program&#8221;) in the fourth quarter of 2019. In the 2019 Membership Program, customers pay a fixed fee in exchange for IoT PaaS discount, VIP technical support, valued added services (&#8220;VAS&#8221; i.e., customized app development), and free participation in promotional activities. The promise to provide for technical support related services, the promotion related services and VAS are considered immaterial promises in the contract and are not considered distinct performance obligations. The membership fee is refundable if the volume requirements are met when the membership period ends. The Group historically generally refunds the membership fees even if the volume requirements are not met. Therefore, the Group does not expect being able to keep any of the membership fees and such fees are recorded as a refund liability under the 2019 Membership Program.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group launched a new membership program (the &#8220;2020 Membership Program&#8221;) in the fourth quarter of 2020 and no longer offered 2019 Membership Program ever since. In the 2020 Membership Program, customers pay a non-refundable fixed fee in exchange for member-exclusive IoT PaaS discounts within the membership period of typically 12 months. The Group records the upfront fixed membership fee as a deferred revenue and recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis typically over the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_MzXIh0HTNk2O6JqB5QeNGw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span>-month membership period in which customers entitle to the membership.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group replaced 2019 Membership Program and 2020 Membership program with a new membership program (&#8220;2023 Membership Program&#8221;) in the first quarter of 2023. In the 2023 Membership Program, the customers are offered to choose either i) pay an upfront fixed fee in exchange for price discount in future purchases (the &#8220;Deposit scheme&#8221;), or ii) enjoy sales rebates based upon purchase achieved without paying any upfront fees (the &#8220;Rebate scheme&#8221;) with the membership period of typically 12 months. Under Deposit scheme, the upfront fee are refundable only if the volume requirements are met when the membership period ends. Considering past experience and current forecast, the Group does not expect being able to keep any of the membership fees and such fees are recorded as a refund liability. Under the Rebate schedule, sales rebates are estimated based on the past experience and current forecasts and recognized as the customers make progress towards the purchase threshold. The sales rebates are accounted for as reduction of net sales.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">II. Revenue from smart device distribution</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In certain circumstances, the Group offers select brands, primarily customers who prefer not to deal with multiple OEMs, an option to purchase directly from the Group finished smart devices where IoT PaaS is deployed. After the brands place purchase orders directly with the Group, the Group then sources the appropriate smart devices from OEMs based on the type of devices, hardware specifications and other metrics. The Group determines that there are two distinct performance obligations for its smart device distribution including the (1)&#160;smart devices embedded with IoT PaaS; and (2)&#160;cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services. The transaction price allocation and revenue recognition are the same as the revenue from IoT PaaS.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group presents the revenue generated from its smart device distribution on a gross basis as the Group has control of the smart devices before they are transferred to the brand customers. In making this determination, the Group concludes it meets the principles of control and that it is the primary obligor to the brand customers, are subject to inventory risk and have latitude in establishing prices.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">III. Revenue from SaaS and others</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">SaaS and other revenue mainly include industry SaaS, customized software development and configuration, and other VAS to both business customers and the end consumers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Industry SaaS is a vertical-focused software solution that enables businesses to easily and securely deploy, connect, and manage large numbers of smart devices for which the Group generally charges an annual subscription fee. These services include software authorization and standard SaaS platform maintenances and technical support.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Customized software development and configuration mainly relate to contracts for the specific IT needs of the brands. The contracts generally include fixed milestone payments determined based on expected labor hours to complete the milestone.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">VAS primarily includes complementary services that are provided to brands and OEMs such as app launch,&#160;AI-powered&#160;virtual voice assistants, and data analytics and others. Such arrangements with the customers are short term and the performance obligations are satisfied at one point of time. VAS also include cloud-based services for the end customers such as IoT data storage, push messaging, object detection and digital content.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">There are different kinds of contracts included in the SaaS and others, and each contract may contain multiple elements. The Group identifies the distinct performance obligations and allocates transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on relative estimated standalone selling price. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations are satisfied, which is either over the period of time in which the Group performs these services or at one point of time.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Remaining performance obligations</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The remaining performance obligations primarily relate to the Group&#8217;s provision of i) cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services; ii) membership services; and iii) SaaS and others, and all three of them are included in deferred revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The amounts allocated to the cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated IoT PaaS product&#8217;s life cycle. The Group apportions deferred revenue between current and&#160;non-current&#160;based upon cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services to be provided over the life cycle of smart devices. Deferred revenue relating to the Group&#8217;s cloud services that have an expiration date of less than 12&#160;months are classified as current, otherwise&#160;non-current.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Starting from the fourth quarter of 2020, there are i) upfront fixed membership fee received and recorded as part of the deferred revenue, it is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis typically over the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_k_EJaR-UF0SOd5UMABkcHg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span>-month membership period in which customers are entitled to the membership; and ii) amounts related to providing industry SaaS (included in SaaS and others), in general, the Company charges annual subscription fee, which is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis typically over the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_hOHk7Cb_lEaIsVpdY5kWgw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span>-month service period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations was US$7,215 and US$7,308, respectively, of which US$6,821 and US$6,802 were recorded in current deferred revenue while US$394 and US$506 were recorded in non-current deferred revenue, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s contract liability, including both deferred revenue and advances from customers, is US$34,848 and as US$39,084 of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group applies the practical expedient to omit disclosure of information about the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations and when revenue will be recognized, for contracts which have a duration of one&#160;year or less. The remaining amounts recorded in&#160;non-current&#160;deferred revenue of US$394 and US$506 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, would likely be recognized within 18 to 36 months.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group provides warranty for IoT PaaS and smart device distribution mainly for one&#160;year. The Group accrues a warranty reserve for all IoT PaaS and smart device distribution, which include the Group&#8217;s best estimate of the projected costs to repair or replace items under warranties. These estimates are based on actual claims incurred to date and an estimate of the nature, frequency and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain given the Group&#8217;s history of sales, and changes to the historical or projected warranty experience may cause material changes to the warranty reserve when the Group accumulates more actual data and experience in the future. The warranty reserve expected to be incurred is included within accruals and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(r)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Advances from Customers</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Amounts recorded in the advances from customers account represent cash payments made upfront by the Group&#8217;s customers under each sales contract. These amounts are not yet reclassified to the deferred revenue account because the Group has not started to fulfil any of its performance obligations identified under the contract at the time. The amounts in the advances from customers are reclassified to either revenue or deferred revenue when the Group commences fulfilment of its performance obligation, depending on whether respective revenue is to be recognized at one point of time or over the period of time. If the Group fulfils its performance obligation at one point of time, the related amount in the advances from customers will be reclassified and recognized as revenue; whereas for the performance obligation that the Group starts to provide over the period of time, the amount in the advances from customers will be reclassified to deferred revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(s)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Cost of Revenues</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Cost of revenue consists primarily of purchase price of materials, manufacturing charges from outsourced factories, estimated warranty costs, inventories write-downs, payroll cost of production support personnel and third-party cloud infrastructure expenses that are directly attributable to the sales of products or services rendered. Inbound shipping charges to receive raw materials from suppliers are included in the inventories and recognized as cost of revenues upon sale of products and render of services.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(t)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Research and Development Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Research and development expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for research and development personnel, third-party cloud infrastructure expenses incurred for research and development purposes, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with research and development functions. The Group accounts for internal use software development costs in accordance with guidance on intangible assets and internal use software. See Note 2(l)&#8212; Internal-Use Software Development Costs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(u)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Sales and Marketing Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for sales and marketing personnel, promotion and marketing expenses, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with sales and marketing functions. Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs for the promotion of the Group&#8217;s corporate image and product marketing. The Group expenses all advertising costs as incurred and classifies these costs under sales and marketing expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, advertising and marketing costs totalled US$13,637, US$5,355 and US$4,867, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;General and Administrative Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for corporate personnel, current expected credit loss, general office expenses, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with general and administrative functions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(w)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Government Grants</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Government grants are recognized as other operating incomes, net, or as a reduction of specific costs and expenses for which the grants are intended to compensate. Such amounts are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss upon receipts as all conditions attached to the grants are fulfilled. Government grants included as other operating incomes, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss amounted to US$10,423, US$10,350 and US$10,975 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(x)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Employee Social Security and Welfare Benefits</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Employees of the Group in the PRC are entitled to staff welfare benefits including pension, work-related injury benefits, maternity insurance, medical insurance, unemployment benefit and housing fund plans through a PRC government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to contribute to the plan based on certain&#160;percentages of the employees&#8217; salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The PRC government is responsible for the medical benefits and the pension liability to be paid to these employees and the Group&#8217;s obligations are limited to the amounts contributed and no legal obligation beyond the contributions made. Employee social security and welfare benefits included as expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss amounted to US$42,944, US$44,505 and US$27,296 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(y)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Income Taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Current income taxes are recorded in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdiction. The Group accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Income Tax. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences attributable to differences between carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their respective tax basis, and operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss in the period of change. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that amount of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group considers positive and negative evidence when determining whether a portion or all of its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, its experience with tax attributes expiring unused, and its tax planning strategies. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law and during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. When assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, the Group has considered possible sources of taxable income including (i)&#160;future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (ii)&#160;future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carry-forwards, (iii)&#160;future taxable income arising from implementing tax planning strategies, and (iv)&#160;specific known trend of profits expected to be reflected within the industry.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s tax positions are subject to income tax audits by multiple tax jurisdictions throughout the world. The Group recognizes a tax benefit associated with an uncertain tax position when, in its judgment, it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. For a tax position that meets&#160;the-more-likely-than-not&#160;recognition threshold, the Group initially and subsequently measures the tax benefit as the largest amount that the Group judges to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The Group&#8217;s liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law developments and new or emerging legislation. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in the period in which they are identified. The Group&#8217;s effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and subsequent adjustments as considered appropriate by management. The Group classifies interest and penalties recognized on the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. For the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, there were no uncertain tax position liabilities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(z)&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company grants restricted shares to the Registered Shareholders (also as key member of management), share options and Restricted Share Units (&#8220;RSUs&#8221;) of the Company to eligible employees and non-employees. The Company accounts for these share-based awards in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation-Stock Compensation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Registered Shareholders and employees&#8217; share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses using a straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. For share-based awards granted with only service conditions to its PRC employees, the Group allows accelerated full vesting upon occurrence of a Change in Control (including defined in the Group&#8217;s Equity Incentive Plan), cumulative share-based compensation expenses for the share-based awards should be recorded upon the completion of the Change in Control.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For non-employees&#8217; share-based awards, the Group adopted ASU&#160;2018-07&#160;&#8221;Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting&#8221; for the periods presented. In accordance with ASU&#160;2018-07,&#160;it clarifies that equity-classified non-employee share-based awards are measured at the grant date. The definition of the term grant date is amended to generally state the date at which a grantor and a grantee reach a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. Non-employee share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses using a straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The binomial option-pricing model is used to measure the value of share options. The determination of the fair value is affected by the fair value of the ordinary shares as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility, actual and projected employee and nonemployee share option exercise behaviour, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yield. Binomial option-pricing model incorporates the assumptions about grantees&#8217; future exercise patterns. The fair value of these awards was determined by management with the assistance from an independent valuation firm using management&#8217;s estimates and assumptions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The assumptions used in share-based compensation expense recognition represent management&#8217;s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and application of management judgment. If factors change or different assumptions are used, the share-based compensation expenses could be materially different for any period. Moreover, the estimates of fair value of the awards are not intended to predict actual future events or the value that ultimately will be realized by grantees who receive share-based awards. In accordance with ASU&#160;2016-09,&#160;the Group made an entity-wide accounting policy election to account for forfeitures when they occur.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(aa)&#160;&#160;Treasury stocks </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Treasury stocks are accounted for using the cost method. Under this method, the cost incurred to purchase the shares is recorded in the treasury stocks account on the consolidated balance sheets. When the Company reissues treasury stock at an amount greater or less than it paid to repurchase the shares, the realized gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders&#8217; (deficit)/equity. At retirement and cancellation of the treasury shares, the ordinary shares account is charged only for the aggregate par value of the shares. The excess of the acquisition cost of treasury shares over the aggregate par value is allocated between additional paid-in capital (up to the amount credited to the additional paid-in capital upon original issuance of the shares) and retained earnings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(ab)&#160;&#160;Loss per Share </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period using the&#160;two-class&#160;method. Under the&#160;two-class&#160;method, the net loss is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. Net loss is not allocated to other participating securities if based on their contractual terms they are not obligated to share in the loss.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalents shares outstanding during the&#160;year. Dilutive equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive. Ordinary share equivalents consist of the ordinary shares issuable in connection with the Group&#8217;s ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of the share-based awards, using the treasury stock method.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(ac) Comprehensive Loss</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Comprehensive loss is defined as the changes in equity of the Group during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from shareholders and distributions to shareholders. Comprehensive loss for the periods presented includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(ad)&#160;&#160;Segment Reporting</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise engaging in businesses activities for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Group&#8217;s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Group&#8217;s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated results including revenue, gross profit and operating profit at a consolidated level only. The Group does not distinguish between markets for the purpose of making decisions about resources allocation and performance assessment. As the Group&#8217;s long-lived assets are substantially located in the PRC and substantially all the Group&#8217;s revenue are derived from within the PRC, no geographical segments are presented. Hence, the Group has only one operating segment and one reportable segment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(ae)&#160;&#160;Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group qualifies as an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221;, or EGC, pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act. As an EGC, the Group does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. The Group adopts the following standards based on extended transition period provided to private companies or early adopts as necessary as permitted by the respective standards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">New and Amended Standards Adopted by the Group</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (&#8220;ASU 2016-13&#8221;), which replaces the current incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (&#8220;CECL&#8221;) methodology which changes how entities measure credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. The Company adopted this new accounting standard on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including accounts receivable, notes receivable, certain other receivables recorded in prepayments and other current assets and other non-current assets, and deposits and U.S. treasury securities are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. The cumulative-effect adjustment recorded a net decrease to opening accumulated deficit of US$460 as of January 1, 2023 related to additional allowance for current expected credit losses on doubtful accounts.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For additional information, see accounting policy (i) above.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">New and Amended Standards not yet Adopted by the Group</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands the breadth and frequency of required segment disclosures. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires that all public entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) disclose the year-to-date amount of income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.</p><span></span>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Risks and Concentration<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RisksAndUncertaintiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Risks and Concentration</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Risks and Concentration</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Risks and Concentration</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(a)<span style="font-style:italic;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>Concentration of Credit Risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and notes receivable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group deposits its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments with major financial institutions which the Group believes that no significant credit risk with high credit quality.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group has not experienced any significant recoverability issue with respect to its accounts receivable. The Group assesses the creditworthiness of each customer when providing services and may require the customers to make advance payments or a deposit before the services are rendered.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"> <span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Concentration of Customers and Suppliers</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">There are no customers from whom revenues individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues of the Group in any of the periods presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">Suppliers contributed more than 10% of total purchases are as below:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.8%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year ended December 31, </b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 15</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier B</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for any concentrations existing at the date of the financial statements that make an entity vulnerable to a reasonably possible, near-term, severe impact. This disclosure informs financial statement users about the general nature of the risk associated with the concentration, and may indicate the percentage of concentration risk as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//275/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822808992">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Short-term Investments<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Short-term Investments</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTextBlock', window );">Short-term Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">4.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term Investments</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Time deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 818,885</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 288,758</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Equity securities with readily determinable fair value (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,249</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,265</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Total short-term investments  </span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 821,134</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 291,023</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Starting from July 2021, the Group, from time to time, invested in ordinary shares of a listed company and disposed of portion of the investments. 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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818290544">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accounts Receivable, net<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">5.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Accounts Receivable, net</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts receivable, gross</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 13,955</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (3,367)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total accounts receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 12,172</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,214</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group recorded the allowance for doubtful accounts of US$1,030 and US$288 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The Group recorded the allowance for credit losses of US$1,530 and write off the allowance for credit losses of US$304 under ASU 2016-13 Financial instruments &#8211; credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023.</p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//310-10/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450985150192">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Inventories, net<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Inventories, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Inventories, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">6.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories, net</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Inventories consist of the following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Raw materials</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 44,225</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 30,620</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Work in process</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,237</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,222</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Finished goods</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,183</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,177</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Low value consumables and spare parts</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 153</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 144</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Inventories, gross</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 51,798</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 39,163</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Less: inventory write-downs</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (6,418)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (6,298)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total inventories, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 45,380</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 32,865</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As a result of the net impact of current year provision and sales or uses of inventories with reserve, the inventory write-downs net increased US$1,806 and US$4,067 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, and the inventory write-downs net decreased US$13 for the year ended December 31, 2023.</p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for inventory. Includes, but is not limited to, the basis of stating inventory, the method of determining inventory cost, the classes of inventory, and the nature of the cost elements included in inventory.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//330/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450813936768">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Prepayments and Other Assets, net<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Prepayments and Other Assets, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">7.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Prepayments and Other Assets, net</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The current and&#160;non-current&#160;portions of prepayments and other assets consist of the following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advance to suppliers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,980</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,587</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 284</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,927</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">VAT recoverable (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 810</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,275</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Receivables from third party payment platforms</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 299</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 597</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Rental deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 527</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 532</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepayment for share repurchase (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 315</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 852</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 854</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: allowance for credit losses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (34)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total prepayments and other current assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,752</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,053</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Rental deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,179</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 889</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: allowance for credit losses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (12)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total other non-current assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,179</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 877</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">VAT recoverable represented the balances that the Group can utilize to deduct its VAT liabilities within the next 12 months.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">As of December 31, 2023, prepayment for share repurchase represented the advanced payment by the Group to a bank engaged by the Group for the Share Repurchase Program (Note 14).</span></td></tr></table><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450985150192">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property, Equipment and Software, net<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Property, Equipment and Software, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">8.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, Equipment and Software, net</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Property, equipment and software consist of the following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cost:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,389</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,568</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Computers and electronic equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,513</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,273</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Office equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 229</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 307</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 726</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 834</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Construction in progress</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 59</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total cost</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 11,916</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 11,982</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (8,089)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (9,393)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total property, equipment and software, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,827</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,589</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Depreciation expense was US$3,369, US$3,443 and US$2,449 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//360/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-7<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450814096736">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-term Investment<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Long-term Investment</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsAndOtherNoncurrentAssetsTextBlock', window );">Long-term Investment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">9.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Long-term Investment </b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Time deposit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 186,751</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investments in available-for-sale debt securities (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">U.S. treasury securities (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,140</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investments in equity securities accounted for under alternative measurement</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 488</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investment in an equity security with readily determinable fair values</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 366</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 236</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,031</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 207,489</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(1)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the balance represents the Group&#8217;s shareholding interests of several privately held companies.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In August 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB20,000 thousand (equivalent to US$3,092). In September 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB5,000 thousand (equivalent to US$774). In October 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB75,000 thousand (equivalent to US$11,713).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In December 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with total cash consideration of RMB30,640 thousand (equivalent to US$4,672). Prior to the investment, in September 2021, the Group provided a bridge loan to the privately held investee, with principal amount of RMB15,000 thousand (equivalent to US$2,313), which was due within one year. There was a warrant granted to the Group to purchase shares of the customer with pre-agreed valuation cap. This loan arrangement was entered into separately from regular sales business with the customer. In accordance with the bridge loan agreement, the loan was interest free, and the Group was entitled to rights of investments in the customer within certain pre-defined period prior to the loan due dates. In the fourth quarter of 2021, this bridge loan of RMB15,000 thousand (equivalent to US$2,302) was fully converted into an investment in the customer which also included the Group&#8217;s additional cash consideration of RMB15,640 thousand (equivalent to US$2,459). There was a realized gain of RMB7,860 thousand (equivalent to US$1,218) recorded in financial income, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to the exercise of the warrant.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In November 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of two privately held companies with cash considerations of RMB3,000 thousand (equivalent to US$467) and RMB10,000 thousand (equivalent to US$1,571), respectively. In December 2021, the Group acquired a shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB7,139 thousand (equivalent to US$1,120). In March 2022, the Group acquired a shareholding interest in a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB10,000 thousand (equivalent to US$1,575).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As the Group has the right to request each investee to redeem the Group&#8217;s investments at the Group&#8217;s investment cost plus interest if the investee fails to meet certain predetermined conditions, the redeemable shares of the investees purchased by the Group were classified as an available-for-sale debt investments and were measured at their respective fair values. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the fair value changes of the Group&#8217;s investments in these privately held companies were other comprehensive income of US$357 and other comprehensive loss of US$9,493 and US$7,791, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For two of the aforementioned investment, the Group recorded a credit loss of US$15,537 in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, and transferred out the related investments&#8217; historical fair value change reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income accordingly, for the years ended December 31, 2023, as a result of the Group&#8217;s impairment assessment on this investment as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(2) The Group invested in U.S. treasury securities with original maturities of two to three years in 2023 and accounted for as held-to-maturity treasury securities at amortized cost, for which the allowance for credit losses was immaterial. The carrying amount of U.S. treasury securities approximates their fair value due to the fact that the related effective interest rates approximate rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities.</p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for investments and other noncurrent assets.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821459008">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Operating Leases<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock', window );">Operating Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">10.&#160;&#160;Operating Leases</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company has operating leases primarily for office and operation space. The Company&#8217;s operating lease arrangements have remaining terms of one year to five years with no variable lease costs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Operating lease costs were US$8,231, US$6,626 and US$4,530 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.The components of lease expenses were as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Lease cost:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Amortization of right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 6,981</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,766</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,100</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Interest of lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 749</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 692</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 354</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expenses for short-term lease within 12 months</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 501</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,168</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 76</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total lease cost</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 8,231</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 6,626</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,530</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Supplemental cash flow information related to leases were as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,920</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,554</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,134</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 23,810</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 884</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,727</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases were as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Right-of-use assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,736</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,647</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease liabilities-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,850</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,883</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease liabilities-non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,292</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,904</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total lease liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,142</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,787</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Weighted-average remaining lease term</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Operating leases</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;">2.73 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;">2.12 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Weighted-average discount rate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Operating lease</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;">4.75% per annum</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,200</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,835</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,237</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2025</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,675</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,880</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2026</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 46</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 124</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2027</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total undiscounted lease payments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,760</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,246</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: imputed interest</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (618)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (459)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,142</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,787</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for operating leases of lessee. Includes, but is not limited to, description of operating lease and maturity analysis of operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//842-20/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accruals and Other Liabilities<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock', window );">Accruals and Other Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">11.&#160;&#160;Accruals and Other Liabilities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The current and non-current portions of accruals and other liabilities consist of the following:</p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accruals and other current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Salary and welfare payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,850</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,796</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cloud infrastructure and IT related services fee payables</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,214</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,214</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Payment from depositary bank, current (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,113</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,113</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tax payables</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 787</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,479</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Professional service fee payables</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,036</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,203</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Membership fee to be refunded (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 388</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,857</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deposit payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,436</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,412</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Sales return allowances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,004</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,223</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advertising and promotion fee payables </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,078</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 975</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Product warranty</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 213</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 200</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Payables for share repurchase (3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 716</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Others</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,548</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,335</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Total accruals and other current liabilities</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 33,383</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 32,807</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;">Other non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Payment from depositary bank, non-current (1)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,004</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,891</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Total accruals and other liabilities</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 40,387</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 36,698</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The Company received reimbursement payment of US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$13,053</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> and US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$1,926</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> from a depositary bank in April 2021 and June 2022,respectively. The amount was recorded ratably as other non-operating income over a </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">five-year</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> and </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">46 months</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> arrangement period, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Company recorded US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$1,958</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">, US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$2,904</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> and US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$3,113</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> in other non-operating income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, respectively.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Membership fee to be refunded presents the balances of refundable membership fee collected by the Group from its customers under the 2019 and 2023 Membership Program (Note 2(q)).</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(3)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Payables for share repurchase represents the share repurchase consideration to be settled as of December 31, 2022 by the Group to a bank engaged by the Group for the Share Repurchase Program (Note 14). These payables were fully paid subsequently in January 2023.</span></td></tr></table><span></span>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Deferred Revenue<br></strong></div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock', window );">Deferred Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">12.&#160;&#160;Deferred Revenue</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.45%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred Revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"> -Cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,375</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,122</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"> -Membership (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 672</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"> -SaaS (3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,168</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,186</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,215</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,308</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18.2pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue represents the Group&#8217;s provision of cloud-based connectivity obligation and basic IoT services to customers.</p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Beginning balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,058</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,669</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,375</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Deferral of revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,157</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 872</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 984</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Recognition of deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,546)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2,166)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,237)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Ending balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,669</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,375</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,122</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;min-width:18pt;white-space:nowrap;">(2)</span>Deferred Revenue-Membership</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Deferred Revenue-Membership represents the Group&#8217;s remaining performance obligation performed over the period of time under its 2020 Membership Program (Note&#160;2(q)).</p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Beginning balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,077</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,473</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 672</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Deferral of revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,259</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,442</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 179</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Recognition of deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (6,863)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (5,243)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (851)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Ending balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,473</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 672</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(3)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Deferred Revenue-SaaS</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Deferred Revenue-SaaS mainly represents the Group&#8217;s remaining performance obligation in providing industry SaaS services over the period of time (Note&#160;2(q)).</p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Beginning balances</p></td><td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,168</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Deferral of revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (10,582)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (18,384)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Ending 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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450815192656">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Financial Income, net<br></strong></div></th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">13.&#160;&#160;Financial Income, net</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest income and investment income, net (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,119</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,731</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 45,052</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Realized gain of bridge loan conversion to investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,218</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value change of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,998)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2,056)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 54</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value change of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (53)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (129)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (130)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total financial income, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,286</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,546</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 44,976</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(1)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Interest income and investment income, net included interest income and investment income of US$8,045, US$22,898 and US$49,744, as well as investment gain from forward exchange contracts of US$74, investment loss from forward exchange contracts of US$2,167 and US$4,692, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 610<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//610/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821472592">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Ordinary Shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesTextBlock', window );">Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">14.&#160;&#160;Ordinary Shares</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On August&#160;28, 2014, the Company was incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability with authorized share capital of US$50 divided into 1,000,000,000 shares with par value US$0.00005 each. On August&#160;28, 2014, the Company issued total 200,000,000 shares of ordinary shares with total cash consideration of US$10 to the Registered Shareholders. The Company issued total 21,980,000 ordinary shares for US$0.0797 per share, with cash proceed of RMB9,720&#160; thousand (equivalent to US$1,577) from two investors and US$175 from the other investor (collectively, the &#8220;Angel Investors&#8221;), on August&#160;28, 2014 and December&#160;23, 2014, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company amended the numbers of its ordinary shares authorized as 934,711,640, 921,032,370, 827,969,950, 767,500,110 and 692,500,110 upon the issuance of Series&#160;A, Series&#160;A-1,&#160;Series&#160;B, Series&#160;C and Series&#160;D convertible preferred shares in December&#160;2014, November&#160;2016, August&#160;2017, April&#160;2018 and September&#160;2019, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December&#160;31, 2019 and 2020, the Company had in aggregate of 221,980,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, at a par value of US$0.00005.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December&#160;31, 2019, proceeds of the subscription for ordinary shares of the Company in the amount of US$10 were remained outstanding, and was presented as subscription receivables from ordinary shareholders in equity, a contra-equity balance on the consolidated balance sheets as of December&#160;31, 2019. In 2020, the ordinary shareholders fully paid the US$10 subscription for ordinary shares of the Company, and therefore, as of December 31, 2020, the balance subscription receivables from ordinary shareholders were nil.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In early February 2021, the Company issued total 16,026,282 shares of ordinary shares for US$12.48 per share, with total consideration of approximately US$200 million received from two investors at fair market price, including one holder of its Series D Preferred Shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On March 18, 2021, the Company completed its U.S. IPO of 43,590,000 American Depositary Shares (&#8220;ADSs&#8221;), each representing one Class A ordinary shares of the Company, at the price of US$21.00 per ADS. On April 20, 2021, the Company&#8217;s underwriters exercised their over-allotment option to purchase additional 1,486,479 ADSs. The Company received approximately US$904.7 million of proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts commissions and other offering expense from its U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option arrangement. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Immediately prior to the completion of its U.S. IPO, the Company&#8217;s authorized share capital was amended as US$50 divided into 1,000,000,000 ordinary shares, among which 600,000,000 authorized ordinary shares were reclassified and re-designated as Class A ordinary shares, 200,000,000 authorized ordinary shares were reclassified and re-designated as Class B ordinary shares, and remaining 200,000,000 authorized ordinary shares were reclassified and re-designated as undesignated shares on a one-for-one basis, of such class or classes (however designated) as the board of directors of the Company may determine in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Immediately prior to the completion of its U.S. IPO, a total of 142,400,000 issued and outstanding ordinary shares were converted into Class B ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis. The remaining issued and outstanding ordinary shares and all the Series A, Series A-1, Series B, Series C and Series D Preferred Shares,which were originally classified as Mezzanine Equity, were converted into Class A ordinary shares, in each case on a one-for-one basis immediately prior to the completion of the U.S. IPO (the &#8220;Dual Class Conversion&#8221;). In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to 15 votes. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On September 13, 2021 and October 18, 2021, the Company issued 5,000,000 Class A ordinary shares at par to a depository bank reserved solely for the purpose of implementing the Group&#8217;s Equity Incentive Plan, respectively. The Group accounted for these shares as issued but not outstanding and presented as treasury stocks in the consolidated balance sheets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On December 23, 2021, 27,000,000 Class B ordinary Shares were converted to Class A ordinary Shares on one-for-one basis for Wang Xueji&#8217;s personal investment planning.On December 28, 2021, 36,000,000 Class B ordinary Shares were converted to Class A ordinary Shares on one-for-one basis for Wang Xueji&#8217;s personal investment planning.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On July 4, 2022, the Company completed its Dual Primary Listing in Hong Kong Exchange (&#8220;Dual Primary Listing&#8221;) of 7,300,000 Class A ordinary shares, at the price of US$2.46 per ordinary share.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On November 1, 2022, the Company amended the numbers of its Class A ordinary shares authorized from 600,000,000 to 800,000,000 at par value of US$0.00005 each.The Company further amended that in respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders to one vote for each Class A ordinary share and 10 votes for each Class B ordinary share.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On March 28, 2023 and December 15, 2023, 9,000,000 and 194,700 Class B ordinary shares were converted to Class A ordinary shares on one-for-one basis to reduce the weighted voting rights, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On August 30, 2021, the Company&#8217;s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$200 million of ADSs each representing one Class A ordinary shares during a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_E6c9VaiZxkuYCs7HT9290w;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">twelve - month</span></span> period ended on August 30, 2022. On November 9, 2022, the Company&#8217;s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$50 million of ADSs each representing one Class A ordinary shares. On June 29, 2023, the Company&#8217;s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$50 million of ADSs each representing one Class A ordinary shares (The above mentioned share repurchase programs are collectively referred as the &#8220;Share Repurchase Program&#8221;). The share repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades and/or through other legally permissible means, depending on market conditions and in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased total 18,813,449 ADSs representing 18,813,449 ordinary shares, and total 26,400 ordinary shares under the Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of US$3.17 per ADS and US$1.71 per ordinary share, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the remaining authorized amount under the Share Repurchase Program is US$46 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased total 1,200,794 ADSs representing 1,200,794 ordinary shares under the Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of US$1.70 per ADS. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining authorized amount under the Share Repurchase Program is US$49 million.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On March 28, 2023 and December 15, 2023, 2,753,167 and 1,200,794 treasury stocks were cancelled respectively, to comply with the listing rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s authorized share capital of US$50 was divided into 1,000,000,000 ordinary shares, among which 800,000,000 authorized Class A ordinary shares and 200,000,000 authorized Class B ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022, the Company had in aggregate of 499,146,560 Class A ordinary shares issued and 473,550,229 shares Class A outstanding, at a par value of US$0.00005. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had in aggregate of 79,400,000 Class B ordinary shares issued and <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_37lb0xP8qEiQIiJy-yg6RQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">outstanding</span></span>, at a par value of US$0.00005.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Company had in aggregate of 504,387,299 Class A ordinary shares issued and 487,591,968 shares Class A outstanding, at a par value of US$0.00005. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had in aggregate of 70,205,300 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding, at a par value of US$0.00005.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The activities of the Group&#8217;s Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are summarized as below:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;background:#ffff00;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total&#160;of&#160;Class&#160;A&#160;ordinary</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;and&#160;Class&#160;B&#160;ordinary</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class&#160;A&#160;ordinary&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class&#160;B&#160;ordinary&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$0.00005</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$0.00005</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$0.00005</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 491,846,560</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 79,400,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 571,246,560</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 29</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing at par value</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,300,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,300,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 499,146,560</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 79,400,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 578,546,560</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 29</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cancellation of Treasury</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,953,961)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,953,961)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Conversion of Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,194,700</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,194,700)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">-</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December 31, 2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 504,387,299</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 70,205,300</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 574,592,599</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 29</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450814013376">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Convertible Preferred Shares</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">15.&#160;&#160;Convertible Preferred Shares</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company issued total 65,288,360 shares (with par value of US$0.00005) of Series&#160;A convertible preferred shares (the &#8220;Series&#160;A Preferred Shares&#8221;) for US$0.1378 per share with total cash consideration of US$8,500 from two investors and US$500 from one investor (totally, cash proceed of US$9,000 for Series&#160;A) on December&#160;23, 2014 and March&#160;31, 2015, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company issued total 13,679,270 shares (with par value of US$0.00005) of Series&#160;A-1&#160;convertible preferred shares (the &#8220;Series&#160;A-1&#160;Preferred Shares&#8221;) for US$0.2193 per share from one investor with total cash proceed of US$3,000 on November&#160;11, 2016.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company issued total 87,756,440 shares (with par value of US$0.00005) of Series&#160;B convertible preferred shares (the &#8220;Series&#160;B Preferred Shares&#8221;) for US$0.3305 per share, with total consideration of US$25,000 from three investors and US$4,000 from two investors (totally cash proceed of US$29,000 for Series&#160;B) on August&#160;15, 2017 and September&#160;15, 2017, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company issued total 60,468,490 shares (with par value of US$0.00005) of Series&#160;C convertible preferred shares (the &#8220;Series&#160;C Preferred Shares&#8221;) for US$1.9019 per share, with total cash consideration of US$59,457 from six investors and US$55,550 from three investors (totally cash proceed of US$115,007 for Series&#160;C) on April&#160;16, 2018 and May&#160;2, 2018, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company issued total 52,428,242 shares (with par value of US$0.00005) of Series&#160;D convertible preferred shares (the &#8220;Series&#160;D Preferred Shares&#8221;) for US$3.4317 (the &#8220;Series&#160;D Issue Price&#8221;) per share, with total cash consideration of US$174,918 from three investors and US$5,000 from one investor (totally, cash proceed of US$179,918 for Series&#160;D) on September&#160;16, 2019 and November&#160;1, 2019, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The issuance costs incurred for Series&#160;D Preferred Shares were US$1,938.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The above-mentioned Series&#160;A, Series&#160;A-1,&#160;Series&#160;B, Series&#160;C and Series&#160;D Preferred Shares are collectively referred as the &#8220;Preferred Shares&#8221;. Series&#160;A, Series&#160;A-1,&#160;Series&#160;B, Series&#160;C Preferred Shares are collectively referred as the &#8220;Junior Preferred Shares&#8221;.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On November&#160;1, 2019, the Company repurchased 1,457,003 shares from the holder of Series&#160;A-1&#160;Preferred Shares, who originally held total 13,679,270 shares of the Company, for US$2.5738 per share, with total cash consideration of US$3,750 while the original issuance price for Series&#160;A-1&#160;Preferred Shares was US$0.2193 per share (the &#8220;Series&#160;A-1&#160;Repurchase&#8221;). These repurchased Series&#160;A-1&#160;Preferred Shares were then extinguished.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">All of Preferred Shares were converted into Class A ordinary shares immediately upon the completion of the Company&#8217;s U.S. IPO on March 18, 2021 (Note 14). Prior to their conversion,Preferred Shares were entitled to certain preference with respect to conversion, dividends and liquidation.</p><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821472592">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Share-based Compensation<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock', window );">Share-based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">16.&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In December&#160;2014, the board of directors of the Company adopted the Company&#8217;s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (&#8220;the 2015 Plan&#8221;) and reserved 31,918,690 ordinary shares for issuance under the Plan to grant share-based awards, including restricted shares and share options, to its service providers, defined as the Company&#8217;s global employees, directors and external consultants. In July&#160;2020, the 2015 Plan was modified to allow the Company with the intentions of i) providing for the award of restricted stock units (&#8220;RSUs&#8221;) under the Plan and ii) amending the exercise price of certain outstanding share options held by certain optionees located outside of the U.S. to purchase ordinary shares of the Company (the &#8220;Share Option Repricing&#8221;), and the number of ordinary shares reserved for the 2015 Plan was modified to 60,778,005 (adjusted in accordance with the Share Split). As of December 31, 2020, the Company had not granted any RSUs to anyone yet, neither had the Company entered any repricing agreement with the optionee under the 2015 Plan yet. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had not granted any restricted shares to anyone yet, except that the part of the ordinary shares issued to the Registered Shareholders with restricted conditions from December&#160;2014 to 2018 was considered as shared based compensation, which was recorded as expenses before the periods presented and in the opening balance of accumulated losses of the Group.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Since adoption of the 2015 Plan, the Company granted options to its global employees, director and external consultants. All options granted have a contractual term of ten years from the grant date, and the vest over a period of four years of continuous service, 50% of the shares subject to the option shall vest on the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_fOLSfNlGc0GChVIh88aUQg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">second</span></span> anniversary of the vesting commencement date, and the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_nuICTYNO_0y5rmkMKK-dDg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">remaining</span></span> of the shares subject to the option shall vest in equal annual installments over the following two years thereafter on the same day of the&#160;month as the vesting commencement date (and if there is no corresponding day, on the last day of the&#160;month), subject to the grantee continuing to be a service provider through each such date. The share options granted to PRC employee grantee shall become fully vested under the same service conditions and vesting schedule and, to the extent permissible under applicable law, exercisable upon the occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2015 Plan).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company accounted for the share-based compensation costs on a straight-line bases over the requisite service period for the award based on the fair value on their respectively grant date.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In January 2021, the Company entered into agreements with certain optionees under the 2015 Plan to amend the exercise price of certain outstanding share options held by these optionees located outside of the U.S. to purchase ordinary shares of the Company. As a result of this share option repricing, the Company recorded incremental share-based compensation expense of US$1,646 and US$728 in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, and estimated approximately US$154 million to be amortized over the remaining requisite service period for the optionees till year ended December 31, 2024.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On February 21, 2021, the 2015 Plan was amended to increase the number of ordinary shares available and reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan to 76,778,005 ordinary shares, which was approved by the board of directors of the Company and the shareholders of the Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On February 25, 2021, the board of directors of the Company approved further amendment to the 2015 Plan, which provides that starting on January 1, 2022, on the first day of each fiscal year thereafter, the total number of shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan was increased by an amount equal to the least of (i) 2% of the aggregate number of shares of all classes of ordinary shares of the Company&#8217;s issued and outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) such number of shares as determined by the board of directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company granted 18,035,000, 2,765,000, and nil new share options with four - year requisite service period to its employees and nonemployees for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, 56,274,213 and 51,672,005 options were outstanding under the 2015 plan.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Staring from June 2021, the Company granted RSUs under the 2015 Plan. The Company granted 3,217,000 RSUs, 10,205,500 RSUs and 1,181,000 RSUs with <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_sEEfG47mDUuS4rB3f0zuAg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">three</span></span>-to-<span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_IrIX_Gi4WEOdf4PzLXfBVg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">four</span></span>-year requisite service period to its employees and nonemployees for year ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, 11,638,750 RSUs and 9,323,125 RSUs were outstanding under the 2015 Plan.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Share Options</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth the share options activity for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td 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style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">exercise</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">grant date</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">remaining</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">price&#160;per</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">fair value per</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">contractual</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">intrinsic</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">term</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2020</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 48,740,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.33</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1.05</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7.02</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 591,879</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 18,035,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.24</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 12.55</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (5,403,461)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.14</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.68</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (1,410,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.31</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7.21</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 59,961,539</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.17</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4.40</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 6.95</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 364,287</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,765,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3.27</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (4,502,326)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2.09</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (1,950,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.47</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7.69</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 56,274,213</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.16</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4.42</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 6.04</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 98,287</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (3,770,958)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.31</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3.54</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (831,250)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.36</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7.16</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 51,672,005</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.15</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4.44</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4.95</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 105,285</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the estimated fair value of the underlying stock at each reporting date (December 31, 2021: US$374,760, December 31, 2022: US$107,484, December 31, 2023: US$118,846).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The Group uses the Binominal option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. The assumptions used to value the Company&#8217;s options grants were as follow:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercise price (US Dollar)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">0.2~2.88</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercise multiple</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">2.2~2.8</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">2.2~2.8</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Risk-free interest rate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">1.13%~1.79</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">1.92%~3.22</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected term (in years)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">10</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 10</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_1mCZYEzHp06ksBbxgLYFmw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">N/A</span></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected dividend yield</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected volatility</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">50.40%~55.79</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">55.68%~55.78</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">2.96%~5.83</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">5.83%~7.70</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of options grants (US Dollar)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">6.25~20.91</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">2.24~5.46</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Fair value of share option (US Dollar)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">5.78~20.91</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">2.05~5.27</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For the year ended December 31, 2023, no new share option granted by the Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were US$127,887 and US$65,970 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to share options granted by the Company, which were expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of 1.05 years and 0.56 year, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Restricted Share Units:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The following table sets forth the service-based RSUs activity for the year ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted&#160;average&#160;grant</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">date&#160;fair&#160;value&#160;per&#160;share</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2020</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,217,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8.95</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (167,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11.80</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,050,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8.80</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">10,205,500</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2.58</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Vested</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (346,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6.68</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,270,750)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7.80</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">11,638,750</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3.51</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,181,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1.79</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Vested</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2,276,875)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4.76</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,219,750)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4.34</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,323,125</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2.88</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were US$33,197 and US$20,695 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to RSUs granted by the Company, which were expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of 3.40 years and 2.61 years, respectively. The fair value of the RSUs are measured at market price of the Company at the grant date and are held under employee share scheme until such time as they are vested.</p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450813917232">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">17.&#160;&#160;Income Taxes</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Under the current tax laws of Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to income, corporation or capital gains tax, and no withholding tax is imposed upon the payment of dividends.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">British Virgin Islands</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, entities incorporated in the British Virgin Islands are not subject to tax on their income or capital gains.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Hong Kong</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Under the current Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance, the Group&#8217;s subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to 16.5% Hong Kong profit tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Hong Kong.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">PRC</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">PRC Enterprise Income Tax (&#8220;EIT&#8221;)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On March&#160;16, 2007, the National People&#8217;s Congress of PRC enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law (the &#8220;new CIT Law&#8221;), under which foreign invested enterprises (&#8220;FIEs&#8221;) and domestic companies would be subject to enterprise income tax (&#8220;EIT &#8220;) at a uniform rate of 25%. The new CIT law became effective on January&#160;1, 2008. In accordance with the implementation rules&#160;of EIT Law, a qualified &#8220;High and New Technology Enterprise&#8221; (&#8220;HNTE&#8221;) is eligible for a preferential tax rate of 15%. The HNTE certificate is effective for a period of three&#160;years. An entity could&#160;re-apply&#160;for the HNTE certificate when the prior certificate expires.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The WFOE (Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd.) obtained its HNTE certificate with a valid period of three years in November 2018, and renewed in December 2021 with a valid period of three&#160;years. Therefore, the WFOE is eligible to enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15% from the years ended December 31, 2018 to 2023, to the extent it has taxable income under the EIT Law, and as long as it maintains the HNTE qualification and duly conducts relevant EIT filing procedures with the relevant tax authority.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">PRC Withholding Income Tax on Dividends</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The EIT Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or region but whose &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; is located in the PRC be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of 25% for its global income. The implementing Rules&#160;of the EIT Law merely define the location of the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; as &#8220;the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, properties, etc., of a&#160;non-PRC&#160;company is located.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The EIT Law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a FIE to its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a&#160;non-resident&#160;enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company&#8217;s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August&#160;2006, dividends paid by a FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong can be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% if the immediate holding company in Hong Kong owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE and could be recognized as a Beneficial Owner of the dividend from PRC tax perspective.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company did not record any withholding tax on the retained earnings of its subsidiaries in the PRC as the Group does not have retained earnings for any of the years presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">United States</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company&#8217;s subsidiary in California, United States is subject to U.S. federal corporate tax and California corporate franchise tax on its taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant U.S. tax laws. The applicable U.S. federal corporate tax rate is 21% and the California corporate franchise tax rate is 8.84% or minimum of $0.8, whatever is larger in 2021,2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">On December&#160;22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the &#8220;Tax Act&#8221;). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code including, but not limited to: (1)&#160;reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; (2)&#160;requiring companies to pay a&#160;one-time&#160;transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries; (3)&#160;generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (4)&#160;requiring a current inclusion in U.S. federal taxable income of certain earnings of controlled foreign corporations; (5)&#160;eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (&#8220;AMT&#8221;) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (6)&#160;creating the base erosion anti-abuse tax (&#8220;BEAT&#8221;), a new minimum tax; (7)&#160;creating a new limitation on deductible interest expense; and (8)&#160;changing rules&#160;related to uses and limitations of net operating loss carry-forwards created in tax&#160;years beginning after December&#160;31, 2017. In addition, the California corporate franchise tax remained the same after the enactment of the Tax Act.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company assessed the impact of Tax Act and concluded that it was not material to the Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As the Group incurred income tax expense mainly from PRC tax jurisdictions, the following information is based mainly on PRC income taxes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Composition of income tax expense</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The components of loss before tax are as follow:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Loss before tax</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Loss from PRC entities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (150,478)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (143,951)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (71,249)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">(Loss)/profit from overseas entities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (24,456)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (344)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,183</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total loss before tax</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (174,934)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (144,295)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (57,066)</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Current income tax expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 490</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,880</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,249</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total income tax expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 490</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,880</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,249</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Reconciliation of the differences between statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Reconciliation of the differences between the statutory EIT rate applicable to losses of the consolidated entities and the income tax expenses of the Group:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">PRC Statutory income tax rate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25.0</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25.0</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25.0</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of tax rates in different tax jurisdiction</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2.0)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2.5)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of preferential tax rate for qualified HNTE entities (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2.2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (6.0)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (5.4)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additional deduction for research and development expenditures</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8.5</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17.7</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share-based compensation expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (8.4)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (10.5)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (19.7)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Permanent book-tax differences</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1.4)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1.6</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Change in valuation allowance (2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (26.0)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (16.6)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (22.4)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Effective tax rates</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1.3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (5.7)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The effect of the preferential income tax rate that the WFOE is entitled to enjoy as a qualified HNTE is </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">15%</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Valuation allowance for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are related to the deferred tax assets of certain group entities which reported losses. The Group believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets of these entities will not be utilized. Therefore, valuation allowance has been provided.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The following table sets forth the significant components of the deferred tax assets:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Net accumulated losses-carry forward</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 76,944</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 103,231</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 114,958</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Payroll liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,438</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,915</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,451</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Credit-related impairment of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,421</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Inventory write-downs</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 402</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 691</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 531</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Receivables allowances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 171</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 42</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 279</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other deductible temporary difference</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 88</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 106</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Less: valuation allowance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (82,964)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (106,967)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (119,746)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total deferred tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Group had tax losses carry forwards of approximately US$608,109, which mainly arose from its subsidiaries established in the PRC. These tax losses carry forwards from PRC entities will expire during the period from 2024 to 2033 as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">At December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 227</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2025</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 59,719</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2026</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 106,030</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2027</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 50,463</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2028</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 59,405</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2029</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 68,687</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2030</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 37,607</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2031</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 34,690</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2032</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 98,215</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2033</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 36,502</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total tax losses carry forwards</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 551,545</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Movement of valuation allowance</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Balance at beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 37,405</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 82,964</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 106,967</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Changes of valuation allowance(1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 45,559</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 24,003</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 12,779</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Balance at end of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 82,964</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 106,967</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 119,746</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Valuation allowances have been provided against deferred tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not 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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818270400">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">18.</b>&#160;&#160;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">Basic and diluted loss per share have been calculated in accordance with ASC 260 on computation of earnings (loss) per share for each of the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are calculated as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Basic and diluted net loss per share calculation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Numerator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.&#8217;s ordinary shareholders, basic and diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (175,424)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (146,175)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (60,315)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 489,149,533</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 553,527,529</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 555,466,061</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Basic</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.36)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.26)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.11)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.36)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.26)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.11)</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The following ordinary shares equivalent were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per ordinary share for the periods presented because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share option and RSU-weighted shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 61,989,697</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 65,349,350</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 64,211,569</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for earnings per share.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821195568">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Commitments and Contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">19.&#160;&#160;Commitments and Contingencies</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(a)&#160;Capital and other commitments</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">There are no future minimum capital commitments as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(b)&#160;Operating lease commitment</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group had outstanding commitments on several&#160;non-cancellable&#160;operating lease agreements. Operating lease commitment within one&#160;year or less lease term, for which the Group elected not recognize any lease liability or&#160;right-of-use&#160;asset, therefore not yet reflected in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 were US$33 and US$19, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(c)&#160;Services purchase commitment</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Group&#8217;s services purchase commitments were as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Less&#160;Than&#160;1&#160;year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">1-3&#160;years</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">3-5 years</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Purchase obligations(i)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 15,667</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,042</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,625</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(i)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">Purchase obligations represent US$24,604 and US$15,667 of remaining non-cancellable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, related to one of the Group&#8217;s third-party cloud infrastructure agreements, under which the Group committed to spend an aggregate of at least US$37,500 between June 1, 2021 and May 31, 2026 with minimum purchase commitment. The Group had made payments totalling US$15,774 and US$27,023 under this agreement as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(d)&#160;Contingencies</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">On August 9, 2022, the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors were named as defendants in a putative securities class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging that certain material misstatements and/or omissions were made in the Company&#8217;s March 2021 U.S. IPO registration statement. As of the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements, the case remained in its preliminary stage and the Group was unable to predict the outcome of the case, or reasonably estimate a range of possible loss, if any, given the current status of the case. The Group records a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Group reviews the need for any such liability on a regular basis. The Group has not recorded any material liability in this regard for the above action as of December 31, 2023. Other than as disclosed above, as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group was not involved in any legal or administrative proceedings that the Group believes may have a material adverse impact on the Group&#8217;s business, balance sheets or results of operations and cash flows.</p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816942336">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Party Transactions<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Related Party Transactions</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">20.&#160;&#160;Related Party Transactions</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The related parties with which the Group had transactions during the years presented are as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Name of related party</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Relationship&#160;with&#160;the&#160;Group</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Wang Xueji and other four individuals</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Registered Shareholders</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:55.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tencent Group (including Tencent Mobility Limited and Image Frame <br/> Investment (HK) Limited. After November 1, 2022, Tencent Group <br/>is a related party of the Company)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Principal shareholder of the Group</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The Group entered into the following related party transactions:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:97%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">From&#160;November&#160;1,&#160;2022&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;year&#160;ended&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">to&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Purchase of cloud service from Tencent Group</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.75pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> 262</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.75pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> 1,305</span></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The Group had the following related party balances:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.21%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:58.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Due to Tencent Group </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 306</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821462016">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Subsequent Events<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">21.&#160;&#160;Subsequent Events</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 18pt;">The Group has evaluated subsequent events through the date these consolidated financial statements are issued, with no material events or transactions needing recognition or disclosure found.</p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued or the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Examples include: the sale of a capital stock issue, purchase of a business, settlement of litigation, catastrophic loss, significant foreign exchange rate changes, loans to insiders or affiliates, and transactions not in the ordinary course of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 855<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//855/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 855<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483399/855-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816538288">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets<br></strong></div></th>
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<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">22.&#160;&#160;Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Group&#8217;s entities incorporated in the PRC only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, the Group&#8217;s entities in the PRC are required to annually appropriate 10% of their net&#160;after-tax&#160;income to the statutory general reserve fund prior to payment of any dividends, unless such reserve funds have reached 50% of their respective registered capital. 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New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ASSETS</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current assets:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,685</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 21,393</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Amounts due from subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 318,017</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 287,668</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 596</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 785</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 323,298</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 309,846</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Non-current assets:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Investment in subsidiaries and VIE</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 651,044</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 669,084</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 651,044</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 669,084</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 974,342</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 978,930</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Accruals and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,171</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,474</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Other non-current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,004</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,891</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 12,175</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,365</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Shareholders&#8217; equity:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Class A ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; 800,000,000 and 800,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 499,146,560 and 504,387,299<span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> shares issued as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively;  </span>473,550,229 and 487,591,968 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Class B ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; 200,000,000 and 200,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 79,400,000 and 70,205,300 shares <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Qy-O7aI8hU6xLhi9rBOU8Q;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">issued</span></span> and <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_yeJ02ODVrUWv3w7ZJyyx8w;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">outstanding</span></span> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Treasury stock (US$0.00005 par value; 25,596,331 and 16,795,331 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (86,438)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (53,630)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Additional paid-in capital</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,584,764</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,616,105</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (22,115)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (17,091)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Accumulated deficit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (514,073)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (574,848)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 962,167</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 970,565</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities and shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 974,342</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 978,930</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Statement of Comprehensive Loss</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operation expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (2,927)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (3,013)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (4,212)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Share of loss of subsidiaries and VIE</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (174,455)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (146,417)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (59,372)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total operating expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (177,382)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (149,430)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (63,584)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other non-operating income, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,958</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,904</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,113</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Financial income, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 197</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 238</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Foreign exchange gain/(loss)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 154</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (82)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Loss before income tax expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (175,424)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (146,175)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (60,315)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (175,424)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (146,175)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (60,315)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (175,424)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (146,175)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (60,315)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (175,424)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (146,175)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (60,315)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other comprehensive income/(loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Foreign currency translation</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,482</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (14,942)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (2,722)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Transfer out of fair value changes of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 15,537</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Changes in fair value of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 357</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (9,493)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (7,791)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total comprehensive loss</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (173,585)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (170,610)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (55,291)</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:24.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24.5pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Statement of Cash Flows</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:24.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24.5pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.02%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,255</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,408)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,478)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Advance to, and investment in subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,037,244)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (7,940)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 28,842</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 30,349</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,037,244)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 28,842</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 22,409</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 904,732</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Payment for repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (64,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (48,678)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,339)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,057</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 200,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from exercise of share options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,070</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,039</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,187</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Payments of deferred offering costs </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (38,582)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2,223)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 15,813</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (11,148)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,708</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 15,833</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,685</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 15,833</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,685</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 21,393</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for condensed financial information, including the financial position, cash flows, and the results of operations of the registrant (parent company) as of the same dates or for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements are being presented. Alternatively, the details of this disclosure can be reported by the specific parent company taxonomy elements, indicating the appropriate date and period contexts in an instance document.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-04(Schedule I))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480922/205-10-S99-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822371008">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Basis of Preparation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of Preparation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Principal accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock', window );">Basis of Consolidation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of Consolidation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, and the VIE have been eliminated upon consolidation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">A subsidiary is an entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly: (1)&#160;controls more than one half of the voting power; (2)&#160;has the power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; (3)&#160;casts a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors; or (4)&#160;governs the financial and operating policies of the investee under a statute or agreement among the shareholders or equity holders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company applies the guidance codified in Accounting Standard Codification 810, Consolidations (&#8220;ASC 810&#8221;) on accounting for the VIE, which requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity in which it has a controlling financial interest. A VIE is an entity with one or more of the following characteristics: (a)&#160;the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support; (b)&#160;as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack the ability to make certain decisions, the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns, or (c)&#160;an equity investor has voting rights that are disproportionate to its economic interest and substantially all of the entity&#8217;s activities are on behalf of the investor.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Use of Estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Use of Estimates</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The preparation of the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, long-lived assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Accounting estimates reflected in the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to impairment provision for inventories, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, stand-alone selling prices (SSP) for each distinct performance obligation, the valuation of ordinary shares, share-based compensation, long-term investments, and the determination of allowance for current expected credit losses. Estimates are based on historical experiences and on various assumptions that the Group believes are reasonable under current circumstances. Given the changes in circumstances, facts and experience may cause the Group to revise its estimates, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Translation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Translation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group uses United States dollar as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated in Cayman Islands and Hong Kong is the United States dollar, while the functional currency of the Group&#8217;s other subsidiaries and VIE is their respective local currency as determined based on the criteria of ASC 830,&#160;<i style="font-style:italic;">Foreign Currency Matters</i>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are re-measured into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Financial assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are re-measured at the balance sheet date exchange rate. The resulting exchange differences are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as foreign exchange related gains or loss.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The financial statements of the Group&#8217;s entities using functional currency other than US$ are translated from the functional currency to the reporting currency, US$. Assets and liabilities of the Group&#8217;s subsidiaries incorporated in PRC are translated into US$ at fiscal year-end exchange rates, while income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during each period presented, representing the index rates stipulated by the People&#8217;s Bank of China. Translation adjustments arising from these are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of shareholders&#8217; equity on the consolidated financial statements.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Fair Value Measurements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument&#8217;s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1)&#160;market approach; (2)&#160;income approach and (3)&#160;cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Financial assets and liabilities of the Group mainly consist of cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, equity securities, account receivables, notes receivable, derivative instruments, certain other current assets, U.S. treasury securities, available-for-sale debt securities, account payables and certain accruals and other liabilities. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, except for time deposits, derivative instruments, equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities, the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated their fair values due to their short-term maturity. The Group reports equity securities with readily determinable fair values included in short-term investments at fair value and discloses the fair value of these investments based on level 1 measurement. The Group reports time deposits included in short-term investments, derivative instruments and equity securities with readily determinable fair value included in long-term investments at fair value, and discloses their fair value based on level 2 measurement. The Group reports available-for-sale debt securities at fair value and discloses the fair value of these investments based on level 3 measurement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The following table sets forth the Group&#8217;s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair&#160;value&#160;measurement&#160;at&#160;reporting&#160;date&#160;using</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair&#160;value</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Quoted&#160;Prices&#160;in&#160;Active</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant</b>&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">as&#160;of</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Markets&#160;for&#160;Identical</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant&#160;Other</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Unobservable</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Assets</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Observable&#160;Inputs</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Inputs</b>&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level&#160;1)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level&#160;2)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level&#160;3)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Assets:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 821,134</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,249</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 818,885</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,031</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 366</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 839,165</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,249</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 819,251</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair value measurement at reporting date using</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair value</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Quoted Prices in Active</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> as of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Markets for Identical</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant Other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Unobservable</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Observable Inputs</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Inputs</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level 2)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level 3)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Assets:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 291,023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,265</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 288,758</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,110</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 236</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 301,133</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,265</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 288,994</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The roll forward of major Level 3 investments are as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25,583</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">New addition</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,575</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The change in fair value of the investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,493)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The change in fair value of the investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (7,791)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">Management determined the fair value of these Level 3 investments based on market approach using various unobservable inputs. The determination of the fair value required significant judgement by management with respect to the assumptions and estimates for the lack of marketability discounts, expected volatility and probability in equity allocation. 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Unobservable Inputs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Expected volatility</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">40%-63</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">40%-59</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Probability</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Liquidation scenario:35%-45</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Liquidation scenario:38%-40</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Redemption scenario:35%-45</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Redemption scenario:38%-40</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">IPO scenario:10%-30</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">IPO scenario:20%-25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Cash and cash equivalents include cash in bank and time deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions which have original maturities of three&#160;months or less at the time of purchase and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy', window );">Restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(g)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Restricted Cash</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Restricted cash represents cash that cannot be withdrawn without the permission of third parties. The Group&#8217;s restricted cash is substantially cash balance on deposit required by its business partners and commercial banks. The restricted cash balance as of December 31, 2021 was related to deposits for foreign currency forward contracts, and were subsequently released from the restriction in January 2022.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Short-term Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term Investments</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Short-term investments are comprised of i) time deposits placed with banks with original maturities longer than three months but less than one year, ii) time deposits placed with bank with original maturities longer than one year which are transferable and the Group has intention to sell within one year, iii) structured deposits issued by banks which contains fixed or variable interest with original maturities within one year, and iv) equity securities with readily determinable fair value which the Group has intention and ability to sell within one year. The time deposits are generally not permitted to be redeemed early or are subject to penalties for redemption prior to maturities. These investments are stated at fair value. Changes in the fair value are reflected in financial income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy', window );">Accounts Receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Accounts Receivable, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Accounts receivables are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, &#8220;Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments&#8221; (&#8220;ASC Topic 326&#8221;), which creates an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The Company adopted the accounting standards update using a modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption of the new standard on January 1, 2023, the Company recorded a net decrease to its retained earnings of US$460.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company&#8217;s accounts receivable, notes receivable, certain other receivables recorded in prepayments and other current assets and other non-current assets, and deposits and U.S. treasury securities are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. To estimate the allowance for current expected credit losses (&#8220;CECL&#8221;), the Company has identified the relevant risk characteristics of its customers and the related receivables which include but are not limited to geographic region and industry. Receivables with similar risk characteristics have been grouped into pools. For each pool, the Company considers the past collection history, future forecasts and macroeconomic factors. Other key factors that influence the CECL analysis include industry-specific factors and certain qualitative adjustments that could impact the Company&#8217;s receivables. This is assessed at each period end based on the Company&#8217;s specific facts and circumstances. There have been no significant impact of changes in the assumptions since adoption. The Group recorded the total allowance for credit losses of US$1,595 and write off the allowance for credit losses of US$304 under ASU 2016-13 Financial instruments &#8211; credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Notes receivable are primarily bank acceptance notes. The Group accepts bank acceptance notes from customers for products sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. Bank acceptance notes are negotiable instruments with cash settlement from commercial banks within 6 months. Upon receipt of the bank acceptance notes, the Group&#8217;s accounts receivable from the customer is derecognized. The bank acceptance notes can also be endorsed to suppliers as settlement of accounts payable. Bank acceptance notes of nil , nil, and US$670 were endorsed to suppliers for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The Group sells bank acceptance notes to financial institutions without recourse in the normal course of business through factoring arrangements. These bank acceptance notes transferred without recourse were US$13,814, US$4,620 and nil for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 respectively, and were derecognized.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock', window );">Inventories, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Inventories are comprised of finished goods, work in process, raw materials and low value consumables and spare parts. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving and obsolete inventories, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Operating Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Operating Leases</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group applies ASC 842, Leases and determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are primarily for office and warehouse and are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, net, operating lease liabilities, current and operating lease liabilities, non-current on its consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Group&#8217;s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent obligation to make lease payment arising from the lease. The operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payment over the lease term. As most of the Group&#8217;s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. The Group&#8217;s lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Renewal options are considered within the operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For operating leases with a term of one year or less, the Group has elected not to recognize a lease liability or lease right of use asset on its consolidated balance sheets. Instead, it recognizes the lease payment as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Short-term lease costs are immaterial to its consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The Group has operating lease agreements with insignificant non-lease components and have elected the practical expedient to combine and account for lease and non-lease components as single lease component.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock', window );">Internal-Use Software Development Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Internal-Use&#160;Software Development Costs</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group recognizes its&#160;internal-use&#160;software development costs related to its IoT cloud platform functions, including related website, software and mobile applications in accordance with ASC&#160;350-50&#160;&#8221;Website development costs&#8221; and ASC&#160;350-40&#160;&#8221;Internal-use&#160;software&#8221;. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation operating activities are expensed as incurred. Cost capitalized for developing IoT cloud platform functions were not material for the periods presented.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Property, Equipment and Software</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(m)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, Equipment and Software</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">Property, equipment and software are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment loss, if any. Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives, taking into account any estimated residual value:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:95%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">the shorter of their useful lives and the lease terms</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Computers and electronic equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">3 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Office equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">3 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">3 years</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred, whereas the costs of renewals and improvements that extend the useful lives of property, equipment and software are capitalized as additions to the related assets. The Group recognized the gain or loss on the disposal of property, equipment and software in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Construction in progress represents assets under construction. Construction in progress is transferred to property, equipment and software and depreciation or amortization commences when an asset is ready for its intended use.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Long-term Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Long-term Investments</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Long-term investments represent the Group&#8217;s equity security investments, debt security investments and time deposits in the periods presented: i) Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded using a measurement alternative that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes, recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; ii) Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis with changes in fair value, whether realized or unrealized, recorded in financial income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; iii) Debt security investments that have readily determinable fair value, are accounted for as available-for-sale security investments and are recognized based on trade date and carried at estimated fair value with the aggregate unrealized gains and losses related to these investments, net of taxes, reported through other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; iv) Time deposits placed with bank with original maturities longer than one year which are not transferable and accounted for at amortised cost; v) U.S. treasury securities with original maturities of two to three years are accounted for at amortised cost, and interest income is recognized using the effective interest method adjusted periodically based on changes in estimated cash flows.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">An investment in available-for-sale debt security is considered impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. To determine the amount of impairment related to credit, the Group compares the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected on the available-for-sale debt security with the security&#8217;s amortized cost basis. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the security&#8217;s amortized cost basis, a credit-related impairment exists, and the difference should be recorded as an allowance for credit losses through net income.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Impairment of Long-lived Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Impairment of Long-lived Assets</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For other long-lived assets including property, equipment and software and other&#160;non-current&#160;assets, the Group evaluates for impairment whenever events or changes (triggering events) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. The Group assesses the recoverability of the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to receive from use of the assets and their eventual disposition. Such assets are considered to be impaired if the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets. The impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.<span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">&#160;</span>No impairment charges were recognized for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Value Added Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Value Added Taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s subsidiaries and the VIE in the PRC are subject to value-added taxes (&#8220;VAT&#8221;) on its products and services, less any deductible VAT the Group has already paid or borne. They are also subject to surcharges on VAT payments in accordance with PRC law. VAT is not included in the revenue recognized for the Group.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company&#8217;s two subsidiaries, Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd. obtained their software copy certificate in July and December 2020, respectively, and are eligible for the VAT refund-upon-collection policy, which entitles Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd. to receive relevant refunds for the amount of VAT in excess of 3% of its actual tax burden upon completion of relevant the VAT refund filling process. The VAT refund received is recorded in other operating incomes, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, VAT refunds received by the Company was US$8,919, US$6,211 and US$7,037, respectively.</p><span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock', window );">Revenue Recognition</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Revenue Recognition</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) for all periods presented. According to ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Group determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1)&#160;identify the contract(s)&#160;with a customer, (2)&#160;identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3)&#160;determine the transaction price, (4)&#160;allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5)&#160;recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of the goods or services provided.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Revenue is recorded net of value-added tax.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The Group&#8217;s revenue was disaggregated by its major revenue streams in the&#160;years presented as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">IoT PaaS</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 261,360</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 152,914</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 167,694</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Smart device distribution</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 22,153</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 25,446</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 26,517</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">SaaS and others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 18,563</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 29,812</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 35,779</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 302,076</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 208,172</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 229,990</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">I. Revenue from IoT PaaS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">IoT PaaS combines cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, edge capabilities (embedded in modules), app development, and device optimization solutions. The Company determined there are two distinct performance obligations in the delivery of IoT PaaS products including: (1) IoT PaaS products with edge capabilities, app development and device optimization solutions, and; (2) cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services provided to customers and end consumers. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price for IoT PaaS products is estimated based on the competitor&#8217;s pricing for similar products in the market, adjusted for entity-specific factors. As the standalone selling price of the cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services is not directly observable, it is estimated by the Group by using an expected cost plus a margin approach. Key areas of judgment include the selection of relevant cloud and other costs necessary to satisfy the performance obligation and estimated profit margins. For the delivery of IoT PaaS product, revenue is recognized when IoT PaaS products are accepted by customers, which is the point that control of the product is transferred to the customers. A receivable is recognized when the IoT PaaS products are delivered and accepted by customers as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional. For cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, revenue is deferred and subsequently recognized from the end consumer&#8217;s activation to the end of the estimated IoT PaaS product&#8217;s life cycle on a straight-line basis. Based on the Group&#8217;s historical information, activation occurs, on average, an estimated 6 months after the IoT PaaS products are delivered to customers. The length of life cycle of the IoT PaaS products is estimated based on the historical data in previous years and by referencing the life cycle of different smart devices (e.g. lighting, security and monitoring devices) which ranged from <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_JuBSyZ3KbEqEBKPY6fKJjQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">1.5</span></span> to 2 years.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Return allowances for IoT PaaS products are estimated based on historical experiences and accounted for as reduction of net revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group provides sales rebates to its customers from time to time, which is accounted for as reduction of net revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group started a membership program (the &#8220;2019 Membership Program&#8221;) in the fourth quarter of 2019. In the 2019 Membership Program, customers pay a fixed fee in exchange for IoT PaaS discount, VIP technical support, valued added services (&#8220;VAS&#8221; i.e., customized app development), and free participation in promotional activities. The promise to provide for technical support related services, the promotion related services and VAS are considered immaterial promises in the contract and are not considered distinct performance obligations. The membership fee is refundable if the volume requirements are met when the membership period ends. The Group historically generally refunds the membership fees even if the volume requirements are not met. Therefore, the Group does not expect being able to keep any of the membership fees and such fees are recorded as a refund liability under the 2019 Membership Program.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group launched a new membership program (the &#8220;2020 Membership Program&#8221;) in the fourth quarter of 2020 and no longer offered 2019 Membership Program ever since. In the 2020 Membership Program, customers pay a non-refundable fixed fee in exchange for member-exclusive IoT PaaS discounts within the membership period of typically 12 months. The Group records the upfront fixed membership fee as a deferred revenue and recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis typically over the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_MzXIh0HTNk2O6JqB5QeNGw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span>-month membership period in which customers entitle to the membership.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group replaced 2019 Membership Program and 2020 Membership program with a new membership program (&#8220;2023 Membership Program&#8221;) in the first quarter of 2023. In the 2023 Membership Program, the customers are offered to choose either i) pay an upfront fixed fee in exchange for price discount in future purchases (the &#8220;Deposit scheme&#8221;), or ii) enjoy sales rebates based upon purchase achieved without paying any upfront fees (the &#8220;Rebate scheme&#8221;) with the membership period of typically 12 months. Under Deposit scheme, the upfront fee are refundable only if the volume requirements are met when the membership period ends. Considering past experience and current forecast, the Group does not expect being able to keep any of the membership fees and such fees are recorded as a refund liability. Under the Rebate schedule, sales rebates are estimated based on the past experience and current forecasts and recognized as the customers make progress towards the purchase threshold. The sales rebates are accounted for as reduction of net sales.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">II. Revenue from smart device distribution</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In certain circumstances, the Group offers select brands, primarily customers who prefer not to deal with multiple OEMs, an option to purchase directly from the Group finished smart devices where IoT PaaS is deployed. After the brands place purchase orders directly with the Group, the Group then sources the appropriate smart devices from OEMs based on the type of devices, hardware specifications and other metrics. The Group determines that there are two distinct performance obligations for its smart device distribution including the (1)&#160;smart devices embedded with IoT PaaS; and (2)&#160;cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services. The transaction price allocation and revenue recognition are the same as the revenue from IoT PaaS.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group presents the revenue generated from its smart device distribution on a gross basis as the Group has control of the smart devices before they are transferred to the brand customers. In making this determination, the Group concludes it meets the principles of control and that it is the primary obligor to the brand customers, are subject to inventory risk and have latitude in establishing prices.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">III. Revenue from SaaS and others</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">SaaS and other revenue mainly include industry SaaS, customized software development and configuration, and other VAS to both business customers and the end consumers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Industry SaaS is a vertical-focused software solution that enables businesses to easily and securely deploy, connect, and manage large numbers of smart devices for which the Group generally charges an annual subscription fee. These services include software authorization and standard SaaS platform maintenances and technical support.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Customized software development and configuration mainly relate to contracts for the specific IT needs of the brands. The contracts generally include fixed milestone payments determined based on expected labor hours to complete the milestone.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">VAS primarily includes complementary services that are provided to brands and OEMs such as app launch,&#160;AI-powered&#160;virtual voice assistants, and data analytics and others. Such arrangements with the customers are short term and the performance obligations are satisfied at one point of time. VAS also include cloud-based services for the end customers such as IoT data storage, push messaging, object detection and digital content.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">There are different kinds of contracts included in the SaaS and others, and each contract may contain multiple elements. The Group identifies the distinct performance obligations and allocates transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on relative estimated standalone selling price. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations are satisfied, which is either over the period of time in which the Group performs these services or at one point of time.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Remaining performance obligations</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The remaining performance obligations primarily relate to the Group&#8217;s provision of i) cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services; ii) membership services; and iii) SaaS and others, and all three of them are included in deferred revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The amounts allocated to the cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated IoT PaaS product&#8217;s life cycle. The Group apportions deferred revenue between current and&#160;non-current&#160;based upon cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services to be provided over the life cycle of smart devices. Deferred revenue relating to the Group&#8217;s cloud services that have an expiration date of less than 12&#160;months are classified as current, otherwise&#160;non-current.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Starting from the fourth quarter of 2020, there are i) upfront fixed membership fee received and recorded as part of the deferred revenue, it is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis typically over the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_k_EJaR-UF0SOd5UMABkcHg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span>-month membership period in which customers are entitled to the membership; and ii) amounts related to providing industry SaaS (included in SaaS and others), in general, the Company charges annual subscription fee, which is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis typically over the <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_hOHk7Cb_lEaIsVpdY5kWgw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span>-month service period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations was US$7,215 and US$7,308, respectively, of which US$6,821 and US$6,802 were recorded in current deferred revenue while US$394 and US$506 were recorded in non-current deferred revenue, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s contract liability, including both deferred revenue and advances from customers, is US$34,848 and as US$39,084 of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group applies the practical expedient to omit disclosure of information about the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations and when revenue will be recognized, for contracts which have a duration of one&#160;year or less. The remaining amounts recorded in&#160;non-current&#160;deferred revenue of US$394 and US$506 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, would likely be recognized within 18 to 36 months.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group provides warranty for IoT PaaS and smart device distribution mainly for one&#160;year. The Group accrues a warranty reserve for all IoT PaaS and smart device distribution, which include the Group&#8217;s best estimate of the projected costs to repair or replace items under warranties. These estimates are based on actual claims incurred to date and an estimate of the nature, frequency and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain given the Group&#8217;s history of sales, and changes to the historical or projected warranty experience may cause material changes to the warranty reserve when the Group accumulates more actual data and experience in the future. The warranty reserve expected to be incurred is included within accruals and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AdvanceFromCustomersPolicyTextBlock', window );">Advances from Customers</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(r)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Advances from Customers</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Amounts recorded in the advances from customers account represent cash payments made upfront by the Group&#8217;s customers under each sales contract. These amounts are not yet reclassified to the deferred revenue account because the Group has not started to fulfil any of its performance obligations identified under the contract at the time. The amounts in the advances from customers are reclassified to either revenue or deferred revenue when the Group commences fulfilment of its performance obligation, depending on whether respective revenue is to be recognized at one point of time or over the period of time. If the Group fulfils its performance obligation at one point of time, the related amount in the advances from customers will be reclassified and recognized as revenue; whereas for the performance obligation that the Group starts to provide over the period of time, the amount in the advances from customers will be reclassified to deferred revenue.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cost of Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(s)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Cost of Revenues</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Cost of revenue consists primarily of purchase price of materials, manufacturing charges from outsourced factories, estimated warranty costs, inventories write-downs, payroll cost of production support personnel and third-party cloud infrastructure expenses that are directly attributable to the sales of products or services rendered. Inbound shipping charges to receive raw materials from suppliers are included in the inventories and recognized as cost of revenues upon sale of products and render of services.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy', window );">Research and Development Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(t)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Research and Development Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Research and development expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for research and development personnel, third-party cloud infrastructure expenses incurred for research and development purposes, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with research and development functions. The Group accounts for internal use software development costs in accordance with guidance on intangible assets and internal use software. See Note 2(l)&#8212; Internal-Use Software Development Costs.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_SalesAndMarketingExpensesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Sales and Marketing Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(u)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Sales and Marketing Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for sales and marketing personnel, promotion and marketing expenses, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with sales and marketing functions. Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs for the promotion of the Group&#8217;s corporate image and product marketing. The Group expenses all advertising costs as incurred and classifies these costs under sales and marketing expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, advertising and marketing costs totalled US$13,637, US$5,355 and US$4,867, respectively.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock', window );">General and Administrative Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;General and Administrative Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for corporate personnel, current expected credit loss, general office expenses, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with general and administrative functions.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Government Grants</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(w)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Government Grants</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Government grants are recognized as other operating incomes, net, or as a reduction of specific costs and expenses for which the grants are intended to compensate. Such amounts are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss upon receipts as all conditions attached to the grants are fulfilled. Government grants included as other operating incomes, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss amounted to US$10,423, US$10,350 and US$10,975 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Employee Social Security and Welfare Benefits</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(x)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Employee Social Security and Welfare Benefits</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Employees of the Group in the PRC are entitled to staff welfare benefits including pension, work-related injury benefits, maternity insurance, medical insurance, unemployment benefit and housing fund plans through a PRC government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to contribute to the plan based on certain&#160;percentages of the employees&#8217; salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The PRC government is responsible for the medical benefits and the pension liability to be paid to these employees and the Group&#8217;s obligations are limited to the amounts contributed and no legal obligation beyond the contributions made. Employee social security and welfare benefits included as expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss amounted to US$42,944, US$44,505 and US$27,296 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(y)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Income Taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Current income taxes are recorded in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdiction. The Group accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Income Tax. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences attributable to differences between carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their respective tax basis, and operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss in the period of change. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that amount of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group considers positive and negative evidence when determining whether a portion or all of its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, its experience with tax attributes expiring unused, and its tax planning strategies. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law and during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. When assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, the Group has considered possible sources of taxable income including (i)&#160;future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (ii)&#160;future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carry-forwards, (iii)&#160;future taxable income arising from implementing tax planning strategies, and (iv)&#160;specific known trend of profits expected to be reflected within the industry.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group&#8217;s tax positions are subject to income tax audits by multiple tax jurisdictions throughout the world. The Group recognizes a tax benefit associated with an uncertain tax position when, in its judgment, it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. For a tax position that meets&#160;the-more-likely-than-not&#160;recognition threshold, the Group initially and subsequently measures the tax benefit as the largest amount that the Group judges to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The Group&#8217;s liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law developments and new or emerging legislation. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in the period in which they are identified. The Group&#8217;s effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and subsequent adjustments as considered appropriate by management. The Group classifies interest and penalties recognized on the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. For the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, there were no uncertain tax position liabilities.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy', window );">Share-based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(z)&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Company grants restricted shares to the Registered Shareholders (also as key member of management), share options and Restricted Share Units (&#8220;RSUs&#8221;) of the Company to eligible employees and non-employees. The Company accounts for these share-based awards in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation-Stock Compensation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Registered Shareholders and employees&#8217; share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses using a straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. For share-based awards granted with only service conditions to its PRC employees, the Group allows accelerated full vesting upon occurrence of a Change in Control (including defined in the Group&#8217;s Equity Incentive Plan), cumulative share-based compensation expenses for the share-based awards should be recorded upon the completion of the Change in Control.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For non-employees&#8217; share-based awards, the Group adopted ASU&#160;2018-07&#160;&#8221;Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting&#8221; for the periods presented. In accordance with ASU&#160;2018-07,&#160;it clarifies that equity-classified non-employee share-based awards are measured at the grant date. The definition of the term grant date is amended to generally state the date at which a grantor and a grantee reach a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. Non-employee share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses using a straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The binomial option-pricing model is used to measure the value of share options. The determination of the fair value is affected by the fair value of the ordinary shares as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility, actual and projected employee and nonemployee share option exercise behaviour, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yield. Binomial option-pricing model incorporates the assumptions about grantees&#8217; future exercise patterns. The fair value of these awards was determined by management with the assistance from an independent valuation firm using management&#8217;s estimates and assumptions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The assumptions used in share-based compensation expense recognition represent management&#8217;s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and application of management judgment. If factors change or different assumptions are used, the share-based compensation expenses could be materially different for any period. Moreover, the estimates of fair value of the awards are not intended to predict actual future events or the value that ultimately will be realized by grantees who receive share-based awards. In accordance with ASU&#160;2016-09,&#160;the Group made an entity-wide accounting policy election to account for forfeitures when they occur.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Treasury stocks</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">(aa)&#160;&#160;Treasury stocks </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Treasury stocks are accounted for using the cost method. Under this method, the cost incurred to purchase the shares is recorded in the treasury stocks account on the consolidated balance sheets. When the Company reissues treasury stock at an amount greater or less than it paid to repurchase the shares, the realized gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders&#8217; (deficit)/equity. At retirement and cancellation of the treasury shares, the ordinary shares account is charged only for the aggregate par value of the shares. The excess of the acquisition cost of treasury shares over the aggregate par value is allocated between additional paid-in capital (up to the amount credited to the additional paid-in capital upon original issuance of the shares) and retained earnings.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock', window );">Loss per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(ab)&#160;&#160;Loss per Share </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period using the&#160;two-class&#160;method. Under the&#160;two-class&#160;method, the net loss is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. Net loss is not allocated to other participating securities if based on their contractual terms they are not obligated to share in the loss.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalents shares outstanding during the&#160;year. Dilutive equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive. Ordinary share equivalents consist of the ordinary shares issuable in connection with the Group&#8217;s ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of the share-based awards, using the treasury stock method.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(ac) Comprehensive Loss</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Comprehensive loss is defined as the changes in equity of the Group during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from shareholders and distributions to shareholders. Comprehensive loss for the periods presented includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Segment Reporting</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(ad)&#160;&#160;Segment Reporting</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise engaging in businesses activities for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Group&#8217;s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Group&#8217;s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated results including revenue, gross profit and operating profit at a consolidated level only. The Group does not distinguish between markets for the purpose of making decisions about resources allocation and performance assessment. As the Group&#8217;s long-lived assets are substantially located in the PRC and substantially all the Group&#8217;s revenue are derived from within the PRC, no geographical segments are presented. Hence, the Group has only one operating segment and one reportable segment.</p><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">(ae)&#160;&#160;Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">The Group qualifies as an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221;, or EGC, pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act. As an EGC, the Group does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. The Group adopts the following standards based on extended transition period provided to private companies or early adopts as necessary as permitted by the respective standards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">New and Amended Standards Adopted by the Group</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (&#8220;ASU 2016-13&#8221;), which replaces the current incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (&#8220;CECL&#8221;) methodology which changes how entities measure credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. The Company adopted this new accounting standard on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including accounts receivable, notes receivable, certain other receivables recorded in prepayments and other current assets and other non-current assets, and deposits and U.S. treasury securities are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. The cumulative-effect adjustment recorded a net decrease to opening accumulated deficit of US$460 as of January 1, 2023 related to additional allowance for current expected credit losses on doubtful accounts.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">For additional information, see accounting policy (i) above.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">New and Amended Standards not yet Adopted by the Group</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands the breadth and frequency of required segment disclosures. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires that all public entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) disclose the year-to-date amount of income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.</p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for advance from customers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for employee social security and welfare benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for inclusion of significant items in the general and administrative (or similar) expense report caption.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for government grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-term investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for sales and marketing expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for short-term investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for treasury stocks.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TreasuryStocksPoliciesTextBlock</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for value added taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for basis of accounting, or basis of presentation, used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Entity's cash and cash equivalents accounting policy with respect to restricted balances. Restrictions may include legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against short-term borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or company statements of intention with regard to particular deposits; however, time deposits and short-term certificates of deposit are not generally included in legally restricted deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(1)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for comprehensive income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy regarding (1) the principles it follows in consolidating or combining the separate financial statements, including the principles followed in determining the inclusion or exclusion of subsidiaries or other entities in the consolidated or combined financial statements and (2) its treatment of interests (for example, common stock, a partnership interest or other means of exerting influence) in other entities, for example consolidation or use of the equity or cost methods of accounting. The accounting policy may also address the accounting treatment for intercompany accounts and transactions, noncontrolling interest, and the income statement treatment in consolidation for issuances of stock by a subsidiary.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cost of product sold and service rendered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 705<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//705/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets, liabilities and instruments classified in shareholders' equity. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, how an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net exposure measures the fair value of those assets and liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for (1) transactions denominated in a currency other than the reporting enterprise's functional currency, (2) translating foreign currency financial statements that are incorporated into the financial statements of the reporting enterprise by consolidation, combination, or the equity method of accounting, and (3) remeasurement of the financial statements of a foreign reporting enterprise in a hyperinflationary economy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//830/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for recognizing and measuring the impairment of long-lived assets. An entity also may disclose its accounting policy for long-lived assets to be sold. This policy excludes goodwill and intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.CC)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480091/360-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482338/360-10-05-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(h)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-19<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of inventory accounting policy for inventory classes, including, but not limited to, basis for determining inventory amounts, methods by which amounts are added and removed from inventory classes, loss recognition on impairment of inventories, and situations in which inventories are stated above cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483489/210-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 330<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482105/912-330-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//330/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 270<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482989/270-10-45-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for leasing arrangement entered into by lessee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-6<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for costs it has incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483044/730-10-05-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for its research and development and computer software activities including the accounting treatment for costs incurred for (1) research and development activities, (2) development of computer software for internal use, (3) computer software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed as a separate product or as part of a product or process and (4) in-process research and development acquired in a purchase business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Topic 350<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482610/350-50-25-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Topic 350<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482633/350-40-30-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue from contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-17<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-19<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//606/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for segment reporting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 47<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-47<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, methodology and assumption used in measuring cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(v)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.C.Q3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.1.Q5)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.3.Q2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2.Q6)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//718/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481569/310-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 310<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-11B<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 310<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 310<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450813944880">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and principal activities (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization and principal activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of Company's principal subsidiaries and consolidated VIE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s principal subsidiaries and consolidated VIE are as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">incorporation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">incorporation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">or&#160;indirect ownership</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">activities</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December 31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Business development</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tuyasmart (India) Private Limited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Business development</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tuya Japan Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Business development</p></td></tr><tr><td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Hangzhou, China</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Principal</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Name of VIE</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">incorporation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">incorporation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December 31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">No substantial business</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of principal subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450819066608">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair&#160;value&#160;measurement&#160;at&#160;reporting&#160;date&#160;using</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair&#160;value</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Quoted&#160;Prices&#160;in&#160;Active</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant</b>&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">as&#160;of</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Markets&#160;for&#160;Identical</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant&#160;Other</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Unobservable</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Assets</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Observable&#160;Inputs</b>&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;<b style="font-weight:bold;">Inputs</b>&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level&#160;1)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level&#160;2)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level&#160;3)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Assets:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 821,134</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,249</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 818,885</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,031</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 366</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 839,165</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,249</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 819,251</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair value measurement at reporting date using</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair value</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Quoted Prices in Active</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> as of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Markets for Identical</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Significant Other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Unobservable</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Observable Inputs</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Inputs</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level 1)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level 2)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Level 3)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Assets:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 291,023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,265</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 288,758</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,110</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 236</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 301,133</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,265</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 288,994</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock', window );">Schedule of roll forward of major Level 3 investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25,583</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">New addition</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,575</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The change in fair value of the investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,493)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The change in fair value of the investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (7,791)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisValuationTechniquesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of significant unobservable inputs adopted in the valuation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Unobservable Inputs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Expected volatility</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">40%-63</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">40%-59</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Probability</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Liquidation scenario:35%-45</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Liquidation scenario:38%-40</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Redemption scenario:35%-45</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Redemption scenario:38%-40</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">IPO scenario:10%-30</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">IPO scenario:20%-25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLifeTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of property, plant and equipment estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:95%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">the shorter of their useful lives and the lease terms</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Computers and electronic equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">3 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Office equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">3 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">3 years</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock', window );">Disaggregated major revenue</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 18,563</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 29,812</p></td><td 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New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 229,990</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821459008">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Risks and Concentration (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RisksAndUncertaintiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Risks and Concentration</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock', window );">Summary of customers with greater than 10% of the accounts receivable and suppliers contributed more than 10% of total purchases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.8%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year ended December 31, </b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 15</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier B</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 11</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the nature of a concentration, a benchmark to which it is compared, and the percentage that the risk is to the benchmark.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450813934160">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Short-term Investments (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Short-term Investments</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of short term investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Time deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 818,885</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 288,758</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Equity securities with readily determinable fair value (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,249</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,265</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Total short-term investments  </span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 821,134</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 291,023</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Starting from July 2021, the Group, from time to time, invested in ordinary shares of a listed company and disposed of portion of the investments. 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//320/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 321<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//321/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 325<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//325/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821247408">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accounts Receivable, net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock', window );">Summary of accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts receivable, gross</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 13,955</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 12,581</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Less: allowance for doubtful accounts / allowance for credit losses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (1,783)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (3,367)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total accounts receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 12,172</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,214</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the various types of trade accounts and notes receivable and for each the gross carrying value, allowance, and net carrying value as of the balance sheet date. Presentation is categorized by current, noncurrent and unclassified receivables.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.3,4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450813050096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Inventories, net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Inventories, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of inventories, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Raw materials</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 44,225</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 30,620</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Work in process</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,237</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,222</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Finished goods</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,183</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,177</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Low value consumables and spare parts</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 153</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 144</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Inventories, gross</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 51,798</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 39,163</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Less: inventory write-downs</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (6,418)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (6,298)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total inventories, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 45,380</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 32,865</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of merchandise, goods, commodities, or supplies held for future sale or to be used in manufacturing, servicing or production process.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483489/210-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450815443056">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Prepayments and Other Assets, net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Prepayments and Other Assets, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Summary of current and non-current portions of prepayments and other assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advance to suppliers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,980</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,587</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 284</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,927</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">VAT recoverable (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 810</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,275</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Receivables from third party payment platforms</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 299</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 597</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Rental deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 527</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 532</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepayment for share repurchase (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 315</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 852</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 854</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: allowance for credit losses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (34)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total prepayments and other current assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,752</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,053</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Rental deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,179</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 889</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: allowance for credit losses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (12)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total other non-current assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,179</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 877</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">VAT recoverable represented the balances that the Group can utilize to deduct its VAT liabilities within the next 12 months.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">As of December 31, 2023, prepayment for share repurchase represented the advanced payment by the Group to a bank engaged by the Group for the Share Repurchase Program (Note 14).</span></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450927036144">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property, Equipment and Software, net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock', window );">Summary of property, equipment and software, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cost:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,389</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,568</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Computers and electronic equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,513</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,273</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Office equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 229</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 307</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Software</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 726</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 834</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Construction in progress</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 59</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total cost</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 11,916</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 11,982</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (8,089)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (9,393)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total property, equipment and software, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,827</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,589</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450815536416">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-term Investment (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Long-term Investment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of long-term Investment</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Time deposit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 186,751</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investments in available-for-sale debt securities (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,665</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,874</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">U.S. treasury securities (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,140</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investments in equity securities accounted for under alternative measurement</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 488</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investment in an equity security with readily determinable fair values</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 366</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 236</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,031</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 207,489</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(1)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the balance represents the Group&#8217;s shareholding interests of several privately held companies.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In August 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB20,000 thousand (equivalent to US$3,092). In September 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB5,000 thousand (equivalent to US$774). In October 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB75,000 thousand (equivalent to US$11,713).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In December 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with total cash consideration of RMB30,640 thousand (equivalent to US$4,672). Prior to the investment, in September 2021, the Group provided a bridge loan to the privately held investee, with principal amount of RMB15,000 thousand (equivalent to US$2,313), which was due within one year. There was a warrant granted to the Group to purchase shares of the customer with pre-agreed valuation cap. This loan arrangement was entered into separately from regular sales business with the customer. In accordance with the bridge loan agreement, the loan was interest free, and the Group was entitled to rights of investments in the customer within certain pre-defined period prior to the loan due dates. In the fourth quarter of 2021, this bridge loan of RMB15,000 thousand (equivalent to US$2,302) was fully converted into an investment in the customer which also included the Group&#8217;s additional cash consideration of RMB15,640 thousand (equivalent to US$2,459). There was a realized gain of RMB7,860 thousand (equivalent to US$1,218) recorded in financial income, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to the exercise of the warrant.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">In November 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of two privately held companies with cash considerations of RMB3,000 thousand (equivalent to US$467) and RMB10,000 thousand (equivalent to US$1,571), respectively. In December 2021, the Group acquired a shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB7,139 thousand (equivalent to US$1,120). In March 2022, the Group acquired a shareholding interest in a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB10,000 thousand (equivalent to US$1,575).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">As the Group has the right to request each investee to redeem the Group&#8217;s investments at the Group&#8217;s investment cost plus interest if the investee fails to meet certain predetermined conditions, the redeemable shares of the investees purchased by the Group were classified as an available-for-sale debt investments and were measured at their respective fair values. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the fair value changes of the Group&#8217;s investments in these privately held companies were other comprehensive income of US$357 and other comprehensive loss of US$9,493 and US$7,791, respectively.</p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of long-term investment.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816806176">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Operating Leases (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of components of lease expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Lease cost:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Amortization of right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 6,981</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,766</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,100</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Interest of lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 749</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 692</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 354</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expenses for short-term lease within 12 months</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 501</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,168</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 76</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total lease cost</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 8,231</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 6,626</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,530</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of supplemental cash flow information related to leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,920</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,554</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,134</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 23,810</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 884</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,727</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalConsolidatedBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Right-of-use assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,736</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,647</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease liabilities-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,850</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,883</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease liabilities-non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,292</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,904</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total lease liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,142</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,787</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Weighted-average remaining lease term</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Operating leases</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;">2.73 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;">2.12 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Weighted-average discount rate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Operating lease</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;">4.75% per annum</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;">4.75% per annum</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of maturities of lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,200</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,835</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,237</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2025</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,675</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,880</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2026</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 46</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 124</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">2027</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total undiscounted lease payments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,760</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,246</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: imputed interest</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (618)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (459)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,142</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,787</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The tabular disclosure of supplemental cash flow information related to leases.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of lessee's lease cost. Includes, but is not limited to, interest expense for finance lease, amortization of right-of-use asset for finance lease, operating lease cost, short-term lease cost, variable lease cost and sublease income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of undiscounted cash flows of lessee's operating lease liability. Includes, but is not limited to, reconciliation of undiscounted cash flows to operating lease liability recognized in statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accruals and Other Liabilities (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of current and non-current portions of accruals and other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accruals and other current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Salary and welfare payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,850</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,796</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cloud infrastructure and IT related services fee payables</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,214</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,214</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Payment from depositary bank, current (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,113</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,113</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tax payables</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 787</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,479</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Professional service fee payables</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,036</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,203</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Membership fee to be refunded (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 388</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,857</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deposit payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,436</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,412</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Sales return allowances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,004</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,223</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advertising and promotion fee payables </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,078</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 975</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Product warranty</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 213</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 200</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Payables for share repurchase (3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 716</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Others</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,548</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,335</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Total accruals and other current liabilities</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 33,383</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 32,807</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;">Other non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Payment from depositary bank, non-current (1)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,004</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,891</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Total accruals and other liabilities</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 40,387</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 36,698</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The Company received reimbursement payment of US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$13,053</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> and US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$1,926</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> from a depositary bank in April 2021 and June 2022,respectively. The amount was recorded ratably as other non-operating income over a </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">five-year</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> and </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">46 months</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> arrangement period, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Company recorded US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$1,958</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">, US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$2,904</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> and US</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">$3,113</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> in other non-operating income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, respectively.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Membership fee to be refunded presents the balances of refundable membership fee collected by the Group from its customers under the 2019 and 2023 Membership Program (Note 2(q)).</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(3)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Payables for share repurchase represents the share repurchase consideration to be settled as of December 31, 2022 by the Group to a bank engaged by the Group for the Share Repurchase Program (Note 14). These payables were fully paid subsequently in January 2023.</span></td></tr></table><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450912255696">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Deferred Revenue (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred Revenue.</strong></a></td>
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<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.45%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred Revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"> -Cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,375</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,122</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"> -Membership (2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 672</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"> -SaaS (3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,168</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,186</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,215</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,308</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18.2pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue represents the Group&#8217;s provision of cloud-based connectivity obligation and basic IoT services to customers.</p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Beginning balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,058</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,669</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,375</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Deferral of revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,157</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 872</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 984</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Recognition of deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,546)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2,166)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,237)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Ending balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,669</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,375</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,122</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;min-width:18pt;white-space:nowrap;">(2)</span>Deferred Revenue-Membership</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Deferred Revenue-Membership represents the Group&#8217;s remaining performance obligation performed over the period of time under its 2020 Membership Program (Note&#160;2(q)).</p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Beginning balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,077</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,473</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 672</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Deferral of revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,259</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,442</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 179</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Recognition of deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (6,863)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (5,243)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (851)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Ending balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,473</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 672</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(3)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Deferred Revenue-SaaS</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;">Deferred Revenue-SaaS mainly represents the Group&#8217;s remaining performance obligation in providing industry SaaS services over the period of time (Note&#160;2(q)).</p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Beginning balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,040</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,971</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,168</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Deferral of revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,455</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,779</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 19,402</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Recognition of deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,524)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (10,582)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (18,384)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Ending balances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,971</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,168</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,186</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822842864">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Financial Income, net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeAbstract', window );"><strong>Financial Income, net.</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of financial income, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest income and investment income, net (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,119</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,731</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 45,052</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Realized gain of bridge loan conversion to investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,218</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value change of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,998)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2,056)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 54</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Fair value change of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (53)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (129)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (130)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total financial income, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,286</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,546</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 44,976</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">(1)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Interest income and investment income, net included interest income and investment income of US$8,045, US$22,898 and US$49,744, as well as investment gain from forward exchange contracts of US$74, investment loss from forward exchange contracts of US$2,167 and US$4,692, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450815396176">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Ordinary Shares (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;background:#ffff00;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total&#160;of&#160;Class&#160;A&#160;ordinary</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;and&#160;Class&#160;B&#160;ordinary</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class&#160;A&#160;ordinary&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class&#160;B&#160;ordinary&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$0.00005</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$0.00005</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">$0.00005</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;par&#160;value)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares&#160;issued</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 491,846,560</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 79,400,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 571,246,560</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 29</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing at par value</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,300,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,300,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 499,146,560</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 79,400,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 578,546,560</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 29</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cancellation of Treasury</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,953,961)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,953,961)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Conversion of Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,194,700</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,194,700)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">-</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December 31, 2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 504,387,299</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 70,205,300</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 574,592,599</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 29</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockNumberOfSharesParValueAndOtherDisclosuresAbstract">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockNumberOfSharesParValueAndOtherDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of an entity's stock, including par or stated value per share, number and dollar amount of share subscriptions, shares authorized, shares issued, shares outstanding, number and dollar amount of shares held in an employee trust, dividend per share, total dividends, share conversion features, par value plus additional paid in capital, the value of treasury stock and other information necessary to a fair presentation, and EPS information. Stock by class includes common, convertible, and preferred stocks which are not redeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer. Includes preferred stock with redemption features that are solely within the control of the issuer and mandatorily redeemable stock if redemption is required to occur only upon liquidation or termination of the reporting entity. If more than one issue is outstanding, state the title of each issue and the corresponding dollar amount; dollar amount of any shares subscribed but unissued and the deduction of subscriptions receivable there from; number of shares authorized, issued, and outstanding.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816620672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Share-based Compensation (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of share options activity</a></td>
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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">exercise</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">grant date</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">remaining</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">price&#160;per</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">fair value per</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">contractual</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">intrinsic</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">term</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2020</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 48,740,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.33</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1.05</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7.02</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 591,879</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 18,035,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.24</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 12.55</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (5,403,461)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.14</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.68</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (1,410,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.31</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7.21</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 59,961,539</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.17</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4.40</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 6.95</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 364,287</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,765,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3.27</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (4,502,326)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2.09</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (1,950,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.47</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7.69</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 56,274,213</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.16</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4.42</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 6.04</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 98,287</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (3,770,958)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.31</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3.54</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (831,250)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.36</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7.16</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 51,672,005</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.15</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4.44</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4.95</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 105,285</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of assumptions used to value the Company's options grants</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercise price (US Dollar)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">0.2~2.88</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 0.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Exercise multiple</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">2.2~2.8</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">2.2~2.8</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Risk-free interest rate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">1.13%~1.79</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">1.92%~3.22</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected term (in years)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">10</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 10</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_1mCZYEzHp06ksBbxgLYFmw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">N/A</span></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected dividend yield</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected volatility</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">50.40%~55.79</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">55.68%~55.78</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">2.96%~5.83</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">5.83%~7.70</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of options grants (US Dollar)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">6.25~20.91</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">2.24~5.46</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Fair value of share option (US Dollar)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">5.78~20.91</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">2.05~5.27</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock', window );">Summary of service - based RSUs activity</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted&#160;average&#160;grant</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of&#160;shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">date&#160;fair&#160;value&#160;per&#160;share</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2020</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,217,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8.95</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (167,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11.80</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,050,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8.80</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">10,205,500</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2.58</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Vested</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (346,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6.68</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,270,750)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7.80</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">11,638,750</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3.51</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,181,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1.79</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Vested</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2,276,875)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4.76</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,219,750)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4.34</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,323,125</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2.88</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure for stock option plans. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding awards at beginning and end of year, grants, exercises, forfeitures, and weighted-average grant date fair value.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the significant assumptions used during the year to estimate the fair value of stock options, including, but not limited to: (a) expected term of share options and similar instruments, (b) expected volatility of the entity's shares, (c) expected dividends, (d) risk-free rate(s), and (e) discount for post-vesting restrictions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Section 50<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450819094432">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of components of income tax expense</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Loss from PRC entities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (150,478)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (143,951)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (344)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,183</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (144,295)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (57,066)</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Current income tax expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 490</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,880</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,249</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total income tax expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 490</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,880</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,249</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of reconciliation of differences between statutory tax rate and effective tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">PRC Statutory income tax rate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25.0</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25.0</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25.0</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of tax rates in different tax jurisdiction</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2.0)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2.5)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of preferential tax rate for qualified HNTE entities (1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2.2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (6.0)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (5.4)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additional deduction for research and development expenditures</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8.5</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17.7</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share-based compensation expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (8.4)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (10.5)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (19.7)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Permanent book-tax differences</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1.4)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1.6</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Change in valuation allowance (2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (26.0)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (16.6)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (22.4)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Effective tax rates</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1.3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (5.7)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">%&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The effect of the preferential income tax rate that the WFOE is entitled to enjoy as a qualified HNTE is </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">15%</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Valuation allowance for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are related to the deferred tax assets of certain group entities which reported losses. The Group believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets of these entities will not be utilized. Therefore, valuation allowance has been provided.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Net accumulated losses-carry forward</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 76,944</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 103,231</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 114,958</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Payroll liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,438</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,915</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,451</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Credit-related impairment of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,421</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Inventory write-downs</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 402</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 691</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 531</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Receivables allowances</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 171</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 42</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 279</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other deductible temporary difference</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 88</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 106</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Less: valuation allowance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (82,964)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (106,967)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (119,746)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total deferred tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SummaryOfTaxCreditCarryforwardsTextBlock', window );">Summary of tax losses carry forwarded for future years</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">At December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 227</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2025</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 59,719</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2026</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 106,030</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2027</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 50,463</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2028</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 59,405</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2029</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 68,687</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2030</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 37,607</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2031</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 34,690</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2032</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 98,215</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2033</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 36,502</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total tax losses carry forwards</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 551,545</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock', window );">Schedule of movement of valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Balance at beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 37,405</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 82,964</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 106,967</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Changes of valuation allowance(1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 45,559</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 24,003</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 12,779</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Balance at end of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 82,964</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 106,967</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 119,746</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Valuation allowances have been provided against deferred tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. In making such determination, the Group evaluates a variety of factors including the Group&#8217;s entities&#8217; operating history, accumulated deficit, existence of taxable temporary differences and reversal periods. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, full valuation allowances on deferred tax assets were provided because it was more likely than not that the Group will not be able to utilize tax loss carry forwards and other temporary tax difference generated by its unprofitable subsidiaries and the VIE.</span></td></tr></table><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-3<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to net realizable value, including identification of the deferred tax asset more likely than not will not be fully realized and the corresponding amount of the valuation allowance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450813934160">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Basic and diluted net loss per share calculation</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Numerator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.&#8217;s ordinary shareholders, basic and diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (175,424)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (146,175)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (60,315)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 489,149,533</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 553,527,529</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 555,466,061</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Basic</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.36)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.26)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.11)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.36)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.26)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.11)</p></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">Summary of antidilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per ordinary share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share option and RSU-weighted shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 61,989,697</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 65,349,350</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 64,211,569</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would increase EPS amounts or decrease loss per share amounts for the period presented, by antidilutive securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of an entity's basic and diluted earnings per share calculations, including a reconciliation of numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per-share computations for income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450814123728">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentExcludingLongtermCommitmentTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of group's services purchase commitments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Group&#8217;s services purchase commitments were as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Less&#160;Than&#160;1&#160;year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">1-3&#160;years</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">3-5 years</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Purchase obligations(i)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 15,667</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,042</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,625</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">(i)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;">Purchase obligations represent US$24,604 and US$15,667 of remaining non-cancellable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, related to one of the Group&#8217;s third-party cloud infrastructure agreements, under which the Group committed to spend an aggregate of at least US$37,500 between June 1, 2021 and May 31, 2026 with minimum purchase commitment. The Group had made payments totalling US$15,774 and US$27,023 under this agreement as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of arrangements in which the entity has agreed to procure goods or services from one or more suppliers. May include identification of the goods or services to be purchased, identity of the seller, pricing, effects on pricing for failing to reach minimum quantities required to be purchased (such as penalties), cancellation rights, and termination provisions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450814174080">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Party Transactions (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of related parties</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Name of related party</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Relationship&#160;with&#160;the&#160;Group</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Wang Xueji and other four individuals</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Registered Shareholders</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:55.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tencent Group (including Tencent Mobility Limited and Image Frame <br/> Investment (HK) Limited. After November 1, 2022, Tencent Group <br/>is a related party of the Company)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Principal shareholder of the Group</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:97%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">From&#160;November&#160;1,&#160;2022&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;year&#160;ended&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">to&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">Purchase of cloud service from Tencent Group</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.75pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> 262</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.75pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> 1,305</span></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">The Group had the following related party balances:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><div style="padding-left:18pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.21%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:58.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Due to Tencent Group </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 306</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepaid service fee to Tencent Group</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 97</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include, but are not limited to, transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners and (d) affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821240608">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of balance sheet</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ASSETS</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current assets:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,685</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 21,393</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Amounts due from subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 318,017</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 287,668</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 596</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 785</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 323,298</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 309,846</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Non-current assets:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Investment in subsidiaries and VIE</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 651,044</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 669,084</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 651,044</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 669,084</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 974,342</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 978,930</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Accruals and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,171</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,474</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Other non-current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,004</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,891</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 12,175</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,365</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Shareholders&#8217; equity:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Class A ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; 800,000,000 and 800,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 499,146,560 and 504,387,299<span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> shares issued as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively;  </span>473,550,229 and 487,591,968 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Class B ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; 200,000,000 and 200,000,000 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4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Treasury stock (US$0.00005 par value; 25,596,331 and 16,795,331 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (86,438)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (53,630)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Additional paid-in capital</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,584,764</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,616,105</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (22,115)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (17,091)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Accumulated deficit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (514,073)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (574,848)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 962,167</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 970,565</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities and shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 974,342</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 978,930</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of statement of comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operation expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (2,927)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (3,013)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (4,212)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Share of loss of subsidiaries and VIE</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (174,455)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (146,417)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (59,372)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total operating expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (177,382)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (149,430)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (63,584)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other non-operating income, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,958</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,904</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,113</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Financial income, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 197</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 238</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Foreign exchange gain/(loss)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 154</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (82)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Loss before income tax expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (175,424)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (146,175)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (60,315)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (175,424)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (146,175)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (60,315)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (175,424)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (146,175)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (60,315)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (175,424)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (146,175)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (60,315)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other comprehensive income/(loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Foreign currency translation</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,482</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (14,942)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (2,722)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Transfer out of fair value changes of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 15,537</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Changes in fair value of long-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 357</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (9,493)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (7,791)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total comprehensive loss</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (173,585)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (170,610)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (55,291)</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of statement of cash flows</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:24.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24.5pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.02%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,255</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,408)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,478)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Advance to, and investment in subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,037,244)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (7,940)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 28,842</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 30,349</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,037,244)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 28,842</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 22,409</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 904,732</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Payment for repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (64,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (48,678)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,339)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,057</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 200,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Proceeds from exercise of share options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,070</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,039</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,187</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Payments of deferred offering costs </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (71)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash generated from/(used in) financing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,041,802</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (38,582)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (2,223)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 15,813</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (11,148)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,708</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;">Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 15,833</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,685</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 15,833</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,685</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 21,393</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and principal activities - Company principal subsidiaries and consolidated VIE (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaHkLimitedMember', window );">Tuya (HK) Limited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect ownership</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
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<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_HangzhouTuyaInformationTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member', window );">Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd.</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect ownership</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
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<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaSmartInc.Member', window );">Tuya Smart Inc.</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect ownership</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaGlobalInc.Member', window );">Tuya Global Inc.</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect ownership</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyasmartIndiaPrivateLimitedMember', window );">Tuya smart (India) Private Limited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect ownership</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyasmartColombiaS.a.sMember', window );">Tuya smart (Colombia) S.A.S</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect ownership</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect ownership</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaJapanCo.Ltd.Member', window );">Tuya Japan Co., Ltd.</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect ownership</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_ZhejiangTuyaSmartElectronicsCo.Ltd.Member', window );">Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd.</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect ownership</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_HangzhouTuyaTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member', window );">Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd.</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityOwnershipPercentage', window );">Economic interest held</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
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<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The parent entity's interest in net assets of the subsidiary, expressed as a percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent</td>
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<td>instant</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 860<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481420/860-30-50-1A<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 860<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481420/860-30-50-1A<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 860<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481420/860-30-50-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the Variable Interest Entity's (VIE) voting interest owned by (or beneficial interest in) the reporting entity (directly or indirectly).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5A<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-5A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityOwnershipPercentage</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaHkLimitedMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaHkLimitedMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_HangzhouTuyaInformationTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_HangzhouTuyaInformationTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaSmartInc.Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaGlobalInc.Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaGlobalInc.Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyasmartIndiaPrivateLimitedMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyasmartIndiaPrivateLimitedMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyasmartColombiaS.a.sMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaGmbhMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaGmbhMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaJapanCo.Ltd.Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_TuyaJapanCo.Ltd.Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_ZhejiangTuyaSmartElectronicsCo.Ltd.Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_ZhejiangTuyaSmartElectronicsCo.Ltd.Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_HangzhouTuyaTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=tuya_HangzhouTuyaTechnologyCo.Ltd.Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822354352">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Schedule of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (Details)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 17,665<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 25,583<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetPurchases', window );">New addition</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,575<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">The change in fair value of the investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,791)<span></span>
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<td class="num">(9,493)<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue', window );">Fair value of Level 3 investments as ending balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,874<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,665<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 301,133<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 839,165<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Expected volatility | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput', window );">Unobservable Inputs</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.40<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.40<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Expected volatility | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput', window );">Unobservable Inputs</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.59<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.63<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Probability - Liquidation scenario | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput', window );">Unobservable Inputs</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.38<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.35<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Probability - Liquidation scenario | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput', window );">Unobservable Inputs</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.40<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.45<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Probability - Redemption scenario | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput', window );">Unobservable Inputs</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.38<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.35<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Probability - Redemption scenario | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput', window );">Unobservable Inputs</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.40<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.45<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Probability - IPO scenario | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput', window );">Unobservable Inputs</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Probability - IPO scenario | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput', window );">Unobservable Inputs</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.30<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 291,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 821,134<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,110<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,031<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Level 1</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,265<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,249<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Level 1 | Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,265<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,249<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Level 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">288,994<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">819,251<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Level 2 | Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">288,758<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">818,885<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Level 2 | Long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">236<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">366<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Level 3</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,874<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,665<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Recurring basis | Level 3 | Long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,874<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,665<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of input used to measure investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleMeasurementInput</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:decimalItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetPurchases">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of purchases of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetPurchases</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 820<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax and reclassification adjustment, of gain (loss) in value of unsold investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), attributable to parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-19<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-20<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis=us-gaap_MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis=us-gaap_MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis=tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis=tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityLiquidationScenarioMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis=tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis=tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityRedemptionScenarioMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis=tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MeasurementInputTypeAxis=tuya_MeasurementInputProbabilityIpoScenarioMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=tuya_LongTermInvestmentsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822368256">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Accounts Receivable, net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 01, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Net decrease in retained earnings</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (574,848)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (514,073)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal', window );">Total allowance for credit losses</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,595<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,030<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs', window );">Allowance for credit losses, write off</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 304<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod', window );">Cash settlement from commercial banks period</a></td>
<td class="text">6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed', window );">Bank acceptance notes, endorsed</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 670<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse', window );">Bank acceptance notes, transferred without recourse</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,620<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,814<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member', window );">Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 | Adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Net decrease in retained earnings</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 460<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of credit loss expense (reversal of expense) for accounts and financing receivable</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AccountsAndFinancingReceivableCreditLossExpenseReversal</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of bank acceptance notes endorsed to suppliers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesEndorsed</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of bank acceptance notes transferred without recourse.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_BankAcceptanceNotesTransferredWithoutRecourse</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash settlement from commercial banks period of bank acceptance notes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_CashSettlementFromCommercialBanksPeriod</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of direct write-downs of accounts receivable charged against the allowance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated undistributed earnings (deficit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-11<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis=srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAdjustmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822945760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Property, Equipment and Software (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember', window );">Computers and electronic equipment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, equipment and software useful life</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office equipment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, equipment and software useful life</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember', window );">Software</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, equipment and software useful life</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of long lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Examples include, but not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822715920">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Impairment of Long-lived Assets (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse', window );">Impairment charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of write-downs for impairments recognized during the period for long lived assets held for use (including those held for disposal by means other than sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482130/360-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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</html>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818270992">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Value Added Taxes (Details)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>subsidiary</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries', window );">Number of subsidiaries | subsidiary</a></td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage', window );">Value added tax receivable percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_VatRefundReceived', window );">VAT refund received | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,037<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,211<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,919<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of subsidiaries.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_NumberOfSubsidiaries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value added tax receivable as a percentage in excess of its actual tax burden upon completion of relevant VAT refund filling process.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ValueAddedTaxReceivablePercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_VatRefundReceived">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of VAT refund received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_VatRefundReceived</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450823179216">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Total revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 229,990<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 208,172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 302,076<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod', window );">Services expiration period</a></td>
<td class="text">12 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Remaining performance obligations</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,308<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers', window );">Contract liability, including both deferred revenue and the advance from customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 39,084<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,848<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuePracticalExpedientRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Revenue, remaining performance obligation, optional exemption, performance obligation [true false]</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember', window );">Current deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Remaining performance obligations</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,802<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,821<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrentMember', window );">Non-current deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Remaining performance obligations</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 506<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">394<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Remaining performance obligation recognition period</a></td>
<td class="text">36 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Remaining performance obligation recognition period</a></td>
<td class="text">18 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_IotPaasMember', window );">IoT PaaS</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Total revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 167,694<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">152,914<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">261,360<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_IotPaasMember', window );">IoT PaaS | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices', window );">Life cycle of different smart devices</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_IotPaasMember', window );">IoT PaaS | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices', window );">Life cycle of different smart devices</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year 6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_SmartDeviceDistributionMember', window );">Smart device distribution</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Total revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,517<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,446<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,153<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_SaasAndOthersMember', window );">SaaS and others</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Total revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,779<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29,812<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,563<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of contract with customer liability, deferred revenue and advance from customers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferredRevenueAndAdvanceFromCustomers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Life cycle of different smart devices.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_LifeCycleOfDifferentSmartDevices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Services expiration period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ServicesExpirationPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenuePracticalExpedientRemainingPerformanceObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates (true false) whether optional exemption was applied not to disclose amount of transaction price allocated to and explanation of expected timing of revenue recognition for remaining performance obligation, when contract has expected duration of one year or less or right to consideration corresponds directly to performance completed.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenuePracticalExpedientRemainingPerformanceObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligation that has not been recognized as revenue.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period in which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450817909680">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Sales and Marketing Expenses (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 5,355<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 13,637<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total expense recognized in the period for promotion, public relations, and brand or product advertising.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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</html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816860336">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Government Grants (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember', window );">Other operating incomes, net</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_GovernmentGrants', window );">Government grants</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,975<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,350<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,423<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_GovernmentGrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of government grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_GovernmentGrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PrincipalAccountingPoliciesLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>92
<FILENAME>R60.htm
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450926540848">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Employee Social Security and Welfare Benefits (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses', window );">Employee social security and welfare benefits expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,296<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 44,505<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 42,944<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Employee social security and welfare benefits included as expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_EmployeeSocialSecurityAndWelfareBenefitsExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>93
<FILENAME>R61.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816455008">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits', window );">Unrecognized tax benefits</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrecognized tax benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-15A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-10B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>94
<FILENAME>R62.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450814092608">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Segment Reporting (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>segment</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments', window );">Number of operating segments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments', window );">Number of reportable segments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of operating segments. An operating segment is a component of an enterprise: (a) that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same enterprise), (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise's chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and (c) for which discrete financial information is available. An operating segment may engage in business activities for which it has yet to earn revenues, for example, start-up operations may be operating segments before earning revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-18<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of segments reported by the entity. A reportable segment is a component of an entity for which there is an accounting requirement to report separate financial information on that component in the entity's financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-18<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816245984">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Principal Accounting Policies - Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 01, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Net decrease in retained earnings</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (574,848)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (514,073)<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member', window );">Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 | Adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Net decrease in retained earnings</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450913612672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Risks and Concentration - Supplier's concentration (Details) - Total purchases - Supplier concentration risk<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_CostOfGoodsProductLineMember', window );">Supplier A</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems', window );"><strong>Risks and Concentration</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_CostOfGoodsProductLineMember', window );">Supplier B</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems', window );"><strong>Risks and Concentration</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">11.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481027/954-310-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For an entity that discloses a concentration risk in relation to quantitative amount, which serves as the "benchmark" (or denominator) in the equation, this concept represents the concentration percentage derived from the division.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-21<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis=tuya_SupplierBMember</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450815328976">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Short-term Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ShortTermInvestmentsLineItem', window );"><strong>Short-term Investments [Line Item]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TimeDepositAssets', window );">Time deposits</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 288,758<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 818,885<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Equity securities with readily determinable fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,265<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,249<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments', window );">Total short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">291,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">821,134<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Fair value change of short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 54<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,056)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,998)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of time deposit assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482736/825-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(3)(d)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investments including trading securities, available-for-sale securities, held-to-maturity securities, and short-term investments classified as other and current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450817863312">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accounts Receivable, net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounts Receivable, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,581<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,955<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Less: allowance for doubtful accounts / allowance for credit losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,367)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,783)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Total accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs', window );">Allowance for credit losses, write off</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 304<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479344/326-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of direct write-downs of accounts receivable charged against the allowance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
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<FILENAME>R67.htm
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821255136">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Inventories, net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Inventories, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials', window );">Raw materials</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,620<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 44,225<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess', window );">Work in process</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,222<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,237<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods', window );">Finished goods</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,177<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,183<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherInventoriesSpareParts', window );">Low value consumables and spare parts</a></td>
<td class="nump">144<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">153<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryGross', window );">Inventories, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">39,163<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,798<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryAdjustments', window );">Less: inventory write-downs</a></td>
<td class="num">(6,298)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,418)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Total inventories, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">32,865<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown', window );">Change in inventory write-downs</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (13)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,067<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,806<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period change in amount of loss from reductions in inventory due to subsequent measurement adjustments, including, but not limited to, physical deterioration, obsolescence, or changes in price levels.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of inventory reserves for last-in first-out (LIFO) and other inventory valuation methods.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before valuation and LIFO reserves of completed merchandise or goods expected to be sold within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross amount, as of the balance sheet date, of merchandise, goods, commodities, or supplies held for future sale or to be used in manufacturing, servicing or production process.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before valuation and LIFO reserves of raw materials expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before valuation and LIFO reserves of merchandise or goods in the production process expected to be completed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherInventoriesSpareParts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross amount of components of assembled products that can be sold directly or indirectly through sales of assembled products.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherInventoriesSpareParts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450817891296">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Prepayments and Other Assets, net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Prepayments and Other Assets, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Supplies', window );">Advance to suppliers</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,587<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,980<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent', window );">Interest receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,927<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">284<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValueAddedTaxReceivableCurrent', window );">VAT recoverable (1)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,275<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent', window );">Receivables from third party payment platforms</a></td>
<td class="nump">597<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepositsAssetsCurrent', window );">Rental deposits</a></td>
<td class="nump">532<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">527<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase', window );">Prepayment for share repurchase (2)</a></td>
<td class="nump">315<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="nump">854<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">852<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses', window );">Less: allowance for credit losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(34)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Total prepayments and other current assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,053<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,752<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other non-current assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Rental deposits</a></td>
<td class="nump">889<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,179<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses', window );">Less: allowance for credit losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(12)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Total other non-current assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 877<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,179<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit losses for deposit assets current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_DepositsAssetsCurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit losses for deposit assets non current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_DepositsAssetsNoncurrentAllowanceForCreditLosses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount paid for share repurchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PrepaymentForSharesRepurchase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of receivables from third party payment platforms expected to be collected within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ReceivablesFromThirdPartyPaymentPlatformsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepositsAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value of amounts transferred to third parties for security purposes that are expected to be returned or applied towards payment within one year or during the operating cycle, if shorter.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepositsAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value of amounts transferred to third parties for security purposes that are expected to be returned or applied towards payment after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of current interest earned but not received. Also called accrued interest or accrued interest receivable. For classified balance sheets, represents the current amount receivable, that is amounts expected to be collected within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(18))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Supplies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of consideration paid in advance for supplies that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)(7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483032/340-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482955/340-10-05-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Supplies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValueAddedTaxReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of value added taxes due either from customers arising from sales on credit terms, or as previously overpaid to tax authorities. For classified balance sheets, represents the current amount receivable, that is amounts expected to be collected within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValueAddedTaxReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450912434416">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property, Equipment and Software, net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Total cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,982<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,916<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,393)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,089)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Total property, equipment and software, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,589<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,827<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,449<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,443<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,369<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember', window );">Leasehold improvements</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Total cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,568<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,389<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember', window );">Computers and electronic equipment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Total cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,273<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,513<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office equipment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Total cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">307<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember', window );">Software</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Total cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 834<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember', window );">Construction in progress</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Total cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 59<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480842/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember</td>
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821322304">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-term Investment (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Long-term Investment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TimeDepositAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Time deposit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 186,751<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Investments in available-for-sale debt securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,874<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,665<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesHeldToMaturityAmortizedCostAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">U.S. treasury securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,140<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount', window );">Investments in equity securities accounted for under alternative measurement</a></td>
<td class="nump">488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFVNINoncurrent', window );">Investment in an equity security with readily determinable fair values</a></td>
<td class="nump">236<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">366<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Total long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 207,489<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,031<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying amount of time deposit assets as of balance sheet date, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479130/326-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesNoncurrent</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity), classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesHeldToMaturityAmortizedCostAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFVNINoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482736/825-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestmentsAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>103
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818055168">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-term Investment - Additional Information (Details)<br> &#165; in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="12">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 30, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 30, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Oct. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Oct. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-term Investment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant', window );">Realized gain of bridge loan conversion to investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,218<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Changes in fair value of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,791)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (9,493)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">357<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax', window );">Credit loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember', window );">Shareholding interest of a privately held company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-term Investment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt', window );">Shareholding interest acquired, cash consideration</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,575<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,713<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 75,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 774<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 5,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,092<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 20,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember', window );">Shareholding interest of a privately held company | Group acquired shareholding interest of privately held company one</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-term Investment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt', window );">Shareholding interest acquired, cash consideration</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,672<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 30,640<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 467<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember', window );">Shareholding interest of a privately held company | Group acquired shareholding interest of privately held company two</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-term Investment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt', window );">Shareholding interest acquired, cash consideration</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,120<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 7,139<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,571<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember', window );">Shareholding interest of a customer with a bridge loan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-term Investment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt', window );">Shareholding interest acquired, cash consideration</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,459<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 15,640<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant', window );">Realized gain of bridge loan conversion to investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,218<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 7,860<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment', window );">Loan to customer, conversion into investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,302<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 15,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember', window );">Bridge loan to a customer</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-term Investment</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross', window );">Loans and leases receivable, before fees, gross</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,313<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 15,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LoansReceivableTerm', window );">Loans receivable, term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of conversion of customer loan to investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ConversionOfCustomerLoanToInvestment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_LoansReceivableTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of loans receivable, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_LoansReceivableTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_LongTermInvestmentsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized gain due to the exercise of the warrant.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allowance and fees, of loans and leases receivable. Excludes loans and leases covered under loss sharing agreements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableBeforeFeesGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized loss realized upon the write-down of available-for-sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-15<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-17A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax and before adjustment, of unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow to acquire investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyOneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=tuya_GroupAcquiredShareholdingInterestOfPrivatelyHeldCompanyTwoMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=tuya_ShareholdingInterestOfCustomerWithBridgeLoanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=tuya_BridgeLoanReceivableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>104
<FILENAME>R72.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450912245552">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost', window );">Variable lease costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCost', window );">Operating lease costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,626<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,231<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm', window );">Remaining terms</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm', window );">Remaining terms</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lease cost recognized by lessee for lease contract.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Remaining lease term of operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of variable lease cost, excluded from lease liability, recognized when obligation for payment is incurred for finance and operating leases.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>105
<FILENAME>R73.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450819149472">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Operating Leases - Components of lease expenses (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCostAbstract', window );"><strong>Lease cost:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense', window );">Amortization of right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,766<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,981<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLeaseInterestExpense', window );">Interest of lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">354<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">692<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">749<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost', window );">Expenses for short-term lease within 12 months</a></td>
<td class="nump">76<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,168<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">501<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCost', window );">Total lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,626<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,231<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_OperatingLeaseInterestExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the interest of lease liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_OperatingLeaseInterestExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lease cost recognized by lessee for lease contract.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeaseCostAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseCostAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of periodic reduction over lease term of carrying amount of right-of-use asset from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of short-term lease cost, excluding expense for lease with term of one month or less.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816135840">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Operating Leases - Supplemental cash flow information (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments', window );">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,134<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,554<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,920<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,727<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 884<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow from operating lease, excluding payments to bring another asset to condition and location necessary for its intended use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>107
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818349024">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Operating Leases - Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,647<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,736<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,883<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,850<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities-non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,904<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,292<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Total lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,787<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,142<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1', window );">Weighted-average remaining lease term, Operating leases</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 1 month 13 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years 8 months 23 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent', window );">Weighted-average discount rate, Operating lease</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.75%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.75%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average discount rate for operating lease calculated at point in time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining lease term for operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450823003920">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Operating Leases - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract', window );"><strong>Maturities of lease liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo', window );">2023</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree', window );">2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,237<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,835<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour', window );">2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,880<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,675<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive', window );">2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">124<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">46<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix', window );">2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue', window );">Total undiscounted lease payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,246<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,760<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount', window );">Less: imputed interest</a></td>
<td class="num">(459)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(618)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Total lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,787<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,142<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in sixth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidYearSix</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments in excess of discounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822512064">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accruals and Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accruals and other current liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent', window );">Salary and welfare payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,796<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 16,850<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent', window );">Cloud infrastructure and IT related services fee payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,214<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent', window );">Payment from depositary bank, current (1)</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,113<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent', window );">Tax payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,479<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">787<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent', window );">Professional service fee payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,203<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,036<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent', window );">Membership fee to be refunded (2)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,857<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">388<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Deposits', window );">Deposit payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,412<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,436<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent', window );">Sales return allowances</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,223<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,004<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent', window );">Advertising and promotion fee payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">975<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,078<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent', window );">Product warranty</a></td>
<td class="nump">200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">213<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent', window );">Payables for share repurchase (3)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">716<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,335<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,548<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total accruals and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">32,807<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,383<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other non-current liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent', window );">Payment from depositary bank, non-current (1)</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,891<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,004<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities', window );">Total accruals and other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 40,387<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid nor invoiced, and liabilities classified as other (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for cloud infrastructure and IT related services fee payables (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_CloudInfrastructureAndItRelatedServicesFeePayablesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for membership fee to be refunded (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_MembershipFeeToBeRefundedCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of payables for share repurchases.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PayablesForShareRepurchaseCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the obligations incurred through that date and payable for payment from depositary bank. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the obligations incurred through that date and payable for payment from depositary bank, non-current portion.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PaymentFromDepositaryBankNonCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the obligations incurred through that date and payable for sales return allowances. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_SalesReturnAllowancesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for advertising of the entity's goods and services. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid nor invoiced, and liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for professional fees, such as for legal and accounting services received. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the obligations incurred through that date and payable for employees' services provided. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Deposits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate of all deposit liabilities held by the entity, including foreign and domestic, interest and noninterest bearing; may include demand deposits, saving deposits, Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW) and time deposits among others.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.12)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Deposits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for estimated claims under standard and extended warranty protection rights granted to customers. For classified balance sheets, represents the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482425/460-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (c)(5)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482425/460-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for statutory income, sales, use, payroll, excise, real, property and other taxes. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19,20)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
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<td>instant</td>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accruals and Other Liabilities - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems', window );"><strong>Accruals and Other Liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank', window );">Reimbursement payment from depositary bank</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,926<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 13,053<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">46 months<span></span>
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<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember', window );">Other non-operating income</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems', window );"><strong>Accruals and Other Liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded', window );">Reimbursement payment from depositary bank recorded</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 3,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,904<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,958<span></span>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AccrualsAndOtherLiabilitiesLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The period of arrangement in which amount recorded ratably as other non-operating income, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PeriodOfArrangementInWhichAmountRecordedRatablyAsOtherNonOperatingIncome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of reimbursement payment from depositary bank.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBank</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of reimbursement payment from depositary bank recorded during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ReimbursementPaymentFromDepositaryBankRecorded</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450815425680">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Deferred Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Total deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,308<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember', window );">Cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Deferred Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Total deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,122<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,375<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,669<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,058<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_MembershipMember', window );">Membership</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Deferred Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Total deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">672<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,077<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_SaasMember', window );">SaaS</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Deferred Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Total deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,168<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,971<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,040<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_MembershipMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_MembershipMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_SaasMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_SaasMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<FILENAME>R80.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822279744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Deferred Revenue - Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue, Membership, SaaS (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Beginning balances</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Ending balances</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,308<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember', window );">Cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Beginning balances</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,375<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,669<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,058<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue', window );">Deferral of revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">984<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">872<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,157<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance', window );">Recognition of deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,237)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,166)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,546)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Ending balances</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,122<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,375<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,669<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_MembershipMember', window );">Membership</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Beginning balances</a></td>
<td class="nump">672<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,077<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue', window );">Deferral of revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">179<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,442<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,259<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance', window );">Recognition of deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="num">(851)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,243)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,863)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Ending balances</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">672<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,473<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_SaasMember', window );">SaaS</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred Revenue</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Beginning balances</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,168<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,971<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,040<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue', window );">Deferral of revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,779<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,455<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance', window );">Recognition of deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="num">(18,384)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,582)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,524)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Ending balances</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,168<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,971<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferral of revenue during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized that was previously included in balance of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration from customer has been received or is due, including opening balance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_CloudBasedConnectivityAndBasicIotServicesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_MembershipMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_MembershipMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_SaasMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=tuya_SaasMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821846800">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Financial Income, net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeAbstract', window );"><strong>Financial Income, net.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeNet', window );">Interest income and investment income, net (1)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 45,052<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,731<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,119<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant', window );">Realized gain of bridge loan conversion to investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,218<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Fair value change of short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">54<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,056)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,998)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments', window );">Fair value change of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(130)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(129)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(53)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_FinancialIncomeNet', window );">Total financial income, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">44,976<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,546<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,286<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross', window );">Interest income and investment income, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">49,744<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,898<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,045<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts', window );">Investment gain (loss) from foreign exchange contracts</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (4,692)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,167)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 74<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of fair value change of long-term investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_FairValueChangeOfLongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_FinancialIncomeNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of financial income, net incurred during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_FinancialIncomeNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment gain (loss) from foreign exchange contraxts.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_InvestmentGainLossFromForeignExchangeContracts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment income, gross.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_InvestmentIncomeGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized gain due to the exercise of the warrant.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_RealizedGainsExerciseOfWarrant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(3)(d)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestAndOtherIncomeAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accretion (amortization) of discount (premium), and investment expense, of interest income and dividend income on nonoperating securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.8)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(a),(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Ordinary Shares (Details)<br> $ / shares in Units, &#165; in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="6">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 15, 2023 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 28, 2023 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 01, 2022 </div>
<div>Vote </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 04, 2022 </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 28, 2021 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 23, 2021 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Oct. 18, 2021 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 13, 2021 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 30, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 20, 2021 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 18, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 17, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>Vote </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 01, 2019 </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 16, 2019 </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 02, 2018 </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 16, 2018 </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 15, 2017 </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 15, 2017 </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 11, 2016 </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 23, 2014 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 28, 2014 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 28, 2014 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Feb. 28, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2018 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 30, 2016 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2014 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2020 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 29, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 09, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Oct. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_CommonStockValueAuthorized', window );">Authorized share capital | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Number of authorized share capital</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Par value | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 904,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Number of ordinary shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,980,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,980,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Number of ordinary shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,980,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,980,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable', window );">Subscription receivables from shareholders | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital', window );">Subscription receivables received | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering', window );">Proceeds from IPO | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 904,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated', window );">Number of ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio', window );">Ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated, ratio</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1', window );">Share repurchase program, remaining authorized amount | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 49,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 46,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired', window );">Cancellation of Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,200,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,753,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember', window );">Registered shareholders | Related Party</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=us-gaap_InvestorMember', window );">Investor | Related Party</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0797<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,980,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,980,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,980,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=tuya_TwoInvestorsMember', window );">Two investors | Related Party</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,577<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 9,720<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=tuya_OtherInvestorsMember', window );">The other investor | Related Party</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 175<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis=tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member', window );">Share Repurchase Program</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramPeriodInForce1', window );">Share repurchase program, period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">12 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series A convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.1378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.1378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">934,711,640<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series A-1 convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.2193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.2193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">921,032,370<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare', window );">Weighted average price of shares repurchased during period | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.5738<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series B convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.3305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.3305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">827,969,950<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series C convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.9019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.9019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">767,500,110<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series D convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.4317<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.4317<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">692,500,110<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12.48<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,026,282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated', window );">Number of ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Ordinary shares | Share Repurchase Program | Ads representing ordinary shares 18813449</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Number of shares repurchased during period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,813,449<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Number of authorized share capital</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">600,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost', window );">Number of shares issued upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.46<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Par value | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Number of ordinary shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">504,387,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">499,146,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Number of ordinary shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">487,591,968<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">473,550,229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated', window );">Number of ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">600,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted', window );">Number of ordinary shares converted</a></td>
<td class="nump">194,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio', window );">Ordinary shares converted, ratio</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, votes per share | Vote</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A | Share Repurchase Program</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio', window );">Number of underlying shares represented by one ADS</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A | IPO</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio', window );">Number of underlying shares represented by one ADS</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Number of authorized share capital</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Par value | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Number of ordinary shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70,205,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Number of ordinary shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70,205,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated', window );">Number of ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted', window );">Number of ordinary shares converted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">142,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio', window );">Ordinary shares converted, ratio</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, votes per share | Vote</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember', window );">ADSs | Share Repurchase Program</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1', window );">Share repurchase program, authorized amount | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember', window );">ADSs | Share Repurchase Program | Ads representing ordinary shares 18813449</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">18,813,449<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare', window );">Weighted average price of shares repurchased during period | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 3.17<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember', window );">ADSs | Share Repurchase Program | Ads representing ordinary shares 1200794</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Number of shares repurchased during period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,200,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare', window );">Weighted average price of shares repurchased during period | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.70<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember', window );">ADSs | Share Repurchase Program | Ordianry shares representing ordinary shares 26,400</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="nump">26,400<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">$ 1.71<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember', window );">ADSs | Share Repurchase Program | Ordinary shares representing ordinary shares 1200794</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Number of shares repurchased during period</a></td>
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<td class="nump">1,200,794<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember', window );">ADSs | IPO</a></td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 21.00<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">43,590,000<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember', window );">ADSs | Over allotment option</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,486,479<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of underlying shares represented by one American Depository Receipt (ADR) or Global Depository Receipt (GDR). A value of '3' means that one ADR represents 3 underlying shares. If one underlying share represents 2 ADR's then the value would be represented as '0.5'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityListingDepositoryReceiptRatio</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:pureItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of votes that each common share is entitled.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_CommonStockNumberOfVotesPerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_CommonStockValueAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum amount of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_CommonStockValueAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents information pertaining to number of investors.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_NumberOfInvestors</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued for the ordinary shares converted.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_OrdinarySharesConverted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Ratio applied to the ordinary shares converted.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_OrdinarySharesConvertedRatio</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:pureItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued for the ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignated</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Ratio applied to the ordinary shares reclassified and re-designated.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_OrdinarySharesReclassifiedAndReDesignatedRatio</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:pureItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during period upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_SharesIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUponDualPrimaryListingNetOfIssuanceCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(2)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of subscription receivable from investors who have been allocated common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480833/946-310-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(5)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockShareSubscribedButUnissuedSubscriptionsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received by a corporation from a shareholder during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from entity's first offering of stock to the public.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of stock repurchase plan authorized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramPeriodInForce1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period which shares may be purchased under a stock repurchase plan authorized by an entity's Board of Directors, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramPeriodInForce1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount remaining of a stock repurchase plan authorized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingAuthorizedRepurchaseAmount1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total cost of shares repurchased divided by the total number of shares repurchased.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares that have been repurchased during the period and are being held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common and preferred stock retired from treasury during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=tuya_RegisteredShareholdersMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=us-gaap_InvestorMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=us-gaap_InvestorMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=tuya_TwoInvestorsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=tuya_TwoInvestorsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=tuya_OtherInvestorsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=tuya_OtherInvestorsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis=tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis=tuya_ShareRepurchaseProgram2021Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementScenarioAxis=tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementScenarioAxis=tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares18813449Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_IPOMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_IPOMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementScenarioAxis=tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementScenarioAxis=tuya_AdsRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementScenarioAxis=tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementScenarioAxis=tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares26400.Member</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementScenarioAxis=tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementScenarioAxis=tuya_OrdinarySharesRepresentingOrdinaryShares1200794Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_OverAllotmentOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_OverAllotmentOptionMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>115
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818412880">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Ordinary Shares - Activities of the Group's Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 15, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 28, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 18, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 13, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 01, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 28, 2014</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Beginning Balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 962,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,113,661<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (164,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">904,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired', window );">Cancellation of Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,200,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,753,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending Balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 970,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 962,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,113,661<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Beginning Balance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">578,546,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">571,246,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,980,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Beginning Balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,076,479<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired', window );">Cancellation of Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,953,961)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares reserved for equity incentive plan (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares reserved for equity incentive plan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending Balance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">574,592,599<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">578,546,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">571,246,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending Balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A | Common Stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Beginning Balance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">499,146,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">491,846,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Beginning Balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired', window );">Cancellation of Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,953,961)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother', window );">Conversion of Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,194,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending Balance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">504,387,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">499,146,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">491,846,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending Balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B | Common Stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Beginning Balance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Beginning Balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired', window );">Cancellation of Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother', window );">Conversion of Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,194,700)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending Balance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70,205,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending Balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember', window );">Total of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares [Member] | Common Stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Ordinary Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Beginning Balance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">578,546,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">571,246,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Beginning Balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired', window );">Cancellation of Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,953,961)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending Balance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">574,592,599<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">578,546,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">571,246,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending Balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares converted from one class of ordinary shares to another.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ConversionOfOneClassOfOrdinarySharesToAnother</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 272<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483014/272-10-45-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 272<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482987/272-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(d))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period to an employee benefit plan, such as a defined contribution or defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of shares issued during the period to an employee benefit plan, such as a defined contribution or defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480167/946-830-55-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 205<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480767/946-205-45-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480167/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 14: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480418/310-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common and preferred stock retired from treasury during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_ClassAndClassBOrdinarySharesMember</td>
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<td></td>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares (Details)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">2 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 01, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 16, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 02, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 16, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 15, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 15, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 11, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 23, 2014 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>item </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 01, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 31, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred shares, net of issuance costs | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 115,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 115,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series A convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period | shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,288,360<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,288,360<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Par value of convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.1378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.1378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.1378<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred shares, net of issuance costs | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series A-1 convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,679,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,679,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Par value of convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.2193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.2193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.2193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred shares, net of issuance costs | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series B convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period | shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87,756,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87,756,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Par value of convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.3305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.3305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred shares, net of issuance costs | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series C convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period | shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,468,490<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,468,490<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Par value of convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.9019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.9019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred shares, net of issuance costs | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 55,550<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 59,457<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 115,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series D convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">52,428,242<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">52,428,242<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Par value of convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued price per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.4317<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.4317<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.4317<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors', window );">Number of investors | item</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred shares, net of issuance costs | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 174,918<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 179,918<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts', window );">Issuance costs | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,938<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,938<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_NumberOfInvestors">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents information pertaining to number of investors.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_NumberOfInvestors</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock classified as temporary equity issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of direct costs associated with issuing temporary equity. Includes, but is not limited to, legal and accounting fees and direct costs associated with stock issues under a shelf registration.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from issuance of preferred stocks identified as being convertible into another form of financial instrument, typically the entity's common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfConvertiblePreferredStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share amount of par value or stated value of stock classified as temporary equity. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (27)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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</div>
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</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>117
<FILENAME>R85.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450815328816">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares - Share repurchases (Details) - Series A-1 convertible preferred shares - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 01, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 11, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares', window );">Number of shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,457,003<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued during the period</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,679,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,679,270<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare', window );">Weighted average price of shares repurchased during period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.5738<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,750<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Original issuance price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.2193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.2193<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents of new stock of temporary equity repurchased during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TemporaryEquityRepurchaseOfSharesShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock classified as temporary equity issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfConvertiblePreferredStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to reacquire preferred stock originally issued and identified as a security that can be exchanged for another type of financial security. This repurchased stock is held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfConvertiblePreferredStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total cost of shares repurchased divided by the total number of shares repurchased.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesA1ConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
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</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>118
<FILENAME>R86.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450924395168">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares - Additional (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 01, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 16, 2019</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember', window );">Series D convertible preferred shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Preferred Shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts', window );">Issuance costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,938<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,938<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of direct costs associated with issuing temporary equity. Includes, but is not limited to, legal and accounting fees and direct costs associated with stock issues under a shelf registration.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedIssuanceCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=tuya_SeriesDConvertiblePreferredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>119
<FILENAME>R87.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822615680">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Share-based Compensation - General (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 25, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 21, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2020</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Number of options granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,765,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,035,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1', window );">Requisite service period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">4 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">4 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">4 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,672,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">56,274,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59,961,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,740,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=tuya_Plan2015Member', window );">2015 Plan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Number of ordinary shares reserved for issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">76,778,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,778,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,918,690<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod', window );">Contractual term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1', window );">Vesting period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">4 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost', window );">Total incremental share-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 728<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,646<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions', window );">Expenses expected to be amortized over the remaining requisite service period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 154,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne', window );">Percentage of issued and outstanding stock of the entity considered for annual incremental in total number of shares available for issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Number of options granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,181,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,205,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,217,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,672,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">56,274,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=tuya_Plan2015Member', window );">2015 Plan | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1', window );">Requisite service period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=tuya_Plan2015Member', window );">2015 Plan | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1', window );">Requisite service period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">4 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=tuya_Plan2015Member', window );">2015 Plan | Restricted Share Units (RSUs)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Number of options granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,323,125<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,638,750<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=tuya_Plan2015Member', window );">2015 Plan | Share-based payment arrangement, tranche one</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1', window );">Vesting period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=tuya_Plan2015Member', window );">2015 Plan | Share-based payment arrangement, tranche two</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1', window );">Vesting period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Condition one annual incremental in total number of shares available for issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AnnualIncrementalInTotalNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuanceConditionOne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate number of common shares reserved for future issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost to be recognized for option under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Estimated period over which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the equity-based payment award, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardRequisiteServicePeriod1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period over which grantee's right to exercise award under share-based payment arrangement is no longer contingent on satisfaction of service or performance condition, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Includes, but is not limited to, combination of market, performance or service condition.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>An excess of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the award immediately before the modification.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of vesting of award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period from grant date that an equity-based award expires, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=tuya_Plan2015Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=tuya_Plan2015Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>120
<FILENAME>R88.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822232336">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Share-based Compensation - Options activity (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward', window );"><strong>Number of shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Outstanding at the beginning</a></td>
<td class="nump">56,274,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59,961,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,740,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Number of options granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,765,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,035,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of options Exercised</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,770,958)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,502,326)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,403,461)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod', window );">Number of options Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="num">(831,250)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,950,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,410,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Outstanding at the end</a></td>
<td class="nump">51,672,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">56,274,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59,961,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,740,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward', window );"><strong>Weighted average exercise price per share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Outstanding at the beginning (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.16<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.17<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Granted (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.24<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Exercised (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.31<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.14<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Forfeited (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.36<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.47<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.31<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Outstanding at the end (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.15<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.16<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.17<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.33<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted average grant date fair value per share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Outstanding at the beginning (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.42<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.40<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Granted (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.27<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.55<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Exercised (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.54<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.09<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.68<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Forfeited (in dollar per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">7.16<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7.69<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7.21<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Outstanding at the end (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.44<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.42<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.40<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.05<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted average remaining contractual term and Aggregate intrinsic value</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Weighted average remaining contractual term</a></td>
<td class="text">4 years 11 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 14 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 11 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 7 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Outstanding at the beginning (in dollars)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 98,287<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 364,287<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 591,879<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Outstanding at the end (in dollars)</a></td>
<td class="nump">105,285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">98,287<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">364,287<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 591,879<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue', window );">Difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the estimated fair value of the underlying stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 118,846<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">107,484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 374,760<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share Option</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward', window );"><strong>Number of shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Number of options granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted average remaining contractual term and Aggregate intrinsic value</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unrecognized share-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 65,970<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 127,887<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Weighted-average vesting period</a></td>
<td class="text">6 months 21 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year 18 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average grant-date fair value of options exercised during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost not yet recognized for nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted-average period over which cost not yet recognized is expected to be recognized for award under share-based payment arrangement, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated difference between fair value of underlying shares on dates of exercise and exercise price on options exercised (or share units converted) into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the reporting period as calculated by applying the disclosed option pricing methodology.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which option holders acquired shares when converting their stock options into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees could have acquired the underlying shares with respect to stock options that were terminated.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average grant-date fair value of non-vested options forfeited.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average grant-date fair value of non-vested options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Section 50<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822856336">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Share-based Compensation - Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum', window );">Risk-free interest rate, minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.92%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.13%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum', window );">Risk-free interest rate, maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.22%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.79%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">0 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum', window );">Expected volatility, minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">55.68%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.40%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum', window );">Expected volatility, maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">55.78%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">55.79%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice', window );">Exercise price (US Dollar)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple', window );">Exercise multiple</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate', window );">Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.83%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.96%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of options grants (US Dollar)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.24<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6.25<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption', window );">Fair value of share option (US Dollar)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.78<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice', window );">Exercise price (US Dollar)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.88<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple', window );">Exercise multiple</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.8<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate', window );">Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.83%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of options grants (US Dollar)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5.46<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20.91<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption', window );">Fair value of share option (US Dollar)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5.27<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20.91<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exercise multiple used to value the options grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExerciseMultiple</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated forfeiture rate (post-vesting) used to value the options grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedForfeitureRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The fair value of share option used to value the options grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfShareOption</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Agreed-upon price for the exchange of the underlying asset relating to the share-based payment award.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the maximum percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the minimum percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The minimum risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-1D<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Price of a single share of a number of saleable stocks of a company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expected term of award under share-based payment arrangement, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816542144">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Share-based Compensation - RSUs activity (Details) - Restricted Share Units (RSUs) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward', window );"><strong>Number of shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Outstanding at the beginning</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,638,750<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,050,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,181,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,205,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,217,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Vested</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,276,875)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(346,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod', window );">Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,219,750)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,270,750)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(167,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Outstanding at the end</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,323,125<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,638,750<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,050,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward', window );"><strong>Weighted average grant date fair value per share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Outstanding at the beginning (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.51<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8.80<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Granted (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.79<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.58<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8.95<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Vested (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.76<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.68<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Forfeited (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.34<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7.80<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11.80<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Outstanding at the end (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.88<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.51<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8.80<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unrecognized share-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,695<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33,197<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Weighted-average vesting period</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 7 months 9 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">3 years 4 months 24 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost not yet recognized for nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted-average period over which cost not yet recognized is expected to be recognized for award under share-based payment arrangement, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that were forfeited during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average fair value as of the grant date of equity-based award plans other than stock (unit) option plans that were not exercised or put into effect as a result of the occurrence of a terminating event.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards issued during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of non-vested equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that validly exist and are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or unit weighted-average fair value of nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes share and unit options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that vested during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value as of grant date pertaining to an equity-based award plan other than a stock (or unit) option plan for which the grantee gained the right during the reporting period, by satisfying service and performance requirements, to receive or retain shares or units, other instruments, or cash in accordance with the terms of the arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>123
<FILENAME>R91.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450912220816">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Narratives (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 22, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 16, 2007</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Corporate tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PreferentialTaxRate', window );">Preferential tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod', window );">HNTE certificate effective period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_WithholdingIncomeTaxRateOnDividendsDistributed', window );">Withholding income tax rate on dividends distributed</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfImmediateHoldingCompanyInHongKongOwnsDirectlyAtLeast25OfShares', window );">Maximum withholding income tax rate if the immediate holding company in Hong Kong owns directly at least 25% of the shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PercentageOfSharesOfFieForWithholdingIncomeTaxRateOf5', window );">Percentage of shares of the FIE for withholding income tax rate of 5%</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_FranchiseTaxRate', window );">Franchise tax rate (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8.84%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8.84%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8.84%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_FranchiseTax', window );">Franchise tax</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.8<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 608,109,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK', window );">HONG KONG</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Corporate tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC entities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Corporate tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod', window );">HNTE certificate effective period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Corporate tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">35.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_FranchiseTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of franchise tax.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_FranchiseTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_FranchiseTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the percentage of franchise tax rate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_FranchiseTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the HNTE certificate effective period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_HnteCertificateEffectivePeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfImmediateHoldingCompanyInHongKongOwnsDirectlyAtLeast25OfShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the maximum withholding income tax rate if the immediate holding company in Hong Kong owns directly at least 25% of the shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfImmediateHoldingCompanyInHongKongOwnsDirectlyAtLeast25OfShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_PercentageOfSharesOfFieForWithholdingIncomeTaxRateOf5">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the percentage of shares of the FIE for withholding income tax rate of 5%.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PercentageOfSharesOfFieForWithholdingIncomeTaxRateOf5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_PreferentialTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the preferential tax rate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PreferentialTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_WithholdingIncomeTaxRateOnDividendsDistributed">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the withholding income tax rate on dividends distributed.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_WithholdingIncomeTaxRateOnDividendsDistributed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818305536">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Components of loss before tax (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total loss before tax</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (57,066)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (144,295)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (174,934)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC entities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total loss before tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(71,249)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(143,951)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(150,478)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=tuya_OtherThanChinaMember', window );">Overseas entities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total loss before tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,183<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (344)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (24,456)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479557/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 940<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481913/940-20-25-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822378096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Components of Income tax expense (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Current income tax expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,249<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,880<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 490<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations', window );">Total income tax expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,249<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,880<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 490<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current federal tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, current national tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current and deferred federal tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, current and deferred national tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821288240">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Reconciliation of the differences between statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">PRC Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential', window );">Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction</a></td>
<td class="num">(2.50%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(0.30%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2.00%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRatePercent', window );">Effect of preferential tax rate for qualified HNTE entities</a></td>
<td class="num">(5.40%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6.00%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2.20%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseResearchAndDevelopment', window );">Additional deduction for research and development expenditures</a></td>
<td class="nump">17.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7.20%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(19.70%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10.50%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8.40%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes', window );">Permanent book-tax differences</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.60%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1.40%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.20%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Change in valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(22.40%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16.60%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26.00%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations', window );">Effective tax rates</a></td>
<td class="num">(5.70%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1.30%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(0.20%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to effect of preferential tax rate for qualifies high and new technology enterprise entities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRatePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to statutory income tax expense (benefit) outside of the country of domicile.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseResearchAndDevelopment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to research and development expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying domestic federal statutory income tax rate to pretax income (loss) from continuing operation, attributable to nondeductible expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to revisions of previously reported income tax expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818319216">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Significant components of the deferred tax assets (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred tax assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net accumulated losses-carry forward</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 114,958<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,231<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 76,944<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefits', window );">Payroll liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,451<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,915<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsImpairmentLosses', window );">Credit-related impairment of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory', window );">Inventory write-downs</a></td>
<td class="nump">531<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Receivables allowances</a></td>
<td class="nump">279<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">171<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther', window );">Other deductible temporary difference</a></td>
<td class="nump">106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">88<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Less: valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (119,746)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (106,967)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (82,964)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (37,405)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from inventory.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-8<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-8<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from compensation and benefits costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefits</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary difference from allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsImpairmentLosses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from estimated impairment losses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsImpairmentLosses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818323232">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Tax losses carry forwards (Details)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 551,545<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2024Member', window );">2024</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">227<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2025Member', window );">2025</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">59,719<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2026Member', window );">2026</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">106,030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2027Member', window );">2027</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">50,463<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member', window );">2028</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">59,405<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member', window );">2029</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">68,687<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member', window );">2030</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">37,607<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member', window );">2031</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">34,690<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member', window );">2032</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">98,215<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member', window );">2033</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Total tax losses carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,502<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of tax losses carry forwards from PRC entities that will expire.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2024Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2025Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2026Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2027Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2028Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2029Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2030Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2031Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2032Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_TaxExpirationPeriodAxis=tuya_ExpirationYear2033Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>129
<FILENAME>R97.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450813295072">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Movement of valuation allowance (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract', window );"><strong>Valuation allowance</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Balance at beginning of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 106,967<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 82,964<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 37,405<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount', window );">Changes of valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,779<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,003<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,559<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Balance at end of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 119,746<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 106,967<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 82,964<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for a specified deferred tax asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>130
<FILENAME>R98.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450940680672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share - Schedule of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_NumeratorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Numerator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.'s ordinary shareholders, basic</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted', window );">Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.'s ordinary shareholders, diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_DenominatorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Denominator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding, basic</a></td>
<td class="nump">555,466,061<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">553,527,529<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">489,149,533<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding, diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">555,466,061<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">553,527,529<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">489,149,533<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders, basic</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.11)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.26)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.36)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders, diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.11)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.26)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.36)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_DenominatorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_DenominatorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_NumeratorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_NumeratorForCalculationOfEarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-15<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (e)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.B)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-5<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities, and addition from assumption of issuance of common shares for dilutive potential common shares; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.B)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-40<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-40<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-40<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-40<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>131
<FILENAME>R99.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821753872">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share - Schedule of Antidilutive Shares excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per ordinary share (Details) - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share option and RSU-weighted shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Weighted average shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per ordinary share</a></td>
<td class="nump">64,211,569<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,349,350<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">61,989,697<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
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</html>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>132
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450821462016">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_CapitalAndOtherCommitmentsMinimum', window );">Future minimum capital commitments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne', window );">Operating lease commitment within one year or less lease term</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_CapitalAndOtherCommitmentsMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of capital lease obligations and other commitments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_CapitalAndOtherCommitmentsMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid within one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidWithinYearOne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>133
<FILENAME>R101.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450818349152">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies - Services Purchase Commitments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PurchaseObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,667<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInNextTwelveMonths', window );">Less Than 1 year</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,042<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInSecondAndThirdYear', window );">1-3 years</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,625<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted', window );">Purchase obligations remaining non-cancelable contractual commitments</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,667<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 24,604<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue', window );">Aggregate purchase committed value</a></td>
<td class="nump">37,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade', window );">Total payments made</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,774<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of agreement under committed to aggregate values.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AggregatePurchaseCommittedValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>It represents the value of aggregate payments made under purchase commitment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_PurchaseCommitmentAggregatePaymentsMade</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount to be expended to satisfy the terms of arrangements in which the entity has agreed to expend funds to procure goods or services, excluding long-term purchase commitments or unconditional purchase obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PurchaseObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of purchase arrangement in which the entity has agreed to expend funds to procure goods or services from a supplier.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PurchaseObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInNextTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of purchase arrangement to be paid in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Includes, but is not limited to, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, long-term purchase commitment, and short-term purchase commitment. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInNextTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInSecondAndThirdYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of purchase arrangement to be paid in second and third fiscal years following current fiscal year. Includes, but is not limited to, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, long-term purchase commitment, and short-term purchase commitment. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PurchaseObligationDueInSecondAndThirdYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450924158224">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionPurchasesFromRelatedParty', window );">Purchase of cloud service from Tencent Group</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 262<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Due to Tencent Group</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 306<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration', window );">Other Liability, Related Party, Type [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">Related Party [Member]<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Related Party [Member]<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration', window );">Other Liability, Related Party, Name [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">tuya:TencentGroupMember<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">tuya:TencentGroupMember<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Prepaid service fee to Tencent Group</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 97<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration', window );">Other Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Related Party, Type [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">Related Party [Member]<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Related Party [Member]<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration', window );">Other Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Related Party, Name [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">tuya:TencentGroupMember<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">tuya:TencentGroupMember<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480167/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(12)(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(12)(b)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(12)(b)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.15)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates name of related party for liability classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>enum2:enumerationSetItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates type of related party for liability classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilityRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>enum2:enumerationSetItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates name of related party for receivable, after allowance for credit loss, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyCounterpartyNameExtensibleEnumeration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>enum2:enumerationSetItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates type of related party for receivable, after allowance for credit loss, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossRelatedPartyTypeExtensibleEnumeration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>enum2:enumerationSetItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount due from parties in nontrade transactions, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(5)(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionPurchasesFromRelatedParty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Purchases during the period (excluding transactions that are eliminated in consolidated or combined financial statements) with related party.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionPurchasesFromRelatedParty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450816453680">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund', window );">Minimum percentage of statutory after-tax profit required to be appropriated to statutory general reserve fund</a></td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital', window );">Maximum percentage of statutory general reserve fund as registered capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries', window );">Restricted portion</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 408,641<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 392,612<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>srt_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of maximum value of statutory general reserve fund as registered capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMaximumPercentageOfStatutoryGeneralReserveFundAsRegisteredCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of minimum value of statutory after-tax profit required to be appropriated to statutory general reserve fund.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_AppropriationOfAfterTaxProfitRequiredMinimumPercentageToStatutoryGeneralReserveFund</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of restricted net assets of consolidated and unconsolidated subsidiaries as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(3)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>136
<FILENAME>R104.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450918267664">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets - Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 498,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 133,161<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 963,938<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepayments and other current assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,053<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,752<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">847,798<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,023,366<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent', window );">Total non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">218,602<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,066,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,056,139<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities', window );">Accruals and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">36,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,891<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,004<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">95,835<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">93,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue', window );">Treasury stock (US$0.00005 par value; 25,596,331 and 16,795,331 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="num">(53,630)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(86,438)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,616,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,584,764<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(17,091)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(22,115)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(574,848)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(514,073)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">970,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">962,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,113,661<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (164,667)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,066,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,056,139<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Parent Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,393<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepayments and other current assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">785<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">596<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">309,846<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">323,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInAffiliatesSubsidiariesAssociatesAndJointVentures', window );">Investment in subsidiaries and VIE</a></td>
<td class="nump">669,084<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">651,044<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent', window );">Total non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">669,084<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">651,044<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">978,930<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">974,342<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities', window );">Accruals and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,474<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,171<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,891<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,004<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,175<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue', window );">Treasury stock (US$0.00005 par value; 25,596,331 and 16,795,331 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="num">(53,630)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(86,438)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,616,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,584,764<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(17,091)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(22,115)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(574,848)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(514,073)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">970,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">962,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">978,930<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">974,342<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Parent Company | Related Party</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Amounts due from subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="nump">287,668<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">318,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Class A ordinary shares | Parent Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Class B ordinary shares | Parent Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid nor invoiced, and liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value received from shareholders in common stock-related transactions that are in excess of par value or stated value and amounts received from other stock-related transactions. Includes only common stock transactions (excludes preferred stock transactions). May be called contributed capital, capital in excess of par, capital surplus, or paid-in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: 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http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481404/852-10-50-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInAffiliatesSubsidiariesAssociatesAndJointVentures">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity method investee and investment in and advance to affiliate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(18))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsInAffiliatesSubsidiariesAssociatesAndJointVentures</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481404/852-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance, of receivables classified as other, due within one year or the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated undistributed earnings (deficit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-11<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480167/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 14: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480418/310-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount allocated to previously issued common shares repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481520/505-30-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.30)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 01, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 17, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2019</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">0<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,980,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,980,000<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">0<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,980,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,980,000<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">16,795,331<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,596,331<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Balance sheet</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">600,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">504,387,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">499,146,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">487,591,968<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">473,550,229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Balance sheet</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,205,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,205,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Parent Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Balance sheet</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_TreasuryStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Treasury stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,795,331<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,596,331<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Ordinary shares | Parent Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Balance sheet</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Class A ordinary shares | Parent Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Balance sheet</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">504,387,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">499,146,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">487,591,968<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">473,550,229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Class B ordinary shares | Parent Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Balance sheet</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
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<td class="nump">70,205,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,205,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Paragraph a<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 5<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Paragraph c<br> -Subparagraph Schedule I<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 7<br> -Subsection 05<br> -Paragraph c<br> -Subparagraph Schedule II<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 9<br> -Subsection 06<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of treasury stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of previously issued common shares repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450912675424">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets - Statement of Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating expenses:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">General and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (80,663)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (67,513)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (71,589)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(212,479)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(257,609)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(311,427)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-operating incomes, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,904<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,958<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_FinancialIncomeNet', window );">Financial income, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">44,976<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,546<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,286<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Foreign exchange gain/(loss)</a></td>
<td class="nump">669<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,441<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(618)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Loss before income tax expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(57,066)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(144,295)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(174,934)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive income/(loss)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,722)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,942)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,482<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax', window );">Transfer out of fair value changes of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Changes in fair value of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,791)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,493)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Total comprehensive loss attributable to Tuya Inc.</a></td>
<td class="num">(55,291)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(170,610)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(173,585)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Parent Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating expenses:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">General and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,212)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,013)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,927)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Share of loss of subsidiaries and VIE</a></td>
<td class="num">(59,372)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,417)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(174,455)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(63,584)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(149,430)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(177,382)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-operating incomes, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,904<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,958<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_FinancialIncomeNet', window );">Financial income, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">197<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Foreign exchange gain/(loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">(82)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">154<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Loss before income tax expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,424)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive income/(loss)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,722)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,942)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,482<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax', window );">Transfer out of fair value changes of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Changes in fair value of long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,791)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,493)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">357<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Total comprehensive loss attributable to Tuya Inc.</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (55,291)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (170,610)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (173,585)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_tuya_FinancialIncomeNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of financial income, net incurred during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_FinancialIncomeNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>tuya_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(26))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of realized and unrealized gain (loss) from foreign currency transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482014/830-20-35-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481956/830-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481926/830-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481839/830-10-45-17<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total of expenses of managing and administering the affairs of an entity, including affiliates of the reporting entity, which are not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) for proportionate share of equity method investee's income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(13)(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.B)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-5<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax and reclassification adjustment, of gain (loss) in value of unsold investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), attributable to parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-19<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-20<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature, attributable to parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-19<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-20<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized loss realized upon the write-down of available-for-sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-15<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-17A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForWritedownOfSecuritiesNetOfTax</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) related to nonoperating activities, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.9)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140450822242928">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets - Statement of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Statement of Cash Flows</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,443<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (70,654)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (126,103)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">332,455<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(714,225)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(112,957)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">904,732<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock', window );">Payment for repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,339)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(48,678)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(64,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering', window );">Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of share options</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,187<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,039<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,070<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts', window );">Payments of deferred offering costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">71<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash generated from/ (used in) financing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,223)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(38,582)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,041,802<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,148)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,954)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,879<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">365,527<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(831,415)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">805,621<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash at the beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">133,161<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">964,576<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">158,955<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash at the end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">498,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">133,161<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">964,576<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Parent Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Statement of Cash Flows</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,478)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,408)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,255<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInSubsidiariesAndAffiliates', window );">Advance to, and investment in subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,940)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,037,244)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributionsFromAffiliates', window );">Proceeds from subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,349<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,842<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,842<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,037,244)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">904,732<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock', window );">Payment for repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,339)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(48,678)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(64,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesUponDualPrimary', window );">Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,057<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering', window );">Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of share options</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,187<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,039<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,070<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts', window );">Payments of deferred offering costs</a></td>
<td class="num">(71)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash generated from/ (used in) financing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,223)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(38,582)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,041,802<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,148)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,813<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash at the beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,833<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash at the end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,393<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,833<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Paragraph a<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to initial public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesPriorToInitialPublicOffering</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares upon the dual primary listing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">tuya_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfOrdinarySharesUponDualPrimary</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Topic 830<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481877/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481877/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to reacquire common stock during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for cost incurred directly with the issuance of an equity security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInSubsidiariesAndAffiliates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of or advances to an entity that is related to it but not strictly controlled (for example, an unconsolidated subsidiary, affiliate, and joint venture or equity method investment) or the acquisition of an additional interest in a subsidiary (controlled entity).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInSubsidiariesAndAffiliates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributionsFromAffiliates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from an entity that is affiliated with the entity by means of direct or indirect ownership.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributionsFromAffiliates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of option under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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M-3DN>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ MC686#X0>%*0 @  Y 8  !D
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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The Company and its subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entity (&#x201c;VIE&#x201d;) (collectively referred to as the &#x201c;Group&#x201d;) are principally engaged in offering PaaS&#160;(Platform-as-a-Service)&#160;to business customers developing IoT (Internet of Things) devices, including brands and their OEMs (original equipment manufacturer). Also, the Group offers Industry SaaS&#160;(Software-as-a-Service)&#160;and cloud-based value-added services to its customers. The Group also sells finished smart devices powered by Tuya purchased from qualified OEMs (the &#x201c;Smart device distribution&#x201d;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;History of the Group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Prior to the incorporation of Tuya Inc. in August 2014, the Group commenced its initial operations through Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd. (&#x201c;Hangzhou Tuya Technology&#x201d;), which was established on June 16, 2014 by Wang Xueji and another individual. After a series of agreements, Hangzhou Tuya Technology was owned by Wang Xueji and other four individuals (collectively, the &#x201c;Registered Shareholders&#x201d;) together with two unrelated investors of Series Angel financing (the &#x201c;Non-Registered Shareholders VIE Investors&#x201d;) by August 2014. In December 2014, Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. (&#x201c;the WFOE&#x201d;) was established after the incorporation of Tuya Inc. The Group then entered into a series of contractual arrangements among the WFOE, Hangzhou Tuya Technology and Hangzhou Tuya Technology&#x2019;s shareholders in December 2014, and thereafter Hangzhou Tuya Technology (the &#x201c;VIE&#x201d;) became the variable interest entity of the Group. After the completion of this transaction, the Group&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE. In 2019, the VIE agreements were amended to modify the VIE&#x2019;s shareholders list and equity interest of each shareholder as a result of the change in registered share capital of the VIE and the exit of Non-Registered Shareholders VIE Investors as the VIE&#x2019;s shareholders. The contractual arrangements were further amended in January 2022. 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Date&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Place&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Percentage of&#160;direct&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Principal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Name of subsidiaries&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;incorporation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;incorporation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;or&#160;indirect ownership&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuya (HK) Limited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;September 12, 2014&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hong Kong, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Investment holding and business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;December 5, 2014&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hangzhou, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Sales of IoT PaaS, Smart devices, SaaS and Others and research and development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuya Smart Inc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;July 19, 2019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Delaware, United States&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuya Global Inc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;July 22, 2015&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;California, United States&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuyasmart (India) Private Limited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;January 31, 2019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Gurgaon, India&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuyasmart (Colombia) S.A.S&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;July 2, 2019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Medellin, Colombia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuya GmbH&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;May 13, 2019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hamburg, Germany&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuya Japan Co., Ltd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;January 23, 2019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tokyo, Japan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;May 9, 2020&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hangzhou, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Sales of Smart devices&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Date&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Place&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Economic&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Principal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Name of VIE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;incorporation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;incorporation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;interest held&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hangzhou Tuya Technology Co., Ltd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;June 16, 2014&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hangzhou, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;No substantial business&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt;The VIE operated de minimis business activities and had no material impact on the Company&#x2019;s financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <tuya:ScheduleOfPrincipalSubsidiariesAndConsolidatedViesTableTextBlock
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      id="Tb_xewgANfEIEuNxnopcdpwUQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company&#x2019;s principal subsidiaries and consolidated VIE are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Date&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Place&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Percentage of&#160;direct&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Principal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Name of subsidiaries&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;incorporation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;incorporation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;or&#160;indirect ownership&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuya (HK) Limited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;September 12, 2014&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hong Kong, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Investment holding and business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;December 5, 2014&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hangzhou, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Sales of IoT PaaS, Smart devices, SaaS and Others and research and development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuya Smart Inc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;July 19, 2019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Delaware, United States&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuya Global Inc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;July 22, 2015&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;California, United States&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuyasmart (India) Private Limited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;January 31, 2019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Gurgaon, India&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuyasmart (Colombia) S.A.S&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;July 2, 2019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Medellin, Colombia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuya GmbH&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;May 13, 2019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hamburg, Germany&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tuya Japan Co., Ltd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;January 23, 2019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tokyo, Japan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Business development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;May 9, 2020&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hangzhou, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Sales of Smart devices&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b 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style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b 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style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td 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      id="Tb_QgmgsQCEj0eO74y6y1hZHA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Principal Accounting Policies&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of Preparation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#x201c;U.S. GAAP&#x201d;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Principal accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of Consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, and the VIE have been eliminated upon consolidation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;A subsidiary is an entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly: (1)&#160;controls more than one half of the voting power; (2)&#160;has the power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; (3)&#160;casts a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors; or (4)&#160;governs the financial and operating policies of the investee under a statute or agreement among the shareholders or equity holders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company applies the guidance codified in Accounting Standard Codification 810, Consolidations (&#x201c;ASC 810&#x201d;) on accounting for the VIE, which requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity in which it has a controlling financial interest. A VIE is an entity with one or more of the following characteristics: (a)&#160;the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support; (b)&#160;as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack the ability to make certain decisions, the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns, or (c)&#160;an equity investor has voting rights that are disproportionate to its economic interest and substantially all of the entity&#x2019;s activities are on behalf of the investor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Use of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The preparation of the Group&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, long-lived assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Accounting estimates reflected in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to impairment provision for inventories, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, stand-alone selling prices (SSP) for each distinct performance obligation, the valuation of ordinary shares, share-based compensation, long-term investments, and the determination of allowance for current expected credit losses. Estimates are based on historical experiences and on various assumptions that the Group believes are reasonable under current circumstances. Given the changes in circumstances, facts and experience may cause the Group to revise its estimates, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Translation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group uses United States dollar as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated in Cayman Islands and Hong Kong is the United States dollar, while the functional currency of the Group&#x2019;s other subsidiaries and VIE is their respective local currency as determined based on the criteria of ASC 830,&#160;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Foreign Currency Matters&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are re-measured into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Financial assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are re-measured at the balance sheet date exchange rate. The resulting exchange differences are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as foreign exchange related gains or loss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The financial statements of the Group&#x2019;s entities using functional currency other than US$ are translated from the functional currency to the reporting currency, US$. Assets and liabilities of the Group&#x2019;s subsidiaries incorporated in PRC are translated into US$ at fiscal year-end exchange rates, while income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during each period presented, representing the index rates stipulated by the People&#x2019;s Bank of China. Translation adjustments arising from these are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of shareholders&#x2019; equity on the consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument&#x2019;s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:12pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1)&#160;market approach; (2)&#160;income approach and (3)&#160;cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Financial assets and liabilities of the Group mainly consist of cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, equity securities, account receivables, notes receivable, derivative instruments, certain other current assets, U.S. treasury securities, available-for-sale debt securities, account payables and certain accruals and other liabilities. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, except for time deposits, derivative instruments, equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities, the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated their fair values due to their short-term maturity. The Group reports equity securities with readily determinable fair values included in short-term investments at fair value and discloses the fair value of these investments based on level 1 measurement. The Group reports time deposits included in short-term investments, derivative instruments and equity securities with readily determinable fair value included in long-term investments at fair value, and discloses their fair value based on level 2 measurement. The Group reports available-for-sale debt securities at fair value and discloses the fair value of these investments based on level 3 measurement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The following table sets forth the Group&#x2019;s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div 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style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair&#160;value&#160;measurement&#160;at&#160;reporting&#160;date&#160;using&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair&#160;value&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Quoted&#160;Prices&#160;in&#160;Active&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;as&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Markets&#160;for&#160;Identical&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant&#160;Other&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Unobservable&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Assets&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Observable&#160;Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Description&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level&#160;1)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level&#160;2)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level&#160;3)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Assets:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 821,134&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,249&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 818,885&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,031&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 366&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,665&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 839,165&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,249&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 819,251&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,665&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair value measurement at reporting date using&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Quoted Prices in Active&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; as of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Markets for Identical&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant Other&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Unobservable&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Observable Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Description&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level 1)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level 2)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level 3)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Assets:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 291,023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,265&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 288,758&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,110&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 236&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,874&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 301,133&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,265&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 288,994&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,874&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The roll forward of major Level 3 investments are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2021&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25,583&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;New addition&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,575&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;The change in fair value of the investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (9,493)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,665&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;The change in fair value of the investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (7,791)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,874&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;Management determined the fair value of these Level 3 investments based on market approach using various unobservable inputs. The determination of the fair value required significant judgement by management with respect to the assumptions and estimates for the lack of marketability discounts, expected volatility and probability in equity allocation. The significant unobservable inputs adopted in the valuation as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;"&gt;Unobservable Inputs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;40%-63&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;40%-59&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Probability&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Liquidation scenario:35%-45&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Liquidation scenario:38%-40&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Redemption scenario:35%-45&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Redemption scenario:38%-40&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;IPO scenario:10%-30&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;IPO scenario:20%-25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents include cash in bank and time deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions which have original maturities of three&#160;months or less at the time of purchase and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(g)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Restricted Cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Restricted cash represents cash that cannot be withdrawn without the permission of third parties. The Group&#x2019;s restricted cash is substantially cash balance on deposit required by its business partners and commercial banks. The restricted cash balance as of December 31, 2021 was related to deposits for foreign currency forward contracts, and were subsequently released from the restriction in January 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Short-term investments are comprised of i) time deposits placed with banks with original maturities longer than three months but less than one year, ii) time deposits placed with bank with original maturities longer than one year which are transferable and the Group has intention to sell within one year, iii) structured deposits issued by banks which contains fixed or variable interest with original maturities within one year, and iv) equity securities with readily determinable fair value which the Group has intention and ability to sell within one year. The time deposits are generally not permitted to be redeemed early or are subject to penalties for redemption prior to maturities. These investments are stated at fair value. Changes in the fair value are reflected in financial income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Accounts Receivable, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Accounts receivables are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, &#x201c;Financial Instruments&#x2014;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments&#x201d; (&#x201c;ASC Topic 326&#x201d;), which creates an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The Company adopted the accounting standards update using a modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption of the new standard on January 1, 2023, the Company recorded a net decrease to its retained earnings of US$460.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s accounts receivable, notes receivable, certain other receivables recorded in prepayments and other current assets and other non-current assets, and deposits and U.S. treasury securities are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. To estimate the allowance for current expected credit losses (&#x201c;CECL&#x201d;), the Company has identified the relevant risk characteristics of its customers and the related receivables which include but are not limited to geographic region and industry. Receivables with similar risk characteristics have been grouped into pools. For each pool, the Company considers the past collection history, future forecasts and macroeconomic factors. Other key factors that influence the CECL analysis include industry-specific factors and certain qualitative adjustments that could impact the Company&#x2019;s receivables. This is assessed at each period end based on the Company&#x2019;s specific facts and circumstances. There have been no significant impact of changes in the assumptions since adoption. The Group recorded the total allowance for credit losses of US$1,595 and write off the allowance for credit losses of US$304 under ASU 2016-13 Financial instruments &#x2013; credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Notes receivable are primarily bank acceptance notes. The Group accepts bank acceptance notes from customers for products sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. Bank acceptance notes are negotiable instruments with cash settlement from commercial banks within 6 months. Upon receipt of the bank acceptance notes, the Group&#x2019;s accounts receivable from the customer is derecognized. The bank acceptance notes can also be endorsed to suppliers as settlement of accounts payable. Bank acceptance notes of nil , nil, and US$670 were endorsed to suppliers for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The Group sells bank acceptance notes to financial institutions without recourse in the normal course of business through factoring arrangements. These bank acceptance notes transferred without recourse were US$13,814, US$4,620 and nil for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 respectively, and were derecognized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Inventories are comprised of finished goods, work in process, raw materials and low value consumables and spare parts. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving and obsolete inventories, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group applies ASC 842, Leases and determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are primarily for office and warehouse and are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, net, operating lease liabilities, current and operating lease liabilities, non-current on its consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Group&#x2019;s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent obligation to make lease payment arising from the lease. The operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payment over the lease term. As most of the Group&#x2019;s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. The Group&#x2019;s lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Renewal options are considered within the operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;For operating leases with a term of one year or less, the Group has elected not to recognize a lease liability or lease right of use asset on its consolidated balance sheets. Instead, it recognizes the lease payment as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Short-term lease costs are immaterial to its consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The Group has operating lease agreements with insignificant non-lease components and have elected the practical expedient to combine and account for lease and non-lease components as single lease component.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Internal-Use&#160;Software Development Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group recognizes its&#160;internal-use&#160;software development costs related to its IoT cloud platform functions, including related website, software and mobile applications in accordance with ASC&#160;350-50&#160;&#x201d;Website development costs&#x201d; and ASC&#160;350-40&#160;&#x201d;Internal-use&#160;software&#x201d;. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation operating activities are expensed as incurred. Cost capitalized for developing IoT cloud platform functions were not material for the periods presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(m)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, Equipment and Software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;Property, equipment and software are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment loss, if any. Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives, taking into account any estimated residual value:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:95%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Leasehold improvements&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;the shorter of their useful lives and the lease terms&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Computers and electronic equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;3 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;3 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Software&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;3 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred, whereas the costs of renewals and improvements that extend the useful lives of property, equipment and software are capitalized as additions to the related assets. The Group recognized the gain or loss on the disposal of property, equipment and software in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Construction in progress represents assets under construction. Construction in progress is transferred to property, equipment and software and depreciation or amortization commences when an asset is ready for its intended use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Long-term Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Long-term investments represent the Group&#x2019;s equity security investments, debt security investments and time deposits in the periods presented: i) Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded using a measurement alternative that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes, recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; ii) Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis with changes in fair value, whether realized or unrealized, recorded in financial income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; iii) Debt security investments that have readily determinable fair value, are accounted for as available-for-sale security investments and are recognized based on trade date and carried at estimated fair value with the aggregate unrealized gains and losses related to these investments, net of taxes, reported through other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; iv) Time deposits placed with bank with original maturities longer than one year which are not transferable and accounted for at amortised cost; v) U.S. treasury securities with original maturities of two to three years are accounted for at amortised cost, and interest income is recognized using the effective interest method adjusted periodically based on changes in estimated cash flows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;An investment in available-for-sale debt security is considered impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. To determine the amount of impairment related to credit, the Group compares the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected on the available-for-sale debt security with the security&#x2019;s amortized cost basis. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the security&#x2019;s amortized cost basis, a credit-related impairment exists, and the difference should be recorded as an allowance for credit losses through net income.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Impairment of Long-lived Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;For other long-lived assets including property, equipment and software and other&#160;non-current&#160;assets, the Group evaluates for impairment whenever events or changes (triggering events) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. The Group assesses the recoverability of the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to receive from use of the assets and their eventual disposition. Such assets are considered to be impaired if the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets. The impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;No impairment charges were recognized for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Value Added Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s subsidiaries and the VIE in the PRC are subject to value-added taxes (&#x201c;VAT&#x201d;) on its products and services, less any deductible VAT the Group has already paid or borne. They are also subject to surcharges on VAT payments in accordance with PRC law. VAT is not included in the revenue recognized for the Group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s two subsidiaries, Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd. obtained their software copy certificate in July and December 2020, respectively, and are eligible for the VAT refund-upon-collection policy, which entitles Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Tuya Smart Electronics Co., Ltd. to receive relevant refunds for the amount of VAT in excess of 3% of its actual tax burden upon completion of relevant the VAT refund filling process. The VAT refund received is recorded in other operating incomes, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, VAT refunds received by the Company was US$8,919, US$6,211 and US$7,037, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Revenue Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) for all periods presented. According to ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Group determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1)&#160;identify the contract(s)&#160;with a customer, (2)&#160;identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3)&#160;determine the transaction price, (4)&#160;allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5)&#160;recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of the goods or services provided.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Revenue is recorded net of value-added tax.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s revenue was disaggregated by its major revenue streams in the&#160;years presented as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;IoT PaaS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 261,360&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 152,914&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 167,694&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Smart device distribution&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 22,153&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 25,446&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 26,517&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;SaaS and others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,563&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 29,812&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 35,779&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 302,076&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,172&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 229,990&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;I. Revenue from IoT PaaS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;IoT PaaS combines cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, edge capabilities (embedded in modules), app development, and device optimization solutions. The Company determined there are two distinct performance obligations in the delivery of IoT PaaS products including: (1) IoT PaaS products with edge capabilities, app development and device optimization solutions, and; (2) cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services provided to customers and end consumers. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price for IoT PaaS products is estimated based on the competitor&#x2019;s pricing for similar products in the market, adjusted for entity-specific factors. As the standalone selling price of the cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services is not directly observable, it is estimated by the Group by using an expected cost plus a margin approach. Key areas of judgment include the selection of relevant cloud and other costs necessary to satisfy the performance obligation and estimated profit margins. For the delivery of IoT PaaS product, revenue is recognized when IoT PaaS products are accepted by customers, which is the point that control of the product is transferred to the customers. A receivable is recognized when the IoT PaaS products are delivered and accepted by customers as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional. For cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, revenue is deferred and subsequently recognized from the end consumer&#x2019;s activation to the end of the estimated IoT PaaS product&#x2019;s life cycle on a straight-line basis. Based on the Group&#x2019;s historical information, activation occurs, on average, an estimated 6 months after the IoT PaaS products are delivered to customers. The length of life cycle of the IoT PaaS products is estimated based on the historical data in previous years and by referencing the life cycle of different smart devices (e.g. lighting, security and monitoring devices) which ranged from &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_JuBSyZ3KbEqEBKPY6fKJjQ;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;1.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to 2 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Return allowances for IoT PaaS products are estimated based on historical experiences and accounted for as reduction of net revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group provides sales rebates to its customers from time to time, which is accounted for as reduction of net revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group started a membership program (the &#x201c;2019 Membership Program&#x201d;) in the fourth quarter of 2019. In the 2019 Membership Program, customers pay a fixed fee in exchange for IoT PaaS discount, VIP technical support, valued added services (&#x201c;VAS&#x201d; i.e., customized app development), and free participation in promotional activities. The promise to provide for technical support related services, the promotion related services and VAS are considered immaterial promises in the contract and are not considered distinct performance obligations. The membership fee is refundable if the volume requirements are met when the membership period ends. The Group historically generally refunds the membership fees even if the volume requirements are not met. Therefore, the Group does not expect being able to keep any of the membership fees and such fees are recorded as a refund liability under the 2019 Membership Program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group launched a new membership program (the &#x201c;2020 Membership Program&#x201d;) in the fourth quarter of 2020 and no longer offered 2019 Membership Program ever since. In the 2020 Membership Program, customers pay a non-refundable fixed fee in exchange for member-exclusive IoT PaaS discounts within the membership period of typically 12 months. The Group records the upfront fixed membership fee as a deferred revenue and recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis typically over the &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_MzXIh0HTNk2O6JqB5QeNGw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-month membership period in which customers entitle to the membership.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group replaced 2019 Membership Program and 2020 Membership program with a new membership program (&#x201c;2023 Membership Program&#x201d;) in the first quarter of 2023. In the 2023 Membership Program, the customers are offered to choose either i) pay an upfront fixed fee in exchange for price discount in future purchases (the &#x201c;Deposit scheme&#x201d;), or ii) enjoy sales rebates based upon purchase achieved without paying any upfront fees (the &#x201c;Rebate scheme&#x201d;) with the membership period of typically 12 months. Under Deposit scheme, the upfront fee are refundable only if the volume requirements are met when the membership period ends. Considering past experience and current forecast, the Group does not expect being able to keep any of the membership fees and such fees are recorded as a refund liability. Under the Rebate schedule, sales rebates are estimated based on the past experience and current forecasts and recognized as the customers make progress towards the purchase threshold. The sales rebates are accounted for as reduction of net sales.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt;II. Revenue from smart device distribution&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In certain circumstances, the Group offers select brands, primarily customers who prefer not to deal with multiple OEMs, an option to purchase directly from the Group finished smart devices where IoT PaaS is deployed. After the brands place purchase orders directly with the Group, the Group then sources the appropriate smart devices from OEMs based on the type of devices, hardware specifications and other metrics. The Group determines that there are two distinct performance obligations for its smart device distribution including the (1)&#160;smart devices embedded with IoT PaaS; and (2)&#160;cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services. The transaction price allocation and revenue recognition are the same as the revenue from IoT PaaS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group presents the revenue generated from its smart device distribution on a gross basis as the Group has control of the smart devices before they are transferred to the brand customers. In making this determination, the Group concludes it meets the principles of control and that it is the primary obligor to the brand customers, are subject to inventory risk and have latitude in establishing prices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt;III. Revenue from SaaS and others&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;SaaS and other revenue mainly include industry SaaS, customized software development and configuration, and other VAS to both business customers and the end consumers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Industry SaaS is a vertical-focused software solution that enables businesses to easily and securely deploy, connect, and manage large numbers of smart devices for which the Group generally charges an annual subscription fee. These services include software authorization and standard SaaS platform maintenances and technical support.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Customized software development and configuration mainly relate to contracts for the specific IT needs of the brands. The contracts generally include fixed milestone payments determined based on expected labor hours to complete the milestone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;VAS primarily includes complementary services that are provided to brands and OEMs such as app launch,&#160;AI-powered&#160;virtual voice assistants, and data analytics and others. Such arrangements with the customers are short term and the performance obligations are satisfied at one point of time. VAS also include cloud-based services for the end customers such as IoT data storage, push messaging, object detection and digital content.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;There are different kinds of contracts included in the SaaS and others, and each contract may contain multiple elements. The Group identifies the distinct performance obligations and allocates transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on relative estimated standalone selling price. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations are satisfied, which is either over the period of time in which the Group performs these services or at one point of time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Remaining performance obligations&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The remaining performance obligations primarily relate to the Group&#x2019;s provision of i) cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services; ii) membership services; and iii) SaaS and others, and all three of them are included in deferred revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The amounts allocated to the cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated IoT PaaS product&#x2019;s life cycle. The Group apportions deferred revenue between current and&#160;non-current&#160;based upon cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services to be provided over the life cycle of smart devices. Deferred revenue relating to the Group&#x2019;s cloud services that have an expiration date of less than 12&#160;months are classified as current, otherwise&#160;non-current.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Starting from the fourth quarter of 2020, there are i) upfront fixed membership fee received and recorded as part of the deferred revenue, it is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis typically over the &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_k_EJaR-UF0SOd5UMABkcHg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-month membership period in which customers are entitled to the membership; and ii) amounts related to providing industry SaaS (included in SaaS and others), in general, the Company charges annual subscription fee, which is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis typically over the &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_hOHk7Cb_lEaIsVpdY5kWgw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-month service period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations was US$7,215 and US$7,308, respectively, of which US$6,821 and US$6,802 were recorded in current deferred revenue while US$394 and US$506 were recorded in non-current deferred revenue, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s contract liability, including both deferred revenue and advances from customers, is US$34,848 and as US$39,084 of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group applies the practical expedient to omit disclosure of information about the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations and when revenue will be recognized, for contracts which have a duration of one&#160;year or less. The remaining amounts recorded in&#160;non-current&#160;deferred revenue of US$394 and US$506 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, would likely be recognized within 18 to 36 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group provides warranty for IoT PaaS and smart device distribution mainly for one&#160;year. The Group accrues a warranty reserve for all IoT PaaS and smart device distribution, which include the Group&#x2019;s best estimate of the projected costs to repair or replace items under warranties. These estimates are based on actual claims incurred to date and an estimate of the nature, frequency and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain given the Group&#x2019;s history of sales, and changes to the historical or projected warranty experience may cause material changes to the warranty reserve when the Group accumulates more actual data and experience in the future. The warranty reserve expected to be incurred is included within accruals and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(r)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Advances from Customers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Amounts recorded in the advances from customers account represent cash payments made upfront by the Group&#x2019;s customers under each sales contract. These amounts are not yet reclassified to the deferred revenue account because the Group has not started to fulfil any of its performance obligations identified under the contract at the time. The amounts in the advances from customers are reclassified to either revenue or deferred revenue when the Group commences fulfilment of its performance obligation, depending on whether respective revenue is to be recognized at one point of time or over the period of time. If the Group fulfils its performance obligation at one point of time, the related amount in the advances from customers will be reclassified and recognized as revenue; whereas for the performance obligation that the Group starts to provide over the period of time, the amount in the advances from customers will be reclassified to deferred revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(s)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Cost of Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Cost of revenue consists primarily of purchase price of materials, manufacturing charges from outsourced factories, estimated warranty costs, inventories write-downs, payroll cost of production support personnel and third-party cloud infrastructure expenses that are directly attributable to the sales of products or services rendered. Inbound shipping charges to receive raw materials from suppliers are included in the inventories and recognized as cost of revenues upon sale of products and render of services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(t)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Research and Development Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for research and development personnel, third-party cloud infrastructure expenses incurred for research and development purposes, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with research and development functions. The Group accounts for internal use software development costs in accordance with guidance on intangible assets and internal use software. See Note 2(l)&#x2014; Internal-Use Software Development Costs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(u)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Sales and Marketing Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for sales and marketing personnel, promotion and marketing expenses, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with sales and marketing functions. Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs for the promotion of the Group&#x2019;s corporate image and product marketing. The Group expenses all advertising costs as incurred and classifies these costs under sales and marketing expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, advertising and marketing costs totalled US$13,637, US$5,355 and US$4,867, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;General and Administrative Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll cost including share-based compensation expenses for corporate personnel, current expected credit loss, general office expenses, rental expenses and depreciation and other expenses in associated with general and administrative functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(w)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Government Grants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Government grants are recognized as other operating incomes, net, or as a reduction of specific costs and expenses for which the grants are intended to compensate. Such amounts are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss upon receipts as all conditions attached to the grants are fulfilled. Government grants included as other operating incomes, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss amounted to US$10,423, US$10,350 and US$10,975 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(x)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Employee Social Security and Welfare Benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Employees of the Group in the PRC are entitled to staff welfare benefits including pension, work-related injury benefits, maternity insurance, medical insurance, unemployment benefit and housing fund plans through a PRC government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to contribute to the plan based on certain&#160;percentages of the employees&#x2019; salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The PRC government is responsible for the medical benefits and the pension liability to be paid to these employees and the Group&#x2019;s obligations are limited to the amounts contributed and no legal obligation beyond the contributions made. Employee social security and welfare benefits included as expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss amounted to US$42,944, US$44,505 and US$27,296 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(y)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Current income taxes are recorded in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdiction. The Group accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Income Tax. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences attributable to differences between carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their respective tax basis, and operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss in the period of change. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that amount of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group considers positive and negative evidence when determining whether a portion or all of its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, its experience with tax attributes expiring unused, and its tax planning strategies. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law and during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. When assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, the Group has considered possible sources of taxable income including (i)&#160;future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (ii)&#160;future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carry-forwards, (iii)&#160;future taxable income arising from implementing tax planning strategies, and (iv)&#160;specific known trend of profits expected to be reflected within the industry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s tax positions are subject to income tax audits by multiple tax jurisdictions throughout the world. The Group recognizes a tax benefit associated with an uncertain tax position when, in its judgment, it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. For a tax position that meets&#160;the-more-likely-than-not&#160;recognition threshold, the Group initially and subsequently measures the tax benefit as the largest amount that the Group judges to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The Group&#x2019;s liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law developments and new or emerging legislation. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in the period in which they are identified. The Group&#x2019;s effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and subsequent adjustments as considered appropriate by management. The Group classifies interest and penalties recognized on the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. For the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, there were no uncertain tax position liabilities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(z)&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company grants restricted shares to the Registered Shareholders (also as key member of management), share options and Restricted Share Units (&#x201c;RSUs&#x201d;) of the Company to eligible employees and non-employees. The Company accounts for these share-based awards in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation-Stock Compensation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Registered Shareholders and employees&#x2019; share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses using a straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. For share-based awards granted with only service conditions to its PRC employees, the Group allows accelerated full vesting upon occurrence of a Change in Control (including defined in the Group&#x2019;s Equity Incentive Plan), cumulative share-based compensation expenses for the share-based awards should be recorded upon the completion of the Change in Control.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;For non-employees&#x2019; share-based awards, the Group adopted ASU&#160;2018-07&#160;&#x201d;Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting&#x201d; for the periods presented. In accordance with ASU&#160;2018-07,&#160;it clarifies that equity-classified non-employee share-based awards are measured at the grant date. The definition of the term grant date is amended to generally state the date at which a grantor and a grantee reach a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. Non-employee share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses using a straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The binomial option-pricing model is used to measure the value of share options. The determination of the fair value is affected by the fair value of the ordinary shares as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility, actual and projected employee and nonemployee share option exercise behaviour, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yield. Binomial option-pricing model incorporates the assumptions about grantees&#x2019; future exercise patterns. The fair value of these awards was determined by management with the assistance from an independent valuation firm using management&#x2019;s estimates and assumptions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The assumptions used in share-based compensation expense recognition represent management&#x2019;s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and application of management judgment. If factors change or different assumptions are used, the share-based compensation expenses could be materially different for any period. Moreover, the estimates of fair value of the awards are not intended to predict actual future events or the value that ultimately will be realized by grantees who receive share-based awards. In accordance with ASU&#160;2016-09,&#160;the Group made an entity-wide accounting policy election to account for forfeitures when they occur.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;(aa)&#160;&#160;Treasury stocks &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Treasury stocks are accounted for using the cost method. Under this method, the cost incurred to purchase the shares is recorded in the treasury stocks account on the consolidated balance sheets. When the Company reissues treasury stock at an amount greater or less than it paid to repurchase the shares, the realized gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders&#x2019; (deficit)/equity. At retirement and cancellation of the treasury shares, the ordinary shares account is charged only for the aggregate par value of the shares. The excess of the acquisition cost of treasury shares over the aggregate par value is allocated between additional paid-in capital (up to the amount credited to the additional paid-in capital upon original issuance of the shares) and retained earnings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;(ab)&#160;&#160;Loss per Share &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period using the&#160;two-class&#160;method. Under the&#160;two-class&#160;method, the net loss is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. Net loss is not allocated to other participating securities if based on their contractual terms they are not obligated to share in the loss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalents shares outstanding during the&#160;year. Dilutive equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive. Ordinary share equivalents consist of the ordinary shares issuable in connection with the Group&#x2019;s ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of the share-based awards, using the treasury stock method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;(ac) Comprehensive Loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Comprehensive loss is defined as the changes in equity of the Group during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from shareholders and distributions to shareholders. Comprehensive loss for the periods presented includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;(ad)&#160;&#160;Segment Reporting&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise engaging in businesses activities for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Group&#x2019;s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Group&#x2019;s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated results including revenue, gross profit and operating profit at a consolidated level only. The Group does not distinguish between markets for the purpose of making decisions about resources allocation and performance assessment. As the Group&#x2019;s long-lived assets are substantially located in the PRC and substantially all the Group&#x2019;s revenue are derived from within the PRC, no geographical segments are presented. Hence, the Group has only one operating segment and one reportable segment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;(ae)&#160;&#160;Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group qualifies as an &#x201c;emerging growth company&#x201d;, or EGC, pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act. As an EGC, the Group does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. The Group adopts the following standards based on extended transition period provided to private companies or early adopts as necessary as permitted by the respective standards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;New and Amended Standards Adopted by the Group&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments&#x2014;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (&#x201c;ASU 2016-13&#x201d;), which replaces the current incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (&#x201c;CECL&#x201d;) methodology which changes how entities measure credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. The Company adopted this new accounting standard on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including accounts receivable, notes receivable, certain other receivables recorded in prepayments and other current assets and other non-current assets, and deposits and U.S. treasury securities are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. The cumulative-effect adjustment recorded a net decrease to opening accumulated deficit of US$460 as of January 1, 2023 related to additional allowance for current expected credit losses on doubtful accounts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;For additional information, see accounting policy (i) above.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;New and Amended Standards not yet Adopted by the Group&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands the breadth and frequency of required segment disclosures. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires that all public entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) disclose the year-to-date amount of income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w"
      id="Tb_gMsY4RR670a1u4smNSvbVA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of Preparation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#x201c;U.S. GAAP&#x201d;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Principal accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock
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      id="Tb_RmT6z3L8eUe3G_lwcovYeA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of Consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, and the VIE have been eliminated upon consolidation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;A subsidiary is an entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly: (1)&#160;controls more than one half of the voting power; (2)&#160;has the power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; (3)&#160;casts a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors; or (4)&#160;governs the financial and operating policies of the investee under a statute or agreement among the shareholders or equity holders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company applies the guidance codified in Accounting Standard Codification 810, Consolidations (&#x201c;ASC 810&#x201d;) on accounting for the VIE, which requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity in which it has a controlling financial interest. A VIE is an entity with one or more of the following characteristics: (a)&#160;the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support; (b)&#160;as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack the ability to make certain decisions, the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns, or (c)&#160;an equity investor has voting rights that are disproportionate to its economic interest and substantially all of the entity&#x2019;s activities are on behalf of the investor.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:UseOfEstimates
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w"
      id="Tb_Pst-gb6vS0yFyh6GtOqyiQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Use of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The preparation of the Group&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, long-lived assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Accounting estimates reflected in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to impairment provision for inventories, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, stand-alone selling prices (SSP) for each distinct performance obligation, the valuation of ordinary shares, share-based compensation, long-term investments, and the determination of allowance for current expected credit losses. Estimates are based on historical experiences and on various assumptions that the Group believes are reasonable under current circumstances. Given the changes in circumstances, facts and experience may cause the Group to revise its estimates, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w"
      id="Tb_Jrr6XTKeWEmOjsK3Ee_9MQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Translation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group uses United States dollar as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated in Cayman Islands and Hong Kong is the United States dollar, while the functional currency of the Group&#x2019;s other subsidiaries and VIE is their respective local currency as determined based on the criteria of ASC 830,&#160;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Foreign Currency Matters&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are re-measured into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Financial assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are re-measured at the balance sheet date exchange rate. The resulting exchange differences are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as foreign exchange related gains or loss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The financial statements of the Group&#x2019;s entities using functional currency other than US$ are translated from the functional currency to the reporting currency, US$. Assets and liabilities of the Group&#x2019;s subsidiaries incorporated in PRC are translated into US$ at fiscal year-end exchange rates, while income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during each period presented, representing the index rates stipulated by the People&#x2019;s Bank of China. Translation adjustments arising from these are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of shareholders&#x2019; equity on the consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w"
      id="Tb_3Hyiz8IoC0mNSQYNQy4qfQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument&#x2019;s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:12pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1)&#160;market approach; (2)&#160;income approach and (3)&#160;cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Financial assets and liabilities of the Group mainly consist of cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, equity securities, account receivables, notes receivable, derivative instruments, certain other current assets, U.S. treasury securities, available-for-sale debt securities, account payables and certain accruals and other liabilities. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, except for time deposits, derivative instruments, equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities, the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated their fair values due to their short-term maturity. The Group reports equity securities with readily determinable fair values included in short-term investments at fair value and discloses the fair value of these investments based on level 1 measurement. The Group reports time deposits included in short-term investments, derivative instruments and equity securities with readily determinable fair value included in long-term investments at fair value, and discloses their fair value based on level 2 measurement. The Group reports available-for-sale debt securities at fair value and discloses the fair value of these investments based on level 3 measurement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The following table sets forth the Group&#x2019;s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair&#160;value&#160;measurement&#160;at&#160;reporting&#160;date&#160;using&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair&#160;value&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Quoted&#160;Prices&#160;in&#160;Active&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;as&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Markets&#160;for&#160;Identical&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant&#160;Other&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Unobservable&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Assets&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Observable&#160;Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Description&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level&#160;1)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level&#160;2)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level&#160;3)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Assets:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 821,134&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,249&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 818,885&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,031&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 366&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,665&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 839,165&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,249&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 819,251&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,665&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair value measurement at reporting date using&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Quoted Prices in Active&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; as of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Markets for Identical&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant Other&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Unobservable&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Observable Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Description&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level 1)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level 2)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level 3)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Assets:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 291,023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,265&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 288,758&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,110&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 236&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,874&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 301,133&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,265&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 288,994&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,874&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The roll forward of major Level 3 investments are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2021&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25,583&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;New addition&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,575&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;The change in fair value of the investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (9,493)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,665&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;The change in fair value of the investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (7,791)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.71%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,874&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;Management determined the fair value of these Level 3 investments based on market approach using various unobservable inputs. The determination of the fair value required significant judgement by management with respect to the assumptions and estimates for the lack of marketability discounts, expected volatility and probability in equity allocation. The significant unobservable inputs adopted in the valuation as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;"&gt;Unobservable Inputs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;40%-63&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;40%-59&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Probability&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Liquidation scenario:35%-45&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Liquidation scenario:38%-40&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Redemption scenario:35%-45&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Redemption scenario:38%-40&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;IPO scenario:10%-30&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;IPO scenario:20%-25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock
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      id="Tb_119hxrNYMkC61zqnsl_m6Q">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair&#160;value&#160;measurement&#160;at&#160;reporting&#160;date&#160;using&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair&#160;value&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Quoted&#160;Prices&#160;in&#160;Active&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;as&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Markets&#160;for&#160;Identical&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant&#160;Other&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Unobservable&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Assets&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Observable&#160;Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Description&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level&#160;1)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level&#160;2)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level&#160;3)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Assets:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 821,134&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,249&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 818,885&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.18%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,031&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 366&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,665&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.18%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 839,165&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,249&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 819,251&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,665&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair value measurement at reporting date using&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Quoted Prices in Active&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; as of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Markets for Identical&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Significant Other&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Unobservable&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Observable Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Inputs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Description&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level 1)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level 2)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(Level 3)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p 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style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 291,023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,265&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 288,758&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,110&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 236&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,874&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;"&gt;Unobservable Inputs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;40%-63&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;40%-59&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Redemption scenario:35%-45&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Redemption scenario:38%-40&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 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Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives, taking into account any estimated residual value:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:95%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span 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The Group recognized the gain or loss on the disposal of property, equipment and software in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Construction in progress represents assets under construction. Construction in progress is transferred to property, equipment and software and depreciation or amortization commences when an asset is ready for its intended use.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_oZ0qtoIB2EKeVJF8515_eQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Revenue Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) for all periods presented. According to ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Group determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1)&#160;identify the contract(s)&#160;with a customer, (2)&#160;identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3)&#160;determine the transaction price, (4)&#160;allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5)&#160;recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of the goods or services provided.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Revenue is recorded net of value-added tax.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s revenue was disaggregated by its major revenue streams in the&#160;years presented as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;IoT PaaS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 261,360&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 152,914&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 167,694&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Smart device distribution&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 22,153&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 25,446&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 26,517&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;SaaS and others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,563&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 29,812&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 35,779&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 302,076&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,172&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 229,990&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;I. Revenue from IoT PaaS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;IoT PaaS combines cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, edge capabilities (embedded in modules), app development, and device optimization solutions. The Company determined there are two distinct performance obligations in the delivery of IoT PaaS products including: (1) IoT PaaS products with edge capabilities, app development and device optimization solutions, and; (2) cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services provided to customers and end consumers. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price for IoT PaaS products is estimated based on the competitor&#x2019;s pricing for similar products in the market, adjusted for entity-specific factors. As the standalone selling price of the cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services is not directly observable, it is estimated by the Group by using an expected cost plus a margin approach. Key areas of judgment include the selection of relevant cloud and other costs necessary to satisfy the performance obligation and estimated profit margins. For the delivery of IoT PaaS product, revenue is recognized when IoT PaaS products are accepted by customers, which is the point that control of the product is transferred to the customers. A receivable is recognized when the IoT PaaS products are delivered and accepted by customers as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional. For cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services, revenue is deferred and subsequently recognized from the end consumer&#x2019;s activation to the end of the estimated IoT PaaS product&#x2019;s life cycle on a straight-line basis. Based on the Group&#x2019;s historical information, activation occurs, on average, an estimated 6 months after the IoT PaaS products are delivered to customers. The length of life cycle of the IoT PaaS products is estimated based on the historical data in previous years and by referencing the life cycle of different smart devices (e.g. lighting, security and monitoring devices) which ranged from &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_JuBSyZ3KbEqEBKPY6fKJjQ;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;1.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to 2 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Return allowances for IoT PaaS products are estimated based on historical experiences and accounted for as reduction of net revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group provides sales rebates to its customers from time to time, which is accounted for as reduction of net revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group started a membership program (the &#x201c;2019 Membership Program&#x201d;) in the fourth quarter of 2019. In the 2019 Membership Program, customers pay a fixed fee in exchange for IoT PaaS discount, VIP technical support, valued added services (&#x201c;VAS&#x201d; i.e., customized app development), and free participation in promotional activities. The promise to provide for technical support related services, the promotion related services and VAS are considered immaterial promises in the contract and are not considered distinct performance obligations. The membership fee is refundable if the volume requirements are met when the membership period ends. The Group historically generally refunds the membership fees even if the volume requirements are not met. Therefore, the Group does not expect being able to keep any of the membership fees and such fees are recorded as a refund liability under the 2019 Membership Program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group launched a new membership program (the &#x201c;2020 Membership Program&#x201d;) in the fourth quarter of 2020 and no longer offered 2019 Membership Program ever since. In the 2020 Membership Program, customers pay a non-refundable fixed fee in exchange for member-exclusive IoT PaaS discounts within the membership period of typically 12 months. The Group records the upfront fixed membership fee as a deferred revenue and recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis typically over the &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_MzXIh0HTNk2O6JqB5QeNGw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-month membership period in which customers entitle to the membership.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group replaced 2019 Membership Program and 2020 Membership program with a new membership program (&#x201c;2023 Membership Program&#x201d;) in the first quarter of 2023. In the 2023 Membership Program, the customers are offered to choose either i) pay an upfront fixed fee in exchange for price discount in future purchases (the &#x201c;Deposit scheme&#x201d;), or ii) enjoy sales rebates based upon purchase achieved without paying any upfront fees (the &#x201c;Rebate scheme&#x201d;) with the membership period of typically 12 months. Under Deposit scheme, the upfront fee are refundable only if the volume requirements are met when the membership period ends. Considering past experience and current forecast, the Group does not expect being able to keep any of the membership fees and such fees are recorded as a refund liability. Under the Rebate schedule, sales rebates are estimated based on the past experience and current forecasts and recognized as the customers make progress towards the purchase threshold. The sales rebates are accounted for as reduction of net sales.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt;II. Revenue from smart device distribution&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In certain circumstances, the Group offers select brands, primarily customers who prefer not to deal with multiple OEMs, an option to purchase directly from the Group finished smart devices where IoT PaaS is deployed. After the brands place purchase orders directly with the Group, the Group then sources the appropriate smart devices from OEMs based on the type of devices, hardware specifications and other metrics. The Group determines that there are two distinct performance obligations for its smart device distribution including the (1)&#160;smart devices embedded with IoT PaaS; and (2)&#160;cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services. The transaction price allocation and revenue recognition are the same as the revenue from IoT PaaS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group presents the revenue generated from its smart device distribution on a gross basis as the Group has control of the smart devices before they are transferred to the brand customers. In making this determination, the Group concludes it meets the principles of control and that it is the primary obligor to the brand customers, are subject to inventory risk and have latitude in establishing prices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt;III. Revenue from SaaS and others&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;SaaS and other revenue mainly include industry SaaS, customized software development and configuration, and other VAS to both business customers and the end consumers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Industry SaaS is a vertical-focused software solution that enables businesses to easily and securely deploy, connect, and manage large numbers of smart devices for which the Group generally charges an annual subscription fee. These services include software authorization and standard SaaS platform maintenances and technical support.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Customized software development and configuration mainly relate to contracts for the specific IT needs of the brands. The contracts generally include fixed milestone payments determined based on expected labor hours to complete the milestone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;VAS primarily includes complementary services that are provided to brands and OEMs such as app launch,&#160;AI-powered&#160;virtual voice assistants, and data analytics and others. Such arrangements with the customers are short term and the performance obligations are satisfied at one point of time. VAS also include cloud-based services for the end customers such as IoT data storage, push messaging, object detection and digital content.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;There are different kinds of contracts included in the SaaS and others, and each contract may contain multiple elements. The Group identifies the distinct performance obligations and allocates transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on relative estimated standalone selling price. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations are satisfied, which is either over the period of time in which the Group performs these services or at one point of time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Remaining performance obligations&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The remaining performance obligations primarily relate to the Group&#x2019;s provision of i) cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services; ii) membership services; and iii) SaaS and others, and all three of them are included in deferred revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The amounts allocated to the cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated IoT PaaS product&#x2019;s life cycle. The Group apportions deferred revenue between current and&#160;non-current&#160;based upon cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services to be provided over the life cycle of smart devices. Deferred revenue relating to the Group&#x2019;s cloud services that have an expiration date of less than 12&#160;months are classified as current, otherwise&#160;non-current.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Starting from the fourth quarter of 2020, there are i) upfront fixed membership fee received and recorded as part of the deferred revenue, it is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis typically over the &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_k_EJaR-UF0SOd5UMABkcHg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-month membership period in which customers are entitled to the membership; and ii) amounts related to providing industry SaaS (included in SaaS and others), in general, the Company charges annual subscription fee, which is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis typically over the &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_hOHk7Cb_lEaIsVpdY5kWgw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-month service period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations was US$7,215 and US$7,308, respectively, of which US$6,821 and US$6,802 were recorded in current deferred revenue while US$394 and US$506 were recorded in non-current deferred revenue, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s contract liability, including both deferred revenue and advances from customers, is US$34,848 and as US$39,084 of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group applies the practical expedient to omit disclosure of information about the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations and when revenue will be recognized, for contracts which have a duration of one&#160;year or less. The remaining amounts recorded in&#160;non-current&#160;deferred revenue of US$394 and US$506 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, would likely be recognized within 18 to 36 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group provides warranty for IoT PaaS and smart device distribution mainly for one&#160;year. The Group accrues a warranty reserve for all IoT PaaS and smart device distribution, which include the Group&#x2019;s best estimate of the projected costs to repair or replace items under warranties. These estimates are based on actual claims incurred to date and an estimate of the nature, frequency and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain given the Group&#x2019;s history of sales, and changes to the historical or projected warranty experience may cause material changes to the warranty reserve when the Group accumulates more actual data and experience in the future. The warranty reserve expected to be incurred is included within accruals and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock>
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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;IoT PaaS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 261,360&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 152,914&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 167,694&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Smart device distribution&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 26,517&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;SaaS and others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 35,779&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 302,076&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,172&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#32406b;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 229,990&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_c3TU8AuUMkiPiLnEklKiVA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Risks and Concentration&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;(a)&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;Concentration of Credit Risk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and notes receivable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group deposits its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments with major financial institutions which the Group believes that no significant credit risk with high credit quality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group has not experienced any significant recoverability issue with respect to its accounts receivable. The Group assesses the creditworthiness of each customer when providing services and may require the customers to make advance payments or a deposit before the services are rendered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Concentration of Customers and Suppliers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;There are no customers from whom revenues individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues of the Group in any of the periods presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;Suppliers contributed more than 10% of total purchases are as below:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.8%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year ended December 31, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;border-bottom:1px solid 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 15&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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      id="Tb_iftvW_bCI0uNwiaoeNveyg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"&gt;4.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term Investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Time deposits&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 818,885&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 288,758&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Equity securities with readily determinable fair value (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,249&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,265&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"&gt;Total short-term investments  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 821,134&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 291,023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Starting from July 2021, the Group, from time to time, invested in ordinary shares of a listed company and disposed of portion of the investments. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Group recorded fair value losses on short-term equity investment of US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$1,998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;, US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$2,056&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; and gains of US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$54&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;, respectively, in financial income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. This investment is classified as equity securities with readily determinable fair values.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:InvestmentTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_b7bH6OWqVkO3c-wBkjEvWg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Time deposits&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 818,885&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 288,758&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Equity securities with readily determinable fair value (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,249&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,265&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"&gt;Total short-term investments  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 821,134&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 291,023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Starting from July 2021, the Group, from time to time, invested in ordinary shares of a listed company and disposed of portion of the investments. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Group recorded fair value losses on short-term equity investment of US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$1,998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;, US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$2,056&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; and gains of US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$54&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;, respectively, in financial income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. 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      id="Tb_oNQ02l3WVUKOzfRwEmB5wg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"&gt;5.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Accounts Receivable, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Accounts receivable, gross&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,955&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,581&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Less: allowance for doubtful accounts / allowance for credit losses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (1,783)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (3,367)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total accounts receivable, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,172&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,214&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group recorded the allowance for doubtful accounts of US$1,030 and US$288 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group recorded the allowance for credit losses of US$1,530 and write off the allowance for credit losses of US$304 under ASU 2016-13 Financial instruments &#x2013; credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock>
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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Accounts receivable, gross&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,955&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,581&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Less: allowance for doubtful accounts / allowance for credit losses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (1,783)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (3,367)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total accounts receivable, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,172&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,214&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock>
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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Raw materials&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 44,225&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 30,620&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Work in process&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,237&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,222&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Finished goods&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,183&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,177&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Low value consumables and spare parts&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 153&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 144&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Inventories, gross&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 51,798&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 39,163&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Less: inventory write-downs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (6,418)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (6,298)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total inventories, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 45,380&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 32,865&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As a result of the net impact of current year provision and sales or uses of inventories with reserve, the inventory write-downs net increased US$1,806 and US$4,067 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, and the inventory write-downs net decreased US$13 for the year ended December 31, 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w"
      id="Tb_sM9mA1_ffEid4T7VmFykmg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Raw materials&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 44,225&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 30,620&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Work in process&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,237&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,222&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Finished goods&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,183&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,177&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Low value consumables and spare parts&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 153&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 144&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Inventories, gross&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 51,798&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 39,163&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Less: inventory write-downs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (6,418)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (6,298)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total inventories, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.45%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 45,380&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.48%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 32,865&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">3237000</us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">5177000</us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">144000</us-gaap:OtherInventoriesSpareParts>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">51798000</us-gaap:InventoryGross>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">39163000</us-gaap:InventoryGross>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">6418000</us-gaap:InventoryAdjustments>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">6298000</us-gaap:InventoryAdjustments>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">45380000</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">4067000</tuya:IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">-13000</tuya:IncreaseDecreaseInInventoryWriteDown>
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      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w"
      id="Tb_TF8RAe9Zh06shWmXN2MMTg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;7.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Prepayments and Other Assets, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;The current and&#160;non-current&#160;portions of prepayments and other assets consist of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Advance to suppliers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,980&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,587&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Interest receivable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 284&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,927&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;VAT recoverable (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 810&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,275&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Receivables from third party payment platforms&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 299&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 597&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Rental deposits&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 527&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 532&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Prepayment for share repurchase (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 315&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 852&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 854&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Less: allowance for credit losses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (34)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total prepayments and other current assets, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,752&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,053&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Rental deposits&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,179&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 889&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Less: allowance for credit losses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (12)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total other non-current assets, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,179&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 877&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;VAT recoverable represented the balances that the Group can utilize to deduct its VAT liabilities within the next 12 months.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(2)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, prepayment for share repurchase represented the advanced payment by the Group to a bank engaged by the Group for the Share Repurchase Program (Note 14).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</tuya:PrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_NRiLOh81e0WzDsjA8NzQ9w">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:23.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Advance to suppliers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,980&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,587&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Interest receivable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 284&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,927&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;VAT recoverable (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 810&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,275&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Receivables from third party payment platforms&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 299&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 597&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Rental deposits&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 527&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 532&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Prepayment for share repurchase (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 315&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 852&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 854&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Less: allowance for credit losses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (34)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total prepayments and other current assets, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,752&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,053&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Rental deposits&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,179&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 889&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:74.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Less: allowance for credit losses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (12)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total other non-current assets, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,179&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.69%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 877&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;VAT recoverable represented the balances that the Group can utilize to deduct its VAT liabilities within the next 12 months.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(2)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, prepayment for share repurchase represented the advanced payment by the Group to a bank engaged by the Group for the Share Repurchase Program (Note 14).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_m16J8EYrDkSYSeOWLOEEEQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;8.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, Equipment and Software, net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;Property, equipment and software consist of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cost:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Leasehold improvements&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,389&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,568&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Computers and electronic equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,513&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,273&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 229&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 307&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Software&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 726&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 834&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Construction in progress&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 59&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total cost&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,916&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,982&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (8,089)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (9,393)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total property, equipment and software, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,827&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,589&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Depreciation expense was US$3,369, US$3,443 and US$2,449 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_BvxteWFbzUOXnPjRatL3qg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cost:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Leasehold improvements&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,389&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,568&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Computers and electronic equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,513&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,273&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 229&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 307&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Software&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 726&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 834&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Construction in progress&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 59&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total cost&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,916&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,982&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (8,089)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (9,393)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total property, equipment and software, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,827&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,589&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_lWiFImIi7UyLr3hBKiWhyQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;9.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Long-term Investment &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Time deposit&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 186,751&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Investments in available-for-sale debt securities (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,665&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,874&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;U.S. treasury securities (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,140&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Investments in equity securities accounted for under alternative measurement&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 488&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Investment in an equity security with readily determinable fair values&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 366&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 236&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,031&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 207,489&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the balance represents the Group&#x2019;s shareholding interests of several privately held companies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In August 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB20,000 thousand (equivalent to US$3,092). In September 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB5,000 thousand (equivalent to US$774). In October 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB75,000 thousand (equivalent to US$11,713).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In December 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with total cash consideration of RMB30,640 thousand (equivalent to US$4,672). Prior to the investment, in September 2021, the Group provided a bridge loan to the privately held investee, with principal amount of RMB15,000 thousand (equivalent to US$2,313), which was due within one year. There was a warrant granted to the Group to purchase shares of the customer with pre-agreed valuation cap. This loan arrangement was entered into separately from regular sales business with the customer. In accordance with the bridge loan agreement, the loan was interest free, and the Group was entitled to rights of investments in the customer within certain pre-defined period prior to the loan due dates. In the fourth quarter of 2021, this bridge loan of RMB15,000 thousand (equivalent to US$2,302) was fully converted into an investment in the customer which also included the Group&#x2019;s additional cash consideration of RMB15,640 thousand (equivalent to US$2,459). There was a realized gain of RMB7,860 thousand (equivalent to US$1,218) recorded in financial income, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to the exercise of the warrant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In November 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of two privately held companies with cash considerations of RMB3,000 thousand (equivalent to US$467) and RMB10,000 thousand (equivalent to US$1,571), respectively. In December 2021, the Group acquired a shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB7,139 thousand (equivalent to US$1,120). In March 2022, the Group acquired a shareholding interest in a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB10,000 thousand (equivalent to US$1,575).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As the Group has the right to request each investee to redeem the Group&#x2019;s investments at the Group&#x2019;s investment cost plus interest if the investee fails to meet certain predetermined conditions, the redeemable shares of the investees purchased by the Group were classified as an available-for-sale debt investments and were measured at their respective fair values. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the fair value changes of the Group&#x2019;s investments in these privately held companies were other comprehensive income of US$357 and other comprehensive loss of US$9,493 and US$7,791, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;For two of the aforementioned investment, the Group recorded a credit loss of US$15,537 in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, and transferred out the related investments&#x2019; historical fair value change reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income accordingly, for the years ended December 31, 2023, as a result of the Group&#x2019;s impairment assessment on this investment as of December 31, 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;(2) The Group invested in U.S. treasury securities with original maturities of two to three years in 2023 and accounted for as held-to-maturity treasury securities at amortized cost, for which the allowance for credit losses was immaterial. The carrying amount of U.S. treasury securities approximates their fair value due to the fact that the related effective interest rates approximate rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:InvestmentsAndOtherNoncurrentAssetsTextBlock>
    <tuya:LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w"
      id="Tb_YEUQMuNxrUiulFexmnp7ZA">&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Time deposit&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 186,751&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Investments in available-for-sale debt securities (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,665&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,874&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;U.S. treasury securities (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,140&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Investments in equity securities accounted for under alternative measurement&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 488&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Investment in an equity security with readily determinable fair values&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 366&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 236&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:74.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.22%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,031&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 207,489&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the balance represents the Group&#x2019;s shareholding interests of several privately held companies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In August 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB20,000 thousand (equivalent to US$3,092). In September 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB5,000 thousand (equivalent to US$774). In October 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB75,000 thousand (equivalent to US$11,713).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In December 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of a privately held company with total cash consideration of RMB30,640 thousand (equivalent to US$4,672). Prior to the investment, in September 2021, the Group provided a bridge loan to the privately held investee, with principal amount of RMB15,000 thousand (equivalent to US$2,313), which was due within one year. There was a warrant granted to the Group to purchase shares of the customer with pre-agreed valuation cap. This loan arrangement was entered into separately from regular sales business with the customer. In accordance with the bridge loan agreement, the loan was interest free, and the Group was entitled to rights of investments in the customer within certain pre-defined period prior to the loan due dates. In the fourth quarter of 2021, this bridge loan of RMB15,000 thousand (equivalent to US$2,302) was fully converted into an investment in the customer which also included the Group&#x2019;s additional cash consideration of RMB15,640 thousand (equivalent to US$2,459). There was a realized gain of RMB7,860 thousand (equivalent to US$1,218) recorded in financial income, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to the exercise of the warrant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In November 2021, the Group acquired shareholding interest of two privately held companies with cash considerations of RMB3,000 thousand (equivalent to US$467) and RMB10,000 thousand (equivalent to US$1,571), respectively. In December 2021, the Group acquired a shareholding interest of a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB7,139 thousand (equivalent to US$1,120). In March 2022, the Group acquired a shareholding interest in a privately held company with a cash consideration of RMB10,000 thousand (equivalent to US$1,575).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As the Group has the right to request each investee to redeem the Group&#x2019;s investments at the Group&#x2019;s investment cost plus interest if the investee fails to meet certain predetermined conditions, the redeemable shares of the investees purchased by the Group were classified as an available-for-sale debt investments and were measured at their respective fair values. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the fair value changes of the Group&#x2019;s investments in these privately held companies were other comprehensive income of US$357 and other comprehensive loss of US$9,493 and US$7,791, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;</tuya:LongTermInvestmentTableTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_RBWgb4Zn6EGZa5VP90IJcw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;10.&#160;&#160;Operating Leases&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company has operating leases primarily for office and operation space. The Company&#x2019;s operating lease arrangements have remaining terms of one year to five years with no variable lease costs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Operating lease costs were US$8,231, US$6,626 and US$4,530 for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.The components of lease expenses were as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Lease cost:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Amortization of right-of-use assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,981&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,766&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Interest of lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 749&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 692&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 354&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Expenses for short-term lease within 12 months&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 501&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,168&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 76&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total lease cost&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,231&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,626&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,530&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;Supplemental cash flow information related to leases were as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,920&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,554&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,134&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 23,810&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 884&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,727&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases were as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Right-of-use assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,736&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,647&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,850&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,883&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities-non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,292&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,904&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total lease liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,142&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,787&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Weighted-average remaining lease term&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Operating leases&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.73 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.12 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Weighted-average discount rate&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Operating lease&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;4.75% per annum&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;4.75% per annum&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,200&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;2024&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,835&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,237&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;2025&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,675&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,880&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;2026&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 46&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 124&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;2027&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total undiscounted lease payments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,760&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,246&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Less: imputed interest&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (618)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (459)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,142&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,787&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_I62dcV7vzk60t846lBBOuw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Lease cost:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Amortization of right-of-use assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,981&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,766&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Interest of lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 749&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 692&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 354&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Expenses for short-term lease within 12 months&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 501&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,168&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 76&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total lease cost&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,231&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,626&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,530&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">4530000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
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      id="Tb_Oh8KOQxX9Uig9bJzXS8-wg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,920&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,554&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,134&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 23,810&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 884&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,727&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</tuya:LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_BRQofOqgRE2QjYv7gQnRNQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Right-of-use assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,736&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,647&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,850&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,883&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities-non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,292&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,904&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total lease liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,142&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,787&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Weighted-average remaining lease term&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Operating leases&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.73 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.12 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Weighted-average discount rate&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Operating lease&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;4.75% per annum&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.6pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;4.75% per annum&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</tuya:LesseeOperatingLeaseSupplementalConsolidatedBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock>
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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,200&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;2024&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,835&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,237&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;2025&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,675&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,880&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;2026&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 46&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 124&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;2027&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total undiscounted lease payments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,760&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,246&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Less: imputed interest&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (618)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (459)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.12%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,142&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,787&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_4wYbn4AQDEet29GBbDxqvQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;11.&#160;&#160;Accruals and Other Liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;The current and non-current portions of accruals and other liabilities consist of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accruals and other current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Salary and welfare payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,850&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,796&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cloud infrastructure and IT related services fee payables&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,214&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,214&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Payment from depositary bank, current (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,113&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,113&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tax payables&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 787&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,479&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Professional service fee payables&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,036&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,203&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Membership fee to be refunded (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 388&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,857&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deposit payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,436&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,412&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Sales return allowances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,004&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,223&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Advertising and promotion fee payables &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,078&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 975&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Product warranty&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 213&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 200&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Payables for share repurchase (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 716&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,548&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,335&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Total accruals and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 33,383&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 32,807&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;"&gt;Other non-current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Payment from depositary bank, non-current (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,004&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,891&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Total accruals and other liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 40,387&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 36,698&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;The Company received reimbursement payment of US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$13,053&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; and US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$1,926&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; from a depositary bank in April 2021 and June 2022,respectively. The amount was recorded ratably as other non-operating income over a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;five-year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;46 months&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; arrangement period, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Company recorded US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$1,958&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;, US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$2,904&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; and US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$3,113&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; in other non-operating income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(2)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Membership fee to be refunded presents the balances of refundable membership fee collected by the Group from its customers under the 2019 and 2023 Membership Program (Note 2(q)).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(3)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Payables for share repurchase represents the share repurchase consideration to be settled as of December 31, 2022 by the Group to a bank engaged by the Group for the Share Repurchase Program (Note 14). These payables were fully paid subsequently in January 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_Jj0K_4t7qE2Qy7tgxkFEHQ">&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accruals and other current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Salary and welfare payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,850&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,796&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cloud infrastructure and IT related services fee payables&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,214&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,214&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Payment from depositary bank, current (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,113&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,113&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tax payables&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 787&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,479&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Professional service fee payables&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,036&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,203&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Membership fee to be refunded (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 388&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,857&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deposit payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,436&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,412&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Sales return allowances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,004&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,223&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Advertising and promotion fee payables &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,078&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 975&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Product warranty&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 213&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 200&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Payables for share repurchase (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 716&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,548&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,335&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Total accruals and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 33,383&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 32,807&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;"&gt;Other non-current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Payment from depositary bank, non-current (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,004&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,891&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:65.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Total accruals and other liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 40,387&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.79%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 36,698&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;The Company received reimbursement payment of US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$13,053&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; and US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$1,926&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; from a depositary bank in April 2021 and June 2022,respectively. The amount was recorded ratably as other non-operating income over a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;five-year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;46 months&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; arrangement period, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Company recorded US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$1,958&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;, US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$2,904&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; and US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;$3,113&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt; in other non-operating income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(2)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Membership fee to be refunded presents the balances of refundable membership fee collected by the Group from its customers under the 2019 and 2023 Membership Program (Note 2(q)).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(3)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Payables for share repurchase represents the share repurchase consideration to be settled as of December 31, 2022 by the Group to a bank engaged by the Group for the Share Repurchase Program (Note 14). These payables were fully paid subsequently in January 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
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1,122&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt; -Membership (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 672&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt; -SaaS (3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,168&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,186&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total deferred revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,215&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,308&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18.2pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:12pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue represents the Group&#x2019;s provision of cloud-based connectivity obligation and basic IoT services to customers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Beginning balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,058&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,669&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,375&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Deferral of revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,157&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 872&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 984&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Recognition of deferred revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,546)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2,166)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,237)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Ending balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,669&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,375&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,122&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="display:inline-block;min-width:18pt;white-space:nowrap;"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;Deferred Revenue-Membership&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:12pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Deferred Revenue-Membership represents the Group&#x2019;s remaining performance obligation performed over the period of time under its 2020 Membership Program (Note&#160;2(q)).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Beginning balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,077&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,473&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 672&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Deferral of revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,259&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,442&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 179&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Recognition of deferred revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (6,863)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (5,243)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (851)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Ending balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,473&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 672&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(3)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Deferred Revenue-SaaS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:12pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Deferred Revenue-SaaS mainly represents the Group&#x2019;s remaining performance obligation in providing industry SaaS services over the period of time (Note&#160;2(q)).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Beginning balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,040&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,971&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,168&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Deferral of revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,455&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,779&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 19,402&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Recognition of deferred revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,524)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (10,582)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (18,384)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Ending balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,971&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,168&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,186&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_355UVtNuvEuX9O6D14wxzw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.45%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred Revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt; -Cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,375&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,122&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt; -Membership (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 672&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt; -SaaS (3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,168&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,186&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total deferred revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,215&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,308&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18.2pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:12pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Deferred cloud-based connectivity and basic IoT services related revenue represents the Group&#x2019;s provision of cloud-based connectivity obligation and basic IoT services to customers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Beginning balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,058&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,669&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,375&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Deferral of revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,157&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 872&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 984&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Recognition of deferred revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,546)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2,166)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,237)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Ending balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,669&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,375&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,122&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="display:inline-block;min-width:18pt;white-space:nowrap;"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;Deferred Revenue-Membership&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:12pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Deferred Revenue-Membership represents the Group&#x2019;s remaining performance obligation performed over the period of time under its 2020 Membership Program (Note&#160;2(q)).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Beginning balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,077&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,473&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 672&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Deferral of revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,259&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,442&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 179&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Recognition of deferred revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (6,863)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (5,243)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (851)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Ending balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,473&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 672&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(3)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Deferred Revenue-SaaS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:12pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Deferred Revenue-SaaS mainly represents the Group&#x2019;s remaining performance obligation in providing industry SaaS services over the period of time (Note&#160;2(q)).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Beginning balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,040&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,971&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,168&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Deferral of revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,455&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,779&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 19,402&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Recognition of deferred revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,524)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (10,582)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (18,384)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Ending balances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,971&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,168&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,186&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">3473000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">179000</tuya:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeferralOfRevenue>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">6863000</tuya:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingOpeningBalance>
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      id="Tb_q4LUakotLkaxdwuTWDYnfg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;13.&#160;&#160;Financial Income, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Interest income and investment income, net (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,119&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,731&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 45,052&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Realized gain of bridge loan conversion to investment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,218&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value change of short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,998)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2,056)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 54&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value change of long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (53)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (129)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (130)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total financial income, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,286&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,546&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 44,976&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;Interest income and investment income, net included interest income and investment income of US$8,045, US$22,898 and US$49,744, as well as investment gain from forward exchange contracts of US$74, investment loss from forward exchange contracts of US$2,167 and US$4,692, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:InterestAndOtherIncomeTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:InterestAndOtherIncomeTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_okck1yxZY0qJmIXJ9Zdm0w"
      id="Tb_EsOmz_73xEuafH2owafdsA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Interest income and investment income, net (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,119&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,731&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 45,052&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Realized gain of bridge loan conversion to investment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,218&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value change of short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,998)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2,056)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 54&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value change of long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (53)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (129)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (130)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total financial income, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,286&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,546&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.59%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 44,976&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;Interest income and investment income, net included interest income and investment income of US$8,045, US$22,898 and US$49,744, as well as investment gain from forward exchange contracts of US$74, investment loss from forward exchange contracts of US$2,167 and US$4,692, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:InterestAndOtherIncomeTableTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_i7l0if4-4069RF5qAcmPrw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;14.&#160;&#160;Ordinary Shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On August&#160;28, 2014, the Company was incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability with authorized share capital of US$50 divided into 1,000,000,000 shares with par value US$0.00005 each. On August&#160;28, 2014, the Company issued total 200,000,000 shares of ordinary shares with total cash consideration of US$10 to the Registered Shareholders. The Company issued total 21,980,000 ordinary shares for US$0.0797 per share, with cash proceed of RMB9,720&#160; thousand (equivalent to US$1,577) from two investors and US$175 from the other investor (collectively, the &#x201c;Angel Investors&#x201d;), on August&#160;28, 2014 and December&#160;23, 2014, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company amended the numbers of its ordinary shares authorized as 934,711,640, 921,032,370, 827,969,950, 767,500,110 and 692,500,110 upon the issuance of Series&#160;A, Series&#160;A-1,&#160;Series&#160;B, Series&#160;C and Series&#160;D convertible preferred shares in December&#160;2014, November&#160;2016, August&#160;2017, April&#160;2018 and September&#160;2019, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December&#160;31, 2019 and 2020, the Company had in aggregate of 221,980,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, at a par value of US$0.00005.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December&#160;31, 2019, proceeds of the subscription for ordinary shares of the Company in the amount of US$10 were remained outstanding, and was presented as subscription receivables from ordinary shareholders in equity, a contra-equity balance on the consolidated balance sheets as of December&#160;31, 2019. In 2020, the ordinary shareholders fully paid the US$10 subscription for ordinary shares of the Company, and therefore, as of December 31, 2020, the balance subscription receivables from ordinary shareholders were nil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In early February 2021, the Company issued total 16,026,282 shares of ordinary shares for US$12.48 per share, with total consideration of approximately US$200 million received from two investors at fair market price, including one holder of its Series D Preferred Shares.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On March 18, 2021, the Company completed its U.S. IPO of 43,590,000 American Depositary Shares (&#x201c;ADSs&#x201d;), each representing one Class A ordinary shares of the Company, at the price of US$21.00 per ADS. On April 20, 2021, the Company&#x2019;s underwriters exercised their over-allotment option to purchase additional 1,486,479 ADSs. The Company received approximately US$904.7 million of proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts commissions and other offering expense from its U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option arrangement. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Immediately prior to the completion of its U.S. IPO, the Company&#x2019;s authorized share capital was amended as US$50 divided into 1,000,000,000 ordinary shares, among which 600,000,000 authorized ordinary shares were reclassified and re-designated as Class A ordinary shares, 200,000,000 authorized ordinary shares were reclassified and re-designated as Class B ordinary shares, and remaining 200,000,000 authorized ordinary shares were reclassified and re-designated as undesignated shares on a one-for-one basis, of such class or classes (however designated) as the board of directors of the Company may determine in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Immediately prior to the completion of its U.S. IPO, a total of 142,400,000 issued and outstanding ordinary shares were converted into Class B ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis. The remaining issued and outstanding ordinary shares and all the Series A, Series A-1, Series B, Series C and Series D Preferred Shares,which were originally classified as Mezzanine Equity, were converted into Class A ordinary shares, in each case on a one-for-one basis immediately prior to the completion of the U.S. IPO (the &#x201c;Dual Class Conversion&#x201d;). In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to 15 votes. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On September 13, 2021 and October 18, 2021, the Company issued 5,000,000 Class A ordinary shares at par to a depository bank reserved solely for the purpose of implementing the Group&#x2019;s Equity Incentive Plan, respectively. The Group accounted for these shares as issued but not outstanding and presented as treasury stocks in the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On December 23, 2021, 27,000,000 Class B ordinary Shares were converted to Class A ordinary Shares on one-for-one basis for Wang Xueji&#x2019;s personal investment planning.On December 28, 2021, 36,000,000 Class B ordinary Shares were converted to Class A ordinary Shares on one-for-one basis for Wang Xueji&#x2019;s personal investment planning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On July 4, 2022, the Company completed its Dual Primary Listing in Hong Kong Exchange (&#x201c;Dual Primary Listing&#x201d;) of 7,300,000 Class A ordinary shares, at the price of US$2.46 per ordinary share.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On November 1, 2022, the Company amended the numbers of its Class A ordinary shares authorized from 600,000,000 to 800,000,000 at par value of US$0.00005 each.The Company further amended that in respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders to one vote for each Class A ordinary share and 10 votes for each Class B ordinary share.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On March 28, 2023 and December 15, 2023, 9,000,000 and 194,700 Class B ordinary shares were converted to Class A ordinary shares on one-for-one basis to reduce the weighted voting rights, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On August 30, 2021, the Company&#x2019;s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$200 million of ADSs each representing one Class A ordinary shares during a &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_E6c9VaiZxkuYCs7HT9290w;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;twelve - month&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; period ended on August 30, 2022. On November 9, 2022, the Company&#x2019;s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$50 million of ADSs each representing one Class A ordinary shares. On June 29, 2023, the Company&#x2019;s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$50 million of ADSs each representing one Class A ordinary shares (The above mentioned share repurchase programs are collectively referred as the &#x201c;Share Repurchase Program&#x201d;). The share repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades and/or through other legally permissible means, depending on market conditions and in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased total 18,813,449 ADSs representing 18,813,449 ordinary shares, and total 26,400 ordinary shares under the Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of US$3.17 per ADS and US$1.71 per ordinary share, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the remaining authorized amount under the Share Repurchase Program is US$46 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased total 1,200,794 ADSs representing 1,200,794 ordinary shares under the Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of US$1.70 per ADS. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining authorized amount under the Share Repurchase Program is US$49 million.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On March 28, 2023 and December 15, 2023, 2,753,167 and 1,200,794 treasury stocks were cancelled respectively, to comply with the listing rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company&#x2019;s authorized share capital of US$50 was divided into 1,000,000,000 ordinary shares, among which 800,000,000 authorized Class A ordinary shares and 200,000,000 authorized Class B ordinary shares.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022, the Company had in aggregate of 499,146,560 Class A ordinary shares issued and 473,550,229 shares Class A outstanding, at a par value of US$0.00005. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had in aggregate of 79,400,000 Class B ordinary shares issued and &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_37lb0xP8qEiQIiJy-yg6RQ;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;outstanding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, at a par value of US$0.00005.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, the Company had in aggregate of 504,387,299 Class A ordinary shares issued and 487,591,968 shares Class A outstanding, at a par value of US$0.00005. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had in aggregate of 70,205,300 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding, at a par value of US$0.00005.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The activities of the Group&#x2019;s Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are summarized as below:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;background:#ffff00;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&#160;of&#160;Class&#160;A&#160;ordinary&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&#160;and&#160;Class&#160;B&#160;ordinary&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Class&#160;A&#160;ordinary&#160;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Class&#160;B&#160;ordinary&#160;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(US&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;$0.00005&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;par&#160;value)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(US&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;$0.00005&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;par&#160;value)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(US&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;$0.00005&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;par&#160;value)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&#160;issued&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&#160;issued&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&#160;issued&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 491,846,560&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 79,400,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 571,246,560&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 29&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing at par value&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,300,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,300,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 499,146,560&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 79,400,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 578,546,560&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 29&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cancellation of Treasury&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,953,961)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,953,961)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Conversion of Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,194,700&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (9,194,700)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance as of December 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 504,387,299&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 70,205,300&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span 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      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA">0.00005</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA">70205300</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_hTKjqiLfvU6VxYvsT65qEA">70205300</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
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      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_10mC6kVfI0uF3dZRladrNA">0.00005</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
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      id="Tb_pkVAZLLoq02H0hqp61MEoQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;background:#ffff00;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&#160;of&#160;Class&#160;A&#160;ordinary&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&#160;and&#160;Class&#160;B&#160;ordinary&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Class&#160;A&#160;ordinary&#160;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Class&#160;B&#160;ordinary&#160;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(US&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;$0.00005&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;par&#160;value)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(US&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;$0.00005&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;par&#160;value)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(US&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;$0.00005&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;par&#160;value)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&#160;issued&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&#160;issued&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&#160;issued&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 491,846,560&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 79,400,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 571,246,560&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 29&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing at par value&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,300,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,300,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 499,146,560&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 79,400,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 578,546,560&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 29&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cancellation of Treasury&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,953,961)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,953,961)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Conversion of Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,194,700&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (9,194,700)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance as of December 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.84%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 504,387,299&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.95%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 70,205,300&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.97%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.85%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 574,592,599&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.38%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 29&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock>
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In July&#160;2020, the 2015 Plan was modified to allow the Company with the intentions of i) providing for the award of restricted stock units (&#x201c;RSUs&#x201d;) under the Plan and ii) amending the exercise price of certain outstanding share options held by certain optionees located outside of the U.S. to purchase ordinary shares of the Company (the &#x201c;Share Option Repricing&#x201d;), and the number of ordinary shares reserved for the 2015 Plan was modified to 60,778,005 (adjusted in accordance with the Share Split). As of December 31, 2020, the Company had not granted any RSUs to anyone yet, neither had the Company entered any repricing agreement with the optionee under the 2015 Plan yet. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had not granted any restricted shares to anyone yet, except that the part of the ordinary shares issued to the Registered Shareholders with restricted conditions from December&#160;2014 to 2018 was considered as shared based compensation, which was recorded as expenses before the periods presented and in the opening balance of accumulated losses of the Group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Since adoption of the 2015 Plan, the Company granted options to its global employees, director and external consultants. All options granted have a contractual term of ten years from the grant date, and the vest over a period of four years of continuous service, 50% of the shares subject to the option shall vest on the &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_fOLSfNlGc0GChVIh88aUQg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; anniversary of the vesting commencement date, and the &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_nuICTYNO_0y5rmkMKK-dDg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;remaining&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; of the shares subject to the option shall vest in equal annual installments over the following two years thereafter on the same day of the&#160;month as the vesting commencement date (and if there is no corresponding day, on the last day of the&#160;month), subject to the grantee continuing to be a service provider through each such date. The share options granted to PRC employee grantee shall become fully vested under the same service conditions and vesting schedule and, to the extent permissible under applicable law, exercisable upon the occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2015 Plan).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company accounted for the share-based compensation costs on a straight-line bases over the requisite service period for the award based on the fair value on their respectively grant date.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;In January 2021, the Company entered into agreements with certain optionees under the 2015 Plan to amend the exercise price of certain outstanding share options held by these optionees located outside of the U.S. to purchase ordinary shares of the Company. As a result of this share option repricing, the Company recorded incremental share-based compensation expense of US$1,646 and US$728 in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, and estimated approximately US$154 million to be amortized over the remaining requisite service period for the optionees till year ended December 31, 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On February 21, 2021, the 2015 Plan was amended to increase the number of ordinary shares available and reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan to 76,778,005 ordinary shares, which was approved by the board of directors of the Company and the shareholders of the Company.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On February 25, 2021, the board of directors of the Company approved further amendment to the 2015 Plan, which provides that starting on January 1, 2022, on the first day of each fiscal year thereafter, the total number of shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan was increased by an amount equal to the least of (i) 2% of the aggregate number of shares of all classes of ordinary shares of the Company&#x2019;s issued and outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) such number of shares as determined by the board of directors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company granted 18,035,000, 2,765,000, and nil new share options with four - year requisite service period to its employees and nonemployees for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, 56,274,213 and 51,672,005 options were outstanding under the 2015 plan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Staring from June 2021, the Company granted RSUs under the 2015 Plan. The Company granted 3,217,000 RSUs, 10,205,500 RSUs and 1,181,000 RSUs with &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_sEEfG47mDUuS4rB3f0zuAg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-to-&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_IrIX_Gi4WEOdf4PzLXfBVg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-year requisite service period to its employees and nonemployees for year ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, 11,638,750 RSUs and 9,323,125 RSUs were outstanding under the 2015 Plan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;Share Options&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following table sets forth the share options activity for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;exercise&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;grant date&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;remaining&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Aggregate&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;price&#160;per&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;fair value per&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;contractual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;intrinsic&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;term&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2020&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 48,740,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.33&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1.05&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.02&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 591,879&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,035,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.24&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 12.55&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Exercised&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (5,403,461)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.14&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.68&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (1,410,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.21&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 59,961,539&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.17&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.40&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 6.95&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 364,287&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,765,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3.27&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Exercised&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (4,502,326)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2.09&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (1,950,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.47&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.69&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 56,274,213&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.16&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.42&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 6.04&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 98,287&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"&gt;Exercised&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (3,770,958)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3.54&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (831,250)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.36&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.16&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December 31, 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 51,672,005&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.15&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.44&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.95&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 105,285&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the estimated fair value of the underlying stock at each reporting date (December 31, 2021: US$374,760, December 31, 2022: US$107,484, December 31, 2023: US$118,846).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group uses the Binominal option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. The assumptions used to value the Company&#x2019;s options grants were as follow:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Exercise price (US Dollar)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;0.2~2.88&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Exercise multiple&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.2~2.8&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.2~2.8&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Risk-free interest rate&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;1.13%~1.79&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;1.92%~3.22&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Expected term (in years)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;10&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 10&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_1mCZYEzHp06ksBbxgLYFmw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;N/A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Expected dividend yield&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;50.40%~55.79&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;55.68%~55.78&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.96%~5.83&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;5.83%~7.70&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of options grants (US Dollar)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;6.25~20.91&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.24~5.46&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Fair value of share option (US Dollar)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;5.78~20.91&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.05~5.27&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;For the year ended December 31, 2023, no new share option granted by the Company.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were US$127,887 and US$65,970 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to share options granted by the Company, which were expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of 1.05 years and 0.56 year, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;Restricted Share Units:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The following table sets forth the service-based RSUs activity for the year ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&#160;average&#160;grant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&#160;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;date&#160;fair&#160;value&#160;per&#160;share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2020&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,217,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8.95&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (167,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11.80&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,050,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8.80&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Granted &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;10,205,500&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2.58&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Vested&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (346,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6.68&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Forfeited &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,270,750)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.80&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;11,638,750&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3.51&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Granted &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,181,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1.79&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td 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style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.76&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Forfeited &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,219,750)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.34&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December 31, 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,323,125&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td 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style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;exercise&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;grant date&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;remaining&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Aggregate&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;price&#160;per&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;fair value per&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;contractual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;intrinsic&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;term&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2020&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 48,740,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.33&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1.05&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.02&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 591,879&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,035,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.24&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 12.55&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Exercised&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (5,403,461)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.14&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.68&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (1,410,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.21&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2021&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 59,961,539&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.17&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.40&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 6.95&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 364,287&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,765,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3.27&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Exercised&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (4,502,326)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2.09&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (1,950,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.47&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.69&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 56,274,213&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.16&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.42&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 6.04&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 98,287&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"&gt;Exercised&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (3,770,958)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3.54&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:45.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (831,250)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.36&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.92%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.16&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span 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      id="Tb_nY65jSa5oke2GZPeDtk_4A">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Exercise price (US Dollar)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;0.2~2.88&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Exercise multiple&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.2~2.8&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.2~2.8&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Risk-free interest rate&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;1.13%~1.79&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;1.92%~3.22&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Expected term (in years)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;10&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 10&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_1mCZYEzHp06ksBbxgLYFmw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;N/A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Expected dividend yield&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;50.40%~55.79&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;55.68%~55.78&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;2.96%~5.83&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;5.83%~7.70&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;N/A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of options grants (US Dollar)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&#160;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;date&#160;fair&#160;value&#160;per&#160;share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2020&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td 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0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,217,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8.95&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 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style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;10,205,500&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2.58&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td 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style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6.68&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Forfeited &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid 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0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;11,638,750&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3.51&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Granted &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,181,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1.79&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Vested&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2,276,875)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.34&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Outstanding as of December 31, 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p 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      id="Tb_6VNrgzACjUuTAhHc3taxRg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;17.&#160;&#160;Income Taxes&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;Cayman Islands&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Under the current tax laws of Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to income, corporation or capital gains tax, and no withholding tax is imposed upon the payment of dividends.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;British Virgin Islands&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, entities incorporated in the British Virgin Islands are not subject to tax on their income or capital gains.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;Hong Kong&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Under the current Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance, the Group&#x2019;s subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to 16.5% Hong Kong profit tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Hong Kong.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;PRC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;PRC Enterprise Income Tax (&#x201c;EIT&#x201d;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On March&#160;16, 2007, the National People&#x2019;s Congress of PRC enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law (the &#x201c;new CIT Law&#x201d;), under which foreign invested enterprises (&#x201c;FIEs&#x201d;) and domestic companies would be subject to enterprise income tax (&#x201c;EIT &#x201c;) at a uniform rate of 25%. The new CIT law became effective on January&#160;1, 2008. In accordance with the implementation rules&#160;of EIT Law, a qualified &#x201c;High and New Technology Enterprise&#x201d; (&#x201c;HNTE&#x201d;) is eligible for a preferential tax rate of 15%. The HNTE certificate is effective for a period of three&#160;years. An entity could&#160;re-apply&#160;for the HNTE certificate when the prior certificate expires.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The WFOE (Hangzhou Tuya Information Technology Co., Ltd.) obtained its HNTE certificate with a valid period of three years in November 2018, and renewed in December 2021 with a valid period of three&#160;years. Therefore, the WFOE is eligible to enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15% from the years ended December 31, 2018 to 2023, to the extent it has taxable income under the EIT Law, and as long as it maintains the HNTE qualification and duly conducts relevant EIT filing procedures with the relevant tax authority.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;PRC Withholding Income Tax on Dividends&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The EIT Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or region but whose &#x201c;de facto management body&#x201d; is located in the PRC be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of 25% for its global income. The implementing Rules&#160;of the EIT Law merely define the location of the &#x201c;de facto management body&#x201d; as &#x201c;the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, properties, etc., of a&#160;non-PRC&#160;company is located.&#x201d;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The EIT Law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a FIE to its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a&#160;non-resident&#160;enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company&#x2019;s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August&#160;2006, dividends paid by a FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong can be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% if the immediate holding company in Hong Kong owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE and could be recognized as a Beneficial Owner of the dividend from PRC tax perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company did not record any withholding tax on the retained earnings of its subsidiaries in the PRC as the Group does not have retained earnings for any of the years presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;United States&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s subsidiary in California, United States is subject to U.S. federal corporate tax and California corporate franchise tax on its taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant U.S. tax laws. The applicable U.S. federal corporate tax rate is 21% and the California corporate franchise tax rate is 8.84% or minimum of $0.8, whatever is larger in 2021,2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;On December&#160;22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the &#x201c;Tax Act&#x201d;). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code including, but not limited to: (1)&#160;reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; (2)&#160;requiring companies to pay a&#160;one-time&#160;transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries; (3)&#160;generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (4)&#160;requiring a current inclusion in U.S. federal taxable income of certain earnings of controlled foreign corporations; (5)&#160;eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (&#x201c;AMT&#x201d;) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (6)&#160;creating the base erosion anti-abuse tax (&#x201c;BEAT&#x201d;), a new minimum tax; (7)&#160;creating a new limitation on deductible interest expense; and (8)&#160;changing rules&#160;related to uses and limitations of net operating loss carry-forwards created in tax&#160;years beginning after December&#160;31, 2017. In addition, the California corporate franchise tax remained the same after the enactment of the Tax Act.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;The Company assessed the impact of Tax Act and concluded that it was not material to the Company.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;As the Group incurred income tax expense mainly from PRC tax jurisdictions, the following information is based mainly on PRC income taxes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;Composition of income tax expense&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The components of loss before tax are as follow:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Loss before tax&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Loss from PRC entities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (150,478)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (143,951)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (71,249)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;(Loss)/profit from overseas entities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (24,456)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (344)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,183&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total loss before tax&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (174,934)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (144,295)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (57,066)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Current income tax expense&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 490&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,880&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,249&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred income tax&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total income tax expense&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 490&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,880&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,249&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Reconciliation of the differences between statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Reconciliation of the differences between the statutory EIT rate applicable to losses of the consolidated entities and the income tax expenses of the Group:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;PRC Statutory income tax rate&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25.0&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25.0&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25.0&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of tax rates in different tax jurisdiction&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2.0)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2.5)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of preferential tax rate for qualified HNTE entities (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2.2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (6.0)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (5.4)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Additional deduction for research and development expenditures&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8.5&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17.7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Share-based compensation expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (8.4)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (10.5)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (19.7)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Permanent book-tax differences&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6.2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1.4)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1.6&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Change in valuation allowance (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (26.0)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (16.6)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (22.4)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Effective tax rates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1.3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (5.7)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;The effect of the preferential income tax rate that the WFOE is entitled to enjoy as a qualified HNTE is &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;15%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(2)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Valuation allowance for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are related to the deferred tax assets of certain group entities which reported losses. The Group believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets of these entities will not be utilized. Therefore, valuation allowance has been provided.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:12pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The following table sets forth the significant components of the deferred tax assets:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Deferred tax assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Net accumulated losses-carry forward&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 76,944&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 103,231&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 114,958&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Payroll liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,438&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,915&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,451&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Credit-related impairment of long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,421&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Inventory write-downs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 402&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 691&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 531&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Receivables allowances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 171&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 42&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 279&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Other deductible temporary difference&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 88&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 106&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Less: valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (82,964)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (106,967)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (119,746)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total deferred tax assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, the Group had tax losses carry forwards of approximately US$608,109, which mainly arose from its subsidiaries established in the PRC. These tax losses carry forwards from PRC entities will expire during the period from 2024 to 2033 as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;At December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2024&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 227&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2025&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 59,719&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2026&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 106,030&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2027&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 50,463&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2028&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 59,405&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2029&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 68,687&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2030&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 37,607&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2031&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 34,690&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2032&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 98,215&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2033&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 36,502&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total tax losses carry forwards&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 551,545&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Movement of valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 106,967&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Changes of valuation allowance(1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Loss before tax&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Loss from PRC entities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (150,478)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (143,951)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (71,249)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;(Loss)/profit from overseas entities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (24,456)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (344)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,183&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total loss before tax&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (174,934)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (144,295)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (57,066)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td 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style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid 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style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;PRC Statutory income tax rate&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25.0&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25.0&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25.0&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of tax rates in different tax jurisdiction&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2.0)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2.5)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of preferential tax rate for qualified HNTE entities (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2.2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (6.0)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (5.4)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Additional deduction for research and development expenditures&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7.2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8.5&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17.7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Share-based compensation expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (8.4)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (10.5)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (19.7)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Permanent book-tax differences&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6.2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1.4)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 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0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (16.6)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.37%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (22.4)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;%&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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      id="Tb_ZBWCuIcbkk2x0LxJydqYZA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Deferred tax assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Net accumulated losses-carry forward&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 76,944&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 103,231&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 114,958&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Payroll liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,438&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,915&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,451&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Credit-related impairment of long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,421&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Inventory write-downs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 402&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 691&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 531&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Receivables allowances&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 171&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 42&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 279&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Other deductible temporary difference&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 88&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 106&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Less: valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (82,964)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (106,967)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (119,746)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total deferred tax assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">114958000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">5438000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefits>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">2915000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefits>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">2451000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefits>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">171000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts>
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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">42000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts>
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      id="Tb_-DJXkt0y-EmulWZ-MQ2Izg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;At December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2024&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 227&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2025&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 59,719&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2026&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 106,030&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2027&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 50,463&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2028&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 59,405&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2029&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 68,687&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2030&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 37,607&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2031&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 34,690&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2032&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 98,215&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;2033&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 36,502&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total tax losses carry forwards&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 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      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_7Fve1PeyKkuIYdJkRSYkog">59405000</tuya:OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration>
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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Balance at beginning of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 37,405&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 82,964&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 106,967&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Changes of valuation allowance(1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 45,559&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 24,003&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,779&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Balance at end of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 82,964&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 106,967&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.49%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 119,746&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Valuation allowances have been provided against deferred tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. In making such determination, the Group evaluates a variety of factors including the Group&#x2019;s entities&#x2019; operating history, accumulated deficit, existence of taxable temporary differences and reversal periods. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, full valuation allowances on deferred tax assets were provided because it was more likely than not that the Group will not be able to utilize tax loss carry forwards and other temporary tax difference generated by its unprofitable subsidiaries and the VIE.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_KOiqp20Ojkug3SHG9Wr9ow">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;18.&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;Basic and diluted loss per share have been calculated in accordance with ASC 260 on computation of earnings (loss) per share for each of the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are calculated as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Basic and diluted net loss per share calculation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Numerator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.&#x2019;s ordinary shareholders, basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (175,424)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (146,175)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (60,315)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Denominator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 489,149,533&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 553,527,529&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 555,466,061&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Basic&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.36)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.26)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.11)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Diluted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.36)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.26)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.11)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The following ordinary shares equivalent were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per ordinary share for the periods presented because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Share option and RSU-weighted shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 61,989,697&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 65,349,350&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 64,211,569&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock
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      id="Tb_oX6IceRMQk6o3OSF8xRdsw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Basic and diluted net loss per share calculation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Numerator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net loss attributable to Tuya Inc.&#x2019;s ordinary shareholders, basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (175,424)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (146,175)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (60,315)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Denominator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 489,149,533&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 553,527,529&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 555,466,061&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Basic&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.36)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.26)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.11)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Diluted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.36)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.26)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 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      id="Tb_oLONNn-34ka6BuomU3U-cw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div 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style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Share option and RSU-weighted shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 61,989,697&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.54%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 65,349,350&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.56%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p 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Operating lease commitment within one&#160;year or less lease term, for which the Group elected not recognize any lease liability or&#160;right-of-use&#160;asset, therefore not yet reflected in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 were US$33 and US$19, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;(c)&#160;Services purchase commitment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, the Group&#x2019;s services purchase commitments were as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Less&#160;Than&#160;1&#160;year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;1-3&#160;years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;3-5 years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Purchase obligations(i)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,667&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,042&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,625&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;(i)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;Purchase obligations represent US$24,604 and US$15,667 of remaining non-cancellable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, related to one of the Group&#x2019;s third-party cloud infrastructure agreements, under which the Group committed to spend an aggregate of at least US$37,500 between June 1, 2021 and May 31, 2026 with minimum purchase commitment. The Group had made payments totalling US$15,774 and US$27,023 under this agreement as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;(d)&#160;Contingencies&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;On August 9, 2022, the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors were named as defendants in a putative securities class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging that certain material misstatements and/or omissions were made in the Company&#x2019;s March 2021 U.S. IPO registration statement. As of the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements, the case remained in its preliminary stage and the Group was unable to predict the outcome of the case, or reasonably estimate a range of possible loss, if any, given the current status of the case. The Group records a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Group reviews the need for any such liability on a regular basis. The Group has not recorded any material liability in this regard for the above action as of December 31, 2023. Other than as disclosed above, as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group was not involved in any legal or administrative proceedings that the Group believes may have a material adverse impact on the Group&#x2019;s business, balance sheets or results of operations and cash flows.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock>
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style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Less&#160;Than&#160;1&#160;year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;1-3&#160;years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;3-5 years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:62.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Purchase obligations(i)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,667&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,042&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,625&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:18pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;(i)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;Purchase obligations represent US$24,604 and US$15,667 of remaining non-cancellable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, related to one of the Group&#x2019;s third-party cloud infrastructure agreements, under which the Group committed to spend an aggregate of at least US$37,500 between June 1, 2021 and May 31, 2026 with minimum purchase commitment. The Group had made payments totalling US$15,774 and US$27,023 under this agreement as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:PurchaseCommitmentExcludingLongtermCommitmentTableTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_rpVFJQp5ckOG6e4qAHD3og">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;20.&#160;&#160;Related Party Transactions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The related parties with which the Group had transactions during the years presented are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Name of related party&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Relationship&#160;with&#160;the&#160;Group&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Wang Xueji and other four individuals&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Registered Shareholders&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:top;width:55.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tencent Group (including Tencent Mobility Limited and Image Frame &lt;br/&gt; Investment (HK) Limited. After November 1, 2022, Tencent Group &lt;br/&gt;is a related party of the Company)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Principal shareholder of the Group&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group entered into the following related party transactions:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:97%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;From&#160;November&#160;1,&#160;2022&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;year&#160;ended&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;to&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Purchase of cloud service from Tencent Group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.75pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt; 262&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.75pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt; 1,305&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group had the following related party balances:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.21%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:58.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Due to Tencent Group &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 306&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Prepaid service fee to Tencent Group&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 97&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock>
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      id="Group_FramRA4Zg0uwOJ8CYf0XKA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Name of related party&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Relationship&#160;with&#160;the&#160;Group&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:55.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Wang Xueji and other four individuals&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Registered Shareholders&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:top;width:55.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tencent Group (including Tencent Mobility Limited and Image Frame &lt;br/&gt; Investment (HK) Limited. After November 1, 2022, Tencent Group &lt;br/&gt;is a related party of the Company)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Principal shareholder of the Group&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:97%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;From&#160;November&#160;1,&#160;2022&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;year&#160;ended&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;to&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.08%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;Purchase of cloud service from Tencent Group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.59%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.75pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt; 262&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3.75pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt; 1,305&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;The Group had the following related party balances:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-left:18pt;"&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:96%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:39.21%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:58.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Due to Tencent Group &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 306&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Prepaid service fee to Tencent Group&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 97&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_PnuGldpNXkOd7pNauul7cg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;22.&#160;&#160;Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Group&#x2019;s entities incorporated in the PRC only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, the Group&#x2019;s entities in the PRC are required to annually appropriate 10% of their net&#160;after-tax&#160;income to the statutory general reserve fund prior to payment of any dividends, unless such reserve funds have reached 50% of their respective registered capital. As a result of these and other restrictions under PRC laws and regulations, the Group&#x2019;s entities and the VIE subsidiary incorporated in the PRC are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company either in the form of dividends, loans or advances, which restricted portion as calculated under U.S. GAAP amounted to US$392,612 and US$408,641 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023. There are no significant differences between U.S. GAAP and PRC accounting standards in connection with the reported net assets of the legally owned subsidiaries in the PRC and the VIE. Even though the Company currently does not require any such dividends, loans or advances from the PRC entities for working capital and other funding purposes, the Company may in the future require additional cash resources from them due to changes in business conditions, to fund future acquisitions and development, or merely to declare and pay dividends or distributions to its shareholders. Except for the above, there is no other restriction on use of proceeds generated by the Group&#x2019;s subsidiaries and the VIE to satisfy any obligations of the Company.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 18pt;"&gt;For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of subsidiaries and VIE in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Rule 4-08 (e) (3), &#x201c;General Notes to Financial Statements&#x201d; and concluded that the restricted net assets exceeded 25% of the consolidated net assets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and the condensed financial information of the Company (referred to as the &#x201c;Parent Company&#x201d; below) are required to be presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Condensed Financial Information of the Parent Company&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;(All amounts in US$ thousands (&#x201c;US$&#x201d;), except for share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance Sheet&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;ASSETS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Current assets:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,685&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 21,393&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Amounts due from subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 318,017&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 287,668&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Prepayments and other current assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 596&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 785&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 323,298&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 309,846&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Non-current assets:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Investment in subsidiaries and VIE&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 651,044&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 669,084&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total non-current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 651,044&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 669,084&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 974,342&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 978,930&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS&#x2019; EQUITY&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Accruals and other current liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,171&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,474&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Other non-current liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,004&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,891&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,175&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,365&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Shareholders&#x2019; equity:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Class A ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; 800,000,000 and 800,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 499,146,560 and 504,387,299&lt;span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"&gt; shares issued as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively;  &lt;/span&gt;473,550,229 and 487,591,968 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Class B ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; 200,000,000 and 200,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 79,400,000 and 70,205,300 shares &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Qy-O7aI8hU6xLhi9rBOU8Q;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;issued&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_yeJ02ODVrUWv3w7ZJyyx8w;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;outstanding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Treasury stock (US$0.00005 par value; 25,596,331 and 16,795,331 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (86,438)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (53,630)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Additional paid-in capital&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,584,764&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,616,105&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (22,115)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (17,091)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Accumulated deficit&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (514,073)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (574,848)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total shareholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 962,167&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 970,565&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total liabilities and shareholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 974,342&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 978,930&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Statement of Comprehensive Loss&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Operation expense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (2,927)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (3,013)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (4,212)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Share of loss of subsidiaries and VIE&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (174,455)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (146,417)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (59,372)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total operating expenses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (177,382)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (149,430)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (63,584)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Other non-operating income, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,958&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,904&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,113&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Financial income, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 197&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 238&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Foreign exchange gain/(loss)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 154&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (82)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Loss before income tax expense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (175,424)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (146,175)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (60,315)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net loss&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (175,424)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (146,175)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (60,315)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (175,424)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (146,175)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (60,315)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net loss&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (175,424)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (146,175)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (60,315)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Other comprehensive income/(loss)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Foreign currency translation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,482&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (14,942)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (2,722)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Transfer out of fair value changes of long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,537&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Changes in fair value of long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 357&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (9,493)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (7,791)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total comprehensive loss&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (173,585)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (170,610)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (55,291)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:24.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24.5pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Statement of Cash Flows&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:24.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24.5pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.02%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,255&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,408)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,478)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Advance to, and investment in subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,037,244)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (7,940)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Proceeds from subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 28,842&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 30,349&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,037,244)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 28,842&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 22,409&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 904,732&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Payment for repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (64,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (48,678)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,339)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,057&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 200,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Proceeds from exercise of share options&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,070&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,039&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,187&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Payments of deferred offering costs &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (71)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net cash generated from/(used in) financing activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,041,802&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (38,582)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2,223)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,813&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (11,148)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,708&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,833&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,685&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,833&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,685&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 21,393&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock>
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      id="Tb_SffRnnGS70e6tsiiVx49qg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;ASSETS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Current assets:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,685&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 21,393&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Amounts due from subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 318,017&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 287,668&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Prepayments and other current assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 596&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 785&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 323,298&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 309,846&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Non-current assets:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Investment in subsidiaries and VIE&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 651,044&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 669,084&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total non-current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 651,044&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 669,084&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 974,342&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 978,930&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS&#x2019; EQUITY&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Accruals and other current liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,171&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,474&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Other non-current liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,004&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,891&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,175&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,365&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Shareholders&#x2019; equity:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Class A ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; 800,000,000 and 800,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 499,146,560 and 504,387,299&lt;span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"&gt; shares issued as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively;  &lt;/span&gt;473,550,229 and 487,591,968 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Class B ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; 200,000,000 and 200,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 79,400,000 and 70,205,300 shares &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Qy-O7aI8hU6xLhi9rBOU8Q;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;issued&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_yeJ02ODVrUWv3w7ZJyyx8w;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;outstanding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Treasury stock (US$0.00005 par value; 25,596,331 and 16,795,331 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (86,438)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (53,630)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Additional paid-in capital&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,584,764&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,616,105&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (22,115)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (17,091)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Accumulated deficit&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (514,073)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (574,848)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total shareholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 962,167&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 970,565&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total liabilities and shareholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 974,342&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 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      id="Tb_2jdJtzEAw0WtqIfWYzCGYA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Operation expense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (2,927)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (3,013)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (4,212)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Share of loss of subsidiaries and VIE&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (174,455)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (146,417)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (59,372)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total operating expenses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (177,382)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (149,430)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (63,584)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Other non-operating income, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,958&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,904&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,113&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Financial income, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 197&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 238&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Foreign exchange gain/(loss)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 154&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (82)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Loss before income tax expense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (175,424)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (146,175)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (60,315)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net loss&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (175,424)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (146,175)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (60,315)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (175,424)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (146,175)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (60,315)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net loss&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (175,424)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (146,175)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (60,315)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Other comprehensive income/(loss)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Foreign currency translation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,482&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (14,942)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (2,722)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:68.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Transfer out of fair value changes of long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,537&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:68.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"&gt;Changes in fair value of long-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 357&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New 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      id="Tb_7LLcODv4H02lyJAbicdlpg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:24.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24.5pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.02%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,255&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,408)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,478)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Advance to, and investment in subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,037,244)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (7,940)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Proceeds from subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 28,842&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 30,349&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,037,244)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 28,842&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 22,409&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon U.S. IPO and related over-allotment option, net of cost of issuance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 904,732&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Payment for repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (64,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (48,678)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,339)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the Dual Primary Listing, net of cost of issuance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,057&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares prior to Initial Public Offering&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 200,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Proceeds from exercise of share options&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,070&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,039&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,187&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Payments of deferred offering costs &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (71)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net cash generated from/(used in) financing activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,041,802&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (38,582)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (2,223)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,813&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (11,148)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,708&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 6pt;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,833&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,685&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,833&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.39%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,685&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.4%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 21,393&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock>
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    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
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